专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇-2026年中考英语模拟真题速递（浙江专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读，分基础与重难层级，覆盖细节、主旨等核心题型，主题贴近生活与科技，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|5篇（如体重管理、三星堆展览）|细节理解、主旨归纳、词义猜测|从基础信息获取到简单逻辑梳理，主题涵盖健康、文化，培养信息定位能力| |重难语篇练习|5篇（如中医、智能垃圾桶）|推理判断、结构分析、观点提炼|从深层理解到逻辑推理，主题涉及科技、环保，提升批判性思维与跨文化意识|

专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （浙江专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Being overweight is harmful to health. It can increase the risk of diseases such as heart problems and high blood pressure. China has made a three-year weight management plan to help people control weight. So, do you know how to manage your weight? Both what you eat and how you eat are very important. You should eat meals at regular (有规律的) times. Have breakfast every day and finish dinner by 7 p.m. Avoid snacks, fried food and drinks with lots of sugar. Eat until you’re 70% full and eat slowly. Begin your meal with vegetables, then meat, and finally rice or noodles. This helps to control how much you eat. Exercise is as crucial as eating. Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week such as walking, swimming or bike riding, along with strength (力量) training twice a week. If you sit for too long, stand up and move for 3 to 5 minutes every hour. Also, get enough sleep, about 7 hours a night. What’s more, some cities have already set up special “weight management clinics (门诊)” in hospitals. In order to help people lose weight safely, some experts can provide people with advice on diet, exercise plans and Traditional Chinese Medicine methods. Schools are encouraged to teach students about healthy eating. Families, hotels, and other places can also provide support for weight management. Even AI technology might be used to improve personal weight management. Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. Let’s work together for a healthier future. 1．Why has China made a three-year weight management plan? A．To do medical research. B．To improve students’ diet. C．To encourage people to relax. D．To help people control weight. 2．According to the passage, what’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Basic table manners. B．Healthy eating habits. C．Useful cooking skills. D．Scientific exercise plans. 3．The underlined word “crucial” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．important B．popular C．convenient D．available 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph2…) A． B． C． D． For Li Jin, a primary school student from Beijing, an exhibition on Sanxingdui is more eye-catching than the Transformers (变形金刚) at the theme park Universal Beijing Resort. The 9-year-old became interested in the history and culture of Sanxingdui three years ago after reading about it in a library book. After learning about the exhibition, he included it in his summer vacation plans at once. Even in the face of the summer heat and long lines, hundreds of thousands of people, including Li and his grandmother, rushed to the exhibition titled “Unveiling Sanxingdui of Ancient Shu civilization” held at a museum in Beijing. Soon after its opening, the daily visitors to this exhibition reached as high as 16,000 on weekdays. On weekends, the number increased to an amazing 33,000. Beijing’s cultural exhibition on Sanxingdui reflects this year’s museum fever in China during the summer vacation period. Driven by a love for museums, the appreciation of history and ancient civilizations has become a cultural phenomenon (现象). Cultural and historical museums, along with cities that have a rich heritage (遗产), have become must-visit locations for many tourists, said Dai Bin, head of the China Tourism Academy. To better meet the growing needs of tourists, many museums in Beijing, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Hunan have decided to close late. Also, nighttime events have been held in cities like Shanghai and Changzhou, providing the young people with special tour experiences. “Night tours in museums bring more fun to children’s nightlife and make it meaningful,” said a father from Changzhou. 1．What is Li Jin’s plan for his summer vacation according to Paragraph One? A．To read more books in the library. B．To see the cultural exhibition. C．To visit the museum with his grandmother. D．To watch the Transformers at the theme park. 2．Why does the writer list numbers in the second paragraph? A．To interest readers in museum visits. B．To show the popularity of the exhibition. C．To express the importance of Sanxingdui. D．To provide more information about Sanxingdui. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “appreciation”? A．Education. B．Celebration. C．Admiration. D．Discussion. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Must-visit locations for tourists. B．Popular cities with rich heritage. C．Reasons behind the museum fever. D．Steps taken to improve the service. Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life. But what is the secret? Researchers have found that it is not just one thing, but a mix of several important things that work together. First, a balanced diet is necessary. This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (谷物). In places known for longevity (长寿), like Okinawa, Japan, people often follow the rule to eat until they are 80% full. Second, regular physical activity keeps the body strong. This doesn’t mean heavy exercise. Simple activities like daily walking, gardening, or cycling are very helpful. They help keep a healthy weight and make the heart strong. What’s more, social connections are surprisingly important. Having strong ties with family, friends, and community provides love and support. It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness, which is good for both mental (精神的) and physical health. Another key is having a positive attitude (态度). People who see the bright side of life often live longer. A sense of purpose, like a hobby or caring for family, also adds years to life by giving people a reason to wake up happy each day. Finally, good habits are also necessary. No smoking or drinking is common among the world’s longest-living people. Getting enough quality sleep each night allows the body to repair itself. In a word, the secret to longevity isn’t a magic medicine. It’s a healthy lifestyle with good food, regular movement, strong relationships, a positive mind, and no harmful habits. By following these rules, we can all increase our chances of living a longer, happier life. 1．What do people in Okinawa, Japan usually do to keep healthy? A．Eat as much as they want every meal. B．Stop eating when they feel 80% full. C．Only eat fruits and vegetables daily. D．Do some exercise every day. 2．How do social connections help people live longer? A．By helping them find better jobs. B．By providing love, support, and reducing stress. C．By teaching them how to eat healthily. D．By encouraging them to exercise more. 3．What should you do if you want to live a long life according to the text? ①Keep in touch with family and friends.    ②Take heavy exercise every day. ③Avoid smoking and drinking.    ④Have a positive attitude towards life. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a storybook for young children. B．In a science or health magazine. C．In a history textbook about famous people. D．In a cooking book. Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. The robot dog, about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider, has six legs, which make it more stable and faster on different roads helping it walk safely and smoothly on different roads, including wet and rough surfaces. Now being tested in busy areas of Shanghai, it uses smart cameras and AI to see, listen and speak to blind people simply. It can not only help them with daily trips outside, but also stay with them as a “friend” at home. Blind people can control the robot’s walking and running speed with a special cane, and the robot can even recognize (识别) traffic lights and loud car horns- something real guide dogs are unable to do. Two volunteers are testing it: Li Fei, who is totally blind, and Zhu Sibin, who has low vision (视力). Zhu says the robot dog makes it much easier to move through crowded places than real guide dogs. Li believes it could soon change the daily lives of blind people. In China, about 17.31 million blind people share only 400 real guide dogs. The new robot offers a solution. Lead scientist Professor Gao Peng calls it “a pair of smart eyes” for the blind. He also points out that the robot dog is easy to produce in large numbers, so he thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs in China and abroad. 1．Why do scientists develop the six-legged robot guide dog? A．To improve AI technology in daily life. B．To help blind people with their daily lives. C．To replace all real guide dogs in China. D．To make more money by selling robots. 2．What does the underlined word “stable” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．快速的 B．便捷的 C．智能的 D．稳定的 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The robot guide dog is already in use all over China. B．Real guide dogs are not useful for blind people. C．The robot guide dog may be widely used in the future. D．The robot guide dog is more expensive than real guide dogs. 4．What’s Professor Gao Peng’s attitude towards the robot guide dog? A．Doubtful B．Hopeful C．Uninterested D．Worried The Strait of Hormuz: A Global Energy Lifeline The strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡) is one of the world’s most important waterways. It is the only way connecting the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. It is about 150 kilometers long, and just 33 kilometers wide at its narrowest point. Iran is to the north and Oman and the United Arab Emirates are to the south. Its special location makes it very important for global shipping and trade. As the main road for oil and gas from the Persian Gulf, the strait carries more than 20 percent of the world’s oil trade by sea and a large part of global liquefied natural gas (LNG) (液化天然气) exports. Most of these energy resources are sent to Asian countries, including China, India, Japan and South Korea. It also helps international container trade (国际集装箱贸易) and global supply chains (全球供应链), playing a necessary role in the world economy. In history, the strait has been a bridge for trade and cultural exchange. For thousands of years, businessmen and travelers have crossed its water, connecting different cultures in Western Asia and other areas. Because more and more countries need energy, its importance has grown greatly, making it the world’s most important oil shipping road. Today, the Strait of Hormuz still influences global energy safety and economic stability (稳定). Its special geography, long historical role, and necessary position in international energy transport keep it as one of the world’s most important waterways. 1．Why has the Strait of Hormuz become more important? A．Because more countries need energy around the world. B．Because it is getting wider and longer. C．Because it has more businessmen and travelers. D．Because it starts to sell more oil to other countries. 2．What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．The strait will lose its importance in the future. B．The strait’s geography is not special at all. C．The strait is still one of the most important waterways. D．The strait only influences global energy safety. 3．Which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．Most energy from the strait is sent to European countries. B．The strait is not important for global supply chains. C．Less than 20% of the world’s seaborne oil trade goes through the strait. D．The Strait of Hormuz is the only way to connect the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us how important this important waterway is. B．To ask countries to protect the ocean. C．To explain how to make global energy safer. D．To show how international shipping develops. ①On March 15, 2026, the yearly “3·15 Gala” was held in Beijing. With the theme of “Safe Consumption (消费), Quality Life”, the gala exposed (曝光) several serious cases of consumer cheating. These cases hurt people’s interests. Right after the show, market regulators (监管部门) took quick action to look into these cases. Many people watched the gala on TV and shared the news online, asking for stronger protection of consumer rights. ②One shocking case was about “bleached (漂白的) chicken feet”. Reporters found workers in some factories in Sichuan and Chongqing used hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢), a harmful chemical, to make chicken feet look clean. The production areas were dirty, and chicken feet were even put on the ground. A worker said they never ate their own products. Using this chemical is not allowed, because it is bad for people’s liver (肝脏) and kidneys  (肾脏) if eaten for a long time. ③Another case was about “miracle (神奇的) anti-aging (抗衰) products”, which are popular in the beauty market for many women. However, these products are still in the early research stage. No such products have been officially approved (批准) for sale in China. Some illegal companies made “three-no” products (三无产品) and even used fake licenses to cheat consumers. This led to many complaints (投诉) and doctor warnings about their great danger. ④The gala also exposed tricks for old people: some companies bought cheap health products, made fake videos with actors pretending to be famous doctors, and sold them at 5 times the market price. This made many old people lose their savings. ⑤After the gala, local regulators acted quickly: Chongqing looked into the chicken feet factories and ordered them to stop production and recall (召回) products. The government promised to protect people’s rights. ⑥As responsible consumers, we should learn to protect ourselves in daily life: check product approval carefully, don’t believe in “magic cures” easily, warn our parents and grandparents about these tricks, and call 12315 to complain right away if something is wrong. Our rights are important, and we can work together to make the market safer for everyone. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All anti-aging products are safe for people to use. B．The “3·15” Gala is held once every two years in China. C．Some companies cheat the elderly with fake doctor videos. D．Consumers should keep silent when they find fake products. 2．Which sentence uses “fake” with the same meaning as the underlined word? fake  ①v. (动词)伪造；假装  ②adj. (形容词)假的；伪造的  ③n. (名词)假货；骗子 A．The man wanted to fake a signature to get money. B．We should say no to fake goods in our daily life. C．The police caught the fake who sold bad medicine. D．Don’t fake to be happy when you are really sad. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce how the 3·15 Gala is made. B．To call on people to protect their own consumer rights. C．To show how to produce safe and healthy food and products. D．To teach companies how to get official licenses for their products. 4．What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． Seeing someone who appears to be walking on a cloud might sound like a dream. But you can find this sight in the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia. What’s special about the salar (盐湖) is that this thin pool goes on for miles, creating a seemingly endless natural “mirror”. About 40,000 years ago, the area was a large basin — a low place with mountains around. As it rained, the mountains stopped the rainwater from running away and the rainwater stayed and collected there, forming a huge lake. The lake had plenty of salt inside. Over thousands of years, as the climate became drier, the huge lake slowly dried up. After it dried, a layer (层) of salt was left on the surface. Now, the area is still a salt flat. When the salt was covered with a thin layer of water, the endless natural “mirror” was created. With about 10 billion tons of salt lying around, it’s no surprise that the salt here is a big business. But the real treasure lies under the ground. Lithium (锂), also called “the white gold”, is found under the salt. It is used to make smartphones. Besides salt and lithium, tourism also brings a lot of money. Every year, thousands of visitors come to see the amazing natural mirror. However, the growing number of visitors is causing problems. Some visitors leave rubbish behind. Others walk on the salt in the wrong way and compromise the thin water layer that creates the “mirror”. If these problems are not solved, the salar may lose its magic one day. 1．Which order shows how the Salar de Uyuni formed? a. The huge lake dried up slowly. b. A layer of salt appeared on the surface. c. Rainwater collected and formed a huge lake. d. There was a large basin with mountains around. A．d → c → a → b B．c → d → b → a C．c → a → b → d D．d → a → b → c 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the third paragraph? A．Lithium is found on top of the salt. B．Salt is not very important to the local business. C．Tourism brings little money to the area. D．People use lithium to make smartphones. 3．The underlined word “compromise” in the last paragraph probably means “________” A．keep… safe B．put… into danger C．make… clean D．bring… back to life 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Magic Natural “Mirror” in Bolivia B．Environmental Protection in Bolivia C．Lithium: The White Gold D．Travel Tips for Salar de Uyuni Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical﹣melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are more likely to develop seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think,  “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits. B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 2．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 3．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man﹣made lights 4．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D． D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. Have you ever imagined having a personal assistant (助手) that can organize your files (文件) and send emails just by your words? Now, this is becoming a reality with OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent tool that has recently taken the tech world by storm. OpenClaw gets its unusual name from its logo-a red lobster (龙虾). Chinese netizens (网民) lovingly call it “raising a lobster” when they train and use it. Unlike traditional AI chatbots (聊天机器人) like ChatGPT that only give advice, OpenClaw can actually take action. Once it is allowed to work on your computer, it can fully take over different software to complete tasks. You can think of it as hiring a digital employee (员工). OpenClaw was independently developed by an Austrian developer named Peter Steinberger. It became popular in early 2026. What makes it special? Firstly, its code (代码) was 100% written by AI. Secondly, it brings a new way for humans and computers to work together. It can run all day and night on your local computer and do tasks by itself. ________ It requires some technical knowledge to set up. This difficulty has created a new business chance. On online markets where people sell used things, many people offer “lobster installation (安装)” services. The prices range from 300 to 800 yuan each time, with 500 yuan being the most common. Some people have reportedly made 260,000 yuan in just a few days by offering such services. Though it is very popular, OpenClaw comes with hidden dangers. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has warned about its safety risks. When not properly installed, OpenClaw can easily cause network attacks (攻击) or giving away of information. There have been real cases where the AI didn’t understand orders and deleted important files. A Meta AI security leader lost over 200 important emails when her OpenClaw assistant cleared her whole mailbox. Another user’s graduation paper was mistakenly deleted because the AI thought it was “rubbish”. While OpenClaw shows us the exciting future of AI, it also reminds us to be careful. As one expert says, “It’s a powerful tool, but we must learn to control it before it controls us.” 1．According to the passage, what is OpenClaw? A．A traditional AI chatbot similar to ChatGPT. B．A new type of app that can organize files by itself. C．A red lobster logo that has become popular on the Internet. D．An open - source AI agent tool that can perform tasks on a computer. 2．Which of the following shows the use of OpenClaw? A．Giving only online advice to users. B．Organizing files and sending emails. C．Providing free installation services. D．Completing all computer tasks without human agreement. 3．Which of the following can be best put in the ________? A．Luckily, everyone is able to use OpenClaw. B．Besides, OpenClaw is very popular among Chinese netizens. C．However, using OpenClaw is not as easy as talking to a chatbot. D．Unluckily, almost all people give up installing OpenClaw because of the difficulty. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why AI tools are better than humans. B．To teach people how to use OpenClaw correctly and safely. C．To introduce a popular AI tool and remind people of its risks. D．To show how to make money by providing “lobster installation” services. On January 4th, the China National Traditional Orchestra (中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences (观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds of guzheng, the powerful tones of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story. “I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tone, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, one of the audiences of the concert. However, a recent report suggests the number of traditional music listeners is dropping. To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done. In some traditional music concerts, VR (虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the starry sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie. Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing and operas with Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them! Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the East meets the West, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young. Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen. 1．How many traditional Chinese musical instruments are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pipa can produce the most sounds in nature. B．Chinese music has a longer history than western music. C．Fewer people show interest in traditional music recently. D．Different musical instruments can tell the stories in the same way. 3．To wake up people’s love for traditional music, Li Xiaobing ________. A．tells many tearful stories with Chinese instruments B．makes good 3D movies with VR technology C．mixes traditional folk singing and operas with Chinese instruments D．brings modern music into traditional music 4．According to the passage, the writer believes ________. A．traditional music should only be played in concerts B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular 重难语篇练习 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an ancient way of health care in China with a history of thousands of years. It is quite different from modern hospital medicine. TCM focuses on keeping Yin and Yang in balance and making sure the body’s energy runs well. It uses natural methods to help people stay healthy and fight off the illness. One of the most famous parts of TCM is herbs. For example, if we cough, TCM-trained doctors might give us tea made from herbs, which can help our throat feel better. Another part of TCM is acupuncture. Acupuncture uses thin needles (针) that are gently put into our skin. Though it may sound scary, it’s not painful at all. Besides these, TCM also values a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating habits. TCM doctors believe these good habits can help people stay healthy and avoid getting sick. _________. A TCM hospital in Heihe, Heilongjiang Province, has become a popular place for Russian patients. A Russian woman, Yelena, had back problems for years. She felt much better after only two TCM treatments, and she now deeply believes in TCM. To serve the needs of its growing international patients, the hospital now has a medical team of doctors who can speak both Chinese and Russian. Russian patients can make appointments (预约) online with their passports and get medical help during their visit. Besides Russia, other countries also show great interest in TCM. For example, a Canadian college is partnering with a TCM hospital in Sanya to set up a new treatment center. TCM is not only for patients, more and more young people in cities are developing a love for TCM. Some hospitals offer herbal tea to help people lose weight. In Shanghai, TCM ice cream is an unexpected hit with young people. Also, many young people are learning to do exercises like Baduanjin from social media videos to stay fit. TCM comes from the past but also keeps up with the times. Now it has a new look and connects people around the world in modern ways. 1．What can we know about acupuncture from the text? A．It often uses thick needles. B．It can cause a lot of pain. C．It can stop the illness right away. D．It looks scary but it doesn’t hurt at all. 2．Which of the following can be best put into ________ in Paragraph 3? A．The steps of TCM treatment are simple. B．TCM is deeply loved by Chinese people. C．TCM is getting popular around the world. D．More TCM doctors are needed in Heilongjiang. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Young people learn Baduanjin online to treat illness. B．Few young people in Shanghai love TCM ice cream. C．More and more young people are interested in TCM. D．Some young people do acupuncture to lose weight. 4．What is the writing purpose of this text? A．To describe how TCM deals with health problems. B．To tell us the long history of traditional Chinese medicine. C．To explain why TCM is better than modern hospital medicine. D．To introduce TCM and its growing influence around the world. Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort (分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles (角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born 3 years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation (代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city,” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．The main purpose of the smart rubbish bin invented by the students is ________. A．to reduce the cost of waste collection B．to help people sort waste correctly using AI C．to collect more waste from the public D．to replace all human workers in waste management 2．The students train the AI system for the bin by ________. A．writing a computer program B．reading books about waste sorting C．asking villagers for advice D．taking hundreds of pictures 3．Why were the students inspired to invent the smart bin? A．Because of the problem of too much rubbish. B．Because of their school project requirement. C．Because of a competition they wanted to win. D．Because of their teacher’s suggestion. 4．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the bin is now in its fourth generation B．the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at home C．people will recycle and protect the environment more easily D．the bin can’t be widely used in the city The Ministry of Education (教育部) has put forward the important idea that health comes first, reminding us that good health is the base (基础) of students’ all-round development. Without a healthy body and mind, we can neither study well nor grow up happily. Therefore, as students, it is our duty to take action and do our part to stay healthy. There are many practical things we students can do to keep healthy. First of all, we should develop good eating habits. We should eat more vegetables and fruits every day, which are full of vitamins (维他命). We’d better drink enough water, and stay away from junk food, which is bad for our bodies. Second, we must take enough physical exercise every day. We can actively take part in PE classes at school, run for 20 minutes every morning before class, or play ball games with our classmates after school. Doing exercise not only makes our bodies strong, but also helps stop myopia (近视) and relax our minds after long hours of study. Finally, we should pay attention to both our physical and mental health. We need to go to bed early and get up early, never staying up late to finish homework or play with phones. When we feel stressed from study, we can talk to our teachers or classmates, listen to light music or do some sports to let go of pressure. Keeping a positive attitude (积极的态度) is also very important for our mental health. In short, keeping healthy is not difficult for us students. By doing these simple things, we can keep our bodies strong and our minds positive, and grow up healthily and happily. 1．According to the passage, what is the base of students’ all-round development? A．Good grades. B．Good health. C．Much money. D．Much free time. 2．Which of the following is not a good eating habit? A．Taking in vitamins. B．Drinking enough water. C．Eating lots of junk food. D．Eating vegetables and fruits. 3．What can exercise help us do according to Paragraph 3? A．It makes us fat. B．It helps stop myopia. C．It makes us study worse. D．It makes us feel more tired. 4．What should we do when we feel stressed? A．Play with phones all night. B．Stay alone and say nothing. C．Talk to teachers or classmates. D．Finish homework quickly without rest. Whether it’s about politics, health or society, the online world is full of misinformation (错误信息), and it can have a serious influence on how people see the world. The problem has become worse with new AI tools easily creating lifelike images, videos and text that can be used to share fake (假的) information. And there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news — so what exactly is going on? One of the reasons is “confirmation bias (确认偏见)”, which refers to how we usually believe things that confirm a belief we already have. Similar to this is a “familiarity bias (熟悉偏见)”, which is how we are also more likely to believe something if we see or hear it a lot. There is also “availability bias (可得性偏见)” — we tend to believe things that are easy to remember. A lot of misinformation is sensational (耸人听闻的) and shocking, so our brains remember it more easily. The way social media works has made it perfect for spreading misinformation too. Research has found that posts (帖子) that cause a lot of strong negative (负面的) feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral (中立的) or positive posts. Algorithms (算法) reward people’s likes, comments and shares. So getting a lot of likes, comments and shares will often mean a post gets shown to more people — whether or not it has true information. This can mean misinformation gets spread and repeated very quickly. This also means that even if you comment on a post to challenge or fact-check it, you may end up helping bring the misinformation to more people. So what can you do to protect yourself and your community from misinformation? Take time to check if the information is true before you share it, especially if it seems really shocking. Ask yourself if the person or organization that posted it has any biases or if they are really an expert on the topic. Then look for the same facts on other trusted websites. And if you still have doubts—don’t like, comment or share! 1．What does the underlined part “fall for” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Understand. B．Forget. C．Discover. D．Believe. 2．How does the writer show what kind of posts get more attention in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 3．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Shocking news is always worth sharing. B．Algorithms help spread true information. C．We should check a post before sharing it. D．We should comment to correct fake news. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Social Media Problems B．Why People Believe Fake News C．How to Check Information Online D．How AI Creates Fake News Online Humpback whales are large animals that live in the ocean. They like to spend their summers eating food in cold waters and then travel to warm areas in winter to give birth to their babies. These warm areas provide the right temperature for the whales and their babies. The warm waters are mostly free of animals that hunt whales, and are more comfortable for the baby whales that do not have much fat yet. The Earth is getting warmer because of things people do, like driving cars, cutting down trees and running factories. This warming makes the ocean hotter, too. Baby whales are born in water that is between 21℃ and 28℃ (like a nice warm bath), which helps them to grow and gain weight rapidly. But if the ocean gets hotter than this, the whales might have to move away. It will bring trouble to humpback whales because they have certain favourite places where they like to return every year. Humpback whales have an impact on the health of the ocean. When whales swim, they mix up the water, helping tiny plants to grow. These plants play a key role in the food chain and help produce oxygen. They feed lots of other ocean animals and make some of the oxygen we breathe. Also, when whales die and go down to the bottom of the ocean, they help trap carbon (吸收碳). This keeps the planet cooler. If the ocean becomes too warm, it will change how sea life survives and finds food. Whale watching provides jobs for boat operators, tour guides and even scientists who help educate the public. This industry supports businesses, such as restaurants and hotels in many coastal towns. For example, in places like Hawaii, whale watching is a major tourist attraction that helps communities’ development. 1．Why do humpback whales travel to warm areas in winter? A．To have their babies. B．To find plenty of food. C．To mix up the water. D．To attack other ocean animals. 2．What will happen if the ocean temperature stays above 28℃? A．The baby whales will grow better. B．The whales will lose weight quickly. C．The whales may be forced to run away. D．More tiny plants will grow in the ocean. 3．What does “impact” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A gentle touch or push. B．The speed of a moving object. C．The sound made by a falling object. D．The powerful influence on something. 4．What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph? A．Why the ocean is getting warmer. B．Why humpback whales are in trouble. C．How we can protect humpback whales. D．How humpback whales influence the ocean. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （浙江专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共10篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Being overweight is harmful to health. It can increase the risk of diseases such as heart problems and high blood pressure. China has made a three-year weight management plan to help people control weight. So, do you know how to manage your weight? Both what you eat and how you eat are very important. You should eat meals at regular (有规律的) times. Have breakfast every day and finish dinner by 7 p.m. Avoid snacks, fried food and drinks with lots of sugar. Eat until you’re 70% full and eat slowly. Begin your meal with vegetables, then meat, and finally rice or noodles. This helps to control how much you eat. Exercise is as crucial as eating. Try to exercise for 150 to 300 minutes each week such as walking, swimming or bike riding, along with strength (力量) training twice a week. If you sit for too long, stand up and move for 3 to 5 minutes every hour. Also, get enough sleep, about 7 hours a night. What’s more, some cities have already set up special “weight management clinics (门诊)” in hospitals. In order to help people lose weight safely, some experts can provide people with advice on diet, exercise plans and Traditional Chinese Medicine methods. Schools are encouraged to teach students about healthy eating. Families, hotels, and other places can also provide support for weight management. Even AI technology might be used to improve personal weight management. Experts remind us that weight management is not a short-term goal. It’s a lifelong habit. Let’s work together for a healthier future. 1．Why has China made a three-year weight management plan? A．To do medical research. B．To improve students’ diet. C．To encourage people to relax. D．To help people control weight. 2．According to the passage, what’s Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Basic table manners. B．Healthy eating habits. C．Useful cooking skills. D．Scientific exercise plans. 3．The underlined word “crucial” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．important B．popular C．convenient D．available 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了超重的危害，讲解了饮食、运动、作息方面的体重管理方法，并说明社会多方助力体重管理，强调体重管理是终身健康习惯。 1．第一段“China has made a three-year weight management plan to help people control weight.”说明中国推出三年体重管理计划是为了帮助人们控制体重。 2．第二段“Both what you eat and how you eat are very important…This helps to control how much you eat.”主要讲解健康饮食习惯。 3．第三段“Exercise is as crucial as eating.”结合第二段“Both what you eat and how you eat are very important.”说明运动和饮食一样至关重要，crucial与important同义。 4．第①段引出话题：如何科学管理体重；第②-④段分别讲解了饮食、运动、作息方面的体重管理方法；第⑤段总结升华，对应D项。 For Li Jin, a primary school student from Beijing, an exhibition on Sanxingdui is more eye-catching than the Transformers (变形金刚) at the theme park Universal Beijing Resort. The 9-year-old became interested in the history and culture of Sanxingdui three years ago after reading about it in a library book. After learning about the exhibition, he included it in his summer vacation plans at once. Even in the face of the summer heat and long lines, hundreds of thousands of people, including Li and his grandmother, rushed to the exhibition titled “Unveiling Sanxingdui of Ancient Shu civilization” held at a museum in Beijing. Soon after its opening, the daily visitors to this exhibition reached as high as 16,000 on weekdays. On weekends, the number increased to an amazing 33,000. Beijing’s cultural exhibition on Sanxingdui reflects this year’s museum fever in China during the summer vacation period. Driven by a love for museums, the appreciation of history and ancient civilizations has become a cultural phenomenon (现象). Cultural and historical museums, along with cities that have a rich heritage (遗产), have become must-visit locations for many tourists, said Dai Bin, head of the China Tourism Academy. To better meet the growing needs of tourists, many museums in Beijing, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Hunan have decided to close late. Also, nighttime events have been held in cities like Shanghai and Changzhou, providing the young people with special tour experiences. “Night tours in museums bring more fun to children’s nightlife and make it meaningful,” said a father from Changzhou. 1．What is Li Jin’s plan for his summer vacation according to Paragraph One? A．To read more books in the library. B．To see the cultural exhibition. C．To visit the museum with his grandmother. D．To watch the Transformers at the theme park. 2．Why does the writer list numbers in the second paragraph? A．To interest readers in museum visits. B．To show the popularity of the exhibition. C．To express the importance of Sanxingdui. D．To provide more information about Sanxingdui. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “appreciation”? A．Education. B．Celebration. C．Admiration. D．Discussion. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Must-visit locations for tourists. B．Popular cities with rich heritage. C．Reasons behind the museum fever. D．Steps taken to improve the service. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了北京小学生李金因对三星堆文化产生兴趣而参观相关展览，并由此引出暑期“博物馆热”这一文化现象。 1．第一段明确指出：“After learning about the exhibition, he included it in his summer vacation plans at once.” 说明李金的暑假计划是去看文化展览。 2．第二段列举了展览在工作日和周末的参观人数（工作日每天16000人，周末达33000人），并用“hundreds of thousands of people rushed to the exhibition”来描述人们顶着酷暑和长队参观的热情。这些数字是为了证明展览非常受欢迎。 3．第三段指出：“Driven by a love for museums, the appreciation of history and ancient civilizations has become a cultural phenomenon.” 结合上下文，人们对历史和古代文明的“appreciation”是对其欣赏和喜爱，与“admiration”（钦佩、欣赏）意思最接近。 4．最后一段主要介绍了各地博物馆为满足游客需求而采取的措施：“many museums have decided to close late”“nighttime events have been held”“providing the young people with special tour experiences”。因此本段主要讲的是为改善服务而采取的步骤。 Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life. But what is the secret? Researchers have found that it is not just one thing, but a mix of several important things that work together. First, a balanced diet is necessary. This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (谷物). In places known for longevity (长寿), like Okinawa, Japan, people often follow the rule to eat until they are 80% full. Second, regular physical activity keeps the body strong. This doesn’t mean heavy exercise. Simple activities like daily walking, gardening, or cycling are very helpful. They help keep a healthy weight and make the heart strong. What’s more, social connections are surprisingly important. Having strong ties with family, friends, and community provides love and support. It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness, which is good for both mental (精神的) and physical health. Another key is having a positive attitude (态度). People who see the bright side of life often live longer. A sense of purpose, like a hobby or caring for family, also adds years to life by giving people a reason to wake up happy each day. Finally, good habits are also necessary. No smoking or drinking is common among the world’s longest-living people. Getting enough quality sleep each night allows the body to repair itself. In a word, the secret to longevity isn’t a magic medicine. It’s a healthy lifestyle with good food, regular movement, strong relationships, a positive mind, and no harmful habits. By following these rules, we can all increase our chances of living a longer, happier life. 1．What do people in Okinawa, Japan usually do to keep healthy? A．Eat as much as they want every meal. B．Stop eating when they feel 80% full. C．Only eat fruits and vegetables daily. D．Do some exercise every day. 2．How do social connections help people live longer? A．By helping them find better jobs. B．By providing love, support, and reducing stress. C．By teaching them how to eat healthily. D．By encouraging them to exercise more. 3．What should you do if you want to live a long life according to the text? ①Keep in touch with family and friends.    ②Take heavy exercise every day. ③Avoid smoking and drinking.    ④Have a positive attitude towards life. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 4．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a storybook for young children. B．In a science or health magazine. C．In a history textbook about famous people. D．In a cooking book. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了健康长寿的秘诀，从均衡饮食、规律运动、社交联结、积极心态、良好习惯五个方面，说明了多种健康生活方式共同作用，才能提升长寿的概率。 1．第二段明确指出：“In places known for longevity, like Okinawa, Japan, people often follow the rule to eat until they are 80% full.”，直接说明日本冲绳的长寿人群遵循 “吃到八分饱就停止进食” 的健康习惯。 2．第四段说明“Having strong ties with family, friends, and community provides love and support. It reduces stress and feelings of loneliness, which is good for both mental and physical health.”，直接点明社交联结通过提供爱与支持、减轻压力和孤独感，帮助人们更长寿。 3．逐一对应原文信息：①Keep in touch with family and friends.（与家人朋友保持联系）：对应第四段“social connections”，正确；②Take heavy exercise every day.（每天高强度锻炼）：第三段明确提到“This doesn’t mean heavy exercise.”，错误；③Avoid smoking and drinking.（避免吸烟饮酒）：对应第六段“No smoking or drinking is common among the world’s longest-living people.”，正确；④Have a positive attitude towards life.（保持积极心态）：对应第五段“Another key is having a positive attitude.”，正确。因此正确组合为①③④。 4．本文围绕健康长寿的生活方式展开，属于健康科普类内容，最可能出现在科学或健康杂志中。 Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot “guide dog” to help blind people. The robot dog, about the size of an English bulldog but a little wider, has six legs, which make it more stable and faster on different roads helping it walk safely and smoothly on different roads, including wet and rough surfaces. Now being tested in busy areas of Shanghai, it uses smart cameras and AI to see, listen and speak to blind people simply. It can not only help them with daily trips outside, but also stay with them as a “friend” at home. Blind people can control the robot’s walking and running speed with a special cane, and the robot can even recognize (识别) traffic lights and loud car horns- something real guide dogs are unable to do. Two volunteers are testing it: Li Fei, who is totally blind, and Zhu Sibin, who has low vision (视力). Zhu says the robot dog makes it much easier to move through crowded places than real guide dogs. Li believes it could soon change the daily lives of blind people. In China, about 17.31 million blind people share only 400 real guide dogs. The new robot offers a solution. Lead scientist Professor Gao Peng calls it “a pair of smart eyes” for the blind. He also points out that the robot dog is easy to produce in large numbers, so he thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs in China and abroad. 1．Why do scientists develop the six-legged robot guide dog? A．To improve AI technology in daily life. B．To help blind people with their daily lives. C．To replace all real guide dogs in China. D．To make more money by selling robots. 2．What does the underlined word “stable” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．快速的 B．便捷的 C．智能的 D．稳定的 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The robot guide dog is already in use all over China. B．Real guide dogs are not useful for blind people. C．The robot guide dog may be widely used in the future. D．The robot guide dog is more expensive than real guide dogs. 4．What’s Professor Gao Peng’s attitude towards the robot guide dog? A．Doubtful B．Hopeful C．Uninterested D．Worried 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海交通大学科学家正在研发的六足机器人“导盲犬”，它能协助盲人日常生活，具备多种优势，有望在中国及国外拥有广阔市场。 1．文章第一段“Scientists from China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University are developing a robot ‘guide dog’ to help blind people.”表明科学家研发六足机器人导盲犬是为了帮助盲人日常生活。 2．文章第一段“has six legs, which make it more stable and faster on different roads helping it walk safely and smoothly on different roads, including wet and rough surfaces.”提到六条腿能让机器人在不同道路上更稳定、更快地行走，结合“safely and smoothly”可推断“stable”意思是“稳定的”。 3．文章最后一段“He also points out that the robot dog is easy to produce in large numbers, so he thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs in China and abroad.”说明机器人导盲犬易于大量生产，在中国和国外可能有很大市场，由此可推断机器人导盲犬未来可能会被广泛使用。 4．文章最后一段“Lead scientist Professor Gao Peng calls it ‘a pair of smart eyes’ for the blind. He also points out that the robot dog is easy to produce in large numbers, so he thinks there could be a large market for these robot dogs in China and abroad.”中高鹏教授称其为盲人的“一双智能眼睛”，还指出易于大量生产且国内外可能有大市场，这表明他对机器人导盲犬持充满希望的态度。 The Strait of Hormuz: A Global Energy Lifeline The strait of Hormuz (霍尔木兹海峡) is one of the world’s most important waterways. It is the only way connecting the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean. It is about 150 kilometers long, and just 33 kilometers wide at its narrowest point. Iran is to the north and Oman and the United Arab Emirates are to the south. Its special location makes it very important for global shipping and trade. As the main road for oil and gas from the Persian Gulf, the strait carries more than 20 percent of the world’s oil trade by sea and a large part of global liquefied natural gas (LNG) (液化天然气) exports. Most of these energy resources are sent to Asian countries, including China, India, Japan and South Korea. It also helps international container trade (国际集装箱贸易) and global supply chains (全球供应链), playing a necessary role in the world economy. In history, the strait has been a bridge for trade and cultural exchange. For thousands of years, businessmen and travelers have crossed its water, connecting different cultures in Western Asia and other areas. Because more and more countries need energy, its importance has grown greatly, making it the world’s most important oil shipping road. Today, the Strait of Hormuz still influences global energy safety and economic stability (稳定). Its special geography, long historical role, and necessary position in international energy transport keep it as one of the world’s most important waterways. 1．Why has the Strait of Hormuz become more important? A．Because more countries need energy around the world. B．Because it is getting wider and longer. C．Because it has more businessmen and travelers. D．Because it starts to sell more oil to other countries. 2．What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．The strait will lose its importance in the future. B．The strait’s geography is not special at all. C．The strait is still one of the most important waterways. D．The strait only influences global energy safety. 3．Which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．Most energy from the strait is sent to European countries. B．The strait is not important for global supply chains. C．Less than 20% of the world’s seaborne oil trade goes through the strait. D．The Strait of Hormuz is the only way to connect the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us how important this important waterway is. B．To ask countries to protect the ocean. C．To explain how to make global energy safer. D．To show how international shipping develops. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了霍尔木兹海峡的地理位置、通航规模、历史作用，阐明其作为全球能源生命线，对世界能源安全与经济稳定的核心重要性。 1．第三段第三句“Because more and more countries need energy, its importance has grown greatly…” 原文直接说明，全球各国对能源的需求增长，是霍尔木兹海峡重要性提升的原因。 2．第四段最后一句“ …keep it as one of the world's most important waterways”。三、最后一段总结全文，明确霍尔木兹海峡至今仍是全球最重要的水道之一。 3．第一段第二句“It is the only way connecting the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean”。原文明确霍尔木兹海峡是波斯湾连通印度洋的唯一通道。 4．标题“The Strait of Hormuz: A Global Energy Lifeline”，以及各段核心句（如…very important for global shipping and trade /…playing a necessary role in the world economy /…still influences global energy safety…）全文围绕霍尔木兹海峡的重要性展开，核心目的是向读者说明这条水道的全球战略价值。 ①On March 15, 2026, the yearly “3·15 Gala” was held in Beijing. With the theme of “Safe Consumption (消费), Quality Life”, the gala exposed (曝光) several serious cases of consumer cheating. These cases hurt people’s interests. Right after the show, market regulators (监管部门) took quick action to look into these cases. Many people watched the gala on TV and shared the news online, asking for stronger protection of consumer rights. ②One shocking case was about “bleached (漂白的) chicken feet”. Reporters found workers in some factories in Sichuan and Chongqing used hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢), a harmful chemical, to make chicken feet look clean. The production areas were dirty, and chicken feet were even put on the ground. A worker said they never ate their own products. Using this chemical is not allowed, because it is bad for people’s liver (肝脏) and kidneys  (肾脏) if eaten for a long time. ③Another case was about “miracle (神奇的) anti-aging (抗衰) products”, which are popular in the beauty market for many women. However, these products are still in the early research stage. No such products have been officially approved (批准) for sale in China. Some illegal companies made “three-no” products (三无产品) and even used fake licenses to cheat consumers. This led to many complaints (投诉) and doctor warnings about their great danger. ④The gala also exposed tricks for old people: some companies bought cheap health products, made fake videos with actors pretending to be famous doctors, and sold them at 5 times the market price. This made many old people lose their savings. ⑤After the gala, local regulators acted quickly: Chongqing looked into the chicken feet factories and ordered them to stop production and recall (召回) products. The government promised to protect people’s rights. ⑥As responsible consumers, we should learn to protect ourselves in daily life: check product approval carefully, don’t believe in “magic cures” easily, warn our parents and grandparents about these tricks, and call 12315 to complain right away if something is wrong. Our rights are important, and we can work together to make the market safer for everyone. 1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．All anti-aging products are safe for people to use. B．The “3·15” Gala is held once every two years in China. C．Some companies cheat the elderly with fake doctor videos. D．Consumers should keep silent when they find fake products. 2．Which sentence uses “fake” with the same meaning as the underlined word? fake  ①v. (动词)伪造；假装  ②adj. (形容词)假的；伪造的  ③n. (名词)假货；骗子 A．The man wanted to fake a signature to get money. B．We should say no to fake goods in our daily life. C．The police caught the fake who sold bad medicine. D．Don’t fake to be happy when you are really sad. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce how the 3·15 Gala is made. B．To call on people to protect their own consumer rights. C．To show how to produce safe and healthy food and products. D．To teach companies how to get official licenses for their products. 4．What is the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2026年“3·15”晚会曝光的消费侵权案例、监管部门的行动，并呼吁消费者学会保护自身权益。 1．第④段“The gala also exposed tricks for old people: some companies bought cheap health products, made fake videos with actors pretending to be famous doctors, and sold them at 5 times the market price.”说明针对老年人的骗局中，商家会找演员假扮名医制作假视频骗老人，C项表述正确。 2．第③段“... and even used fake licenses to cheat consumers.”表明，划线词fake是形容词，修饰名词licenses，意为“假的；伪造的”，B项中fake也是形容词，修饰名词goods，意为“假的”，与文中用法一致。 3．文章介绍了“3·15”晚会曝光的消费侵权案例，在结尾呼吁消费者“learn to protect ourselves in daily life”“call 12315 to complain right away”，核心目的是号召人们保护自身消费者权益。 4．①段总起，介绍3·15晚会曝光消费欺诈的背景；②③④段分别介绍三起不同的消费欺诈案件；⑤段介绍晚会后监管部门的后续行动；⑥段总结，给消费者提出建议、发出呼吁。 Seeing someone who appears to be walking on a cloud might sound like a dream. But you can find this sight in the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia. What’s special about the salar (盐湖) is that this thin pool goes on for miles, creating a seemingly endless natural “mirror”. About 40,000 years ago, the area was a large basin — a low place with mountains around. As it rained, the mountains stopped the rainwater from running away and the rainwater stayed and collected there, forming a huge lake. The lake had plenty of salt inside. Over thousands of years, as the climate became drier, the huge lake slowly dried up. After it dried, a layer (层) of salt was left on the surface. Now, the area is still a salt flat. When the salt was covered with a thin layer of water, the endless natural “mirror” was created. With about 10 billion tons of salt lying around, it’s no surprise that the salt here is a big business. But the real treasure lies under the ground. Lithium (锂), also called “the white gold”, is found under the salt. It is used to make smartphones. Besides salt and lithium, tourism also brings a lot of money. Every year, thousands of visitors come to see the amazing natural mirror. However, the growing number of visitors is causing problems. Some visitors leave rubbish behind. Others walk on the salt in the wrong way and compromise the thin water layer that creates the “mirror”. If these problems are not solved, the salar may lose its magic one day. 1．Which order shows how the Salar de Uyuni formed? a. The huge lake dried up slowly. b. A layer of salt appeared on the surface. c. Rainwater collected and formed a huge lake. d. There was a large basin with mountains around. A．d → c → a → b B．c → d → b → a C．c → a → b → d D．d → a → b → c 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the third paragraph? A．Lithium is found on top of the salt. B．Salt is not very important to the local business. C．Tourism brings little money to the area. D．People use lithium to make smartphones. 3．The underlined word “compromise” in the last paragraph probably means “________” A．keep… safe B．put… into danger C．make… clean D．bring… back to life 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Magic Natural “Mirror” in Bolivia B．Environmental Protection in Bolivia C．Lithium: The White Gold D．Travel Tips for Salar de Uyuni 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了玻利维亚的乌尤尼盐沼的形成。当盐层被浅水覆盖时，形成了无边无际的自然“镜面”。文章还提到了盐矿开采、地下的锂资源以及旅游业带来的经济效益和游客造成的环境问题。 1．第二段中提到：该地区曾是一个被山环绕的大盆地 (d)；雨水聚集形成一个大湖 (c)；随着气候变干，大湖慢慢干涸 (a)；干涸后表面留下一层盐 (b)。所以正确顺序为d→c→a→b，选项A“d→c→a→b”正确。 2．第三段中提到“Lithium... is used to make smartphones.”，这说明锂被用来制造智能手机，所以选项D“People use lithium to make smartphones.”正确。 3．最后一段中提到“Others walk on the salt in the wrong way and compromise the thin water layer that creates the ‘mirror’.”，表示“其他人以错误的方式在盐上行走，______形成‘镜面’的薄水层”。结合后文“If these problems are not solved, the salar may lose its magic one day.”，说明错误行走会破坏水层，所以“compromise”意为“使……处于危险/破坏”，选项B“put...into danger”正确。 4．全文围绕玻利维亚乌尤尼盐沼展开，介绍了其形成过程、自然奇观“镜面”、盐和锂资源、旅游业以及面临的环境问题，核心是这一神奇的自然“镜面”，所以选项A“The Magic Natural ‘Mirror’ in Bolivia”最合适。 Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical﹣melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are more likely to develop seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think,  “Why do we love sunshine?” 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits. B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 2．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 3．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man﹣made lights 4．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D． D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文探讨了阳光如何影响人们的情绪和健康。阳光能促进体内产生使人心情愉悦的血清素和有益健康的维生素D，而黑暗则会促使产生帮助睡眠的褪黑激素。介绍了季节性情绪失调（SAD）及其治疗方法，并鼓励人们多接触阳光。 1．第二段提到 “Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素).” 以及 “At night... your body produces another chemical﹣melatonin (褪黑激素).” 并解释了这两种化学物质分别如何影响人的精神状态和睡眠。因此，该段主要讲述了光线如何通过化学物质影响人体。 2．观点（opinion）是作者个人的看法或判断，而非客观事实。第三段提到 “That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine.”（这就是为什么人们认为那些人应该到户外晒太阳。）这句话提出了一个建议，属于观点。 3．第四段提到季节性情绪失调（SAD）患者最常见的治疗方法是 “to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time”（坐在明亮的人工灯光下一段时间）。Jack是SAD患者，根据文章，他应该使用人造光源来解决问题。 4．文章最后一段首先总结了阳光的其他作用（如产生维生素D），然后说 “In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover.”（事实上，还有更多关于阳光的科学知识等待你去发现。）紧接着提出了问题 “Why do we love sunshine?”。这个问题的目的是为了激发读者的好奇心，鼓励他们去探索和学习更多关于阳光的知识。 Have you ever imagined having a personal assistant (助手) that can organize your files (文件) and send emails just by your words? Now, this is becoming a reality with OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent tool that has recently taken the tech world by storm. OpenClaw gets its unusual name from its logo-a red lobster (龙虾). Chinese netizens (网民) lovingly call it “raising a lobster” when they train and use it. Unlike traditional AI chatbots (聊天机器人) like ChatGPT that only give advice, OpenClaw can actually take action. Once it is allowed to work on your computer, it can fully take over different software to complete tasks. You can think of it as hiring a digital employee (员工). OpenClaw was independently developed by an Austrian developer named Peter Steinberger. It became popular in early 2026. What makes it special? Firstly, its code (代码) was 100% written by AI. Secondly, it brings a new way for humans and computers to work together. It can run all day and night on your local computer and do tasks by itself. ________ It requires some technical knowledge to set up. This difficulty has created a new business chance. On online markets where people sell used things, many people offer “lobster installation (安装)” services. The prices range from 300 to 800 yuan each time, with 500 yuan being the most common. Some people have reportedly made 260,000 yuan in just a few days by offering such services. Though it is very popular, OpenClaw comes with hidden dangers. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has warned about its safety risks. When not properly installed, OpenClaw can easily cause network attacks (攻击) or giving away of information. There have been real cases where the AI didn’t understand orders and deleted important files. A Meta AI security leader lost over 200 important emails when her OpenClaw assistant cleared her whole mailbox. Another user’s graduation paper was mistakenly deleted because the AI thought it was “rubbish”. While OpenClaw shows us the exciting future of AI, it also reminds us to be careful. As one expert says, “It’s a powerful tool, but we must learn to control it before it controls us.” 1．According to the passage, what is OpenClaw? A．A traditional AI chatbot similar to ChatGPT. B．A new type of app that can organize files by itself. C．A red lobster logo that has become popular on the Internet. D．An open - source AI agent tool that can perform tasks on a computer. 2．Which of the following shows the use of OpenClaw? A．Giving only online advice to users. B．Organizing files and sending emails. C．Providing free installation services. D．Completing all computer tasks without human agreement. 3．Which of the following can be best put in the ________? A．Luckily, everyone is able to use OpenClaw. B．Besides, OpenClaw is very popular among Chinese netizens. C．However, using OpenClaw is not as easy as talking to a chatbot. D．Unluckily, almost all people give up installing OpenClaw because of the difficulty. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why AI tools are better than humans. B．To teach people how to use OpenClaw correctly and safely. C．To introduce a popular AI tool and remind people of its risks. D．To show how to make money by providing “lobster installation” services. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文围绕近期爆红的开源AI工具OpenClaw展开介绍。 1．第一段第二句“Now, this is becoming a reality with OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent tool that has recently taken the tech world by storm.”及第二段第四句“Once it is allowed to work on your computer, it can fully take over different software to complete tasks.”说明OpenClaw是能在电脑上执行任务的开源AI代理工具。 2．第一段第一句“Have you ever imagined having a personal assistant that can organize your files and send emails just by your words?”第二段第四句“Once it is allowed to work on your computer, it can fully take over different software to complete tasks.”说明OpenClaw的核心用途是：整理文件和发送邮件。 3．空格前介绍OpenClaw的独特优势，空格后立刻说明“It requires some technical knowledge to set up. This difficulty has created a new business chance.”安装需要专业技术知识，这一难度催生了新商机，前后为转折关系，C项 “然而，使用OpenClaw并不像和聊天机器人对话那么简单”既承接前文的优势，又引出后文的“使用难度”，且将其与聊天机器人对比，贴合前文提及的ChatGPT。 4．全文前3段介绍OpenClaw的定义、功能、优势、商机，后2段重点讲其隐藏风险，最后一句用专家观点提醒读者要谨慎使用、学会掌控，对应C项。 On January 4th, the China National Traditional Orchestra (中央民族乐团) played some well-known traditional music in their concert. Audiences (观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds of guzheng, the powerful tones of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story. “I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tone, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, one of the audiences of the concert. However, a recent report suggests the number of traditional music listeners is dropping. To wake up people’s love for traditional music, something creative has been done. In some traditional music concerts, VR (虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the starry sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3D movie. Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing and operas with Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them! Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the East meets the West, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young. Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen. 1．How many traditional Chinese musical instruments are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pipa can produce the most sounds in nature. B．Chinese music has a longer history than western music. C．Fewer people show interest in traditional music recently. D．Different musical instruments can tell the stories in the same way. 3．To wake up people’s love for traditional music, Li Xiaobing ________. A．tells many tearful stories with Chinese instruments B．makes good 3D movies with VR technology C．mixes traditional folk singing and operas with Chinese instruments D．brings modern music into traditional music 4．According to the passage, the writer believes ________. A．traditional music should only be played in concerts B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统音乐的魅力、听众减少的现状，以及人们为推广传统音乐所做的创新尝试。 1．根据第一段中“Audiences enjoyed the beautiful sounds of guzheng, the powerful tones of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on.”以及下文提到的“especially pipa”，可知文中提到了古筝、唢呐、二胡、琵琶四种中国传统乐器。 2．根据第三段“However, a recent report suggests the number of traditional music listeners is dropping.”可知，最近越来越少的人对传统音乐感兴趣。A选项文中未提及琵琶能发出自然界 “最多” 的声音；B选项文中未将中国音乐与西方音乐的历史进行对比；D选项文中提到“Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.”，说明不同乐器以不同方式讲述故事，而非相同方式。 3．根据第五段中“Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk singing, operas with Chinese instruments through technology.”可知，为唤起人们对传统音乐的热爱，李小兵通过科技手段将传统民歌、戏曲与中国乐器结合起来。A选项文中未提及；B选项是VR技术在音乐会中的应用，并非李小兵的做法；D选项是其他音乐家的创新尝试。 4．根据最后一段“Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.”可知，作者认为传统音乐展现了文化之美，融入创意后会带来积极的效果，因此可推断作者相信带有创意的传统音乐会更受欢迎。A选项文中未提及传统音乐“只能”在音乐会上演奏；B选项“必须改变演奏方式”表述过于绝对；C选项与文中鼓励传统音乐创新的观点相范2。 重难语篇练习 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an ancient way of health care in China with a history of thousands of years. It is quite different from modern hospital medicine. TCM focuses on keeping Yin and Yang in balance and making sure the body’s energy runs well. It uses natural methods to help people stay healthy and fight off the illness. One of the most famous parts of TCM is herbs. For example, if we cough, TCM-trained doctors might give us tea made from herbs, which can help our throat feel better. Another part of TCM is acupuncture. Acupuncture uses thin needles (针) that are gently put into our skin. Though it may sound scary, it’s not painful at all. Besides these, TCM also values a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating habits. TCM doctors believe these good habits can help people stay healthy and avoid getting sick. _________. A TCM hospital in Heihe, Heilongjiang Province, has become a popular place for Russian patients. A Russian woman, Yelena, had back problems for years. She felt much better after only two TCM treatments, and she now deeply believes in TCM. To serve the needs of its growing international patients, the hospital now has a medical team of doctors who can speak both Chinese and Russian. Russian patients can make appointments (预约) online with their passports and get medical help during their visit. Besides Russia, other countries also show great interest in TCM. For example, a Canadian college is partnering with a TCM hospital in Sanya to set up a new treatment center. TCM is not only for patients, more and more young people in cities are developing a love for TCM. Some hospitals offer herbal tea to help people lose weight. In Shanghai, TCM ice cream is an unexpected hit with young people. Also, many young people are learning to do exercises like Baduanjin from social media videos to stay fit. TCM comes from the past but also keeps up with the times. Now it has a new look and connects people around the world in modern ways. 1．What can we know about acupuncture from the text? A．It often uses thick needles. B．It can cause a lot of pain. C．It can stop the illness right away. D．It looks scary but it doesn’t hurt at all. 2．Which of the following can be best put into ________ in Paragraph 3? A．The steps of TCM treatment are simple. B．TCM is deeply loved by Chinese people. C．TCM is getting popular around the world. D．More TCM doctors are needed in Heilongjiang. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Young people learn Baduanjin online to treat illness. B．Few young people in Shanghai love TCM ice cream. C．More and more young people are interested in TCM. D．Some young people do acupuncture to lose weight. 4．What is the writing purpose of this text? A．To describe how TCM deals with health problems. B．To tell us the long history of traditional Chinese medicine. C．To explain why TCM is better than modern hospital medicine. D．To introduce TCM and its growing influence around the world. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中医的核心理念、主要疗法，以及它在国际上和年轻人中日益增长的影响力。 1．第二段介绍了针灸的信息“Acupuncture uses thin needles … Though it may sound scary, it’s not painful at all.”，D选项表述和文中一致，“isn’t painful at all”等同于“doesn’t hurt at all”。 2．第三段句子“A TCM hospital in Heihe, Heilongjiang Province, has become a popular place for Russian patients. …”，“Besides Russia, other countries also show great interest in TCM. For example, a Canadian college is partnering …”主要介绍了俄罗斯患者来中国中医院看病、加拿大机构与中医院合作，这些都是中国走向国际、在海外受欢迎的例子。所以横线处需要一个总起句，概括本段主旨。C选项“TCM is getting popular around the world.”概括准确。 3．第四段首句提到“TCM is not only for patients, more and more young people in cities are developing a love for TCM.” ，后面列举了草药茶减肥、中医冰淇淋、学八段锦的例子，C选项“More and more young people are interested in TCM.”概括出了第4段的主要内容。 4． 文章依次主要介绍了中医的定义和核心理念，主要疗法（草药、针灸），在海外流行，受年轻人欢迎，最后总结中医与时俱进，连接世界，D选项“To introduce TCM and its growing influence around the world.”和主旨内容完全匹配。 Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort (分类) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point. Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles (角度), so it has a better rate of accuracy,” said one of the students who built the AI system. The idea of the smart bin was born 3 years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution. “All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.” The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online. “Our bin is now in its third generation (代). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city,” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.” 1．The main purpose of the smart rubbish bin invented by the students is ________. A．to reduce the cost of waste collection B．to help people sort waste correctly using AI C．to collect more waste from the public D．to replace all human workers in waste management 2．The students train the AI system for the bin by ________. A．writing a computer program B．reading books about waste sorting C．asking villagers for advice D．taking hundreds of pictures 3．Why were the students inspired to invent the smart bin? A．Because of the problem of too much rubbish. B．Because of their school project requirement. C．Because of a competition they wanted to win. D．Because of their teacher’s suggestion. 4．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the bin is now in its fourth generation B．the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at home C．people will recycle and protect the environment more easily D．the bin can’t be widely used in the city 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了四名香港高中生为了解决垃圾分类难题，利用AI技术发明了一款名为“Waste Collection Point”的智能垃圾桶。文章讲述了该垃圾桶的工作原理、训练AI的方法、发明灵感来源于疫情期间村庄垃圾堆积的现状，以及学生们为研发该设备付出的努力和未来的愿景。 1．根据第一段中“To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste.”可知，该垃圾桶的主要目的是帮助人们利用AI正确分类垃圾。 2．根据第二段中“To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles... the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least 500 pictures of each one.”可知，学生们通过拍摄数百张照片来训练AI系统。 3．根据第三段和第四段内容，学生们看到因为疫情人们涌入村庄留下了大量垃圾，“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain”，这促使他们发明了智能垃圾桶。因此，灵感来自垃圾过多的问题。 4．根据最后一段中“Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.”可知，学生们希望这款垃圾桶能让人们更轻松地回收垃圾和保护环境。 The Ministry of Education (教育部) has put forward the important idea that health comes first, reminding us that good health is the base (基础) of students’ all-round development. Without a healthy body and mind, we can neither study well nor grow up happily. Therefore, as students, it is our duty to take action and do our part to stay healthy. There are many practical things we students can do to keep healthy. First of all, we should develop good eating habits. We should eat more vegetables and fruits every day, which are full of vitamins (维他命). We’d better drink enough water, and stay away from junk food, which is bad for our bodies. Second, we must take enough physical exercise every day. We can actively take part in PE classes at school, run for 20 minutes every morning before class, or play ball games with our classmates after school. Doing exercise not only makes our bodies strong, but also helps stop myopia (近视) and relax our minds after long hours of study. Finally, we should pay attention to both our physical and mental health. We need to go to bed early and get up early, never staying up late to finish homework or play with phones. When we feel stressed from study, we can talk to our teachers or classmates, listen to light music or do some sports to let go of pressure. Keeping a positive attitude (积极的态度) is also very important for our mental health. In short, keeping healthy is not difficult for us students. By doing these simple things, we can keep our bodies strong and our minds positive, and grow up healthily and happily. 1．According to the passage, what is the base of students’ all-round development? A．Good grades. B．Good health. C．Much money. D．Much free time. 2．Which of the following is not a good eating habit? A．Taking in vitamins. B．Drinking enough water. C．Eating lots of junk food. D．Eating vegetables and fruits. 3．What can exercise help us do according to Paragraph 3? A．It makes us fat. B．It helps stop myopia. C．It makes us study worse. D．It makes us feel more tired. 4．What should we do when we feel stressed? A．Play with phones all night. B．Stay alone and say nothing. C．Talk to teachers or classmates. D．Finish homework quickly without rest. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“健康第一”的理念，介绍了学生保持身心健康的具体方法。 1．第一段“... good health is the base (基础) of students’ all-round development.”说明健康是学生全面发展的基础。 2．第二段“We’d better drink enough water, and stay away from junk food, which is bad for our bodies.”说明吃很多垃圾食品不是健康的饮食习惯。 3．第三段“Doing exercise not only makes our bodies strong, but also helps stop myopia (近视) and relax our minds after long hours of study.”说明锻炼有助于预防近视。 4．倒数第二段“When we feel stressed from study, we can talk to our teachers or classmates, listen to light music or do some sports to let go of pressure”说明感到压力时，可以和老师同学交流。 Whether it’s about politics, health or society, the online world is full of misinformation (错误信息), and it can have a serious influence on how people see the world. The problem has become worse with new AI tools easily creating lifelike images, videos and text that can be used to share fake (假的) information. And there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news — so what exactly is going on? One of the reasons is “confirmation bias (确认偏见)”, which refers to how we usually believe things that confirm a belief we already have. Similar to this is a “familiarity bias (熟悉偏见)”, which is how we are also more likely to believe something if we see or hear it a lot. There is also “availability bias (可得性偏见)” — we tend to believe things that are easy to remember. A lot of misinformation is sensational (耸人听闻的) and shocking, so our brains remember it more easily. The way social media works has made it perfect for spreading misinformation too. Research has found that posts (帖子) that cause a lot of strong negative (负面的) feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral (中立的) or positive posts. Algorithms (算法) reward people’s likes, comments and shares. So getting a lot of likes, comments and shares will often mean a post gets shown to more people — whether or not it has true information. This can mean misinformation gets spread and repeated very quickly. This also means that even if you comment on a post to challenge or fact-check it, you may end up helping bring the misinformation to more people. So what can you do to protect yourself and your community from misinformation? Take time to check if the information is true before you share it, especially if it seems really shocking. Ask yourself if the person or organization that posted it has any biases or if they are really an expert on the topic. Then look for the same facts on other trusted websites. And if you still have doubts—don’t like, comment or share! 1．What does the underlined part “fall for” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Understand. B．Forget. C．Discover. D．Believe. 2．How does the writer show what kind of posts get more attention in Paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 3．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with? A．Shocking news is always worth sharing. B．Algorithms help spread true information. C．We should check a post before sharing it. D．We should comment to correct fake news. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．AI and Social Media Problems B．Why People Believe Fake News C．How to Check Information Online D．How AI Creates Fake News Online 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网络错误信息的传播现状、成因（包括认知偏见、社交媒体特性和算法影响），并给出了防范错误信息的具体建议。 1．第二段可得出结论，原文提到“there are plenty of smart people who fall for fake news”，结合上下文“fake news”（假新闻）的语境，“fall for”表示“轻信、相信（Believe）”。 2．第四段可得出结论，作者通过举例说明“posts that cause a lot of strong negative feelings, like fear or anger, get much more attention than neutral or positive posts”，即通过举例展示哪种帖子更易获得关注。 3．最后一段可得出结论，原文提到“Take time to check if the information is true before you share it”，说明作者认同在分享帖子前应先核查信息真实性。 4．全文围绕“人们为何会相信假新闻”展开，分析了认知偏见、社交媒体特性和算法等核心原因，最后给出防范建议，因此最佳标题为Why People Believe Fake News。 Humpback whales are large animals that live in the ocean. They like to spend their summers eating food in cold waters and then travel to warm areas in winter to give birth to their babies. These warm areas provide the right temperature for the whales and their babies. The warm waters are mostly free of animals that hunt whales, and are more comfortable for the baby whales that do not have much fat yet. The Earth is getting warmer because of things people do, like driving cars, cutting down trees and running factories. This warming makes the ocean hotter, too. Baby whales are born in water that is between 21℃ and 28℃ (like a nice warm bath), which helps them to grow and gain weight rapidly. But if the ocean gets hotter than this, the whales might have to move away. It will bring trouble to humpback whales because they have certain favourite places where they like to return every year. Humpback whales have an impact on the health of the ocean. When whales swim, they mix up the water, helping tiny plants to grow. These plants play a key role in the food chain and help produce oxygen. They feed lots of other ocean animals and make some of the oxygen we breathe. Also, when whales die and go down to the bottom of the ocean, they help trap carbon (吸收碳). This keeps the planet cooler. If the ocean becomes too warm, it will change how sea life survives and finds food. Whale watching provides jobs for boat operators, tour guides and even scientists who help educate the public. This industry supports businesses, such as restaurants and hotels in many coastal towns. For example, in places like Hawaii, whale watching is a major tourist attraction that helps communities’ development. 1．Why do humpback whales travel to warm areas in winter? A．To have their babies. B．To find plenty of food. C．To mix up the water. D．To attack other ocean animals. 2．What will happen if the ocean temperature stays above 28℃? A．The baby whales will grow better. B．The whales will lose weight quickly. C．The whales may be forced to run away. D．More tiny plants will grow in the ocean. 3．What does “impact” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．A gentle touch or push. B．The speed of a moving object. C．The sound made by a falling object. D．The powerful influence on something. 4．What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph? A．Why the ocean is getting warmer. B．Why humpback whales are in trouble. C．How we can protect humpback whales. D．How humpback whales influence the ocean. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了座头鲸的生活习性（夏季在冷水域觅食、冬季前往温暖海域产仔）、海洋变暖对它们的影响、座头鲸对海洋生态的作用以及观鲸产业对沿海社区的经济支持。 1．第一段说明原因：“then travel to warm areas in winter to give birth to their babies”，直接表明座头鲸冬季前往温暖海域是为了繁衍后代。 2．第二段指出结果：“But if the ocean gets hotter than this, the whales might have to move away”，其中“this”指代前文提到的21℃至28℃，说明若海洋温度持续高于28℃，座头鲸可能会被迫离开。 3．第三段解释含义：后文通过“help tiny plants to grow”“help trap carbon”等具体内容，说明座头鲸对海洋健康有着重要作用，因此“impact”指对某物产生的强大影响。 4．最后一段围绕观鲸产业的经济价值展开，前文已介绍座头鲸面临的海洋变暖威胁及自身生态作用，结合说明文的逻辑连贯性，接下来最可能探讨如何保护座头鲸以应对现有威胁。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $