内容正文:
译林版英语小升初专项练习(冠词a/an/the和零冠词)
核心考点:1.不定冠词a/an、定冠词the和零冠词的辨析、
2.用法及固定搭配
一、冠词(a/an/the)和零冠词 核心语法用法梳理
(一)不定冠词 a / an(表“泛指”,译林版3-4年级重点)
1.核心定义:表示“一个”,用于可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或事物中的任意一个,不特指具体对象。
2.用法区别(小升初核心易错点):
① a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前(注意:看发音,不看字母)
例句:a book(一本书)、a pen(一支钢笔)、a university(一所大学,/juː/ 是辅音音素)、a unit(一个单元)(均为译林版教材高频词汇);
② an 用于元音音素开头的单词前(看发音,不看字母)
例句:an apple(一个苹果)、an egg(一个鸡蛋)、an hour(一个小时,h不发音,以元音音素开头)、an honest boy(一个诚实的男孩)、an art lesson(一节美术课)(译林版教材高频场景);
3.常见用法(贴合译林版教材):
① 表示“一个”数量,如:I have a new bag.(我有一个新书包。);
② 表示某一类人或事物,如:A dog is a loyal animal.(狗是一种忠诚的动物。);
③ 用于职业前,如:She wants to be a teacher.(她想成为一名老师。);
④ 用于固定搭配,如:a lot of(许多)、a kind of(一种)、a bit of(一点)(译林版5年级拓展)。
(二)定冠词 the(表“特指”,译林版4-5年级重点)
1.核心定义:表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”,用于名词前,特指某一类人或事物中具体的一个或多个,双方都清楚所指对象。
2.常见用法(贴合译林版教材场景,小升初高频):
① 特指上文提到过的人或事物,如:I have a pen. The pen is red.(我有一支钢笔,这支钢笔是红色的。);
② 特指双方都知道的人或事物,如:Open the door, please.(请打开门。)(双方都知道指的是哪扇门);
③ 用于世界上独一无二的事物前,如:the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮)、the earth(地球)(译林版科学相关场景拓展);
④ 用于序数词前,如:the first floor(一楼)、the second lesson(第二课)(译林版Unit 8 Birthdays、Unit 3 My school等单元重点);
⑤ 用于乐器前,如:play the piano(弹钢琴)、play the violin(拉小提琴)(译林版音乐相关场景);
⑥ 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前,如:the Great Wall(长城)、the Yangtze River(长江)(译林版文化相关拓展);
⑦ 用于固定搭配,如:in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)、at the moment(此刻)、by the way(顺便说)(译林版高频固定短语)。
(三)零冠词(不用a/an/the,译林版5-6年级重点)
1.核心定义:名词前不加任何冠词,用于泛指一类人或事物、固定搭配等场景,是小升初易错点。
2.常见用法(贴合译林版教材,重点记忆):
① 专有名词前(人名、地名、国名等),如:China(中国)、Lucy(露西)、London(伦敦)、Class Two(二班)(译林版教材高频专有名词);
② 复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如:Dogs are loyal.(狗是忠诚的。)、They are teachers.(他们是老师。);
③ 一日三餐、球类运动前,如:have breakfast(吃早餐)、play football(踢足球)、play basketball(打篮球)(译林版日常活动、体育场景重点);
④ 星期、月份、季节、节日前(特例:被限定性定语修饰时加the),如:on Sunday(在周日)、in March(在三月)、in spring(在春天)、on Women’s Day(在妇女节);
⑤ 名词前有定语(物主代词my/your、指示代词this/that、不定代词some/any等)时,如:my book(我的书)、this pen(这支钢笔)、some apples(一些苹果);
⑥ 交通工具前(by+交通工具),如:by bus(乘公共汽车)、by bike(骑自行车)、by car(乘汽车)(译林版出行场景重点);
⑦ 固定搭配,如:go to school(去上学)、go home(回家)、in bed(在床上)、at work(在工作)、on foot(步行)(译林版日常场景高频短语)。
(四)小升初易错点提醒(贴合译林版教材易错题型)
1.a/an的区别:看发音,不看字母(如an hour、a university),避免误判元音字母开头就用an;
2.the的使用:序数词、乐器前必须加the,球类、一日三餐前不加the;
3.零冠词易错:by+交通工具不加the,但take a bus、in a car需加冠词;
4.专有名词:普通名词构成的专有名词(如the Great Wall)加the,单纯国名、人名不加the;
5.重复提及:首次提及用a/an,再次提及用the(如a book → the book)。
专项练习(总分100分)
(一)用a、an、the或/(零冠词)填空(每题1分,共15分)
1.This is __________ book.It’s __________ interesting book.
2.I have __________ pen. __________ pen is red.
3.She plays __________ piano every evening.
4.We go to school by __________ bus every day.
5.He has __________ apple for breakfast every morning.
6.__________ sun is much bigger than __________ moon.
7.They play __________ football after school.
8.We have __________ art lesson on Monday.
9.This is __________ university. It’s very beautiful.
10.I go to __________ bed at 9:30 every night.
11.__________ eighth month of a year is August.
12.She wants to be __________ doctor when she grows up.
13.We visited __________ Great Wall during our trip.
14.There is ____ “h” and _____ “u” in the word “hour”.
15.They have __________ lunch at 12:00.
(二)单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)
( )1. There is __________ big apple on the desk.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. My brother plays ____ basketball well,but he doesn’t play _____ piano.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
( )3. —What do you usually have for __________ breakfast?
—I have __________ egg and some bread.
A. /; an B. the; an C. a; a D. /; a
( )4.This is _____ useful book.I think you should read it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )5.We go to ________ school at 7:30 in _______ morning.
A. the; the B. /; the C. a; an D. /; /
( )6. __________ girl in red is my best friend, Lucy.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
( )7. He often goes to work by ____ bike,but today he goes by _____ car.
A. a; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /
( )8. There is ________ “s” and _____ “t” in the word “student”.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
( )9.________ earth is _______ planet in the solar system.
A. A; an B. An; the C. The; the D. /; /
( )10. She is __________ honest girl. Everyone likes her. A. a B. an C. the D. /
(三)判断句子中冠词使用是否正确,正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”并改正(每题2分,共10分)
1.I have a orange. It’s very sweet. ( )
改正:____________________
2. She often plays the football with her friends. ( )
改正:____________________
3. The summer is my favourite season. ( )
改正:____________________
4. He goes to the school by bike every day. ( )
改正:____________________
5. This is an useful book. ( )
改正:____________________
(四)选词填空(a/an/the/不填)(每题1分,共20分)
1.There is __________ (a / an / the / 不填) pen on the desk. __________ (a / an / the / 不填) pen is black.
2.My mother usually goes to work by __________ (a / an / the / 不填) bike.
3.I eat __________ (a / an / the / 不填) apple every day. It’s good for my health.
4.We have __________ (a / an / the / 不填) lunch at 12:00. After __________ (a / an / the / 不填) lunch, we have a rest.
5.She plays _______ (a / an / the / 不填) violin very well. She will have _____ (a / an / the / 不填) concert next week.
6.__________ (a / an / the / 不填) sun rises in __________ (a / an / the / 不填) east and sets in __________ (a / an / the / 不填) west.
7.He is __________ (a / an / the / 不填) university student. He studies __________ (a / an / the / 不填) English.
8.They often play __________ (a / an / the / 不填) basketball after school.
9. ________ (a / an / the / 不填) Spring Festival is one of _________ (a / an / the / 不填) most important festivals in China.
10.I saw __________ (a / an / the / 不填) cat yesterday. __________ (a / an / the / 不填) cat was black and white.
11. She goes to __________ (a / an / the / 不填) bed at 9:00 every night.
12.There is __________ (a / an / the / 不填) “h” in the word “hour”.
13.We visited __________ (a / an / the / 不填) Great Wall last summer.
14.He wants to buy _________ (a / an / the / 不填) new bike. __________ (a / an / the / 不填) bike costs 800 yuan.
15.They go to __________ (a / an / the / 不填) school at 7:30 in __________ (a / an / the / 不填) morning.
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
1.There is a book on the desk.(改为复数句,注意冠词变化)
There are __________ __________ on the desk.
2.She plays the piano every evening.(改为否定句)
She __________ __________ the piano every evening.
3. He has an apple for breakfast.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ he have for breakfast?
4. They play football after school.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ they __________ __________ after school?
5. This is a useful book.(改为感叹句,用what引导)
__________ __________ useful book this is!
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
Hello, everyone! My name is Lily. I’m a Grade Six student. I go to __________(1)school by bike every day. We have __________(2)art lesson on Monday afternoon. I like __________(3)art lesson very much, because I can draw beautiful pictures.
After school, I often play __________(4)football with my friends. Sometimes, my mother takes me to __________(5)park. We have a good time there.
1. A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. A. a B. an C. the D. /
(七)阅读理解(每题2分,共10分)
My name is Tom.I’m twelve years old.I live in ________ big city. There is __________ park near my home. I often go to __________ park with my family on weekends.
On Saturday morning,I usually have __________ breakfast at 8:00.Then I go to __________ park to play.I like playing __________ football with my brother.My sister likes drawing pictures in __________ park. My parents like walking there.
In the afternoon,we often go to ________ library.I read __________ book about animals.It’s __________ interesting book. I like my weekends very much.
根据短文内容,填入合适的冠词(a/an/the/不填)填空:
参考答案及解析
(一)用a、an、the或/(零冠词)填空(每题1分,共15分)
1. a; an 解析:第一空book辅音音素开头,用a;第二空interesting元音音素开头,用an,贴合a/an的用法区别。
2. a; The 解析:第一空首次提及pen,辅音音素开头用a;第二空再次提及,表特指,用the。
3. the 解析:乐器piano前必须加the,是译林版音乐场景高频考点。
4. / 解析:by+交通工具(bus)前用零冠词,贴合译林版出行场景用法。
5. an 解析:apple元音音素开头,用an,表“一个苹果”。
6. The; the 解析:世界上独一无二的事物(sun、moon)前加the。
7. / 解析:球类运动(football)前用零冠词,贴合译林版体育场景用法。
8. an 解析:art元音音素开头,用an,表“一节美术课”,是译林版校园场景高频表达。
9. a 解析:university发音以辅音音素/juː/开头,用a,易错点:勿因字母u开头误判用an。
10. / 解析:固定搭配go to bed前用零冠词。
11. The 解析:序数词eighth前必须加the,表“第八个月”。
12. a 解析:职业doctor前用a,表“一名医生”。
13. the 解析:普通名词构成的专有名词(the Great Wall)前加the。
14. an; a 解析:h不发音,以元音音素开头,用an;u发音以辅音音素/juː/开头,用a。
15. / 解析:一日三餐(lunch)前用零冠词。
(二)单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)
1. A 解析:big辅音音素开头,表“一个大苹果”,用a,an用于元音音素开头,the表特指,均不符合题意。
2. B 解析:球类运动(basketball)前用零冠词,乐器(piano)前加the,贴合译林版高频考点,易错点:勿混淆球类和乐器前的冠词用法。
3. A 解析:一日三餐(breakfast)前用零冠词;egg元音音素开头,用an,贴合日常场景用法。
4. A 解析:useful发音以辅音音素/juː/开头,用a,易错点:勿因字母u开头误选an。
5. B 解析:固定搭配go to school前用零冠词;in the morning是固定搭配,加the。
6. C 解析:“in red”作后置定语,特指“穿红衣服的女孩”,用the,贴合the表特指的用法。
7. D 解析:by+交通工具(bike)前用零冠词;by car前通常用零冠词。
8. B 解析:s发音以元音音素/e/开头,用an;t发音以辅音音素/t/开头,用a,贴合a/an的发音区别。
9. C 解析:世界上独一无二的事物(earth、planet,此处planet特指太阳系中的行星)前加the。
10. B 解析:honest中h不发音,以元音音素开头,用an,表“一个诚实的女孩”。
(三)判断句子中冠词使用是否正确,正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”并改正(每题2分,共10分)
1. × 改正:I have an orange. It’s very sweet. 解析:orange元音音素开头,应用an,而非a,是常见易错点。
2. × 改正:She often plays football with her friends. 解析:球类运动(football)前用零冠词,不加the。
3. × 改正:Summer is my favourite season. 解析:季节(summer)前用零冠词,不加the(无限定性定语修饰)。
4. × 改正:He goes to school by bike every day. 解析:固定搭配go to school前用零冠词,不加the。
5. × 改正:This is a useful book. 解析:useful发音以辅音音素/juː/开头,应用a,而非an,易错点的考查。
(四)选词填空(a/an/the/不填)(每题1分,共20分)
1. a; The 解析:第一空首次提及pen,辅音音素开头用a;第二空再次提及,表特指用the。
2. 不填 解析:by+bike前用零冠词,固定搭配。
3. an 解析:apple元音音素开头,用an。
4. 不填; 不填 解析:一日三餐(lunch)前用零冠词,再次提及也不加the。
5. the; a 解析:乐器(violin)前加the;concert辅音音素开头,表“一场音乐会”,用a。
6. The; the; the 解析:世界上独一无二的事物(sun)前加the;方位词(east、west)前加the。
7. a; 不填 解析:university辅音音素开头,用a;学科名称(English)前用零冠词。
8. 不填 解析:球类运动(basketball)前用零冠词。
9. The; the 解析:节日(Spring Festival)前加the;形容词最高级(most important)前加the。
10. a; The 解析:首次提及cat,辅音音素开头用a;再次提及,表特指用the。
11. 不填 解析:固定搭配go to bed前用零冠词。
12. an 解析:h不发音,以元音音素开头,用an。
13. the 解析:the Great Wall是专有名词,前加the。
14. a; The 解析:首次提及bike,辅音音素开头用a;再次提及,表特指用the。
15. 不填; the 解析:固定搭配go to school前用零冠词;in the morning是固定搭配,加the。
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
1. some; books 解析:单数句变复数句,a book变some books,复数名词前不加a/an,贴合单复数转换及冠词用法。
doesn’t; play 解析:改为否定句,主语she是第三人称单数,用助动词doesn’t,后面接动词原形play,the piano前的the保留,贴合否定句变法。
What; does 解析:对“an apple”(事物)提问,用what;主语he是第三人称单数,用助动词does,贴合特殊疑问句考点。
Do; play; football 解析:改为一般疑问句,主语they是复数,用助动词do,后面接动词原形play;football前用零冠词,保留原形。
What; a 解析:what引导的感叹句结构:What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!useful辅音音素开头,用a,贴合感叹句用法。
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
1. D 解析:固定搭配go to school前用零冠词,a/an表泛指,the表特指,均不符合题意。
2. B 解析:art元音音素开头,表“一节美术课”,用an,a用于辅音音素开头,the表特指,均不符合题意。
3. C 解析:再次提及前文的art lesson,表特指,用the,贴合the表特指的用法。
4. D 解析:球类运动(football)前用零冠词,a/an表泛指,the表特指,均不符合题意。
5. A 解析:表“一个公园”,park辅音音素开头,用a,the表特指(此处首次提及,不特指),an用于元音音素开头,均不符合题意。
(七)阅读理解(每题2分,共10分)
1. a 解析:big city辅音音素开头,表“一个大城市”,用a。
2. a 解析:park辅音音素开头,表“一个公园”,首次提及,用a。
3. the 解析:再次提及前文的park,表特指,用the。
4. / 解析:一日三餐(breakfast)前用零冠词。
5. the 解析:再次提及park,表特指,用the。
6. / 解析:球类运动(football)前用零冠词。
7. the 解析:再次提及park,表特指,用the。
8. the 解析:此处library表特指“某个图书馆”,用the。
9. a 解析:book辅音音素开头,表“一本书”,用a。
10. an 解析:interesting元音音素开头,表“一本有趣的书”,用an。
总结:本题型全面覆盖冠词(a/an/the)和零冠词的核心考点,重点突破“a/an的发音区别、the的特指用法、零冠词的固定搭配”三大易错点,所有题目均贴合译林版教材场景(校园、日常活动、音乐、体育等),适配小升初升学难度。建议结合语法梳理和解析,重点记忆固定搭配和易错点(如a/an的发音判断、球类/乐器前的冠词用法),多练习语篇中的运用,避免在考试中因冠词使用错误失分。
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