第1卷 名词词义辨析-2027年湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、《湖南省对口升学英语复习指导》以及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是41份知识点训练卷。第二部分是真题题型44份专项训练卷。第三部分是15份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》的第1卷，是名词词义辨析考点训练卷。 【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》 第1卷 考点训练卷·名词词义辨析 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、词汇与语法 (共30小题；每小题3分，满分90分) 1．After ________, he went to Beijing to apply for a job in a company. A．invention B．graduation C．invitation D．communication 2．She holds the ________ that children should be allowed to learn at their own speed. A．ability B．attitude C．account D．attention 3．As a nurse, her daily ________ includes taking care of patients and assisting doctors. A．date B．dream C．duty D．data 4．Many young people tend to ask experienced persons for useful ________ to make decisions about their future paths. A．advice B．suggestion C．tip D．comment 5．I am too busy. I need a ________. Can you help me? A．hand B．head C．bag D．book 6．You can get much useful ________ about the trip from the Internet before you go. A．tip B．message C．notice D．information 7．You should have enough ________ to wait for the result. Don’t be so worried. A．patience B．secret C．interest D．attention 8．This activity’s main ________ is to raise money. A．purpose B．reason C．result D．choice 9．Ms. Li shared some ________ on preparing for the Gaokao at the class meeting. A．suggestion B．tip C．advice D．opinion 10．You will succeed someday — it’s a(n) ________ of time. A．affair B．event C．matter D．variety 11．When talking about the beauty of nature, we often mention the wonderful ________ in the mountains and forests. A．devotions B．hardships C．scenic spots D．products 12．— Have you signed your three-party ________ with your school and your internship company? — Of course! We are required to sign it before we do an internship. A．arrangement B．achievement C．appointment D．agreement 13．Please read the ________ carefully before using the new equipment. A．instructions B．collections C．productions D．celebrations 14．I’ve made an ________ for you to see a doctor at 10 o’clock. A．interview B．answer C．opportunity D．appointment 15．After a long discussion, they finally reached a/an ________ on the project. A．appointment B．agreement C．commitment D．disappointment 16．— What do you think is the greatest ________? — The smartphone of course. A．invitation B．introduction C．information D．invention 17．The ________ is very important in team games like basketball. A．cooperation B．contribution C．committee D．celebration 18．I have always been regarded as a ________ by the local folk. A．disability B．communicate C．overwhelm D．foreigner 19．The classroom was filled with ________ when the teacher told a joke. A．laughter B．disability C．compassion D．positive 20．I’m sure he is an honest boy. I have no ________ to doubt what he said. A．reason B．action C．feeling D．decision 21．Picasso is the greatest ________ in the 21st century. A．artist B．tourist C．pianist D．physicist 22．Save your work often as a(n) ________ against computer failure. A．conversation B．occupation C．precaution D．qualification 23．The Four Great Inventions influenced the entire ________ in significant ways. A．solar system B．world C．galaxy D．ocean 24．The Great Wall serves as a ________ of Chinese history and culture. A．logo B．symbol C．metaphor D．simile 25．When we talk about “effective”, we mean something that can produce a successful or desired ________. A．end B．result C．cause D．start 26．The new ________ is changing the way we live and work. A．technology B．painting C．reporter D．cubaism 27．— Mum, I didn’t make any progress in this math test. I feel upset now. — Don’t worry, son. Please regard each ________ as a step to further efforts. I think you’ll make it. A．failure B．figure C．facility D．feature 28．— What’s your ________? — I like singing and dancing. I often take part in school shows. A．job B．hobby C．dream D．major 29．AI has a good ________ on our life — it helps us save a lot of time on housework. A．influence B．effect C．result D．change 30．The ________ is not allowed to enter this private area. A．volunteer B．assistant C．guest D．public 二、英汉互译 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 31．Many thanks for your congratulations on my passing the college entrance examination. _________________________________________________________________ 32．The 3-day Beijing tour will help you to enjoy the scenery, culture and history of Beijing. _________________________________________________________________ 33．Prepare some questions in case you have a chance to come up with one. _________________________________________________________________ 34．It is necessary to follow the （说明） when installing the new computer monitor. 35．This restaurant can meet different （顾客的需求）. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、《湖南省对口升学英语复习指导》以及历年真题编写。本套试卷共100份：第一部分是41份知识点训练卷。第二部分是真题题型44份专项训练卷。第三部分是15份综合模拟卷。 本试卷是【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》的第1卷，是名词词义辨析考点训练卷。 【2027版】湖南省（对口招生）《英语考纲百套卷》 第1卷 考点训练卷·名词词义辨析 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、词汇与语法 (共30小题；每小题3分，满分90分) 1．After ________, he went to Beijing to apply for a job in a company. A．invention B．graduation C．invitation D．communication 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在毕业之后，他去北京一家公司应聘工作。 invention发明；graduation毕业；invitation邀请；communication交流。根据“apply for a job”可知，此处指毕业之后，“毕业”与“找工作”存在直接逻辑关联，符合常理。 2．She holds the ________ that children should be allowed to learn at their own speed. A．ability B．attitude C．account D．attention 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她持有一种态度，认为孩子们应该被允许以自己的速度学习。 ability能力；attitude态度；account账户；attention注意。根据同位语从句“that children should be allowed to learn at their own speed”可知，“孩子们应该被允许以自己的速度学习”她所持的态度的解释说明，故用名词“attitude”。 3．As a nurse, her daily ________ includes taking care of patients and assisting doctors. A．date B．dream C．duty D．data 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一名护士，她的日常工作职责包括照顾病人和协助医生。 date日期；dream梦想；duty职责；data数据。根据“taking care of patients and assisting doctors”可知，是描述护士的日常工作内容，涉及“照顾病人”和“协助医生”等具体任务，强调责任范畴，需填入表示“工作义务”的词汇“duty”。 4．Many young people tend to ask experienced persons for useful ________ to make decisions about their future paths. A．advice B．suggestion C．tip D．comment 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多年轻人倾向于向有经验的人寻求有用的建议，以便为他们未来的道路做决定。 advice建议；suggestion提议；tip小贴士；comment评论。根据“Many young people tend to ask experienced persons for useful ... to make decisions about their future paths (许多年轻人倾向于向有经验的人寻求有用的……以便为自己的未来道路做出决策)”可知，年轻人向有经验的人寻求建议。所以横线上应是不可数名词advice或可数名词suggestion的复数形式。 5．I am too busy. I need a ________. Can you help me? A．hand B．head C．bag D．book 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我太忙了。我需要帮助。你能帮我吗？ hand手；head头；bag包；book书。根据“I am too busy”和“Can you help me?”可知，此处考查固定短语need a hand“需要帮助”。 6．You can get much useful ________ about the trip from the Internet before you go. A．tip B．message C．notice D．information 【答案】D 【详解】句意：出发前，你可以从网上获取很多关于这次旅行的有用信息。 tip提示（可数名词）；message消息（可数名词）；notice通知（可数名词）；information信息（不可数名词）。句中“much”只能修饰不可数名词，因此information符合语法和语境。 7．You should have enough ________ to wait for the result. Don’t be so worried. A．patience B．secret C．interest D．attention 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你应该有足够的耐心来等待结果。不要这么担心。 patience耐心；secret秘密；interest兴趣；attention注意力。结合语义可知，此处表示“具备某种品质以应对等待”，后句“Don’t be so worried.”强调在等待中需保持冷静不焦虑的素质，故选择表示“忍耐力”的patience。 8．This activity’s main ________ is to raise money. A．purpose B．reason C．result D．choice 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这项活动的主要目的是筹集资金。 purpose目的；reason原因；result结果；choice选择。根据句中“is to raise money”可知，这是活动的目标与意图，应用purpose。 9．Ms. Li shared some ________ on preparing for the Gaokao at the class meeting. A．suggestion B．tip C．advice D．opinion 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李老师在班会上分享了一些关于高考备考的建议。 suggestion建议，可数名词单数；tip提示，建议，可数名词单数；advice建议，不可数名词；opinion观点，看法，可数名词单数。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，结合语境可知，此处表示“一些建议”，只有advice符合要求。 10．You will succeed someday — it’s a(n) ________ of time. A．affair B．event C．matter D．variety 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你总有一天会成功的——这只是时间问题。 affair事件；event事件；matter事情；variety种类。it’s a matter of time是固定搭配句型，意为“时间问题”，其中matter常在此搭配中表示“事情”或“问题”，强调必然性。 11．When talking about the beauty of nature, we often mention the wonderful ________ in the mountains and forests. A．devotions B．hardships C．scenic spots D．products 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当谈到大自然之美时，我们常常会提及山林中绝美的景点。 devotions奉献；hardships艰难困苦；scenic spots风景名胜，景点；D. products产品。根据题意，当谈到大自然之美时，我们常常会提及山林中绝美的景点。 12．— Have you signed your three-party ________ with your school and your internship company? — Of course! We are required to sign it before we do an internship. A．arrangement B．achievement C．appointment D．agreement 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你和你的学校以及实习公司签署三方协议了吗？——当然！我们要求在实习前签署它。 arrangement安排；achievement成就；appointment约会；agreement协议。答语sign it指签署文件，且涉及学校、公司等三方合作，agreement符合语境。 13．Please read the ________ carefully before using the new equipment. A．instructions B．collections C．productions D．celebrations 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在使用新设备之前，请仔细阅读说明书。 instructions说明书；collections收集；productions产品；celebrations庆祝活动。根据“before using the new equipment”可知，使用新设备之前要阅读说明书，故用instructions。 14．I’ve made an ________ for you to see a doctor at 10 o’clock. A．interview B．answer C．opportunity D．appointment 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我已经为你预约了10点钟看医生。 interview面试；answer回答；opportunity机会；appointment预约。固定短语make an appointment意为“预约”，符合“看医生”的语境。 15．After a long discussion, they finally reached a/an ________ on the project. A．appointment B．agreement C．commitment D．disappointment 【答案】B 【详解】句意：经过长时间的讨论，他们终于就该项目达成了协议。 appointment约会；agreement协议；commitment承诺；disappointment失望。根据“After a long discussion”可知，经过长时间讨论后应该是达成了协议，agreement符合句意。 16．— What do you think is the greatest ________? — The smartphone of course. A．invitation B．introduction C．information D．invention 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为最伟大的发明是什么？——当然是智能手机。 invitation邀请；introduction介绍；information信息；invention发明。根据“The smartphone of course.”可知，此处询问最伟大的发明是什么。 17．The ________ is very important in team games like basketball. A．cooperation B．contribution C．committee D．celebration 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在像篮球这样的团队运动中，合作是非常重要的。 cooperation合作；contribution贡献；committee委员会；celebration庆祝。根据“team games like basketball”可知，团队运动强调的是队员之间的配合与合作。 18．I have always been regarded as a ________ by the local folk. A．disability B．communicate C．overwhelm D．foreigner 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他一直被当地人视为外国人。 disability残疾，名词；communicate交流，动词；overwhelm使不知所措，动词；foreigner外国人，名词。根据空前a可知，此处需用名词；根据“by the local folk”可知，对当地人来说我是被视为是“外国人”，foreigner符合题意。 19．The classroom was filled with ________ when the teacher told a joke. A．laughter B．disability C．compassion D．positive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当老师讲笑话时，教室里充满了笑声。 laughter笑声；disability残疾；compassion同情；positive正极。根据“when the teacher told a joke”可知，老师讲笑话时，教室里充满了笑声。 20．I’m sure he is an honest boy. I have no ________ to doubt what he said. A．reason B．action C．feeling D．decision 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我相信他是一个诚实的男孩。我没有理由怀疑他说的话。 reason理由；action行动；feeling感觉；decision决定。根据“I’m sure he is an honest boy.”可知，他是一个诚实的男孩，我没有理由不相信他的话。 21．Picasso is the greatest ________ in the 21st century. A．artist B．tourist C．pianist D．physicist 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毕加索是21世纪最伟大的艺术家。 artist艺术家；tourist游客；pianist钢琴家；physicist物理学家。毕加索是世界著名的画家，属于艺术家，故用artist。 22．Save your work often as a(n) ________ against computer failure. A．conversation B．occupation C．precaution D．qualification 【答案】C 【详解】句意：要经常保存你的工作，以此作为防范电脑故障的措施。 conversation对话，交谈；occupation职业，工作，占据；precaution预防措施，防备，防范；qualification资格，资质，学历。根据“against computer failure”可知，是考查固定搭配as a precaution against，意为“作为防范……的措施”。 23．The Four Great Inventions influenced the entire ________ in significant ways. A．solar system B．world C．galaxy D．ocean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：四大发明在很大程度上影响了整个世界。 solar system太阳系；world世界；galaxy银河系；ocean海洋。中国的四大发明对世界产生了深远的影响，推动了科技、文化和经济的发展。 24．The Great Wall serves as a ________ of Chinese history and culture. A．logo B．symbol C．metaphor D．simile 【答案】B 【详解】句意：长城是中国历史和文化的象征。 logo标识；symbol象征；metaphor隐喻；simile明喻。长城是中国历史和文化的象征，代表着中华民族的坚韧和毅力。 25．When we talk about “effective”, we mean something that can produce a successful or desired ________. A．end B．result C．cause D．start 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们谈论“有效的”时，我们指的是能产生成功或预期结果的事物。 end结尾；result结果；cause原因；start开始。根据“effective”的定义，有效指的是能产生预期的结果。 26．The new ________ is changing the way we live and work. A．technology B．painting C．reporter D．cubaism 【答案】A 【详解】句意：新技术正在改变我们生活和工作的方式。 technology技术；painting绘画；reporter记者；cubaism古巴主义。根据“changing the way we live and work”可知，能产生这种影响的是技术。 27．— Mum, I didn’t make any progress in this math test. I feel upset now. — Don’t worry, son. Please regard each ________ as a step to further efforts. I think you’ll make it. A．failure B．figure C．facility D．feature 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我这次数学考试没有取得任何进步。我现在感到很沮丧。——别担心，儿子。请把每一次失败都看作是进一步努力的台阶。我认为你会成功的。 failure失败；figure数字；facility设施；feature特点。根据“as a step to further efforts”可知，把每一次失败都看作是进一步努力的台阶，故用failure。 28．— What’s your ________? — I like singing and dancing. I often take part in school shows. A．job B．hobby C．dream D．major 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：——你的爱好是什么？——我喜欢唱歌和跳舞。我经常参加学校的表演。A. job工作；B. hobby爱好；C. dream梦想；D. major专业。根据答语“I like singing and dancing.”可知，此处询问的是兴趣爱好。故选B。 29．AI has a good ________ on our life — it helps us save a lot of time on housework. A．influence B．effect C．result D．change 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能对我们的生活有很好的影响——它帮助我们在做家务上节省很多时间。A. influence影响；B. effect效果；C. result结果；D. change改变。根据“it helps us save a lot of time on housework.”可知，空格处应表达“影响”，且固定搭配have a good influence on表示“对……有好的影响”。故选A。 30．The ________ is not allowed to enter this private area. A．volunteer B．assistant C．guest D．public 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：公众不允许进入这个私人区域。A. volunteer志愿者；B. assistant助理；C. guest客人；D. public公众。根据句意及语境可知，公众不允许进入私人领域。故选D。 二、英汉互译 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 31．Many thanks for your congratulations on my passing the college entrance examination. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】非常感谢你对我通过了高考的祝贺。 【详解】考查日常表达用语和搭配。Many thanks 是固定表达，常用于正式感谢， for：因，介词；your congratulations：你的祝贺，作for的宾语，for your congratulations是介宾短语作原因状语；on：关于，my passing the college entrance examination：我通过了高考，作on的宾语，on my passing the college entrance examination是介宾短语说明“congratulations”的具体内容。故本句译为：非常感谢你对我通过了高考的祝贺。 32．The 3-day Beijing tour will help you to enjoy the scenery, culture and history of Beijing. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】三天的北京游将帮助您领略北京的风景、文化和历史。 【详解】考查动词短语和陈述句。The 3-day Beijing tour：三天的北京游；will help：将帮助，“助动词+动词原形”作谓语，help sb (to) do sth：帮助某人做某事，固定搭配；you：你，作宾语；to enjoy：来享受，作宾语补足语；the scenery, culture and history of Beijing：北京的风景、文化和历史，作enjoy的宾语。故本句译为：三天的北京游将帮助您领略北京的风景、文化和历史。 33．Prepare some questions in case you have a chance to come up with one. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】准备一些问题，以防你有机会提问。 【详解】Prepare：准备；some questions：一些问题；in case：以防；you：你；have a chance：有一个机会；to come up with one：提问一个。 34．It is necessary to follow the （说明） when installing the new computer monitor. 【答案】instructions 【详解】考查名词。安装新电脑显示器时，遵循操作说明是必要的。It is necessary：是必要的；to follow遵循， 说明 instructions：遵循操作说明；when：当……的时候；installing the new computer monitor：安装新电脑显示器。故本句填instructions。 35．This restaurant can meet different （顾客的需求）. 【答案】 customers’ needs 【详解】考查名词。这家餐馆能满足不同顾客的需求。分析句子可知，此句为陈述句；This restaurant：这家餐馆，作主语；can meet：能满足，情态动词后接动词原形，作谓语；different 后面接可数名词的复数形式，顾客的需求customers’ needs：，作宾语。故本句填customers’ needs。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $