专题3 说明文阅读(Word教师用书)-【芸熙百分】2025-2026学年七年级英语下册期末必刷卷(人教版·新教材 郑州专版)

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读核心题型，通过新考法创新与典例解析构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三维训练体系，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |主旨大意题|2题（A4、D19）|通读全文抓核心话题，定位高频主题词|依托说明文“说明对象-特征-方法”逻辑链| |细节理解题|6题（A1/A2/B6/B7/C11/C12）|定位原文关键信息，比对选项排除干扰|遵循“题干关键词-原文定位-信息匹配”推导路径| |新考法题型|5题（图文转换2题、文章结构2题、信息还原1题）|图文转换需文本与图像信息互证，文章结构分析“总-分-总”等段落关系|整合非语言知识与文本结构，体现跨模态语言能力| |标题归纳题|1题（C15）|提炼说明对象及核心内容，排除片面选项|基于说明内容与主旨的概括关系|

专题3　说明文阅读 A（话题：三伏天的正确打开方式） 　　15th July welcomes the coming of this year’s sanfu days， or “dog days of summer” in China. 　　In the Chinese lunar calendar（农历）， sanfu consists of（组成） three periods（时期）：toufu（from 15th July to 24th July）， zhongfu（from 25th July to 13th August）， and mofu（from 14th August to 23rd August）.They are the hottest days of the year.The start time of sanfu is different each year.During sanfu， Chinese people in old times had some traditions to keep cool and find peace and joy. 　　To stay cool during sanfu， health experts say that icy drinks and too much ice cream may not be good for health.Eating more vegetables and less meat can make one feel better. 　　In the past few centuries， people in different parts of China have found different kinds of food to cool off during sanfu， such as bitter melons（苦瓜） and duck soup.These are popular “cooling” foods and drinks. 　　Since the old times， Chinese people have believed that staying quiet can make one feel cool even on hot days.Activities like deep breathing（深呼吸）， reading，practising calligraphy（书法）， fishing and gardening can help people relax and cool down. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　A　）1.Which day is NOT one of this year’s sanfu days？ A.10th July. B.24th July. C.2nd August. D.17th August. （　D　）2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？ A.Sanfu is also called “cat days of summer”. B.Sanfu days are not the hottest days of the year. C.It’s healthy for people to have much icy drinks. D.Drinking duck soup can help people cool down. （　C　）3. 新考法 图文转换 Which of the four is the best sport to do on sanfu days？ A. B. C. D. （　D　）4.What is the main idea of the text？ A.What to eat during sanfu days. B.Where to stay during sanfu days. C.When to exercise during sanfu days. D.How to cool off during sanfu days. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了“三伏天”以及人们在三伏天通过饮食和休闲活动降温消暑的方式。D项（三伏天如何降温）符合文章主旨。故选D。 （　C　）5.What’s the theme of this text？ A.Nature. B.History. C.Weather. D.Travel. B（话题：倒着走，更健康） 　　Walking is a great and easy way to keep healthy.Just wear a pair of nice shoes， and you can start walking.But do you know that walking backward can be even better for you？ 　　When we walk forward， we use our ankles（脚踝） a lot.But when we walk backward， we need to use the back part of our body and our knees.A scientist from America found that walking backward can make people feel less pain（疼痛）. 　　Also， walking backward can help us learn new skills.A study says that if people walk backward for 15 minutes every time， three or four times a week， they can stand better without falling.It helps us stay safe when we walk on wet floors or go up and down stairs. 　　What’s more， we should be very careful when walking backward.That’s because we can’t see what’s behind us.So we must watch out not to hit things or fall down. 　　　▲　 For thousands（千） of years， people have done it to stay healthy.So， next time you go for a walk， try walking backward for a few minutes.You may find it’s fun and good for you. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　A　）6.What part of our body do we use a lot when we walk forward？ A.Ankles. B.Knees. C.Legs. D.Feet. （　B　）7.How long can people walk backward every week to stand better without falling？ A.About 20—30 minutes.　　 B.About 45—60 minutes. C.About 20—50 minutes.　　 D.About 45—80 minutes. 解析：数字计算题。根据第三段中“A study says that if people walk backward for 15 minutes every time，three or four times a week，they can stand better without falling.（一项研究表明，若人们每周倒走三、四次，每次15分钟，就能更好地保持站立平衡，避免摔倒。）”可知，每周倒走三次时长为15×3＝45（分钟），倒走四次时长为15×4＝60（分钟），即每周需倒走45—60分钟。故选B。 （　C　）8. 新考法 文章结构 What is the structure（结构） of this text？ A.①②③/④/⑤ B.①②/③④/⑤ C.①/②③④/⑤ D.①/②③/④⑤ 解析：文章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段引出 “走路有益健康，而倒走可能更好”的核心话题；第二至四段分别介绍倒走的好处和注意事项；最后一段总结倒走是传统健康方式，建议大家尝试倒走。文章结构为“总—分—总”。故选C。 （　A　）9. 新考法 信息还原 Which of the following sentences can you put into “　▲　” in the last paragraph？ A.Walking backward is not new.　　 B.You can ask your friends next time. C.A few minutes is enough for you.　　 D.Going for a walk isn’t very easy but great. （　C　）10.What kind of text is it？ A.A notice. B.A food order. C.A health newsletter. D.A science story. C（话题：丝绸之路的美食大派送） 　　［杭州市］The weather is getting hot.Would you like to have some cucumber with mashed garlic（蒜泥黄瓜）？When you enjoy this tasty summer dish， don’t forget to say “thanks” to one person—Zhang Qian. 　　Zhang Qian was an early visitor to the Silk Road and brought many new foods and other things to China.The Silk Road was a long road.It was from China to Central Asia， and even Europe.Where is this dish from？Cucumbers came from South Asia.In early times， Chinese people called it hugua.Hu means “foreign”.That is to say， it isn’t from China.Later， its name changed to huanggua. 　　What about garlic？Its home was in Central Asia.Zhang Qian brought it to China more than 2，000 years ago.Garlic can make many dishes taste better.It kills germs in our body and is good for our health. 　　What is the Silk Road？The Silk Road was also called “Sweet Road”.Besides vegetables， it brought many kinds of tasty fruits to China.Do you like grapes？They also came from Central Asia.Chinese people used them to make wine. 　　Do you ever see the words hu， yang， fan or xi in Chinese names of some foods？These names usually mean that these foods do not come from China， for example， huluobo（carrots） and yangcong（onions）.Can you find more？ 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　B　）11.What does the underlined word “germs” mean in English？ A.Something good. B.Something bad. C.Something sweet. D.Something delicious. （　D　）12.Why was the Silk Road also called “Sweet Road”？ A.Because the silk on the road was sweet. B.Because people got a lot of candies on the road. C.Because people on the road were sweet and friendly. D.Because many sweet fruits came to China through the road. （　C　）13.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？ A.Zhang Qian brought cucumbers back from Central Asia. B.People used the grapes on the Silk Road to make wine. C.Garlic came from Central Asia more than 2，000 years ago. D.The Silk Road was from China to Europe and Africa. （　B　）14. 新考法 细节多选 Which of the following didn’t come from China according to the last paragraph？ ①tomatoes　　　②bananas　　　③watermelons　　　④pears A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.③④ （　D　）15.What’s the best title for the text？ A.A Story of Zhang Qian B.The History of Foods C.The Importance of the Silk Road D.The Foods Through the Silk Road 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段中“Zhang Qian was an early visitor to the Silk Road and brought many new foods and other things to China.”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了通过丝绸之路传入中国的一些食物。D项（经丝绸之路而来的食物）适合作本文的最佳标题。故选D。 新素材生态环保 D（话题：生态之“衡”） 　　Do you know anything about the balance（平衡） of nature？ Here is an example. 　　Not many years ago， some farmers were worried because hawks（鹰） took many of their chickens， so the farmers killed many hawks.They no longer had to worry about their chickens.But then they had new worries.Mice ate the farmers’ food.How did this happen？ Hawks ate not only chickens but also mice.They ate more mice than chickens.But the farmers did not know this.When they killed many hawks， they changed the balance of nature. 　　Changing the balance is bad for nature.Sometimes when people move into a new place， they often cut down many plants.Some of these plants are food for animals.If the animals cannot find food to eat， they will die or have to leave the place. 　　Here is another example.In a place in the United States， the giraffes there ate a kind of rose.The lions there ate the giraffes.The number of giraffes， lions and wild roses did not change much if people kept things as they were.But people killed many lions to protect the giraffes.Soon there were so many giraffes that they ate up all the roses.Then the giraffes began to eat leaves of young trees.These trees were important to people.So people thought of ways to protect trees.Now the giraffes had nothing to eat， and many of them died.This was another lesson from nature. 　　Please always keep this in mind：It’s important for us to keep the balance of nature. 　　根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 （　B　）16. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer start the text？ A.By giving a fact. B.By asking a question. C.By giving an opinion. D.By telling a life story. （　D　）17.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to？ A.The hawks. B.The mice. C.The chickens. D.The farmers. 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中“Hawks ate not only chickens but also mice.They ate more mice than chickens.But the farmers did not know this.When they killed many hawks， they changed the balance of nature.”可知，鹰不仅吃鸡，也吃老鼠。他们吃的老鼠比鸡多。但是农民们并不知道这一点。当他们杀死许多鹰的时候，他们改变了自然的平衡。因此they指代的是“农民”。故选D。 （　A　）18. 新考法 图文转换 Which one shows the right relation（关系） of giraffes， lions， roses and trees？ A. B. C. D. 解析：图文转换题。根据第四段中“In a place in the United States， the giraffes there ate a kind of rose.The lions there ate the giraffes.”以及“Then the giraffes began to eat leaves of young trees.”可知，长颈鹿吃一种玫瑰——那里的狮子吃长颈鹿——人们为保护长颈鹿杀死了狮子——很快，长颈鹿太多了，它们把所有的玫瑰都吃光了。然后长颈鹿开始吃小树的叶子。A项符合题意。故选A。 （　D　）19.What is the main idea of the text？ A.Farmers can’t change the balance. B.Animals are bad for grains and plants. C.People can always learn from the nature. D.We should not change the balance of nature. （　D　）20. 新考法 文章结构 Which is the right structure of this text？ A. B. C. D. 解析：文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题，第二、三、四段用鹰与老鼠、狮子与长颈鹿作为自然平衡的例子，第五段总结强调保持自然平衡的重要性。因此文章为“总—分—总”结构。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $