2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷 阅读理解 七选五之说明文专练

**基本信息** 聚焦高考七选五说明文专项，通过25篇不同主题语篇训练逻辑衔接能力，强化语篇结构分析与信息匹配技巧。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |七选五|25篇完整语篇|以说明文为主，涵盖步骤说明、现象分析、方法介绍等类型，空格设置涉及过渡句、细节支撑、总结句等|遵循"主题导入-细节展开-总结升华"逻辑链，训练学生通过词汇复现、逻辑连接词、段落结构等线索进行信息匹配，提升语篇连贯理解能力|

2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷 阅读理解 七选五之 说明文专练 (1) Gardening season is in full bloom, but keeping track of which seedling (幼苗) is which can be really tricky. Enter DIY oven-bake clay garden markers — these little lifesavers aren’t just practical; they also add a special charm to your greenery. To kick off your garden marker project, you’ll need to get hands-on with some oven-bake clay. Start by kneading (揉捏) a piece of clay in your hands for a few minutes — think of it as a mini workout for your fingers. 1 Then, place it on the baking sheet and roll it out evenly to about 1/4 inch thick. 2 You might go for a classic straight marker with a pointed end to stick directly into the soil, or perhaps you’re feeling a bit more adventurous and want to create a round or heart shape with a hole to hang from a metal post. Then give your garden markers some personality! Grab your favorite rubber stamps and press them firmly into the clay to make an impression. You can stamp the names of your plants, like “basil” or “tomatoes”, to keep things organized. 3 Now that your garden markers are looking great, it’s time to set them in stone. Follow the instructions on the clay package for baking. Generally, bake the markers at a low temperature (around 275°F) for about 15 minutes per 1/4 inch of thickness. 4 Then, they’ll be ready to give your garden a stylish look! Finally, decide on the finishing touches. 5 If you’re feeling fancy, a coat of paint can be applied for a long-lasting finish and shine. Whether you’re channeling your inner Picasso with bright colors or leaving them in their natural state to provide an earthy feel, which is equally charming, the choice is all yours. A. Remember to keep an eye on it. B. Allow them to cool completely afterward. C. Add some fun and creativity to your garden. D. This softens the clay and makes it more workable. E. Now comes the fun part: shaping your garden markers! F. You may smooth rough edges with sandpaper for a polished look. G. It’s also a good idea to go wild with fun phrases like “potato wonderland”. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. B 5. F 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何制作DIY烤箱烤粘土花园标记物，为花园增添魅力。 1. 上文“Start by kneading a piece of clay in your hands for a few minutes — think of it as a mini workout for your fingers. (首先用手揉捏一块黏土几分钟——把它当作一次手指小锻炼)”讲述揉捏黏土的动作，D选项“This softens the clay and makes it more workable. (这会软化黏土，使其更易于塑形)”中This指代上文的动作，解释了揉捏的作用，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 2. 下文“You might go for a classic straight marker with a pointed end to stick directly into the soil, or perhaps you’re feeling a bit more adventurous and want to create a round or heart shape with a hole to hang from a metal post. (你可以选择经典的直形标记牌，一端尖尖的直接插进土里，或者你更有创意，想做成圆形或心形，打个孔挂在金属柱上)”介绍了给标记牌塑形的多种方式，E选项“Now comes the fun part: shaping your garden markers! (现在有趣的部分来了：给你的花园标记牌塑形！)”引出塑形这一环节，总领下文，符合语境。故选E。 3. 上文“You can stamp the names of your plants, like “basil” or “tomatoes”, to keep things organized. (你可以印上植物的名字，比如“罗勒”或“番茄”，让一切井井有条)”介绍在黏土上印植物名，G选项“It’s also a good idea to go wild with fun phrases like “potato wonderland”. (尽情使用一些有趣的短语，比如“土豆乐园”，也是个好主意)”补充了其他有趣的刻印内容，与上文并列，符合语境。故选G。 4. 上文“Generally, bake the markers at a low temperature (around 275°F) for about 15 minutes per 1/4 inch of thickness. (一般来说，低温烘烤标记牌，约275华氏度，厚度每1/4英寸烘烤15分钟)”讲述烘烤步骤，下文“Then, they’ll be ready to give your garden a stylish look! (然后它们就可以为你的花园增添时尚感了)”说明完成状态，B选项“Allow them to cool completely afterward. (之后让它们完全冷却)”承接烘烤后的步骤，符合语境。故选B。 5. 上文“Finally, decide on the finishing touches. (最后，进行收尾装饰)”引出收尾步骤，下文“If you’re feeling fancy, a coat of paint can be applied for a long-lasting finish and shine. (如果你想更精致，可以涂一层漆，让它更耐用有光泽)”介绍一种装饰方法，F选项“You may smooth rough edges with sandpaper for a polished look. (你可以用砂纸打磨粗糙的边缘，让外观更精致)”介绍另一种收尾处理方式，符合语境。故选F。 (2) In today’s fast-paced digital world, electronic waste, or e-waste, has become a significant environmental concern. According to the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP), a record 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was produced globally in 2019, increasing 21% in just five years. By 2050, the volume of e-waste could top 120 million tonnes annually. 1 The improper disposal of it poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of the presence of harmful materials such as lead and mercury. 2 It is due to their rapidly developing bodies, including their respiratory (呼吸的), immune and central nervous systems. Luckily, many countries are turning to tackle the e-waste challenges. They commit to specializing in refurbishing (翻新) electronics, making them available to consumers at a lower cost. 3 By doing so, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices, reducing the need for mining new resources. Meanwhile, individuals can also contribute to e-waste disposal by being mindful of their electronic consumption. 4 Support electronic manufacturers committed to green technologies aiming for a sustainable cycle of production. Additionally, to ensure the safe and secure disposal of all sensitive information, prioritizing data security in e-waste disposal is necessary. 5 Do remember to reduce the environmental impacts of electronic products and share a greener and more sustainable future. A. It is every small action that counts. B. Prevention and management are needed. C. Recycling efforts have also become a key component. D. This includes buying quality products that last longer. E. Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. F. However, currently only 17.4% of it is recycled responsibly. G. Only a small percentage of e-waste has been recycled globally. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. C 4. D 5. A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电子废物的快速增长及其对环境和健康的威胁，强调了回收和负责任处理的重要性。 1. 由上文“In today’s fast-paced digital world, electronic waste, or e-waste, has become a significant environmental concern. According to the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP), a record 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was produced globally in 2019, increasing 21% in just five years. By 2050, the volume of e-waste could top 120 million tonnes annually. (在当今快节奏的数字世界中，电子垃圾已经成为一个重要的环境问题。根据全球电子废物统计伙伴关系（GESP）的数据，2019年全球产生了创纪录的5360万吨电子废物，在短短五年内增长了21%。到2050年，每年的电子垃圾总量将超过1.2亿吨。)”可知，上文描述电子废物很多这一现象，本空应指出目前电子废物回收处理的情况。F选项“However, currently only 17.4% of it is recycled responsibly. (然而，目前只有17.4%的电子废物被负责任地回收。)”指出了当前电子废物回收率低的问题，能承接上文，符合此处语境。故选F。 2. 由上文“The improper disposal of it poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of the presence of harmful materials such as lead and mercury. (由于存在铅和汞等有害物质，对其处置不当对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。)”可知，上文描述对其处置不当对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁，本空应该具体说明哪些人群特别容易受到这些有害物质的影响。E选项“Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. (儿童和孕妇尤其易受影响。)”正好说明了特定群体的脆弱性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 3. 由上文“Luckily, many countries are turning to tackle the e-waste challenges. They commit to specializing in refurbishing (翻新) electronics, making them available to consumers at a lower cost. (幸运的是，许多国家开始着手应对电子垃圾的挑战。他们致力于专门翻新电子产品，以更低的成本提供给消费者。)”可知，上文提到许多国家致力于翻新电子产品，以较低的成本提供给消费者。本空应该强调翻新前的回收工作的重要性。C选项“Recycling efforts have also become a key component. (回收工作也已成为一个关键组成部分。)”与翻新一起成为处理电子废物的重要手段，能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 4. 由上文“Meanwhile, individuals can also contribute to e-waste disposal by being mindful of their electronic consumption. (与此同时，个人也可以通过注意他们的电子消费来为电子废物处理做出贡献。)”可知，上文提到了个人也可以通过注意自己的电子消费来为电子废物处理做出贡献，本空应解释具体做法。D选项“This includes buying quality products that last longer. (这包括购买更耐用的优质产品。)”是对注意自己的电子消费的具体建议，能承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 5. 由下文“Do remember to reduce the environmental impacts of electronic products and share a greener and more sustainable future. (一定要记住减少电子产品对环境的影响，共享一个更环保、更可持续的未来。)”可知，这里是对全文的总结，呼吁大家共同努力减少电子产品对环境的影响。A选项“It is every small action that counts. (每一个小行动都很重要。)”强调了个人行动的重要性，适合作为文章的结尾，呼吁人们共同为环保做出努力。故选A。 (3) Fun Ways to Support Students’ Communication Skills Speaking and listening skills are a key aspect of every subject. Being a teacher, I find some students are lacking in these skills. 1 . In my school district, there is active encouragement to have less “teacher talk” and more academic interaction between students, which both honors their perspectives and increases their opportunities to speak and listen to each other. Encourage daily gratitude At the start of the school day, I have a few minutes to spare when taking attendance, so, I ask a student to suggest something specific we can be grateful for every day. Last year, I had every student share how they were grateful, which was powerful for establishing good listening practices but too time-consuming. 2 . Choice writing We have at least one spare writing lesson a week and some small windows of time where I allow the students to choose what they write about. 3 , but now, every student is enthusiastically using the time, either on solo or team writing projects. 4 The only window in my busy day for storytelling is during my snack break. As usual, I start by telling stories in the normal interactive way, with student volunteers called up to act out the story as it unfolds. This always inspires students to write stories at home and become storytellers themselves. 5 , which can make them academically purposeful but also fun. The average class contains a wide range of skills. But hopefully, with the above techniques, all of our students will find a structure to help them develop skills that they’ll need for the rest of their lives. A. Storytelling B. Write stories at home C. Therefore, this area has taken on special urgency D. The key to increasing speaking and listening is to find proper ways E. So, now I have the kid class president pick one or two pairs to do it F. In conclusion, I’ve spent much time arranging a series of daily tasks G. At first, only the most confident “writers” knew how to occupy this time 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个培养学生沟通技巧的有趣的方法。 1. 上文“Being a teacher, I find some students are lacking in these skills.(作为一名教师，我发现有些学生在这些技能（听说技能）方面有所欠缺)”指出学生存在听说技能不足的问题，需引出针对该问题的态度或后续行动。C项“因此，这个方面已显得尤为紧迫”与上文形成因果关系，符合语境。故选C。 2. 上文“Last year, I had every student share how they were grateful, which was powerful for establishing good listening practices but too time-consuming.(去年，我让每个学生都分享自己感恩的事情，这对培养良好的倾听习惯很有帮助，但太耗时了)”说明让每个学生分享的方法存在耗时的问题，需引出改进后的做法。E项“所以，现在我让班长挑选一对或两对学生来做这件事”是对上文提到的耗时过多问题的合理解决方案，符合语境。故选E。 3. 下文“but now, every student is enthusiastically using the time, either on solo or team writing projects.(但现在，每个学生都在热情地利用这段时间，无论是独立写作还是团队写作项目)”用but表转折，强调现在学生积极利用时间，空处需引出过去与现在相反的情况。G项“最初，只有最自信的‘作家’知道如何利用这段时间”与下文“但现在，每个学生都热情地利用这段时间”形成对比，符合语境。故选G。 4. 下文“The only window in my busy day for storytelling is during my snack break. As usual, I start by telling stories in the normal interactive way, with student volunteers called up to act out the story as it unfolds. (我忙碌的一天中，唯一能讲故事的时间是课间休息。像往常一样，我会以常规的互动方式开始讲故事,随着故事的展开，学生志愿者被召集起来表演)”围绕讲故事的时间、方式及效果展开，需选一个能概括该段主题的小标题。A项“讲故事”是该段的最佳小标题。故选A。 5. 下文“which can make them academically purposeful but also fun. The average class contains a wide range of skills. But hopefully, with the above techniques, all of our students will find a structure to help them develop skills that they’ll need for the rest of their lives.(这既能让这些任务在学业上有意义，又能充满乐趣。普通班级的学生技能水平差异很大。但希望通过上述方法，我们所有的学生都能找到一种有效框架，帮助他们培养余生所需的各项技能)”中which指代空格处内容，且the above techniques提示空格处需总结上述方法的本质（即一系列日常任务）。D项“提升口语和听力的关键是找到合适的方法”作为总结句，呼应了文章开头提到的口语和听力技能的重要性，并与下文中的定语从句紧密相连。故选D。 (4) Four Ways to Give Back During the Holidays Between your holiday parties, family responsibilities, and the pressure of finding the perfect gift, this time of year can go by in a flash. But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. 1 Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. Set up a holiday food drive. Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. 2 Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. Deliver all the collected items to the food bank to ensure your efforts have the greatest impact. 3 Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. Give a gift today. Volunteer! Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? 4 But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. Get in touch with your local food bank to learn more about volunteer opportunities. Make a difference online. There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. 5 A. Give a gift that gives back. B. It won’t cost you anything. C. Show concern for your loved one. D. They truly play a key role in volunteering. E. It’s to give back, especially to those in need. F. Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. G. Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. 【答案】1. E 2. G 3. A 4. B 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种节日期间回馈社会的方式：食物募捐、慈善捐赠、志愿服务、线上助力。 1. 前文“But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. (但在节日期间，我们经常会想起一些重要的事情)”提到节日期间有重要的事情，后文“Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. (下面是帮助我们面对饥饿的邻居的四种简单方法)”引出帮助饥饿邻居的方法，空处应说明重要的事情是什么，且与帮助他人相关，因此E项“It’s to give back, especially to those in need. (回馈社会，尤其是帮助有需要的人)”符合语境，承接前文，为后文的方法做铺垫，其中的It指代前文的something important，those in need和后文的our neighbors facing hunger呼应。故选E。 2. 前文“Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. (把你的朋友、家人或邻居聚在一起，发起一个食物募捐活动)”建议组织食物募捐活动，后文“Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. (然后在节日前的几周和节日聚会上，鼓励你的邻居和家人通过支持你的食物活动来帮助改变)”介绍进一步的做法是鼓励身边人支持募捐，空处应介绍食物募捐的第一步，因此G项“Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. (联系当地食品银行，先了解它们最需要的物品)”符合语境，契合募捐的活动步骤，承前启后。故选G。 3. 后文“Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. (你有一个朋友或家人非常关心别人吗？今年，考虑向Feeding America组织捐款，向你的朋友和家人表示敬意。通过给有需要的家庭送餐和给你所爱的人一份有意义的礼物，你将把爱传播得更远)”建议以朋友或家人的名义向慈善机构捐款，既帮助他人，又表达心意。空处是段落标题，应建议以捐款的形式送礼，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式，因此A项“Give a gift that gives back. (送一份能回馈社会的礼物)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选A。 4. 前文“Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? (你知道51%的食品项目完全依靠志愿者吗)”指出志愿者的重要性，后文“But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. (但是在节日期间帮助有需要的邻居的感觉是无价的)”话题转折，强调提供帮助的价值，空处应和价值形成对比，说明行动或投入虽小，因此B项“It won’t cost you anything. (它不会花费你任何东西)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文构成转折。故选B。 5. 前文“There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. (有很多方法可以让你不用离开舒适的家就能帮助那些面对饥饿的人。你可以发起一个在线筹款活动，或者在Amazon Smile或eBay上添加Feeding America作为你的慈善选择)”建议在线帮助饥饿人群，并给出具体的做法示例，空处应说明这一行为的影响，因此F项“Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. (你的数字足迹可能会激励他人加入)”符合语境，指出在线行为的积极效果，承接前文。故选F。 (5) The summer following your high school graduation is supposed to be unforgettable. Rather than spending this precious period sleeping in or gaming, why not begin on a solo adventure? 1 However, you need to take some precautions for your first adventure as an adult. Before hitting the road, invest time in thorough planning. Begin by answering big-picture questions: What sights do you want to see? How much time will you spend away? What prior experience do you have with road-tripping? 2 For example, you may need bear spray (喷雾) when hiking in National Park or a surf helmet (头盔) if catching waves near coral reefs. With your destination in mind, research your route carefully, taking note of factors like the road condition, emergency supply points and alternative paths. 3 You can use your phone to plan your route with apps like All Trails providing detailed road maps and real-time updates, ensuring you can make adjustments as you go. While there is nothing wrong with pushing your boundaries in your late teens, knowing your limits matters, too. Instead of jumping in at the deep end, start with smaller trips at pre-established campsites closer to home. 4 If you find a tight budget for a solo adventure, you may get the ball rolling by reaching out to organizations like Outward Bound USA and REI Outdoor Classes, which offer programs specially designed for young adventurers. Despite involving some group activities, you get a chance to connect with like-minded individuals. 5 This simple step ensures your safety while allowing your loved ones to share in your journey. A. They make the adventure more challenging. B. Modern technology makes this easier than ever. C. Then plan the finer details with these general ideas. D. Of course, scheduling ahead together should be prioritized. E. It’s a perfect way to celebrate your newfound independence. F. Most importantly, share your arrangements with family or friends. G. This prepares you for potential challenges and provides much-needed experience. 【答案】1. E 2. C 3. B 4. G 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高中毕业后独自冒险旅行的建议和注意事项。 1. 上文“The summer following your high school graduation is supposed to be unforgettable. Rather than spending this precious period sleeping in or gaming, why not begin on a solo adventure?(高中毕业后的夏天应该是难忘的。与其把这段宝贵的时间花在睡觉或玩游戏上，为什么不开始一次独自的冒险呢？)”引出了独自冒险的话题，选项E“It’s a perfect way to celebrate your newfound independence.(这是庆祝你新获得的独立的完美方式。)”进一步解释了为什么独自冒险是一个好的选择。故选E。 2. 上文“Begin by answering big-picture questions: What sights do you want to see? How much time will you spend away? What prior experience do you have with road-tripping?(首先回答一些宏观问题：你想看什么景点？你会离开多久？你之前有过公路旅行的经验吗？)”提到了回答一些宏观问题来开始规划。选项C“Then plan the finer details with these general ideas.(然后用这些总体想法来规划更详细的细节。)”指出了在回答宏观问题后，应该用这些总体想法来规划更详细的细节。故选C。 3. 上文“With your destination in mind, research your route carefully, taking note of factors like the road condition, emergency supply points and alternative paths.(在心中有了目的地之后，仔细研究你的路线，注意路况、紧急供应点和替代路线等因素。)”提到了要仔细研究路线。选项B“Modern technology makes this easier than ever.(现代科技使这比以往任何时候都更容易。)”指出了现代科技可以简化路线规划的过程，与上文提到的仔细研究路线相呼应。故选B。 4. 上文“Instead of jumping in at the deep end, start with smaller trips at pre-established campsites closer to home.(与其一开始就挑战高难度，不如从离家较近的预先确定的露营地开始小规模的旅行。)”建议从简单的旅行开始。选项G“This prepares you for potential challenges and provides much-needed experience.(这让你为潜在的挑战做好准备，并提供了急需的经验。)”解释了从简单的旅行开始的好处。故选G。 5. 下文“This simple step ensures your safety while allowing your loved ones to share in your journey.(这个简单的步骤既能确保你的安全，又能让你所爱的人分享你的旅程。)”提到了一个可以确保安全并让家人分享旅程的简单步骤。选项F“Most importantly, share your arrangements with family or friends.(最重要的是，与家人或朋友分享你的安排。)”指出了这个简单的步骤是什么，即与家人或朋友分享旅行安排。故选F。 (6) In a world dominated by large online retailers, many people are looking for ways to support local businesses. 1 Launched five years ago, this platform has become a popular choice for readers who value community support and the unique character of independent bookstores. Until recently, e-book readers had no way to buy digital books from their favorite local bookstores. 2 The service allows local bookstores to sell e-books through its marketplace. With a collection of over 3 million titles,Bookshop.org offers readers a convenient way to enjoy e-books while supporting their community and discovering new authors. When you shop on Bookshop.org, you can choose which bookstore to support with your purchase, ensuring that 100% of the profit goes to that shop. If you don’t specify a store, a portion of your purchase still benefits independent bookstores through a profit-sharing system.   3 It also fosters a sense of community among readers and authors alike, creating a vibrant ecosystem for literature. To get started, simply download the Bookshop.org app and create an account. Add an e-book to your Wishlist and then click “buy now” on your desired pick. 4 If you have an existing account, you can also purchase an e-book through Bookshop.org on a web browser. Once an e-book is downloaded to your device, it will instantly be available to read offline. However, keep in mind that e-books can only be read via the Bookshop.org app or website, as they do not work with other e-readers like Kindle or Nook. 5 In summary, by choosing Bookshop.org, you can enjoy reading while actively supporting your local bookstores and standing up against big retailers like Amazon. A. Complete the checkout, and you’re good to go. B. In such an environment, Bookshop.org has emerged. C. Actually, it’s easy and convenient to create an account. D. This model helps local shops grow in a competitive market. E. Reading them on other digital readers may require some adjustment. F. Now, Bookshop.org is changing that by introducing an e-book platform. G. These local bookstores are not only shops but cherished places for readers. 【答案】1. B 2. F 3. D 4. A 5. E 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Bookshop.org平台的功能与价值。该平台在大型线上零售商主导的市场中应运而生，为读者提供便捷的电子书购买渠道，同时助力本地独立书店发展，构建了连接读者、书店与作者的文学生态。 1. 根据上文“In a world dominated by large online retailers, many people are looking for ways to support local businesses. (在一个由大型线上零售商主导的世界里，许多人都在寻找支持本地企业的方法)”以及下文“Launched five years ago, this platform has become a popular choice for readers who value community support and the unique character of independent bookstores.(这个平台五年前推出，已成为重视社区支持和独立书店独特特色的读者的热门选择)”可知，此空需引出下文“this platform”所指代的具体平台，衔接“支持本地企业”的需求与平台的出现。B选项“In such an environment, Bookshop.org has emerged.(在这样的环境下，Bookshop.org应运而生)”中“such an environment”对应上文大型线上零售商主导的环境，“Bookshop.org”即下文提到的平台，精准衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B项。 2. 根据上文“Until recently, e-book readers had no way to buy digital books from their favorite local bookstores.(直到最近，电子书读者还无法从他们最喜欢的本地书店购买电子书)”以及下文“The service allows local bookstores to sell e-books through its marketplace.(该服务允许本地书店通过其平台销售电子书)”可知，此空需体现Bookshop.org平台对“无法从本地书店购电子书”这一现状的改变。F选项“Now, Bookshop.org is changing that by introducing an e-book platform.(现在，Bookshop.org通过推出电子书平台改变了这一现状)”中“that”指代上文的现状，“推出电子书平台”对应下文的服务内容，衔接自然，符合语境。故选F项。 3. 根据上文“When you shop on Bookshop.org, you can choose which bookstore to support with your purchase, ensuring that 100% of the profit goes to that shop. If you don’t specify a store, a portion of your purchase still benefits independent bookstores through a profit-sharing system.(当你在Bookshop.org购物时，可以选择用你的订单支持某家书店，确保 100% 的利润都归那家书店所有。如果没有指定具体书店，你的部分订单金额仍会通过利润分成机制惠及独立书店)”以及下文“It also fosters a sense of community among readers and authors alike...(它还培养了读者和作者之间的社区意识……)”可知，此空需说明上文利润分配模式对本地书店的积极作用，与下文形成递进关系。D选项“This model helps local shops grow in a competitive market.(这种模式帮助本地商店在竞争激烈的市场中成长)”中“This model”指代上文的利润分配模式，点明其对本地书店的助力，“also”体现与下文的递进逻辑，符合语境。故选D项。 4. 根据上文“To get started, simply download the Bookshop.org app and create an account. Add an e-book to your Wishlist and then click “buy now” on your desired pick.(首先，只需下载Bookshop.org应用程序并创建一个账户。将电子书添加到你的愿望清单，然后点击你想要的书籍上的“立即购买”)”可知，此空需承接购书流程，说明点击“立即购买”后的操作步骤。A选项“Complete the checkout, and you’re good to go.(完成结账，你就可以开始阅读了)”是购书流程的后续环节，衔接上文操作，符合语境。故选A项。 5. 根据上文“However, keep in mind that e-books can only be read via the Bookshop.org app or website, as they do not work with other e-readers like Kindle or Nook.(然而，请记住，电子书只能通过Bookshop.org应用程序或网站阅读，因为它们无法与Kindle或Nook等其他电子阅读器兼容)”可知，此空需补充说明在其他电子阅读器上阅读该平台电子书的情况。E选项“Reading them on other digital readers may require some adjustment.(在其他电子阅读器上阅读它们可能需要一些调整)”中“them”指代上文“e-books”，承接“不兼容其他阅读器”的内容，符合语境。故选E项。 (7) An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that they were wrong. An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted. 1 Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology. Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. 2 When presented with an apology, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I’m sorry” from her mother, after being estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let’s be real, apologizing can be difficult. 3 We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. 4 Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people. 5 As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for. A. There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others. B. It’s a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action. C. A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too. D. But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology. E. This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away. F. Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it. G. It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings. 【答案】1. C 2. G 3. A 4. E 5. D 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。 1. 根据上文“When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。 2. 根据主旨句“Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。 3. 空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。 4. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。 5. 根据上文“Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。 (8) For individuals with social anxiety, entering a social gathering can feel overwhelming, as if you are under the spotlight and might say something wrong. 1 “For some people, it might mean a racing heart and dizziness and feeling flushed,” says Kirsten Hall-Baldwin, a licensed clinical professional counselor in Chicago. “Others might be in a negative thought cycle, or feel like their mind is going blank or freezing.” Here, she and other experts share tips on how to carry a conversation when you have social anxiety. Practice in low-stakes settings Before attending a major event, try initiating brief chats with waiters or neighbors. 2 “Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight,” Hall-Baldwin says. “so it’s just trying to practice without feeling overwhelming pressure.” Over time, you’ll gain a sense of comfort and confidence as you step into larger social settings. Use the echo technique Another powerful technique is to “echo” the speaker. Paraphrase what they’ve said and encourage them to clarify. For example, if they mention they’re struggling at work, repeat back their words with a question in your voice: “Struggling?” 3 Not only does this make them feel heard but also shifts the conversational burden away from you, reducing pressure. Find an anchor When feeling anxious, find a physical anchor (锚). 4 Holding a cold drink, pressing your feet firmly into the floor, or touching a small object can give your nervous system something to anchor to when you’re feeling anxious. Research indicates that such physical sensations can pull you back to the present and signal safety to your brain, thereby curbing anxiety. 5 The good news about social events is that they all eventually end — and your departure can arrive as soon as you’d like. Informing friends beforehand of a hard leave time, or having a polite excuse to end a conversation (e.g., “It was really nice talking to you — I’m going to check in with Jane.”) can significantly reduce the fear of being trapped. A. Avoid social events politely B. Have an exit strategy ready C. This simple response often leads them to share more. D. This fear can trigger various physical and emotional symptoms. E. It ensures you can keep the dialogue flowing without needing to flee. F. These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem. G. The core principle is to engage your senses to stabilize yourself in the moment. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. B 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交焦虑人群在社交聚会中的感受，以及专家给出的应对社交焦虑、顺利交流的建议。 1. 由上文“For individuals with social anxiety, entering a social gathering can feel overwhelming, as if you are under the spotlight and might say something wrong.(对于有社交焦虑的人来说，进入社交聚会会让人难以承受，就像你在聚光灯下，可能会说错话)”可知，本空要表达这种焦虑带来的影响，由后文“For some people, it might mean a racing heart and dizziness and feeling flushed(对一些人来说，这可能意味着心跳加速、头晕和脸红)”以及“Others might be in a negative thought cycle, or feel like their mind is going blank or freezing.(其他人可能会陷入消极的思维循环，或者感觉他们的大脑一片空白或冻结)”可知，这些都是社交焦虑引发的身心症状，D 选项“This fear can trigger various physical and emotional symptoms.(这种恐惧会引发各种生理和心理症状)”能承上启下，符合题意。D项中的“This fear”与空前的社交焦虑带来的感受相对应。故选D。 2. 由上文“Before attending a major event, try initiating brief chats with waiters or neighbors.(在参加大型活动之前，试着和服务员或邻居进行简短的交谈)”可知，本空要表达这些简短交流的作用，由后文“Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight(更小的、易于管理的社交互动不会带来那么多的情感负担)”可知，这些交流压力小，F选项“These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem.(这些简短的互动是建立自尊的一种低压力的方式)”能承上启下，符合题意。F项中的“These short interactions”与空前的“brief chats”相对应。故选F。 3. 由上文“For example, if they mention they’re struggling at work, repeat back their words with a question in your voice: “Struggling?”(例如，如果他们提到自己在工作中很挣扎，用疑问的语气重复他们的话：“挣扎吗？”)”可知，本空要表达这个回应的效果，由后文“Not only does this make them feel heard but also shifts the conversational burden away from you, reducing pressure.(这不仅能让他们感到被倾听，还能把谈话的负担从你身上转移开，减轻压力)”可知，这个回应会让对方有更多表达，C选项“This simple response often leads them to share more.(这个简单的回应通常会让他们分享更多)”能承上启下，符合题意。C项中的“This simple response”与空前的重复对方话语的行为相对应。故选C。 4. 由上文“When feeling anxious, find a physical anchor (锚).(感到焦虑时，找一个实体的锚)”可知，本空要表达这个方法的核心原则，由后文“Holding a cold drink, pressing your feet firmly into the floor, or touching a small object can give your nervous system something to anchor to when you’re feeling anxious.(拿着一杯冷饮，把你的脚紧紧地压在地板上，或者触摸一个小物体，当你感到焦虑时，这些都能给你的神经系统提供一个锚点)”可知，这些是调动感官的行为，G选项“The core principle is to engage your senses to stabilize yourself in the moment.(核心原则是调动你的感官，让自己在当下稳定下来)”能承上启下，符合题意。G项中的“engage your senses”与后文的具体行为相对应。故选G。 5. 本空是段落小标题，由后文“The good news about social events is that they all eventually end — and your departure can arrive as soon as you’d like. Informing friends beforehand of a hard leave time, or having a polite excuse to end a conversation (e.g., “It was really nice talking to you — I’m going to check in with Jane.”) can significantly reduce the fear of being trapped.(社交活动的好消息是，它们最终都会结束——你可以随时离开。事先告诉朋友一个确切的离开时间，或者找一个礼貌的借口结束对话（例如，“和你聊天真的很愉快——我要去和简聊聊。”）可以大大减少被困住的恐惧)”可知，这一段是在讲准备好离开的策略，B选项“Have an exit strategy ready(准备好离开策略)”符合段落主旨。故选B。 (9) A trip to the supermarket has now become more than a simple shopping experience. In fact, it is now carefully designed psychological persuasion. Shopkeepers know how to create an environment that makes customers buy more than they planned. For example, the smell of freshly baked bread can make customers feel hungry and unconsciously increase their desire to buy food. 1 Now researchers are investigating how the way people are influenced in their buying decisions can be explained by swarm intelligence. 2 If a certain item seems popular, customers naturally believe it is worth buying. With the help of modern technology, some supermarkets now provide real-time purchasing information.As customers walk past shelves, a small screen may tell them how many other shoppers have chosen a certain product. 3 This model, known as a “swarm move”, increases sales without offering discounts simply because it makes customers feel confident about choosing what everyone else buys. 4 When they are at home, shoppers still tend to follow the crowd online. Websites like Amazon show rankings, recommendations, and“most purchased” tags. Even being alone, they think they are shopping independently, and they are still influenced by others’ choices. All these strategies show that modern consumers are often guided by subtle psychological cues rather than rational decision-making. 5 A. The idea behind this approach is simple. B. Thus, it encourages them to put more food into their basket. C. The same psychological strategies also apply to platforms online. D. This method reassures shoppers that they are making the“right” choice. E. People may not notice, but they are constantly being guided while shopping. F. As a result, these items sell more quickly than cheaper, less visible products. G. That is, how bees or any social animal, including humans, behaves in a crowd. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. D 4. C 5. E 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出超市购物已成为心理操纵。通过香味、群体影响和科技手段(如显示购买人数)，超市诱导顾客消费。这种策略在线上平台也普遍存在，表明消费者常受隐性心理暗示影响而非理性决策。 1. 上文提到“For example, the smell of freshly baked bread can make customers feel hungry and unconsciously increase their desire to buy food.(例如，新鲜出炉的面包的香味会让顾客感到饥饿，并下意识地增加他们购买食物的欲望。)”，这说明了面包香味对顾客购买行为的影响。B选项“Thus, it encourages them to put more food into their basket.(因此，这鼓励他们把更多的食物放进购物篮。)”承接上文，进一步说明了面包香味如何具体影响顾客的购买行为，即让他们购买更多的食物，符合题意。故选B。 2. 上文提到“Now researchers are investigating how the way people are influenced in their buying decisions can be explained by swarm intelligence.(现在研究人员正在研究人们购买决策中受影响的方式如何用群体智能来解释。)”，这引出了群体智能这一概念。G选项“That is, how bees or any social animal, including humans, behaves in a crowd.(也就是说，蜜蜂或任何社会性动物，包括人类，在群体中的行为方式。)”对群体智能进行了具体解释，即像蜜蜂或人类这样的社会性动物在群体中的行为方式，符合题意。故选G。 3. 上文提到“As customers walk past shelves, a small screen may tell them how many other shoppers have chosen a certain product.(当顾客走过货架时，一个小屏幕可能会告诉他们有多少其他顾客选择了某种产品。)”，这说明了超市通过提供实时购买信息来影响顾客的购买决策。D选项“This method reassures shoppers that they are making the‘right’ choice.(这种方法让顾客确信他们正在做出“正确”的选择。)”承接上文，进一步说明了这种实时购买信息如何影响顾客的心理，即让他们觉得自己做出了正确的选择，从而增加购买的可能性，符合题意。故选D。 4. 下文提到“When they are at home, shoppers still tend to follow the crowd online. Websites like Amazon show rankings, recommendations, and“most purchased” tags.(当顾客在家时，他们仍然倾向于在网上跟随大众。像亚马逊这样的网站会显示排名、推荐和“最常购买”标签。)”，这说明了在线购物平台也运用了类似的心理学策略来影响顾客的购买决策。C选项“The same psychological strategies also apply to platforms online.(同样的心理学策略也适用于在线平台。)”引出了下文，说明在线购物平台和实体超市在影响顾客购买决策方面采用了相似的策略，符合题意。故选C。 5. 上文提到“All these strategies show that modern consumers are often guided by subtle psychological cues rather than rational decision-making.(所有这些策略都表明，现代消费者往往受到微妙心理暗示的引导，而不是理性决策。)”，这总结了前文关于超市和在线购物平台如何运用心理学策略影响顾客购买决策的内容。E选项“People may not notice, but they are constantly being guided while shopping.(人们可能没有注意到，但他们在购物时不断受到引导。)”承接上文，进一步强调了顾客在购物过程中往往受到各种心理暗示的引导，而自己可能并未察觉，符合题意。故选E。 (10) Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world. 1 , but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand and more and more land is underneath concrete, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewage (污水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. 2 ? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water like a sponge, reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. 3 . Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the number of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. 4 , In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or clean toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. 5 . A. A system like that does actually work B. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall C. Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach D. But a much more high-tech method has already been applied E. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world F. Is the natural approach sufficient when we’re faced with increased rainfall G. It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. G 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球洪水频发背景下，通过城市设计新思路，如海绵城市概念及高科技方法，来降低洪水风险。 1. 由上文“Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world.(全球范围内，严重洪水越来越常见。)”可知，本空应解释洪水频发的原因。B选项“The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall(气候变暖导致降雨量增加)”解释了洪水频发的一个原因能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 2. 由下文“Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water-like a sponge-reducing the risk of sudden floods.(中国景观建筑师俞孔坚对此深信不疑。2013年，他提出了“海绵城市”的概念，旨在像海绵一样吸收水分，降低突发洪水的风险。)”可知，本空应询问是否有可能因为某种错误的方法或观念导致洪水问题加剧。C选项“Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach(会不会是我们一直采取的方法是错误的)”引出了下文对城市设计新思路的讨论，符合题意且为一般疑问句。故选C。 3. 由上文“Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. (鼓励采用自然解决方案，利用河边公园和池塘来吸收洪水。)”及下文“Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study.(在新西兰的一项研究中，奥克兰被评为最“海绵”的城市。)”可知，本空应强调这种自然解决方案在更大范围内的应用。E选项“Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world(受此启发，全球各地的城市都采取了类似的措施)”概括了全球城市对海绵城市概念的实践，符合题意。故选E。 4. 由上文“What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. (奥克兰所采取的只是一种自然方法。)”及下文“In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. (在荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹，人们在许多建筑物上安装了蓝绿色屋顶。)”可知，本空应转折强调存在一种更高科技的方法已被应用。D选项“But a much more high-tech method has already been applied(但是一种更高级的高科技方法已经被应用)”能承接上文，并引出了下文对阿姆斯特丹高科技方法的介绍，符合题意。故选D。 5. 由上文“Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater.(先进的软件甚至可以告诉屋顶在即将到来的暴风雨前释放水分，以最大化系统吸收雨水的能力。)”可知，本空需进一步补充该高科技系统的功能，体现其先进性。G选项“It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly.(它甚至可以识别城市的危险区域，并相应地调整应对措施。)中的“it”指代前文的“advanced software”，延续了对系统功能的介绍，符合题意。故选G。 (11) When you go to the doctor, you’re probably the one answering most of the questions. 1 Here are the questions you should ask your doctor to help you get well. What screenings (筛查) should I get? Exactly which health screenings you need, and when, depends on factors like age, sex, and your personal and family medical history. At your annual physical, ask your doctor what you should prioritize in the coming year, suggests Dr. Jessica Edwards. Screening yearly for mental-health disorders like depression is important too. 2 What vitamins and supplements might be helpful? Some vitamins and supplements are a waste of money or harmful. But there are the ones that could actually benefit your health. 3 Talking through your lab reports and specific concerns can help your doctor determine what might be appropriate. What kind of financial support is available? 4 If something isn’t covered in it, your doctor might be able to suggest some other choices. “There’s a lot of financial support available, both from some companies and voluntary groups.” Arin says. 5 Whether you’re at the doctor because you broke a bone, or are recovering from injuries, ask when you should start to feel better and what kind of warnings could signal the need for more care. Your doctor can tell you exactly when you should call her office or go to the emergency department. A. What are my treatment options? B. However, make sure you’re asking plenty of your own. C. Additionally, ask clearly what the probable payments are. D. So if your doctor doesn’t bring it up, start the conversation. E. What should I do if my symptoms worsen or don’t improve? F. Always ask how your insurance will affect treatment expenses. G. To know which is beneficial, ask your doctor, Edwards advises. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. G 4. F 5. E 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要就咨询医生的问题提出建议。 1. 由上文“When you go to the doctor, you’re probably the one answering most of the questions.(当你去看医生时，你可能是回答大部分问题的人。)”可知，去看医生你总是被提问，但是由后文可知你也可以问医生问题，所以这里存在转折关系，B选项“However, make sure you’re asking plenty of your own.(然而，要确保你问了很多你自己的问题。)”说明你也可以问问题，和前面存在转折关系，因此符合语境。故选B。 2. 上文提到“Screening yearly for mental-health disorders like depression is important too.(每年对抑郁症等精神疾病进行筛查也很重要。)”说明了对抑郁症等精神疾病进行筛查也很重要，如果医生没有提到心理疾病的检查，你应该主动询问医生，D选项“So if your doctor doesn’t bring it up, start the conversation.(所以，如果你的医生没有提起这件事，那就开始和他交谈。)”说明了可以向医生主动提出要进行心理疾病的检查，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 3. 通过小标题“What vitamins and supplements might be helpful?(哪些维生素和补充剂可能有帮助？)”和上一句“But there are the ones that could actually benefit your health.(但也有一些对你的健康有益。)”可知，有一些维生素和补充剂是有益的，G选项“To know which is beneficial, ask your doctor, Edwards advises.(爱德华兹建议，要知道哪种是有益的，请咨询你的医生。)”说明可以问一下医生到底哪种维生素或补充剂有益，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 4. 通过小标题“What kind of financial support is available?(有什么样的财政支持？)”可知，本段主要讨论资金支持，且根据下文中“If something isn’t covered in it, your doctor might be able to suggest some other choices.(如果有些东西没有包括在内，你的医生可能会建议你做其他选择。)”可以推断出it具体指代的内容应该与花费有关，F选项“Always ask how your insurance will affect treatment expenses.(经常询问你的保险将如何影响治疗费用。)”中的保险和花费有关，因此引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 5. 空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Whether you’re at the doctor because you broke a bone, or are recovering from injuries, ask when you should start to feel better and what kind of warnings could signal the need for more care. Your doctor can tell you exactly when you should call her office or go to the emergency department.(无论你去看医生是因为你骨折了，还是正在从伤病中恢复，都要问一下你什么时候应该开始感觉好些，什么样的警告可能表明需要更多的护理。你的医生可以准确地告诉你什么时候应该打电话给她的办公室或去急诊室。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要问清楚如果症状恶化或没有改善该怎么办，E选项“What should I do if my symptoms worsen or don’t improve?(如果我的症状恶化或没有改善，我该怎么办？)”说明了要问如果症状恶化或没有改善该怎么办，概括了本段内容，且句式和前几段的小标题一致，因此可作为本段小标题。故选E。 (12) Exercise is important in all phases of life, but for seniors, it’s crucial to maintaining independence. Exercise ensures that seniors can get around and continue to do the things they enjoy and helps to prevent serious health conditions. 1 Strength exercises are among the best exercises for seniors. 2 These exercises can also improve a senior citizen’s metabolism(新陈代谢), which can be important for the maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels and normal weight. Balance exercises are good for senior citizens as well because they build up muscles in the legs and strength in the lower body. They can help a senior citizen have better stability, translating into lowered risk of serious falls. 3 4 They help improve flexibility, making it easier for an older person to remain physically active and move around without stiffness (僵硬) and pain. Additionally, stretching exercises help senior citizens avoid muscle­related injuries, which can occur in the course of exercising as well as during daily living. Though exercise is good for senior citizens, it is smart for seniors to speak with their doctors before starting any new exercise program. 5 In some cases, they may also recommend avoiding certain exercises altogether. A. For seniors, this may not be the top concern. B. Such accidents tend to make them ill and weak. C. Stretches are also important exercises for seniors. D. Never exercise too much as it may have harmful effects. E. They help to build up muscles and make the bones stronger. F. They may suggest specific exercises and exercise frequency. G. When it comes to choosing the best exercises for seniors, variety is key. 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老年人锻炼的好处以及具体举例几项特定的运动。 1. 上文“Exercise ensures that seniors can get around and continue to do the things they enjoy and helps to prevent serious health conditions.”（锻炼可以确保老年人可以四处走动，继续做他们喜欢的事情，并有助于预防严重的健康问题。）引出话题，提到锻炼对老年人的好处。以及下文详细介绍的各个运动可知。结合选项G项When it comes to choosing the best exercises for seniors, variety is key.（说到为老年人选择最好的运动，多样化是关键。）为下文内容的总结，也是上文内容的语意递进。上下文语意连贯，起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。 2. 上文“Strength exercises are among the best exercises for seniors.”（力量练习是老年人最好的运动之一。）提到力量练习运动。下文“These exercises can also improve a senior citizen’s metabolism, which can be important for the maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels and normal weight.”（这些运动还可以改善老年人的新陈代谢，这对维持健康的血糖水平和正常体重很重要。）可知，为详细介绍力量运动的好处。故可推断空格处内容为力量运动的好处。结合选项E项They help to build up muscles and make the bones stronger.（它们有助于增强肌肉，使骨骼更强壮。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 3. 上文“They can help a senior citizen have better stability, translating into lowered risk of serious falls.”（它们可以帮助老年人保持更好的稳定性，从而降低严重摔倒的风险。）可知，提到摔倒的风险。结合选项B项Such accidents tend to make them ill and weak.（这样的事故往往会使他们生病和虚弱。）中的accidents指代上文的摔倒，是上文内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 4. 由该题位于该段句首，为总结该段内容。该段下文“They help improve flexibility, making it easier for an older person to remain physically active and move around without stiffness and pain.  Additionally, stretching exercises help senior citizens avoid muscle­related injuries, which can occur in the course of exercising as well as during daily living.”（它们有助于提高灵活性，使老年人更容易保持身体活跃，走动时没有僵硬和疼痛。此外，伸展运动可以帮助老年人避免肌肉相关的损伤，这些损伤可能发生在锻炼过程中以及日常生活中。）可知，讲的是伸展运动的好处。结合选项C项Stretches are also important exercises for seniors.（对老年人来说，伸展运动也是很重要的运动。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选C项。 5. 上文“Though exercise is good for senior citizens, it is smart for seniors to speak with their doctors before starting any new exercise program.”（虽然锻炼对老年人有好处，但老年人在开始任何新的锻炼计划之前，最好先和他们的医生谈谈。）提到和医生沟通。下文“In some cases, they may also recommend avoiding certain exercises altogether.”（在某些情况下，他们可能还会建议完全避免某些运动。）可知，为具体医生建议的内容。故可推断空格处内容为医生建议的内容。结合选项F项They may suggest specific exercises and exercise frequency.（他们可能会建议具体的运动和运动频率。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 (13) Learning a language is full of fulfilling steps, from the excitement of your first conversation with a fluent speaker to the intellectual challenge of mastering grammar rules. But at some point, you need to handle an unavoidable task. 1 Here are our top tips for absorbing new English words efficiently! Flashcards are a great tool, especially for beginners. However, make sure to practice the words you learn in different contexts. For example, if you learn food-related words, try reading an English recipe to see how they're used. 2 This way, you can focus on words you've encountered in your studies, making them easier to remember. The saying “use it or lose it” applies perfectly to vocabulary. If you don’t use new words, you’ll forget them. 3 Ideally, practice it in conversation with an English speaker. For instance. after learning haircut-related vocabulary, visit an English-speaking barber to test your new words. 4 Studies show that handwriting helps you remember information better than typing. The reason isn't entirely clear, but it could be because writing requires more time and intentional movement. This simple trick can make a big difference in remembering vocabulary. Another trick is to note down the new words whenever you encounter them. Each word you record comes with its own context, making it easier to remember. 5 Over time, your notebook will become a valuable resource for expanding your vocabulary. Over time, these small intentional efforts will build a strong foundation for fluency. With patience and persistence, you'll find yourself confidently using new words in conversations, reading, and writing, bringing you closer to your language goals. A. You have to memorize a bunch of words. B. Will typing replace handwriting one day? C. There is no need to worry about your language learning. D. When you learn a word, try to use it in real-life situations. E. Start small by writing down five new words per study time. F. You can also create your own flashcards instead of using pre-made ones. G. Writing new words by hand may seem old-fashioned, but it's surprisingly effective. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. D 4. G 5. E 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学习语言时如何高效吸收新单词的几种方法。 1. 根据上文“But at some point, you need to handle an unavoidable task. Here are our top tips for absorbing new English words efficiently!（但到了某个时候，你需要处理一个不可避免的任务。）”和下文“Here are our top tips for absorbing new English words efficiently!( 以下是我们高效吸收新英语单词的顶级技巧！)”可推知，空处承上启下，说明词汇是学习语言不可避免的任务，因此推断A项“学习语言时，记忆单词是不可避免的任务。”符合语境。故选A。 2. 根据上文“However, make sure to practice the words you learn in different contexts. For example, if you learn food-related words, try reading an English recipe to see how they’re used.(但是，一定要在不同的语境中练习你学到的单词。例如，如果你学习与食物有关的单词，试着阅读英语食谱，看看它们是如何使用的。)”和下文“This way, you can focus on words you’ve encountered in your studies, making them easier to remember.(这样，你就可以专注于你在学习中遇到的单词，使它们更容易记住。)”可知，此处讲述通过在实际语境中运用学习词汇，并进行的举例说明，因此推断F项“你也可以制作自己的抽认卡，而不是使用预先制作好的抽认卡。”符合语境，进一步举例说明，呼应下文的this way，故选F。 3. 根据上文“The saying “use it or lose it” applies perfectly to vocabulary. If you don’t use new words, you’ll forget them.（“用进废退”这个说法完全适用于词汇。如果你不使用新单词，你就会忘记它们。）”可推知，此处讲述学习单词用经常使用才不会忘记，因此推断D项“当你学习一个单词时，试着在现实生活中使用它。”符合语境。故选D。 4. 根据下文“Studies show that handwriting helps you remember information better than typing.（研究表明，手写比打字更能帮助你记住信息。）”可推知，此处讲述手写更有利于记忆，因此推断G项“手写单词虽然看似过时，但效果显著。”符合语境。故选G。 5. 根据上文“Another trick is to note down the new words whenever you encounter them. Each word you record comes with its own context, making it easier to remember.（另一个技巧是每当遇到新单词时就把它们记下来。你记录的每个单词都有自己的上下文，这样更容易记住。）”和下文“Over time, your notebook will become a valuable resource for expanding your vocabulary.( 随着时间的推移，你的笔记本将成为扩大词汇量的宝贵资源。)”可推知，此处讲述遇到新单词要记下来，积少成多，有上下文的词汇更容易记住，因此推断E项“每次学习时记下五个新单词是一个不错的开始。”符合语境。故选E。 (14) People favor humor, as it lights up daily moments, eases awkwardness and makes every interaction warm and enjoyable. This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online. 1 Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge. 2 For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand. 3 Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts. Additionally, humor humanizes scientists, as seen in popular science lectures where light-hearted jokes help audiences feel closer to researchers. 4 The hidden risks deserve our attention. If the content itself is untrue, humor can even replace facts, leading the audience to form wrong opinions about scientific knowledge just based on the amusing posts they see. Overusing sarcasm or negative humor also has the opposite effect, as it will quickly make scientists lose the public’s trust and damage their credibility. Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness. 5 Scientists who master this balance can effectively narrow the divide with the public, making science more welcoming and popular. A. Overuse harms professionalism. B. It also boosts audience engagement effectively. C. It helps break the impression of scientists being cold and distant. D. A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect. E. Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though. F. It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people. G. It is believed humor needs to be used with great care in such communication. 【答案】1. D 2. F 3. B 4. E 5. A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出幽默能助力科学传播，可简化知识、提升参与度，但也存在潜在风险，科学传播中使用幽默需把握好平衡。 1. 由上文“This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online. (幽默的这种魔力不仅在日常生活中奏效，在科学领域也大放异彩，尤其是在网络上)”可知，前文指出幽默在科学领域的积极作用，空格处应承接该话题，说明幽默对科学家沟通的正面影响，D项“A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect.(一点幽默能极大地提升科学家的沟通效果)”符合语境，承接上文的“shines in the field of science”，总起下文对幽默作用的具体阐述。故选D项。 2. 由上文“Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge.(首先，幽默能简化晦涩的科学知识)”可知，此处强调幽默对理解复杂科学知识的作用，空格处应进一步解释该作用，F项“It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people.(它有助于让普通人理解复杂的概念)”符合语境，其中“making complex concepts understandable”与上文“simplifies tough scientific knowledge”相呼应，衔接紧密。故选F项。 3. 由下文“Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts.(科学家们在社交媒体上分享实验室实验的趣味故事，往往比枯燥的学术帖子吸引更多互动)”可知，后文说明幽默能提升观众的参与度，空格处应提出该观点，B项“It also boosts audience engagement effectively.(它还能有效提高观众的参与度)”符合语境，其中“boosts audience engagement”与下文“attract more interactions”相呼应，“also”承接上文幽默的第一个作用，形成并列。故选B项。 4. 由下文“The hidden risks deserve our attention.(其潜在的风险值得我们关注)”可知，后文转而讲述幽默在科学传播中的负面问题，空格处应起到转折过渡的作用，指出幽默的双重性，E项“Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though.(不过，科学传播中的幽默是一把双刃剑)”符合语境，承接上文对幽默积极作用的阐述，引出下文的风险分析，形成转折。故选E项。 5. 由上文“Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness.(合理使用幽默需要在生动表达和专业严谨之间找到平衡。既不能掩盖核心的科学信息，也不能过于肤浅而失去严肃性)”可知，前文强调使用幽默的分寸，空格处应承接该内容，指出不当使用的危害，A项“Overuse harms professionalism.(过度使用会损害专业性)”符合语境，其中“Overuse”对应上文“neither...nor...”的不当使用情况，“harms professionalism”呼应“professional precision”，且为下文“掌握平衡拉近与公众距离”做反向铺垫。故选A项。 (15) Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work. 1 They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables. The result is that we are wired to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable. 2 They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort? 3 A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task. Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy. 4 Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway? 5 But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better. A. Tackle them when we’re in a good mood. B. Doing things like hard work can seem abnormal. C. Our brains label effort as bad because it’s hard work. D. We should be creative and open-minded when doing tasks. E. This is called mindset fault, the tendency to do right things. F. When we feel like this, our brains want to save mental energy. G. But we can reduce the response by challenging ourselves to be innovative. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. A 4. G 5. B 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文从科学的角度分析了为什么人们有畏难情绪，并且给出了相应的解决措施。 1. 根据上文“Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work.(问任何人最近感觉如何，他们很可能会回答某种形式的“筋疲力尽”。我们厌倦了在不确定的情况下运作。我们厌倦了平衡照顾孩子和工作)”以及后文“They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables.(它们将我们的注意力引导到最容易获得的信息上，以帮助我们快速做出决定，而无需适当地考虑所有变量)”可知，上文提到大脑有厌倦感，可推知本句承接上文，解释为什么会有这种感觉。故F选项“当我们有这种感觉时，我们的大脑想要保存精神能量”符合语境，故选F。 2. 根据后文“They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort?(他们默认感觉“正常”。这些网络在我们的思维中如此之深，以至于当我们走在一条新的、充满挑战的道路上时，我们的车轮默认回到了磨损的凹槽。那么，当我们的大脑不断告诉我们要避免努力时，我们如何去做困难的事情呢？)”可知，后文提到大脑会告知我们避免努力，本句说明原因。故C选项“我们的大脑认为努力是不好的，因为它是辛苦的工作”符合语境，故选C。 3. 根据后文“A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task.(2016年的一项研究发现，当人们感到沮丧时，他们不太可能尝试去做困难的事情。然而，当他们感到乐观时，他们更有可能承担那些艰难但重要的任务，最终使生活变得更好。让自己进入正确心态的一种方法是做所谓的“重新评估”，在这个过程中，我们在大脑中创造一个我们如何看待任务的转变)”可知，后文的研究表明，在乐观的心态下更有可能承担那些艰难但重要的任务，最终使生活变得更好，说明要在积极的心态下去处理困难的任务。故A选项“当我们心情好的时候处理它们”符合语境，故选A。 4. 根据上文“Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy.(此外，我们必须给我们的大脑适当的自主权。当我们有选择的时候，我们的大脑通常会选择一些简单的东西)”以及后文“Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway?(把它放在工作环境中：我是想尝试一个新的项目管理工具，这可能会让我的团队下周的工作变得更容易，还是想坚持使用一个前员工建立的、我们都不太喜欢的表格？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出大脑喜欢选择简单的东西，但是可以采取方法来减少这种倾向。故G选项“但是我们可以通过挑战自己的创新来减少这种反应”符合语境，故选G。 5. 根据后文“But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better.(但是通过了解你的大脑中发生了什么，你可以努力完成困难的事情，更好地管理你的恐惧)”可知，后文提到了解大脑可以让我们完成困难的事情，可知后文与本句为转折关系，推测本句是在说明完成困难的工作在大脑看来不太寻常。故B选项“做艰苦的工作看起来不正常”符合语境，故选B。 (16) According to a 2024 attention study by King’s College London, 49% of the UK public are experiencing “popcorn (爆米花) brain”, a mental state featuring divided attention and wandering thoughts. 1 In response to the findings, psychologist Tina Chummun gives her top tips. Adopt the mind map method. To manage a distracted (分心的) mind, write down everything, like appointments, worries and to-dos, without organizing it initially. Once everything is on paper, group these into life areas like work or emotional wellbeing. 2 This creates order and gives your brain permission to concentrate. Every time you feel your thoughts wandering, give yourself three seconds — breathe in, name what you’re feeling, and redirect your focus. 3 By doing so, you may turn down the heat when your brain is working overtime. Minimizing tech is also the key to getting back on track in your daily life. A full digital withdrawal is unrealistic. 4 Then it could be followed by a five-minute screen time reward. It teaches your brain to tolerate stillness without feeling punished. 5 At first, you may feel bored, as popcorn brain likes being ‘go go go’ to feel safe. “Go for a walk without music, or simply stare out your window,” suggests Tina. “Sit in silence and observe your thoughts. Let your brain breathe. It is sometimes exactly what your nervous system needs.” So, are you ready to quiet the mental popcorn and get your focus back? A. Allow space in your day for doing nothing. B. So, what’s making our brains pop like popcorn? C. Instead, go totally screen-free for 25-30 minutes. D. Starving distractions and feeding focus is a nice idea. E. Then ask yourself: what matters now and what can wait? F. They feel their attention less focused and deep thinking rarer. G. This practice enables you to slow down and manage emotions. 【答案】1. F 2. E 3. G 4. C 5. A 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以伦敦国王学院2024年的一项注意力研究为切入点，指出英国49%的公众正受“爆米花大脑”（注意力分散、思绪飘忽的精神状态）困扰，随后心理学家蒂娜·丘蒙针对该问题提出了思维导图法、思绪回归训练、减少科技使用、留白独处等四条实用解决建议。 1. 上文“According to a 2024 attention study by King’s College London, 49% of the UK public are experiencing ‘popcorn (爆米花) brain’, a mental state featuring divided attention and wandering thoughts. (根据伦敦国王学院2024年的一项注意力研究，49%的英国公众正经历“爆米花大脑”，这种精神状态的特点是注意力分散、思绪飘忽。)”定义了“爆米花大脑”并说明其高发率，下文“In response to the findings, psychologist Tina Chummun gives her top tips. (针对这些发现，心理学家蒂娜·丘蒙给出了她的顶级建议。)”引出解决建议。F项“他们感觉自己的注意力不太集中，深度思考也更少见了。”承接上文，“they”指代前文“49% of the UK public”，“注意力不太集中”“深度思考少见”是对“注意力分散、思绪飘忽”的进一步阐释，让读者更清晰理解“爆米花大脑”的表现，衔接自然。故选F。 2. 上文“Adopt the mind map method. To manage a distracted (分心的) mind, write down everything, like appointments, worries and to-dos, without organizing it initially. Once everything is on paper, group these into life areas like work or emotional wellbeing. (采用思维导图法。为了管理分心的大脑，先把所有事情都写下来，比如约会、担忧和待办事项，一开始不用整理。一旦所有事情都写在纸上，就把它们归类到工作、情感健康等生活领域。)”详细介绍了思维导图法的前两个步骤——记录和归类，下文“This creates order and gives your brain permission to concentrate. (这能建立秩序，让你的大脑可以集中注意力。)”说明该方法的效果。E项“然后问问自己：现在什么重要，什么可以等一等？”作为思维导图法的第三步，承接前文的“记录和归类”流程，通过设问筛选优先级，进而实现下文“建立秩序、集中注意力”的效果，逻辑连贯。故选E。 3. 上文“Every time you feel your thoughts wandering, give yourself three seconds — breathe in, name what you’re feeling, and redirect your focus. (每次你感觉思绪飘忽时，给自己三秒钟——吸气，说出你的感受，然后重新集中注意力。)”介绍了思绪回归训练的具体操作，下文“By doing so, you may turn down the heat when your brain is working overtime.” (通过这样做，当你的大脑过度运转时，你可能会降温。)”说明该训练的作用。G项“这种练习能让你慢下来，管理情绪。”解释了该训练的直接效果，“this practice”指代上文的三秒训练法，“慢下来”对应“吸气”的动作，“管理情绪”对应“说出你的感受”，且为下文“大脑降温”的深层效果做铺垫。故选G。 4. 上文“Minimizing tech is also the key to getting back on track in your daily life. A full digital withdrawal is unrealistic. (减少科技产品使用也是日常生活中回归正轨的关键。完全脱离数字产品是不现实的。)”提出减少科技使用的建议并指出完全脱离不现实，下文“Then it could be followed by a five-minute screen time reward. (然后可以给五分钟的屏幕使用时间作为奖励。)”说明后续的奖励机制。C项“相反，完全不使用屏幕25到30分钟。”通过“instead”承接上文“完全脱离不现实”，给出切实可行的替代方案——短时间不使用屏幕，“25到30分钟”与下文“五分钟奖励”形成时长搭配，构成“限制并奖励”的有效模式，逻辑清晰。故选C。 5. 下文“At first, you may feel bored, as popcorn brain likes being ‘go go go’ to feel safe. “Go for a walk without music, or simply stare out your window,” suggests Tina. “Sit in silence and observe your thoughts. Let your brain breathe. (一开始，你可能会感到无聊，因为“爆米花大脑”喜欢一直“忙忙碌碌”才觉得安全。蒂娜建议：“不带音乐散步，或者只是盯着窗外。”“安静地坐着，观察自己的思绪。让你的大脑呼吸。”)”具体描述了“什么都不做”的放松方式及其意义。A项“在一天中留出时间什么都不做。”作为该段主题句，精准概括下文内容，“留出时间什么都不做”与下文“不带音乐散步”“安静坐着”等具体做法相呼应，符合段落主旨。故选A。 (17) When it comes to humour, every culture has its own unique flavour. British humour, in particular, is a fascinating and often puzzling phenomenon for outsiders. It’s a style of comedy that doesn’t always rely on obvious jokes or punchlines (笑点). 1 Understanding these key characteristics can make watching a British comedy show a much more enjoyable and less confusing experience. 2 For instance, sarcasm, which is a fundamental ingredient, often involves saying the opposite of what one means, with a straight face that makes it tricky to detect. A British person might say, “Lovely weather we’re having,” during a heavy downpour. The humour lies not in the words themselves, but in the shared understanding of the irony (讽刺) between the speaker and the listener. Another defining feature is a love for absurdity and surreal (超现实的) situations. British comedies frequently present characters in unusual, illogical scenarios that unfold in the most unexpected ways. The audience finds itself laughing at the ridiculousness of the dilemma. 3 You might see a comedy about a government department solely responsible for handling lost cheese, which is played with seriousness by the actors. Furthermore, self-mockery, the ability to laugh at oneself, is at the heart of British comedy. Unlike cultures where confidence is celebrated, Brits often make themselves the target of the joke. They readily point out their own flaws, failures, and social awkwardness. When a character trips over and then makes a witty remark about their own clumsiness, it’s a classic example of this trait in action. Brits fear being seen as taking themselves too seriously. 4 So, the next time you watch a British sitcom, don’t worry if you don’t burst out laughing immediately. Appreciating this unique comedic style requires looking beyond the surface. 5 Once you learn to spot the irony, absurdity, and self-mockery, you’ll unlock a rich and wonderfully strange world of comedy that is as clever as it is entertaining. A. The actors’ delivery is always exaggerated. B. Instead, it thrives on irony, absurdity, and self-mockery. C. For one thing, it is deeply rooted in irony and understatement. D. To truly ‘get’ it, you need to tune into its distinctive frequency. E. This form of humour can be traced back to historical class structures. F. Laughing at oneself is considered a virtue and a form of social bonding. G. Celebrating the unreasonable, it finds joy in the breakdown of normal logic. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. G 4. F 5. D 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英式幽默的几个典型特征：反讽、荒诞和自嘲，并说明如何理解这种独特的喜剧风格。 1. 根据上文“It’s a style of comedy that doesn’t always rely on obvious jokes or punchlines. (这是一种并不总是依赖明显笑话或笑点的喜剧风格。)”以及下文“Understanding these key characteristics can make watching a British comedy show a much more enjoyable and less confusing experience. (了解这些关键特征可以让观看英国喜剧节目成为一种更愉快、更不困惑的体验。)”可知，上文说英式幽默不总是依赖明显的笑话或笑点，下文则提到了解关键特征的好处，B选项“Instead, it thrives on irony, absurdity, and self-mockery. (相反，它以反讽、荒诞和自嘲见长。)”承接上文，指出英式幽默的特点，且与下文提到的“key characteristics”相呼应。故选B项。 2. 根据下文“For instance, sarcasm, which is a fundamental ingredient, often involves saying the opposite of what one means, with a straight face that makes it tricky to detect. (例如，讽刺作为一种基本要素，常常是说反话，却面无表情，这使其难以被察觉。)”可知，本段主要介绍英式幽默以讽刺和轻描淡写为特点，C选项“For one thing, it is deeply rooted in irony and understatement. (首先，它深深植根于反讽和轻描淡写之中。)”引出下文，且与上文提到的“key characteristics”相呼应。故选C项。 3. 根据上文“Another defining feature is a love for absurdity and surreal situations. British comedies frequently present characters in unusual, illogical scenarios that unfold in the most unexpected ways. The audience finds itself laughing at the ridiculousness of the dilemma. (另一个显著特征是对荒诞和超现实情境的喜爱。英国喜剧常常让角色处于不同寻常、不合逻辑的场景中，而这些场景会以最出人意料的方式展开。观众会因这种困境的荒谬可笑而发笑。)”可知，本段主要介绍英式幽默的荒诞性，G选项“Celebrating the unreasonable, it finds joy in the breakdown of normal logic. (它颂扬不合理的事物，并在正常逻辑的崩塌中找到乐趣。)”承接上文，进一步解释荒诞性，且其中的“the unreasonable”“breakdown of normal logic”与上文的“absurdity”“surreal situations”“ridiculousness”相呼应。故选G项。 4. 根据上文“Furthermore, self-mockery, the ability to laugh at oneself, is at the heart of British comedy. Unlike cultures where confidence is celebrated, Brits often make themselves the target of the joke. They readily point out their own flaws, failures, and social awkwardness. When a character trips over and then makes a witty remark about their own clumsiness, it’s a classic example of this trait in action. Brits fear being seen as taking themselves too seriously. (此外，自嘲，即自嘲的能力，是英国喜剧的核心。与那些推崇自信的文化不同，英国人常常把自己当作笑话的目标。他们乐于指出自己的缺点、失败和社交上的笨拙。当一个角色绊倒后，还能就自己的笨拙发表一句风趣的评论时，这就是这种特质在实际中的典型例子。英国人害怕被人认为过于把自己当回事。)”可知，本段主要介绍英式幽默的自我嘲笑，F选项“Laughing at oneself is considered a virtue and a form of social bonding. (嘲笑自己被认为是一种美德，也是一种社交纽带。)”承接上文，解释了为什么英国人喜欢自嘲。故选F项。 5. 根据上文“So, the next time you watch a British sitcom, don’t worry if you don’t burst out laughing immediately. Appreciating this unique comedic style requires looking beyond the surface. (所以，下次你看英国情景喜剧时，如果你没有立刻笑出来，也不要担心。欣赏这种独特的喜剧风格需要超越表面。)”以及下文“Once you learn to spot the irony, absurdity, and self-mockery, you’ll unlock a rich and wonderfully strange world of comedy that is as clever as it is entertaining. (一旦你学会发现反讽、荒诞和自嘲，你就会打开一个丰富而奇妙的喜剧世界，这个世界既聪明又有趣。)”可知，上文说欣赏英式幽默需要超越表面，下文则提到学会发现英式幽默的特点就能打开喜剧世界，D选项“To truly ‘get’ it, you need to tune into its distinctive frequency. (要真正“理解”它，你需要调整到它独特的频率。)”承接上文，指出要真正理解英式幽默需要调整到其独特的频率，且与下文提到的“learn to spot”相呼应。故选D项。 (18) Experiencing bad dreams every night can be horrifying for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb the sleep and make a person feel stressed throughout the next day. 1 Before knowing how to get rid of bad dreams, we need to understand what can result in them. Researches have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, he is more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. 2 For instance, if you’re overworked, learn to take things slow. Don’t be ambitious to the point that it starts affecting your health. Besides, some trauma (损伤) that a person might have experienced recently or in the past which they’re unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. Death of a very close family member is often seen to be the reason behind recurrent nightmares. 3 Eating fatty and high-protein foods in dinner is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. 4 Taking a light dinner of soups and salad is the best, both for the health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases. Besides these, there are many other things a person can do to have a good night’s sleep. For example, your bedroom should be the most comfortable place in the world. It’s advisable to get rid of all electronic gadgets including television. 5 So, from now on try to be a happy and positive person. A. Almost everyone has this experience. B. Take proper exercises and this might help you. C. Bad dreams occurring because of these reasons can be stopped if the diet is changed. D. That’s why one should take steps to stop them as soon as they become an everyday occurrence. E. In such a case, taking therapy and dealing with the trauma is the only solution to stop bad dreams. F. In addition, if you have negative thoughts, it can have side effects on the kind of dreams you have. G. So, to stop bad dreams, it’s necessary to find out the causes of physical and mental stress in your life. 【答案】1. D 2. G 3. E 4. C 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了噩梦的危害、成因及应对方法，帮助人们了解如何改善噩梦问题以提升睡眠质量。 1. 上文“Experiencing bad dreams every night can be horrifying for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb the sleep and make a person feel stressed throughout the next day. (每晚做噩梦对任何人来说都是可怕的，噩梦会扰乱睡眠，让人在第二天感到压力)”说明了噩梦的危害，下文“Before knowing how to get rid of bad dreams, we need to understand what can result in them. (在了解如何摆脱噩梦之前，我们需要了解是什么导致了噩梦)”提到应对之法。D选项“所以一旦噩梦变成日常，就该采取措施阻止它们”衔接上文的“噩梦危害”，引出下文的“应对方法”，符合语境。故选D。 2. 上文“Researches have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, he is more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. (研究表明，当人处于某种身体或精神压力下时，他更容易做噩梦和睡眠紊乱)”指出压力是噩梦的成因之一，下文“For instance, if you’re overworked, learn to take things slow. (比如，如果你工作过度，要学会放慢节奏)”是缓解压力的具体建议。G选项“因此，要停止噩梦，需找出生活中身心压力的成因”承接上文的“压力成因”，引出下文的“缓解建议”，符合语境。故选G。 3. 上文“Besides, some trauma (损伤) that a person might have experienced recently or in the past which they’re unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. Death of a very close family member is often seen to be the reason behind recurrent nightmares. (此外，一个人最近或过去可能经历过的一些无法克服的创伤，这会让人做噩梦。亲人离世通常是反复噩梦的原因)”指出创伤是噩梦的成因，E选项“这种情况下，接受治疗、处理创伤是停止噩梦的唯一办法”中的dealing with the trauma呼应上文的“创伤导致噩梦”，符合语境。故选E。 4. 上文“Eating fatty and high-protein foods in dinner is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. (晚餐吃高脂高蛋白食物也会导致一些人作噩梦)”指出饮食是噩梦的成因，下文“Taking a light dinner of soups and salad is the best, both for the health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases. (晚餐吃清淡的汤和沙拉是最好的，既对健康有益，在某些情况下也能防止睡眠受到干扰)”是饮食调整建议。C选项“因这些原因产生的噩梦可通过改变饮食来停止”中的“these reasons”对应上文的“饮食原因”，引出下文的“饮食建议”，符合语境。故选C。 5. 下文“So, from now on try to be a happy and positive person. (所以，从现在起要做快乐积极的人)”提出要保持积极的心态。F选项“此外，如果你有消极想法，它会对你所做的梦产生副作用”说明消极想法对梦境的影响，与下文的“积极心态的建议”形成因果关联，符合语境。故选F。 (19) Humans are now up against a series of new demanding issues that are leading to dramatic change to our lifestyles: climate change, threatening infectious diseases, and increasing urbanization. 1 Hydroponic (水培的) farming has strong potential to relieve the threats these issues pose to our agricultural system. Growing crops in near perfect conditions using controlled environment agriculture technology is one of the biggest benefits of hydroponic farming. Crops grown indoors and hydroponically can be grown anywhere at any time of the year. 2 Hydroponic farming has the potential to provide fresh, local food for areas with extreme droughts and low soil quality, such as in sub-Saharan Africa. 3 Keeping crop production in a controlled environment enables trained scientists and advanced climate control technology to improve the inputs of water, nutrients, and light fed to the plants. For example, sensors can measure the amount and nutrient content of the water that each plant consumes. This gives farmers insight into the amount of unused water and nutrients by the plants at each stage of growth. 4 5 For small, start-up farmers, entering into the hydroponic farming world can come with high costs associated with renting the space, loans, the renovation (翻修) of a building or space to accommodate the hydroponic structures, initial costs for materials, and costs of the labor and electricity to keep the farm up and running. While these entry costs are high, hydroponic farms have the potential to turn underused buildings into farmland to serve the community and create jobs. A. The only condition is sufficient water resources. B. Access to green vegetables is often limited there. C. The exhaustion of natural resources is also a factor. D. They are not subject to weather and soil conditions. E. It would be great if we could grow plants without water. F. Thus, they can adjust input quality and quantity for plants. G. However, these advantages do not come without challenges. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. F 5. G 【难度】0.65 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类面临气候变化、资源枯竭等诸多问题，水培农业凭借不受天气土壤限制、精准调控水肥等优势可缓解农业威胁，但初创农民需应对高成本挑战，其仍有转化闲置建筑等潜力。 1. 根据前文“Humans are now up against a series of new demanding issues that are leading dramatic change to our lifestyles: climate change, threatening infectious diseases, and increasing urbanization.(人类现在面临着一系列新的严峻问题，这些问题正导致我们的生活方式发生巨大变化：气候变化、传染性疾病的威胁以及日益加剧的城市化。)”列举了人类面临的三大挑战——气候变化、传染性疾病、城市化加剧，空格需补充另一相关挑战，与前文形成“并列列举”逻辑，且为后文“Hydroponic (水培的) farming has strong potential to relieve the threats these issues pose to our agricultural system.(水培农业有很大的潜力来缓解这些问题对我们农业系统造成的威胁。)”“水培农业缓解农业系统威胁”铺垫。C项“The exhaustion of natural resources is also a factor.( 自然资源的枯竭也是一个因素。)”中“exhaustion of natural resources”是与农业相关的重要挑战，符合“威胁农业系统”的核心语境，“also a factor”承接前文“a series of new demanding issues”，使列举更完整。故选C项。 2. 根据前文“Crops grown indoors and hydroponically can be grown anywhere at any time of the year.(室内种植和水培的作物可以在一年中的任何时间在任何地方种植。)”强调水培农业的核心优势，空格需解释其“不受环境限制”的原因，承接 “anywhere at any time”的核心优势。D项“They are not subject to weather and soil conditions.(它们不受天气和土壤条件的影响。)”直接呼应“室内种植”的特点，解释了水培农业能突破地域和季节限制的关键。故选D项。 3. 根据前文“Hydroponic farming has the potential to provide fresh, local food for areas with extreme droughts and low soil quality, such as in sub-Saharan Africa.(水培农业有可能为极端干旱和土壤质量低的地区提供新鲜的当地食物，比如撒哈拉以南非洲地区。)”提到水培农业可为撒哈拉以南非洲等干旱、土壤贫瘠地区提供新鲜本地食物。B项“Access to green vegetables is often limited there.(在那里获得绿色蔬菜的途径通常有限。)”中“there”指代前文“sub-Saharan Africa”，明确该地区的食物短缺问题，承接上文内容，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 4. 根据前文“For example, sensors can measure the amount and nutrient content of the water that each plant consumes. This gives farmers insight into the amount of unused water and nutrients by the plants at each stage of growth. (例如，传感器可以测量每种植物消耗的水量和营养成分。这使农民能够了解植物在每个生长阶段未使用的水和养分的数量。)”提到“传感器可监测植物消耗的水分和养分，了解未利用的量”，空格需体现“监测数据”的作用，形成“监测→分析→调整”的因果逻辑。F项“Thus, they can adjust input quality and quantity for plants.( 因此，他们可以调整植物的投入质量和数量。)”是监测数据的直接应用，“thus”承接前文“insight into the amount of unused water and nutrients”，说明水培农业“精准种植”的优势，符合“可控环境农业”的核心特点。故选F项。 5. 根据前文全段论述水培农业的优势（不受环境限制、精准种植、缓解资源压力），后文“For small, start-up farmers, entering into the hydroponic farming world can come with high costs associated with renting the space, loans, the renovation (翻修) of a building or space to accommodate the hydroponic structures, initial costs for materials, and costs of the labor and electricity to keep the farm up and running. (对于刚起步的小农户来说，进入水培农业的世界可能会伴随着高昂的成本，包括租用空间、贷款、装修建筑或空间以容纳水培结构、材料的初始成本、以及维持农场运转的劳动力和电力成本。)”转而提到“初创农民面临高成本”的问题，空格需起到“转折过渡”作用，引出后文的挑战。G项“However, these advantages do not come without challenges.( 然而，这些优势并非没有挑战。)”中“However”明确转折，“these advantages”指代前文提到的水培农业优势，“do not come without challenges”直接引出后文“高成本”的具体问题，符合段落结构逻辑。故选G项。 (20) Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t. 1 And what drives some people to take the moral high ground? Jessie Sun interviewed 952 people about the motivations(动机) for moral behavior and the changes they wished to make in their lives in order to become more morally good. When we think about morals, we often think about making “personal sacrifices(牺牲)” for the greater good. In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves. 2 And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general. Moreover, many people believe that acting more morally—for example, being more thoughtful, more open-minded—would increase their own well-being. The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change. 3 That was the most surprising finding in the study. 4 Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest. You can imagine that some people regularly tell white lies to save other people’s feelings, and they believe it would be hurtful if they were honest. Researchers also asked people about the things they’d like to improve about themselves. If they’re extremely shy, they usually want to become more comfortable in social situations. But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose. 5 A. How can we become more moral? B. So, why do we make these choices? C. Being moral just isn’t what most people consider first. D. Being moral means different things to different people. E. But people see some disadvantages of being moral, too. F. In short, many people want to become more moral for their own benefits. G. Sixteen percent said that they most wanted to become more moral for their family. 【答案】1. B 2. G 3. F 4. E 5. C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们决定变得有道德背后的动机。 1. 前文“Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize (抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t. (每天，我们都面临着一系列做正确事情的机会。有时我们会抓住这些时刻；其他时候，我们不会。)”提到了有的时候我们会抓住机会做正确的事情，而有的时候则不会。后文“And what drives some people to take the moral high ground?(是什么驱使一些人走上道德高地？)”提出了对这种情况的另一个疑问。由此可知，空处应是对前文所述情况提出的疑问，B项“那么，我们为什么会做出这些决定？”符合题意。故选B。 2. 前文“In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves.(在孙的研究中，她发现近一半的参与者表示，他们最受鼓励的是为自己变得更有道德。)”讲述了近一半参与者想为自己变得有道德。后文“And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general.(更少的参与者表示，他们最想让朋友和普通人受益。)”讲述了较少的参与者想为朋友和普通人变得有道德。空处应承上启下，讲述参与者为其他原因而变得有道德，G项“16%的人表示，他们最想为自己的家庭变得更有道德。”符合题意。故选G。 3. 前文“The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change.(他们越是相信自己的道德改变会给自己带来积极的结果，他们就越是被鼓励做出这种改变。)”讲述了相信道德上的改变会给自己带来积极的结果会让人们有动力去改变，空处应进一步对这种行为进行评价，F项“简言之，许多人想要为了让自己受益而变得更有道德。”符合题意。故选F。 4. 空处是本段主旨句。根据下文中的“Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest.(有趣的是，参与者通常认为，如果他们诚实的话，可能会对自己和他人造成伤害。)”可知，有道德可能会产生伤害，所以E项“但人们也看到了道德的一些弊端。”符合题意。故选E。 5. 前文“But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose.(但如果他们不是特别诚实或体贴，他们通常不会故意改善生活的这些方面。)”可知，人们不会有意去改善自己道德上的不足，空处应承接上文，对上文进一步进行说明，C项“道德并不是大多数人首先考虑的。”符合题意。故选C。 (21) Could Viewing Art Be the Next Public Health prescription (处方药)? In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic (疗愈性的) alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before masterpieces, their stress and inflammation (炎症) levels dropped compared with those of volunteers viewing reproductions. 1 That art can lift spirits is well known. 2 A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. 3 Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the “mental trappings of daily life.” Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives. “When you experience an artwork, you don’t just see it, but you feel it,” the art historian Katy Hessel writes. “The best thing we can do is take time with it.” Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world. 4 Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves. Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily. 5 After all, science has spoken for this. A. But that it calms the body is novel. B. So we should make art more accessible to all. C. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. D. Galleries bring us face to face with human genius. E. But this seems to be key to art’s therapeutic powers. F. Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery? G. Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了欣赏艺术品对身心健康产生的积极影响，并通过多项科学研究加以论证，提出了未来“艺术处方”的可能性。 1. 前文“In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. (在一个以倦怠和刷屏为特征的时代，一种疗愈性的替代方案正挂在美术馆的墙上。)”提出问题背景并隐喻性地提出解决方案，后文“That art can lift spirits is well known. (艺术能振奋精神是众所周知的。)”转向陈述普遍认知。空处需要一个衔接句，既承接前文的“替代方案”隐喻，又为后文的普遍认知转折做铺垫。G项“Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow. (科学表明，原作是一种可以观看而非吞服的药物。)”用“科学表明”将前文的比喻具体化为一个科学论断，同时“可以观看而非吞服的药物”与后文“能振奋精神”共同构成艺术不同层面的益处，逻辑衔接紧密。故选G。 2. 前文“That art can lift spirits is well known. (艺术能振奋精神是众所周知的。)”是普遍的精神层面认知，后文“A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health --- relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. (伦敦国王学院的一项研究要求参与者在佩戴传感器的情况下观看19世纪后印象派大师的作品。一半人在美术馆看原作，另一半在实验室看复制品。结果很明确：去美术馆对你的身体健康有益——缓解压力、降低心脏病风险，还能增强免疫系统。)”是具体的身体益处研究。空处需要一个转折，从“精神”转向“身体”，并提示这个新发现。A项“But that it calms the body is novel. (但它能使身体平静这一点却是新颖的。)”通过“But”进行语义转折，“calms the body”与后文研究的“relieving stress... good for your physical health”直接对应，“novel”则点明这是新的发现。故选A。 3. 前文“The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. (结果很明确：去美术馆对你的身体健康有益——缓解压力、降低心脏病风险，还能增强免疫系统。)”是一项研究的结论，后文“Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the ‘mental trappings of daily life.’ Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives. (今年初夏，剑桥大学的一个心理学家团队进行了一个类似的项目，以展示欣赏艺术之美如何帮助人们摆脱‘日常生活的精神困境’。此外，《自然》杂志的一篇评论也表明艺术可以在公共健康中发挥作用。在其悠久的历史中，《柳叶刀》杂志最近首次发表了一篇摄影散文，展示艺术如何提升生活。)”是多项其他证据。空处应承上启下，总结前文的观点并引出更多的证据支持。C项“There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. (有越来越多的证据支持这一观点。)”中的“that opinion”指代前文“艺术有益健康”的观点，“growing evidence”则引出后文列举的剑桥研究、《自然》杂志评论和《柳叶刀》文章，起到了自然的过渡作用。故选C。 4. 前文引用了艺术史学家的观点和作者的评论“The best thing we can do is take time with it. Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world.(我们能做的最好的事情就是花时间与它相处。当然，时间正是我们在当今快节奏世界中所缺乏的。)”强调了花时间欣赏艺术的重要性及其与现实时间匮乏之间的矛盾。后文“ Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves.(美术馆是静谧、令人沉思的空间。在这里，我们不再滑动屏幕，而是真正开始凝视。深度沉浸于一件艺术作品之中，创造出一种“心理距离”，使我们得以观照并在他者中获得愉悦。)”具体描述了画廊环境和深度参与艺术带来的心理益处。由此可知，空处应点明“花时间”这一行为与艺术疗愈效果之间的关键联系。选项E“But this seems to be key to art's therapeutic powers.(但这似乎是艺术治疗力量的关键。)”中“this”明确指代前文完整句意所强调的“花时间欣赏艺术”这一核心建议，后文则是对此关键作用（即创造“心理距离”）的具体阐述，形成因果解释，衔接自然，故选E。 5. 前文“Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily.(今天我们被建议锻炼和健康饮食。)”列举了常规的健康建议。后文“After all, science has spoken for this.(毕竟，科学已经为此说话了。)”总结指出科学为前述观点提供了依据。由此可知，空处应提出一个与常规健康建议并列的新建议，且该建议同样有科学支持。选项F“Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery?(医生会很快开出去当地画廊的处方吗？)”以设问形式，将“参观画廊”类比为一种可被“处方”的健康干预手段，与前文的“锻炼、健康饮食”建议相呼应，后文的“this”即指代该设问观点，表明科学已为其提供证据，逻辑合理，故选F。 (22) Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. 【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. C 【难度】0.65 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。 1. 由上文“He even recorded various types of laughter.”(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项“He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information.”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。 2. 由上文“In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies.”(2016年在加州大学进行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文“On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的: 在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的最后一步，A选项“Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers.”(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。 3. 由上文“Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace.”(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后“The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text.”(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母“e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对空前内容进一步描写，B选项“This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources.”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中“break”呼应上句中的“pause”，都表示“暂停”，故选B。 4. 由上文“The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win.”(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文“Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group.”(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项“However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers.”(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个正确答案。)符合，其中“10 correct answers”与上文“making 10 correct assessments in a row”相呼应，故选E。 5. 根据下文“Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group.”(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C选项“The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand.”(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中“long multiplication questions by hand.”和下文中的“this boring task”相呼应，故选C。 (23) We’ve all encountered a “know-it-all” — someone who eagerly lectures on any topic, regardless of expertise, often frustrating those who actually know better. 1 One explanation is “naive realism,” the idea that people naturally believe their view of the world reflects objective truth. In reality, all perceptions are shaped by personal biases (偏见), memories, and emotions, creating a unique perspective for each individual. Yet many fail to recognize this, assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong. 2 Another potential cognitive bias at work is the “illusion (错觉) of information adequacy”. 3 For instance, someone who sees a classmate avoiding sports might assume they’re just lazy, without considering other reasons, such as an injury. This illusion leads some to believe they know more than they actually do. 4 Expressing opinions can be a way of establishing superiority and a sense of dominance in social settings. There’s also the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is cognitive bias. 5 Their lack of insight prevents them from recognizing when others have more knowledge than they do. As a result, they may confidently argue their points, even against experts. Ultimately, a know-it-all’s behavior may come from a combination of biases and social needs. Ironically, to become a know-it-all, one must truly know too little. A. This tendency to voice opinions can create tension. B. For some, this belief becomes an urge to “correct” others. C. These individuals often feel a responsibility to educate others. D. Some people might also be driven by a need for status or control. E. People often feel confident in their judgments, even without enough evidence. F. People with limited knowledge in an area tend to overestimate their knowledge. G. But why do some people assume they know more about every subject than anyone? 【答案】1. G 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. F 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了为何一些人会成为“万事通”，探讨了背后的心理学原因及认知偏差。 1. 上文“We’ve all encountered a “know-it-all” — someone who eagerly lectures on any topic, regardless of expertise, often frustrating those who actually know better.(我们都遇到过“万事通”——这类人无论是否专业，都热衷于就任何话题滔滔不绝地发表意见，这常常让那些真正更懂行的人感到恼火)”描述了“万事通”这类人的特点。下文则开始解释为什么会出现这种现象，空处应是一个过渡句，引出下文对这种现象的解释。选项G“但是为什么有些人会认为自己比任何人都更了解每一门学科呢？”以提问形式引出对行为动机的探讨，符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，故选G。 2. 上文“Yet many fail to recognize this, assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong.(然而，许多人未能意识到这一点，他们认为任何与自己观点不同的人都是错的)”说明许多人认为任何与自己观点不同的人都是错的。选项B“对一些人来说，这种信念变成了一种“纠正”他人的冲动”中的“this belief”指代前文“认为自己正确”的心态，且与上文中的“assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong”相呼应，进一步解释了这种信念会导致人们产生什么样的行为，即想要“纠正”他人，故选B。 3. 上文“Another potential cognitive bias at work is the “illusion of information adequacy”(另一种潜在的认知偏差是“信息充足错觉”)”说明另一种潜在的认知偏差是“信息充足错觉”。下文“For instance, someone who sees a classmate avoiding sports might assume they’re just lazy, without considering other reasons, such as an injury.(例如，有人看到同学不参加体育活动，可能会认为他们只是懒惰，而不会考虑其他原因，比如受伤)”举例说明了这种错觉的具体表现，，空处应是对“信息充足错觉”的进一步解释。选项E“人们常常对自己的判断感到自信，即使没有足够的证据”直接解释了“信息不足却自信判断”的核心特征，与“错觉”的定义及例子高度契合，符合语境，故选E。 4. 下文“Expressing opinions can be a way of establishing superiority and a sense of dominance in social settings.(在社交场合中，发表意见可以是一种建立优越感和控制感的方式)”说明表达观点可能是为了确立优越感和控制感，空处应是一个总起句，引出下文关于人们发表意见的动机的讨论。选项D“有些人也可能是出于对地位或控制的需要”中的“status or control”与下文“superiority and a sense of dominance”形成同义替换，揭示了社交需求（地位、控制欲）的驱动作用，引出新的原因维度，符合语境，故选D。 5. 上文“There’s also the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is cognitive bias.(此外，还有“达克效应”，这是一种认知偏差)”说明一种认知偏差“达克效应”。下文“Their lack of insight prevents them from recognizing when others have more knowledge than they do.(他们缺乏洞察力，这使他们无法意识到别人何时比自己拥有更多的知识)”解释了“达克效应”的具体表现，空处应是对“达克效应”的进一步描述。选项F“在某一领域知识有限的人往往会高估自己的知识”描述了“达克效应”的一个典型特征，符合语境，故选F。 (24) As humanoid robots begin to enter warehouses and factories, a critical question arises: do we need special safety rules for them? The answer is yes, and for several important reasons. 1 Unlike traditional industrial robots that can be stopped instantly by hitting an emergency button, humanoids are “dynamically stable.” This means they need power to stay upright. If you cut the power, they will likely fall over, potentially causing serious injury to nearby workers. There is the challenge of defining what exactly needs to be regulated. How should we classify a humanoid robot? Does it need legs? Arms? A head? 2 This approach would allow safety standards to keep pace with technological innovation without being limited by appearance. Communication between robots and humans presents another concern. If robots are to share space with people, they must be able to signal their intentions clearly. For instance, a robot walking around a corner needs to indicate its direction so that people are not surprised. 3 There is a psychological factor to consider. People naturally expect more from robots that look like human. 4 Experts recommend that safety standards include emotional safety assessments to prevent confusion or stress. These standards help companies build trust in their products and sell them more easily in different countries, while also giving regulators a clear guide for creating their own rules. 5 As Vicentini notes, a practical standard must find a balance between competing interests, and “everybody equally unhappy is good enough,” since aiming for perfect agreement is simply not realistic. A. Humanoid robots pose uniqu$ 2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷 阅读理解 七选五之 说明文专练 (1) Gardening season is in full bloom, but keeping track of which seedling (幼苗) is which can be really tricky. Enter DIY oven-bake clay garden markers — these little lifesavers aren’t just practical; they also add a special charm to your greenery. To kick off your garden marker project, you’ll need to get hands-on with some oven-bake clay. Start by kneading (揉捏) a piece of clay in your hands for a few minutes — think of it as a mini workout for your fingers. 1 Then, place it on the baking sheet and roll it out evenly to about 1/4 inch thick. 2 You might go for a classic straight marker with a pointed end to stick directly into the soil, or perhaps you’re feeling a bit more adventurous and want to create a round or heart shape with a hole to hang from a metal post. Then give your garden markers some personality! Grab your favorite rubber stamps and press them firmly into the clay to make an impression. You can stamp the names of your plants, like “basil” or “tomatoes”, to keep things organized. 3 Now that your garden markers are looking great, it’s time to set them in stone. Follow the instructions on the clay package for baking. Generally, bake the markers at a low temperature (around 275°F) for about 15 minutes per 1/4 inch of thickness. 4 Then, they’ll be ready to give your garden a stylish look! Finally, decide on the finishing touches. 5 If you’re feeling fancy, a coat of paint can be applied for a long-lasting finish and shine. Whether you’re channeling your inner Picasso with bright colors or leaving them in their natural state to provide an earthy feel, which is equally charming, the choice is all yours. A. Remember to keep an eye on it. B. Allow them to cool completely afterward. C. Add some fun and creativity to your garden. D. This softens the clay and makes it more workable. E. Now comes the fun part: shaping your garden markers! F. You may smooth rough edges with sandpaper for a polished look. G. It’s also a good idea to go wild with fun phrases like “potato wonderland”. (2) In today’s fast-paced digital world, electronic waste, or e-waste, has become a significant environmental concern. According to the Global E-waste Statistics Partnership (GESP), a record 53.6 million tonnes of e-waste was produced globally in 2019, increasing 21% in just five years. By 2050, the volume of e-waste could top 120 million tonnes annually. 1 The improper disposal of it poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of the presence of harmful materials such as lead and mercury. 2 It is due to their rapidly developing bodies, including their respiratory (呼吸的), immune and central nervous systems. Luckily, many countries are turning to tackle the e-waste challenges. They commit to specializing in refurbishing (翻新) electronics, making them available to consumers at a lower cost. 3 By doing so, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices, reducing the need for mining new resources. Meanwhile, individuals can also contribute to e-waste disposal by being mindful of their electronic consumption. 4 Support electronic manufacturers committed to green technologies aiming for a sustainable cycle of production. Additionally, to ensure the safe and secure disposal of all sensitive information, prioritizing data security in e-waste disposal is necessary. 5 Do remember to reduce the environmental impacts of electronic products and share a greener and more sustainable future. A. It is every small action that counts. B. Prevention and management are needed. C. Recycling efforts have also become a key component. D. This includes buying quality products that last longer. E. Children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. F. However, currently only 17.4% of it is recycled responsibly. G. Only a small percentage of e-waste has been recycled globally. (3) Fun Ways to Support Students’ Communication Skills Speaking and listening skills are a key aspect of every subject. Being a teacher, I find some students are lacking in these skills. 1 . In my school district, there is active encouragement to have less “teacher talk” and more academic interaction between students, which both honors their perspectives and increases their opportunities to speak and listen to each other. Encourage daily gratitude At the start of the school day, I have a few minutes to spare when taking attendance, so, I ask a student to suggest something specific we can be grateful for every day. Last year, I had every student share how they were grateful, which was powerful for establishing good listening practices but too time-consuming. 2 . Choice writing We have at least one spare writing lesson a week and some small windows of time where I allow the students to choose what they write about. 3 , but now, every student is enthusiastically using the time, either on solo or team writing projects. 4 The only window in my busy day for storytelling is during my snack break. As usual, I start by telling stories in the normal interactive way, with student volunteers called up to act out the story as it unfolds. This always inspires students to write stories at home and become storytellers themselves. 5 , which can make them academically purposeful but also fun. The average class contains a wide range of skills. But hopefully, with the above techniques, all of our students will find a structure to help them develop skills that they’ll need for the rest of their lives. A. Storytelling B. Write stories at home C. Therefore, this area has taken on special urgency D. The key to increasing speaking and listening is to find proper ways E. So, now I have the kid class president pick one or two pairs to do it F. In conclusion, I’ve spent much time arranging a series of daily tasks G. At first, only the most confident “writers” knew how to occupy this time (4) Four Ways to Give Back During the Holidays Between your holiday parties, family responsibilities, and the pressure of finding the perfect gift, this time of year can go by in a flash. But during the holiday season, we are often reminded of something important. 1 Below are four easy ways to do just that by helping our neighbors facing hunger. Set up a holiday food drive. Get your friends, family or neighborhood together and start a food drive. 2 Then in the weeks leading up to the holidays and at holiday gatherings, encourage your neighbors and family to help make a difference by supporting your food drive. Deliver all the collected items to the food bank to ensure your efforts have the greatest impact. 3 Do you have a friend or family member that cares deeply for others? This year, consider donating to Feeding America in honor of your friends and family. You will be spreading the love twice as far by giving meals to families who are in need and giving your loved one a meaningful gift. Give a gift today. Volunteer! Did you know that 51% of all food programs rely entirely on volunteers? 4 But the feeling of helping your neighbors in need during the holiday season is priceless. Get in touch with your local food bank to learn more about volunteer opportunities. Make a difference online. There are lots of ways that you can help people facing hunger without leaving the comfort of your own home. You can start an online fundraiser or add Feeding America as your charity of choice on Amazon Smile or eBay. 5 A. Give a gift that gives back. B. It won’t cost you anything. C. Show concern for your loved one. D. They truly play a key role in volunteering. E. It’s to give back, especially to those in need. F. Your digital footprint may inspire others to join you. G. Contact your local food bank and learn what items they need most first. (5) The summer following your high school graduation is supposed to be unforgettable. Rather than spending this precious period sleeping in or gaming, why not begin on a solo adventure? 1 However, you need to take some precautions for your first adventure as an adult. Before hitting the road, invest time in thorough planning. Begin by answering big-picture questions: What sights do you want to see? How much time will you spend away? What prior experience do you have with road-tripping? 2 For example, you may need bear spray (喷雾) when hiking in National Park or a surf helmet (头盔) if catching waves near coral reefs. With your destination in mind, research your route carefully, taking note of factors like the road condition, emergency supply points and alternative paths. 3 You can use your phone to plan your route with apps like All Trails providing detailed road maps and real-time updates, ensuring you can make adjustments as you go. While there is nothing wrong with pushing your boundaries in your late teens, knowing your limits matters, too. Instead of jumping in at the deep end, start with smaller trips at pre-established campsites closer to home. 4 If you find a tight budget for a solo adventure, you may get the ball rolling by reaching out to organizations like Outward Bound USA and REI Outdoor Classes, which offer programs specially designed for young adventurers. Despite involving some group activities, you get a chance to connect with like-minded individuals. 5 This simple step ensures your safety while allowing your loved ones to share in your journey. A. They make the adventure more challenging. B. Modern technology makes this easier than ever. C. Then plan the finer details with these general ideas. D. Of course, scheduling ahead together should be prioritized. E. It’s a perfect way to celebrate your newfound independence. F. Most importantly, share your arrangements with family or friends. G. This prepares you for potential challenges and provides much-needed experience. (6) In a world dominated by large online retailers, many people are looking for ways to support local businesses. 1 Launched five years ago, this platform has become a popular choice for readers who value community support and the unique character of independent bookstores. Until recently, e-book readers had no way to buy digital books from their favorite local bookstores. 2 The service allows local bookstores to sell e-books through its marketplace. With a collection of over 3 million titles,Bookshop.org offers readers a convenient way to enjoy e-books while supporting their community and discovering new authors. When you shop on Bookshop.org, you can choose which bookstore to support with your purchase, ensuring that 100% of the profit goes to that shop. If you don’t specify a store, a portion of your purchase still benefits independent bookstores through a profit-sharing system.   3 It also fosters a sense of community among readers and authors alike, creating a vibrant ecosystem for literature. To get started, simply download the Bookshop.org app and create an account. Add an e-book to your Wishlist and then click “buy now” on your desired pick. 4 If you have an existing account, you can also purchase an e-book through Bookshop.org on a web browser. Once an e-book is downloaded to your device, it will instantly be available to read offline. However, keep in mind that e-books can only be read via the Bookshop.org app or website, as they do not work with other e-readers like Kindle or Nook. 5 In summary, by choosing Bookshop.org, you can enjoy reading while actively supporting your local bookstores and standing up against big retailers like Amazon. A. Complete the checkout, and you’re good to go. B. In such an environment, Bookshop.org has emerged. C. Actually, it’s easy and convenient to create an account. D. This model helps local shops grow in a competitive market. E. Reading them on other digital readers may require some adjustment. F. Now, Bookshop.org is changing that by introducing an e-book platform. G. These local bookstores are not only shops but cherished places for readers. (7) An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that they were wrong. An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted. 1 Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology. Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. 2 When presented with an apology, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I’m sorry” from her mother, after being estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let’s be real, apologizing can be difficult. 3 We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. 4 Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people. 5 As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for. A. There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others. B. It’s a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action. C. A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too. D. But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology. E. This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away. F. Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it. G. It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings. (8) For individuals with social anxiety, entering a social gathering can feel overwhelming, as if you are under the spotlight and might say something wrong. 1 “For some people, it might mean a racing heart and dizziness and feeling flushed,” says Kirsten Hall-Baldwin, a licensed clinical professional counselor in Chicago. “Others might be in a negative thought cycle, or feel like their mind is going blank or freezing.” Here, she and other experts share tips on how to carry a conversation when you have social anxiety. Practice in low-stakes settings Before attending a major event, try initiating brief chats with waiters or neighbors. 2 “Smaller, manageable social interactions don’t carry as much emotional weight,” Hall-Baldwin says. “so it’s just trying to practice without feeling overwhelming pressure.” Over time, you’ll gain a sense of comfort and confidence as you step into larger social settings. Use the echo technique Another powerful technique is to “echo” the speaker. Paraphrase what they’ve said and encourage them to clarify. For example, if they mention they’re struggling at work, repeat back their words with a question in your voice: “Struggling?” 3 Not only does this make them feel heard but also shifts the conversational burden away from you, reducing pressure. Find an anchor When feeling anxious, find a physical anchor (锚). 4 Holding a cold drink, pressing your feet firmly into the floor, or touching a small object can give your nervous system something to anchor to when you’re feeling anxious. Research indicates that such physical sensations can pull you back to the present and signal safety to your brain, thereby curbing anxiety. 5 The good news about social events is that they all eventually end — and your departure can arrive as soon as you’d like. Informing friends beforehand of a hard leave time, or having a polite excuse to end a conversation (e.g., “It was really nice talking to you — I’m going to check in with Jane.”) can significantly reduce the fear of being trapped. A. Avoid social events politely B. Have an exit strategy ready C. This simple response often leads them to share more. D. This fear can trigger various physical and emotional symptoms. E. It ensures you can keep the dialogue flowing without needing to flee. F. These short interactions can be a low-pressure way to build self-esteem. G. The core principle is to engage your senses to stabilize yourself in the moment. (9) A trip to the supermarket has now become more than a simple shopping experience. In fact, it is now carefully designed psychological persuasion. Shopkeepers know how to create an environment that makes customers buy more than they planned. For example, the smell of freshly baked bread can make customers feel hungry and unconsciously increase their desire to buy food. 1 Now researchers are investigating how the way people are influenced in their buying decisions can be explained by swarm intelligence. 2 If a certain item seems popular, customers naturally believe it is worth buying. With the help of modern technology, some supermarkets now provide real-time purchasing information.As customers walk past shelves, a small screen may tell them how many other shoppers have chosen a certain product. 3 This model, known as a “swarm move”, increases sales without offering discounts simply because it makes customers feel confident about choosing what everyone else buys. 4 When they are at home, shoppers still tend to follow the crowd online. Websites like Amazon show rankings, recommendations, and“most purchased” tags. Even being alone, they think they are shopping independently, and they are still influenced by others’ choices. All these strategies show that modern consumers are often guided by subtle psychological cues rather than rational decision-making. 5 A. The idea behind this approach is simple. B. Thus, it encourages them to put more food into their basket. C. The same psychological strategies also apply to platforms online. D. This method reassures shoppers that they are making the“right” choice. E. People may not notice, but they are constantly being guided while shopping. F. As a result, these items sell more quickly than cheaper, less visible products. G. That is, how bees or any social animal, including humans, behaves in a crowd. (10) Severe floods are becoming more and more common around the world. 1 , but could the way that cities are growing be making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding? As cities expand and more and more land is underneath concrete, less water is absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewage (污水) systems. As they become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. 2 ? Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. In 2013, he proposed the concept of ‘sponge (海绵) cities’, which are designed to absorb water like a sponge, reducing the risk of sudden floods. Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. 3 . Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley creek stream with green banks and connected parks. This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the number of associated pollutants which used to be washed into the sea. What Auckland has taken is only a natural approach. 4 , In Amsterdam, the Netherlands’ capital city, people have fixed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the outside, and then layers underneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people in the building below to water plants or clean toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize the system’s ability to absorb rainwater. 5 . A. A system like that does actually work B. The warming climate is leading to heavier rainfall C. Could it be that we’ve been taking the wrong approach D. But a much more high-tech method has already been applied E. Approaches inspired by this have been taken by cities across the world F. Is the natural approach sufficient when we’re faced with increased rainfall G. It can even identify the city’s risky areas and tailor the response accordingly (11) When you go to the doctor, you’re probably the one answering most of the questions. 1 Here are the questions you should ask your doctor to help you get well. What screenings (筛查) should I get? Exactly which health screenings you need, and when, depends on factors like age, sex, and your personal and family medical history. At your annual physical, ask your doctor what you should prioritize in the coming year, suggests Dr. Jessica Edwards. Screening yearly for mental-health disorders like depression is important too. 2 What vitamins and supplements might be helpful? Some vitamins and supplements are a waste of money or harmful. But there are the ones that could actually benefit your health. 3 Talking through your lab reports and specific concerns can help your doctor determine what might be appropriate. What kind of financial support is available? 4 If something isn’t covered in it, your doctor might be able to suggest some other choices. “There’s a lot of financial support available, both from some companies and voluntary groups.” Arin says. 5 Whether you’re at the doctor because you broke a bone, or are recovering from injuries, ask when you should start to feel better and what kind of warnings could signal the need for more care. Your doctor can tell you exactly when you should call her office or go to the emergency department. A. What are my treatment options? B. However, make sure you’re asking plenty of your own. C. Additionally, ask clearly what the probable payments are. D. So if your doctor doesn’t bring it up, start the conversation. E. What should I do if my symptoms worsen or don’t improve? F. Always ask how your insurance will affect treatment expenses. G. To know which is beneficial, ask your doctor, Edwards advises. (12) Exercise is important in all phases of life, but for seniors, it’s crucial to maintaining independence. Exercise ensures that seniors can get around and continue to do the things they enjoy and helps to prevent serious health conditions. 1 Strength exercises are among the best exercises for seniors. 2 These exercises can also improve a senior citizen’s metabolism(新陈代谢), which can be important for the maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels and normal weight. Balance exercises are good for senior citizens as well because they build up muscles in the legs and strength in the lower body. They can help a senior citizen have better stability, translating into lowered risk of serious falls. 3 4 They help improve flexibility, making it easier for an older person to remain physically active and move around without stiffness (僵硬) and pain. Additionally, stretching exercises help senior citizens avoid muscle­related injuries, which can occur in the course of exercising as well as during daily living. Though exercise is good for senior citizens, it is smart for seniors to speak with their doctors before starting any new exercise program. 5 In some cases, they may also recommend avoiding certain exercises altogether. A. For seniors, this may not be the top concern. B. Such accidents tend to make them ill and weak. C. Stretches are also important exercises for seniors. D. Never exercise too much as it may have harmful effects. E. They help to build up muscles and make the bones stronger. F. They may suggest specific exercises and exercise frequency. G. When it comes to choosing the best exercises for seniors, variety is key. (13) Learning a language is full of fulfilling steps, from the excitement of your first conversation with a fluent speaker to the intellectual challenge of mastering grammar rules. But at some point, you need to handle an unavoidable task. 1 Here are our top tips for absorbing new English words efficiently! Flashcards are a great tool, especially for beginners. However, make sure to practice the words you learn in different contexts. For example, if you learn food-related words, try reading an English recipe to see how they're used. 2 This way, you can focus on words you've encountered in your studies, making them easier to remember. The saying “use it or lose it” applies perfectly to vocabulary. If you don’t use new words, you’ll forget them. 3 Ideally, practice it in conversation with an English speaker. For instance. after learning haircut-related vocabulary, visit an English-speaking barber to test your new words. 4 Studies show that handwriting helps you remember information better than typing. The reason isn't entirely clear, but it could be because writing requires more time and intentional movement. This simple trick can make a big difference in remembering vocabulary. Another trick is to note down the new words whenever you encounter them. Each word you record comes with its own context, making it easier to remember. 5 Over time, your notebook will become a valuable resource for expanding your vocabulary. Over time, these small intentional efforts will build a strong foundation for fluency. With patience and persistence, you'll find yourself confidently using new words in conversations, reading, and writing, bringing you closer to your language goals. A. You have to memorize a bunch of words. B. Will typing replace handwriting one day? C. There is no need to worry about your language learning. D. When you learn a word, try to use it in real-life situations. E. Start small by writing down five new words per study time. F. You can also create your own flashcards instead of using pre-made ones. G. Writing new words by hand may seem old-fashioned, but it's surprisingly effective. (14) People favor humor, as it lights up daily moments, eases awkwardness and makes every interaction warm and enjoyable. This magic of humor doesn’t just work in daily life; it also shines in the field of science, especially online. 1 Firstly, humor simplifies tough scientific knowledge. 2 For example, explaining AI in self-driving cars with a funny analogy about “machines learning like clumsy toddlers” makes abstract ideas easy for non-professional groups to understand. 3 Scientists sharing clever and humorous stories about laboratory experiments on social media often attract more interactions than dry academic posts. Additionally, humor humanizes scientists, as seen in popular science lectures where light-hearted jokes help audiences feel closer to researchers. 4 The hidden risks deserve our attention. If the content itself is untrue, humor can even replace facts, leading the audience to form wrong opinions about scientific knowledge just based on the amusing posts they see. Overusing sarcasm or negative humor also has the opposite effect, as it will quickly make scientists lose the public’s trust and damage their credibility. Proper humor use requires a balance between vivid expression and professional precision. It should neither overshadow the core scientific information nor be so shallow that it loses seriousness. 5 Scientists who master this balance can effectively narrow the divide with the public, making science more welcoming and popular. A. Overuse harms professionalism. B. It also boosts audience engagement effectively. C. It helps break the impression of scientists being cold and distant. D. A little humor can greatly enhance scientists’ communication effect. E. Humor in scientific communication is a double-edged sword, though. F. It’s a helper in making complex concepts understandable to ordinary people. G. It is believed humor needs to be used with great care in such communication. (15) Ask anyone how they’re feeling these days and chances are that they’ll reply with some version of “exhausted”. We’re tired of operating amid uncertainty. We’re tired of balancing childcare with work. 1 They direct our focus to the most readily available information to help us make decisions quickly without properly considering all the variables. The result is that we are wired to move toward things that make us feel good and away from things that make us feel uncomfortable. 2 They default (默认) to what feels “normal”. Those networks are so deep in our thinking that when we’re traveling a new and challenging path, our wheels default back to the worn-in grooves (凹槽). So, how do we do hard things when our brains are constantly telling us to avoid effort? 3 A 2016 study found that when people are upset, they’re less likely to try to do hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, however, they’re more likely to take on the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. One way we can get ourselves in the right mindset is to do what’s called “reappraisal”, in which we create a shift in our brains of how we perceive a task. Moreover, we must give our brains the right amount of autonomy. When we have a choice, our brains often want to programme something easy. 4 Put it into a work context: Do I want to experiment with a new project management tool that might make things easier for my team next week, or do I want to stick with the same sheet that a former employee established that none of us feel great about anyway? 5 But by understanding what’s going on in your brain, you can work toward accomplishing hard things and manage your fears better. A. Tackle them when we’re in a good mood. B. Doing things like hard work can seem abnormal. C. Our brains label effort as bad because it’s hard work. D. We should be creative and open-minded when doing tasks. E. This is called mindset fault, the tendency to do right things. F. When we feel like this, our brains want to save mental energy. G. But we can reduce the response by challenging ourselves to be innovative. (16) According to a 2024 attention study by King’s College London, 49% of the UK public are experiencing “popcorn (爆米花) brain”, a mental state featuring divided attention and wandering thoughts. 1 In response to the findings, psychologist Tina Chummun gives her top tips. Adopt the mind map method. To manage a distracted (分心的) mind, write down everything, like appointments, worries and to-dos, without organizing it initially. Once everything is on paper, group these into life areas like work or emotional wellbeing. 2 This creates order and gives your brain permission to concentrate. Every time you feel your thoughts wandering, give yourself three seconds — breathe in, name what you’re feeling, and redirect your focus. 3 By doing so, you may turn down the heat when your brain is working overtime. Minimizing tech is also the key to getting back on track in your daily life. A full digital withdrawal is unrealistic. 4 Then it could be followed by a five-minute screen time reward. It teaches your brain to tolerate stillness without feeling punished. 5 At first, you may feel bored, as popcorn brain likes being ‘go go go’ to feel safe. “Go for a walk without music, or simply stare out your window,” suggests Tina. “Sit in silence and observe your thoughts. Let your brain breathe. It is sometimes exactly what your nervous system needs.” So, are you ready to quiet the mental popcorn and get your focus back? A. Allow space in your day for doing nothing. B. So, what’s making our brains pop like popcorn? C. Instead, go totally screen-free for 25-30 minutes. D. Starving distractions and feeding focus is a nice idea. E. Then ask yourself: what matters now and what can wait? F. They feel their attention less focused and deep thinking rarer. G. This practice enables you to slow down and manage emotions. (17) When it comes to humour, every culture has its own unique flavour. British humour, in particular, is a fascinating and often puzzling phenomenon for outsiders. It’s a style of comedy that doesn’t always rely on obvious jokes or punchlines (笑点). 1 Understanding these key characteristics can make watching a British comedy show a much more enjoyable and less confusing experience. 2 For instance, sarcasm, which is a fundamental ingredient, often involves saying the opposite of what one means, with a straight face that makes it tricky to detect. A British person might say, “Lovely weather we’re having,” during a heavy downpour. The humour lies not in the words themselves, but in the shared understanding of the irony (讽刺) between the speaker and the listener. Another defining feature is a love for absurdity and surreal (超现实的) situations. British comedies frequently present characters in unusual, illogical scenarios that unfold in the most unexpected ways. The audience finds itself laughing at the ridiculousness of the dilemma. 3 You might see a comedy about a government department solely responsible for handling lost cheese, which is played with seriousness by the actors. Furthermore, self-mockery, the ability to laugh at oneself, is at the heart of British comedy. Unlike cultures where confidence is celebrated, Brits often make themselves the target of the joke. They readily point out their own flaws, failures, and social awkwardness. When a character trips over and then makes a witty remark about their own clumsiness, it’s a classic example of this trait in action. Brits fear being seen as taking themselves too seriously. 4 So, the next time you watch a British sitcom, don’t worry if you don’t burst out laughing immediately. Appreciating this unique comedic style requires looking beyond the surface. 5 Once you learn to spot the irony, absurdity, and self-mockery, you’ll unlock a rich and wonderfully strange world of comedy that is as clever as it is entertaining. A. The actors’ delivery is always exaggerated. B. Instead, it thrives on irony, absurdity, and self-mockery. C. For one thing, it is deeply rooted in irony and understatement. D. To truly ‘get’ it, you need to tune into its distinctive frequency. E. This form of humour can be traced back to historical class structures. F. Laughing at oneself is considered a virtue and a form of social bonding. G. Celebrating the unreasonable, it finds joy in the breakdown of normal logic. (18) Experiencing bad dreams every night can be horrifying for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb the sleep and make a person feel stressed throughout the next day. 1 Before knowing how to get rid of bad dreams, we need to understand what can result in them. Researches have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, he is more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. 2 For instance, if you’re overworked, learn to take things slow. Don’t be ambitious to the point that it starts affecting your health. Besides, some trauma (损伤) that a person might have experienced recently or in the past which they’re unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. Death of a very close family member is often seen to be the reason behind recurrent nightmares. 3 Eating fatty and high-protein foods in dinner is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. 4 Taking a light dinner of soups and salad is the best, both for the health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases. Besides these, there are many other things a person can do to have a good night’s sleep. For example, your bedroom should be the most comfortable place in the world. It’s advisable to get rid of all electronic gadgets including television. 5 So, from now on try to be a happy and positive person. A. Almost everyone has this experience. B. Take proper exercises and this might help you. C. Bad dreams occurring because of these reasons can be stopped if the diet is changed. D. That’s why one should take steps to stop them as soon as they become an everyday occurrence. E. In such a case, taking therapy and dealing with the trauma is the only solution to stop bad dreams. F. In addition, if you have negative thoughts, it can have side effects on the kind of dreams you have. G. So, to stop bad dreams, it’s necessary to find out the causes of physical and mental stress in your life. (19) Humans are now up against a series of new demanding issues that are leading to dramatic change to our lifestyles: climate change, threatening infectious diseases, and increasing urbanization. 1 Hydroponic (水培的) farming has strong potential to relieve the threats these issues pose to our agricultural system. Growing crops in near perfect conditions using controlled environment agriculture technology is one of the biggest benefits of hydroponic farming. Crops grown indoors and hydroponically can be grown anywhere at any time of the year. 2 Hydroponic farming has the potential to provide fresh, local food for areas with extreme droughts and low soil quality, such as in sub-Saharan Africa. 3 Keeping crop production in a controlled environment enables trained scientists and advanced climate control technology to improve the inputs of water, nutrients, and light fed to the plants. For example, sensors can measure the amount and nutrient content of the water that each plant consumes. This gives farmers insight into the amount of unused water and nutrients by the plants at each stage of growth. 4 5 For small, start-up farmers, entering into the hydroponic farming world can come with high costs associated with renting the space, loans, the renovation (翻修) of a building or space to accommodate the hydroponic structures, initial costs for materials, and costs of the labor and electricity to keep the farm up and running. While these entry costs are high, hydroponic farms have the potential to turn underused buildings into farmland to serve the community and create jobs. A. The only condition is sufficient water resources. B. Access to green vegetables is often limited there. C. The exhaustion of natural resources is also a factor. D. They are not subject to weather and soil conditions. E. It would be great if we could grow plants without water. F. Thus, they can adjust input quality and quantity for plants. G. However, these advantages do not come without challenges. (20) Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t. 1 And what drives some people to take the moral high ground? Jessie Sun interviewed 952 people about the motivations(动机) for moral behavior and the changes they wished to make in their lives in order to become more morally good. When we think about morals, we often think about making “personal sacrifices(牺牲)” for the greater good. In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves. 2 And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general. Moreover, many people believe that acting more morally—for example, being more thoughtful, more open-minded—would increase their own well-being. The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change. 3 That was the most surprising finding in the study. 4 Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest. You can imagine that some people regularly tell white lies to save other people’s feelings, and they believe it would be hurtful if they were honest. Researchers also asked people about the things they’d like to improve about themselves. If they’re extremely shy, they usually want to become more comfortable in social situations. But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose. 5 A. How can we become more moral? B. So, why do we make these choices? C. Being moral just isn’t what most people consider first. D. Being moral means different things to different people. E. But people see some disadvantages of being moral, too. F. In short, many people want to become more moral for their own benefits. G. Sixteen percent said that they most wanted to become more moral for their family. (21) Could Viewing Art Be the Next Public Health prescription (处方药)? In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic (疗愈性的) alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before masterpieces, their stress and inflammation (炎症) levels dropped compared with those of volunteers viewing reproductions. 1 That art can lift spirits is well known. 2 A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. 3 Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the “mental trappings of daily life.” Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives. “When you experience an artwork, you don’t just see it, but you feel it,” the art historian Katy Hessel writes. “The best thing we can do is take time with it.” Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world. 4 Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves. Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily. 5 After all, science has spoken for this. A. But that it calms the body is novel. B. So we should make art more accessible to all. C. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. D. Galleries bring us face to face with human genius. E. But this seems to be key to art’s therapeutic powers. F. Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery? G. Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow. (22) Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to laugh and smile in response to stimuli (刺激物). Laughter and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human psychology. Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social communication. For example, in 1950, a U.S. sound engineer started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they were in a social situation. He even recorded various types of laughter. 1 In one study, carried out in 2016 at the university of California, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students were recorded and played to listeners from 24 diverse societies. 2 On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time. Another study by researchers of Australian National University was based on the assumption that humour might provide a pause from dull situations in the workplace. 3 The researchers first asked the students to cross out every instance of the letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr. Bean, and others a factual video about the management profession. The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were told that making 10 correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. 4 Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other group. 5 Again, participants who watched the humorous video spent significantly more time working on this boring task and completed more questions correctly than students from the other group. Traditionally, individuals are advised to avoid things such as humour that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals. However, humour actually helps relieve stress and facilitate social relationships. It is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing. A. Participants were asked whether the pairs were friends or strangers. B. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the addition of mental resources. C. The researchers then had participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. D. A team made up of 30 psychological scientists played these recordings to different people. E. However, the software was programmed that it was impossible to achieve 10 correct answers. F. Researchers have also found different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human bonds. G. He found out a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of socially relevant information. (23) We’ve all encountered a “know-it-all” — someone who eagerly lectures on any topic, regardless of expertise, often frustrating those who actually know better. 1 One explanation is “naive realism,” the idea that people naturally believe their view of the world reflects objective truth. In reality, all perceptions are shaped by personal biases (偏见), memories, and emotions, creating a unique perspective for each individual. Yet many fail to recognize this, assuming that anyone who sees things differently is simply wrong. 2 Another potential cognitive bias at work is the “illusion (错觉) of information adequacy”. 3 For instance, someone who sees a classmate avoiding sports might assume they’re just lazy, without considering other reasons, such as an injury. This illusion leads some to believe they know more than they actually do. 4 Expressing opinions can be a way of establishing superiority and a sense of dominance in social settings. There’s also the Dunning-Kruger effect, which is cognitive bias. 5 Their lack of insight prevents them from recognizing when others have more knowledge than they do. As a result, they may confidently argue their points, even against experts. Ultimately, a know-it-all’s behavior may come from a combination of biases and social needs. Ironically, to become a know-it-all, one must truly know too little. A. This tendency to voice opinions can create tension. B. For some, this belief becomes an urge to “correct” others. C. These individuals often feel a responsibility to educate others. D. Some people might also be driven by a need for status or control. E. People often feel confident in their judgments, even without enough evidence. F. People with limited knowledge in an area tend to overestimate their knowledge. G. But why do some people assume they know more about every subject than anyone? (24) As humanoid robots begin to enter warehouses and factories, a critical question arises: do we need special safety rules for them? The answer is yes, and for several important reasons. 1 Unlike traditional industrial robots that can be stopped instantly by hitting an emergency button, humanoids are “dynamically stable.” This means they need power to stay upright. If you cut the power, they will likely fall over, potentially causing serious injury to nearby workers. There is the challenge of defining what exactly needs to be regulated. How should we classify a humanoid robot? Does it need legs? Arms? A head? 2 This approach would allow safety standards to keep pace with technological innovation without being limited by appearance. Communication between robots and humans presents another concern. If robots are to share space with people, they must be able to signal their intentions clearly. For instance, a robot walking around a corner needs to indicate its direction so that people are not surprised. 3 There is a psychological factor to consider. People naturally expect more from robots that look like human. 4 Experts recommend that safety standards include emotional safety assessments to prevent confusion or stress. These standards help companies build trust in their products and sell them more easily in different countries, while also giving regulators a clear guide for creating their own rules. 5 As Vicentini notes, a practical standard must find a balance between competing interests, and “everybody equally unhappy is good enough,” since aiming for perfect agreement is simply not realistic. A. Humanoid robots pose unique physical risks. B. Without clear dialogues, accidents will happen. C. Interactions between humanoid robots can prevent accidents. D. Many believe that physical features are essential for safety standards. E. People may let their guard down, thinking the robots understand more than they do. F. However, agreeing on global regulations is hard due to different concerns in the field. G. Experts suggest dropping the term “humanoid” and focusing on a robot’s abilities instead. (25) Imagine climbing a mountain and getting half way up and saying to yourself, “You know what, I’m going to climb back down and finish this later.” 1 We have projects that sit waiting to be completed. Some people start college but never graduate. We have books that we never finish reading. 2 Many people are great at beginning things but can’t seem to finish strong. Not finishing what we started has been a repeated problem for us. We have to face it. 3 Whenever we delay, or put to the side, the things that will help us accomplish our goals, we stop developing our potential. Not finishing not only causes us to stop making progress but also we find it harder whenever we do decide to start again. Consider this: every time I begin a new exercise program my muscles are sore (疼) for a few days. After a few weeks of routine, the muscles get accustomed to the program and grow stronger. Thus, no more sore muscles. Well, when I take some time off I fear starting again. 4 Strong finishers are able to focus on getting the best result from anything that they start. So how do we know that we are a strong finisher? Along with the huge feeling of accomplishment, other people will begin to notice the change. 5 They will have no choice but to recognize our strong finishing ability. We will be rewarded with more trust from them. A. The list goes on and on. B. We should have the confidence. C. Why don’t we have the interest any more? D. Sounds silly, but that is what we do all of the time. E. I know that my muscles are going to be sore again. F. They will see we are able to climb and conquer the mountain. G. Not being a strong finisher can limit our ability to conquer our goals. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $