内容正文:
Unit 4~Unit 6 复习
1 知识导航
2 语法突破
3 语法专练
高中英语外研版必修第二册期中复习
Unit 5
It as an empty object (it作形式宾语)
知识导航
Unit 4
It as an empty subject (it作形式主语)
Unit 6
Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
语法突破
Unit4 It as an empty subject (it作形式主语)
一、核心定义与本质
形式主语 it:当真正主语(不定式 to do、动名词 doing、主语从句that/ whether/wh-)较长时,用 it 放在句首作 “形式上的主语”,真正主语移至句末,平衡句子结构。逻辑关系:It + 谓语 + 真正主语(后置)
头重脚轻(不自然):
To learn English well is important.(真正主语太长,放在句首显突兀)
平衡结构(自然):
It is important to learn English well.(it 作形式主语,真正主语后置)
语法突破
二、it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语
it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语的常见句型:
(1)It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
(2)It+be+名词+to do sth.
(3)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
(4)It’s up to sb. to do sth.
在“It+be+形容词+for sb./of sb.+to do”句型中。如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征,介词用for;如果形容词描述的是人的品质、性格,介词用of。
语法突破
三、it代替动词-ing (短语)作形式主语
it代替动词-ing (短语)作形式主语的常见句型:
It’s no use/no good/useless/a waste of time/...+doing sth.
◆It is no use/good having a car if you can’t drive.
如果你不会开车,有车也没用。
◆It is a waste of time doing such useless things.
做这样无用的事情等于浪费时间。
语法突破
四、it代替从句作形式主语
it所代替的从句可以用that引导,也可以用whether/if、连接代词或连接副词引导。常见句型:
(1)It is+名词(a pity/a shame/a fact/an honour/no wonder/a wonder/...)that...
(2)It is+形容词(strange/ natural/ important/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/certain/...)+that...
It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.
重要的是,我们应当互相学习,互相帮助。
语法突破
(3)It+不及物动词(happen/turn out/occur to sb./appear/...)+that...
It happened that I wasn’t there that day when you visited me. 你拜访我的那天我恰好不在那里。
(4)It+be+过去分词(said/reported/expected/hoped/known/believed/...)+that...
It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes. 根据通知,我的火车将在10分钟后到达。
(5)It doesn’t matter+that/what/where/whether...
It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not. 他来还是不来都没关系。
语法突破
当动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing (短语)或从句作宾语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。常以it作形式宾语的动词有feel、consider、find、believe、make、think等。其用法如下:
1.it作形式宾语,代替动词不定式(短语)
◆We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访老人。
◆I found it important to learn spoken English.
我发现学习英语口语很重要。
Unit 5 It as an empty object
语法突破
2. it作形式宾语,代替动词-ing (短语)
用动词-ing (短语)作真正的宾语时,其宾语补足语通常是no use、no good、useless、a waste of time、worthwhile等。
◆I don’t think it worthwhile taking the trouble to do it.
我认为这件事不值得费心去做。
语法突破
3.it作形式宾语,代替从句
(1)在一些习惯用法中,it在hate、like、love、enjoy、depend on、rely on、count on等动词(短语)后作形式宾语,代替其后的宾语从句。
◆I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。
(2)在一些特殊结构中,常用it作形式宾语。
owe it to sb. that 多亏……/幸亏……
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
see to it that... 确保……
结合句型结构,尝试举几个例句吧。
语法突破
一、“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
“no matter+特殊疑问词(what/who/which/when/where/how/whether等)”,意为“无论……”,引导让步状语从句。
◆No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
Unit 6 Adverbial clauses with -ever and no matter
你还能再举几个例句吗?
语法突破
◆No matter who you are, I’ll never let you in.
无论你是谁,我绝不让你进去。
◆No matter which book you borrow, you must return it in a week.
不论你借哪本书,都必须一周内归还。
◆No matter where you decide to go, I would keep you company.
无论你决定去哪里,我都会陪着你。
◆You can ask for help no matter when you need it.
无论你何时需要帮助都可以提出来。
语法突破
二、“特殊疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句
“特殊疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句时,意为“无论……”,可与“no matter+特殊疑问词”相互替换。
◆Whatever (=No matter what) happens, we will not change our mind.
无论发生什么事,我们都不会改变想法。
语法突破
三、“特殊疑问词+-ever”不可与“no matter+特殊疑问词”互换的情形
whatever,whoever,whichever和wherever除了引导让步状语从句外,还可以引导名词性从句,此时不可与no matter what,no matter who,no matter which和no matter where互换。
◆Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
团队获得的任何成绩都将由两个学生共享。(whatever引导主语从句)
◆Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。(whoever引导宾语从句)
语法专练
翻译句子
1. 据报道,在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。
2. 无论你做什么决定,我都支持你。
3. 我发现每天锻炼身体很重要。
4. 你没参加这场聚会,太可惜了。
It’s such a pity that you didn’t attend this party.
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
No matter what decision you make, I will support you.
I find it very important to exercise every day
再见
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