2026年中考英语时态复习专练 （六）现在完成时

2026中考复习专练 （六）现在完成时

一．现在完成时定义：

1、表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去的动作一直持续到现在，时间状语标志词：already, yet, just, recently, lately, since, so far, up to now, till now, for + 一段时间, in the past few years...

结构：(1)肯定句：主语＋have /  has +动词的过去分词

Eg: He has already obtained a scholarship.

Peter has written six papers so far.

He has gone to Beijing. （影响性用法）

He has learned English since 2010. （持续性用法）

(2)  否定句：主语＋have /  has +not+动词的过去分词

Eg: I haven’t finished my homework yet.

   He hasn’t shown up till now.

(3)  一般疑问句：have /  has +主语＋动词的过去分词

肯定回答：Yes, 主语＋have/ has  否定回答：No,主语＋have/ has+not

Eg: Have you finished your homework?    Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

 Has he ever been to Beijing ?           Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t.

2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点或者过去时间状语从句，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。

I have known him for three years. 我认识他三年了。

He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。

=He has lived here since 20 years ago.

=He has lived here since I was ten years old.

注意（1）因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所以不能使用瞬间动词，而要换成同义的具有延续性意义的词语，如：

My sister has been married for 5 years.我姐姐结婚五年了。

My sister has married. Don’t disturb her. 我姐姐已经结婚了。不要打扰她。

常见的非延续性动词换为延续性动词有：

Begin/start---have been on

Finish/end---have been over

Buy---have had

Borrow/lend-- have kept

Marry---have been married

Die--- have been dead

Join/take part in--- have been in/ have been a member of

（2）在This / That / It is the first / second / third / ..time that..句型里，从句要用现在完成时。

This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. 这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。

（3）在This / That / It was the first / second / third / ..time that..句型里，从句要用过去完成时。

注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时

常与具体的时间状语连用。

试比较:

I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在)

I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)

注意：短暂性动词 v.s 延续性动词

表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die不能与一段时间的状语连用

He has come here for 2 years.(×)

He has been here for 2 years.(√)

辨析：have gone to v.s have been to v.s have been in...

have gone to：去了某地没回来

Tom has gone to America. He will be there for a week.

have been to：去了某地已经回来了

Tom has been to America. He is having a rest at home.

have been in：一直居住在某地

Tom has been in America for more than 10 years.