精品解析：上海市嘉定区嘉一实验高级中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试高二英语试题（A）

2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语试卷（A） （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What to Say to A Rude Person Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself ___1___ (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, ___2___ would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers. When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he ___3___ (have) enough of the woman’s rudeness. But the press was now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude. Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, ___4___ (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this? Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely ___5___ we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ___6___ (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way ___7___ (end) a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time. The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger ___8___ drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (“I rubbed fries on their wind — shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”). Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman’s behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. We must instead combat rudeness head on. ___9___ we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, and handle it ____10____ trace of aggression and rudeness. Once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. 【答案】1. becoming 2. which 3. had had 4. fueled 5. that 6. less creative 7. to end 8. can 9. When 10. without 【解析】 【导语】本文借医生在火车上曝光喧哗乘客一事，谈及社交媒体加剧粗鲁风气。粗鲁易传染危害诸多，应直面制止，温和有礼化解不当言行。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，当英国医生罗伯特·温斯顿勋爵乘坐火车从伦敦前往曼彻斯特时，他发现自己逐渐变得怒不可遏。此处become与himself构成主动关系，且表示当时正在进行，故用现在分词作宾补。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一位女士拿起手机，开始大声地交谈起来，这场谈话竟然持续了长达一个小时之久，令人难以置信。非限制性定语从句修饰上文的conversation，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which。 【3题详解】 考查时态。句意：当火车抵达目的地时，温斯顿迅速下了车，因为他已经受够了那个女人的无礼行为了。下车是过去动作，“受够”发生在下车之前，过去完成时had had。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事在某种程度上反映了我们这个日益缺乏礼貌的时代的缩影，这种现象是由社交媒体（以及往往还有政治因素）所引发的。rudeness与fuel为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。 【5题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：仅仅是目睹这一行为，就会大大增加我们日后也会变得粗鲁的可能性。make it likely that…为固定句型，that引导宾语从句。 【6题详解】 考查比较级。句意：一旦受到感染，我们会变得更具攻击性、创造力下降，而且工作表现也更差。与more aggressive、worse 并列，表示“创造力下降”用比较级less creative。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：要终结这种（粗鲁的）传播链/风气，唯一的办法就是做出慎重的决定去这样做。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：当我们对一个陌生人的粗鲁行为感到愤怒和不公时，这种情绪可能会驱使我们做出一些奇怪的举动。表客观可能性应用情态动词can。 【9题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当我们在商店里看到这种情况发生时，我们必须站出来表明自己的看法。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when，首字母大写。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：但我们可以以优雅的姿态去完成这件事，并且在处理过程中不会表现出任何的攻击性和粗鲁行为。此处表示“不带任何侵略性和无礼”，应用介词without。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assume B. attained C. correspondingly D. demonstrations E. severely F. exposed G. justifications H. packed I. practice J. substantial K. vehicle Could you learn physics in foreign languages? Learning both a language and a subject like physics simultaneously might seem overwhelming, but that’s the idea behind CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), a methodology gaining popularity since its introduction in Europe in the 1990s. One of its main ____11____ was efficiency: if languages could be picked up through exposure in other subject lessons, pressure on ____12____ timetables would be reduced. Of course, CLIL brings many challenges for teachers who are required to make ____13____ adjustments to the way they teach. For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to: while in a traditional language course, texts are constructed primarily as a ____14____ for the language points they want to teach, in CLIL the language emerges somewhat randomly from the subject content. Conversely, subject teachers can no longer talk about their subjects to their students and ____15____ they will understand everything. They will almost certainly need to adapt by relying less on language and more on ____16____ or experiments to convey information. There is also a good deal of fear to overcome. Subject teachers may have ____17____ only low levels of language skills and therefore lack confidence in teaching in a foreign language, while a language teacher’s initial reaction to the idea of teaching maths will often be one of horror! Solutions to these problems will vary according to the setting in which teachers work. Good CLIL teaching materials are increasingly available, while many schools ____18____ a cooperative approach, with language and subject teachers negotiating both the balance between language and content, and the ways in which their different teaching styles can be brought together in a successful lesson. Does CLIL work? Research suggests it does. Like the elite Roman children who were educated in Greek, students ____19____ to CLIL often achieve good results, even in mixed-ability classes. It could be that the concentration required to understand the language means that the subject information is _____20_____ well absorbed. 【答案】11. G 12. H 13. J 14. K 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. I 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以用外语学习物理为例，介绍了CLIL（内容与语言整合教学法）通过在其他学科课程中学习语言来提高效率，尽管给教师带来挑战，但研究表明，这种方法能帮助学生取得好成绩。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：其主要理由之一是效率：如果可以通过接触其他学科课程来学习语言，那么紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少。空处作of的宾语，被its main修饰，结合“was efficiency”可推知，G项justifications“正当理由，合理解释”符合题意，为可数名词复数形式，构成“one of+可数名词复数”的结构，意为“……之一”，表示“主要理由之一是效率”。故选G。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：其主要理由之一是效率：如果可以通过接触其他学科课程来学习语言，那么紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少。空处作修饰timetables的定语，结合“would be reduced”可推知，H项packed“非常拥挤的”符合题意，表示“紧凑的时间表上的压力就会减少”。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，CLIL给教师带来了许多挑战，他们需要对教学方式做出实质性的调整。空处作修饰adjustments的定语，结合下一句中“For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to”可推知，J项substantial“实质性的”符合题意，表示“做出实质性的调整”。故选J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于语言教师来说，他们所习惯的几乎完全相反：在传统的语言课程中，文本主要是作为他们想要教授的语言点的载体，而在CLIL中，语言从主题内容中随机出现。空处作as的宾语，空前有不定冠词a，结合“for the language points they want to teach”可推知，K项vehicle“载体”符合题意，为可数名词单数形式，表示“文本主要是作为他们想要教授的语言点的载体”。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，学科教师不能再向学生谈论他们的学科，并认为他们会理解一切。空处作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语teachers是复数名词，结合“they will understand everything”可推知，A项assume“认为”符合题意，表示“认为他们会理解一切”。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们几乎肯定需要减少对语言的依赖，更多地依靠演示或实验来传达信息。空处和experiments并列，作on的宾语，结合“to convey information”可推知，D项demonstrations“演示”符合题意，表示“更多地依靠演示或实验来传达信息”。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：学科教师可能只有较低的语言技能水平，因此缺乏用外语教学的信心，而语言教师对教数学的最初反应往往是恐惧！空处构成谓语，空前有may have，表推测，结合“only low levels of language skills”可推知，B项attained“获得”符合题意，表示“可能只有较低的语言技能水平”。故选B。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：好的CLIL教材越来越多，而许多学校实行合作的方法，语言和学科教师协商语言和内容之间的平衡，以及如何将他们不同的教学风格结合在一起，从而成功地上一节课。空处作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语schools是复数名词，结合“a cooperative approach”可推知，I项practice“实行”符合题意，表示“实行合作的方法”。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就像用希腊语接受教育的罗马精英儿童一样，接触CLIL的学生经常取得好成绩，即使在混合能力的班级里也是如此。句子已有谓语achieve，空处是非谓语，作修饰students的后置定语，结合“to CLIL”可推知，F项exposed“接触”符合题意，短语be exposed to意为“接触到”，表示“接触CLIL的学生经常取得好成绩”。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：这可能是因为理解语言所需的专注力意味着主题信息被相应地很好地吸收了。空处作状语，结合“the concentration required to understand the language”可推知，C项correspondingly“相应地”符合题意，表示“主题信息被相应地很好地吸收”。故选C。 Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with word or phrase that best fits the context. All that chatter on social media may be more valuable than we think, say researchers who are ____21____ the postings for clues about how to best control infectious disease. According to the researchers, who reported their findings in the journal Science, applying mathematical models to what people are talking about on Facebook and Twitter could help scientists to better understand how contagious (感染的) diseases spread, and how people react to ____22____. “Social media and other data sources can be used for ____23____ into how people will react when faced with a new disease control measure or the threat of infectious disease,” study author Chris Bauch, a professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Waterloo, said in a statement. “We can create ____24____ from this data that allows researchers to observe how social contagion networks ____25____ better-known biological contagion networks.” What people ____26____ on social media can sometimes predict the spread of ideas about diseases like the flu, for example, or beliefs about vaccinations. The researchers looked at the social media reactions to ____27____ like childhood immunizations and public health messages related to infections like influenza. “If highly ____28____ people in the social network (such as celebrities) suggest that the vaccine carries risks, the resulting understanding of vaccine risks can spread quickly through the social network, ____29____ a vaccine scare and a (n) ____30____ in vaccine coverage,” they write.____31____, such social connectivity can also help to ____32____ biological contagion through ____33____ or culturally promoted behaviors, like covering your mouth when you cough. Bauch and his co-author Alison Galvani from Yale University argue that social media should get more attention as a means of judging how people will respond to disease control measures. Collecting data from social networks could be used to understand behavior, and predict how a population may ____34____ to control measures, which is valuable for public health workers. The researchers are continuing to study how social media can ____35____ together both social contagion and biological contagion networks to better predict how diseases spread — and how to stop them. 21. A. underlying B. mining C. burying D. drawing 22. A. outcomes B. outlets C. outbreaks D. outlooks 23. A. insight B. implication C. investigation D. application 24. A. charts B. models C. methods D. wonders 25. A. couple with B. interfere with C. mix with D. interact with 26. A. update B. act C. share D. comment 27. A. issues B. examples C. tips D. trends 28. A. acknowledged B. connected C. respected D. scolded 29. A. fueling B. accumulating C. removing D. stimulating 30. A. increase B. urge C. recovery D. drop 31. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Virtually D. Accordingly 32. A. spread B. prevent C. accelerate D. affect 33. A. imitated B. intended C. motivated D. inherited 34. A. agree B. adapt C. appeal D. respond 35. A. employ B. analyze C. relate D. tie 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了研究人员通过挖掘社交媒体上的帖子来寻找关于如何最好地控制传染病的线索，并阐述了社交媒体在预测疾病传播和人们反应方面的作用。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员正在挖掘这些发帖内容，寻找最佳管控传染病的线索，他们表示社交媒体上的各类讨论或许比我们想象中更有价值。A. underlying构成…… 的基础；B. mining挖掘；C. burying埋葬；D. drawing画。根据下文“the postings for clues about how to best control infectious disease”可知，研究人员搜集挖掘社交平台信息。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果，研究人员表示，将数学模型应用于人们在Facebook和Twitter上的言论，可以帮助科学家更好地了解传染病的传播方式，以及人们对疫情爆发的反应。A. outcomes结果；B. outlets出口；C. outbreaks（疾病）爆发；D. outlooks展望。根据上文“how contagious (感染的) diseases spread”可知，此处指人们对传染病爆发的反应，固定搭配disease outbreaks意为“疫情爆发”。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：社交媒体及其他数据来源可用于深入了解人们面对新型防疫措施或传染病威胁时的反应。A. insight深刻了解、洞悉；B. implication暗示；C. investigation调查；D. application应用。根据下文“into how people will react”可知，社交媒体和其他数据来源可以提供深入了解人们反应的途径。insight into为固定短语，意为“对……的深入了解”。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们可以依托这些数据建立模型，让研究人员更清晰地观察社会传播网络与广为人知的生物传染网络之间如何相互影响。A. charts图表；B. models模型；C. methods方法；D. wonders奇迹。根据上文“applying mathematical models”可知，上下文多次提及科研使用模型分析数据，此处是信息词models的词汇复现。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意同上。A. couple with与……结合；B. interfere with干扰；C. mix with与……混合；D. interact with与……相互作用。根据上文“social contagion networks”和下文“biological contagion networks”可知，文章研究两种传播网络的相互影响与联系。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，人们在社交媒体上分享的内容，有时能够预测流感等疾病相关观念的传播趋势，或是大众对疫苗接种的看法。A. update更新；B. act行动；C. share分享；D. comment评论。根据下文“on social media”可知，人们在社交平台分享观点、内容，share贴合日常网络行为。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员分析了网民针对儿童疫苗接种、流感感染相关公共卫生宣传等公共卫生议题的社交媒体反应。A. issues议题，公共问题；B. examples例子；C. tips提示；D. trends趋势。根据下文“childhood immunizations and public health messages related to infections like influenza”可知，疫苗接种和公共卫生都属于社会公共议题。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究人员写道：“社交网络中人脉广泛的关键人物（如名人）若宣称疫苗存在风险，这种疫苗风险认知会在社交网络中迅速扩散，加剧疫苗恐慌，造成疫苗接种率下降。” A. acknowledged公认的；B. connected人脉广的、社交联结强的；C. respected受尊敬的；D. scolded被斥责的。根据下文“in the social network (such as celebrities)”可知，名人在社交网络中联结广泛、影响力大。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. fueling加剧；B. accumulating积累；C. removing移除；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“suggest that the vaccine carries risks”可知，负面言论会助长、加剧恐慌。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. increase增长；B. urge强烈欲望；C. recovery恢复；D. drop下降。根据上文“a vaccine scare”可知，民众害怕疫苗，自然会减少接种，接种率下降。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，这种社会联结也能够借助模仿性行为或大众推崇的健康习惯（如咳嗽时捂住口鼻），帮助防范生物性疾病传播。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Virtually实际上；D. Accordingly因此。上段讲社交网络的负面影响（疫苗恐慌），本段讲正面作用，上下文正反对比，为转折逻辑。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. spread传播；B. prevent阻止；C. accelerate加速；D. affect影响。根据下文“through _____ or culturally promoted behaviors, like covering your mouth when you cough”可知，良好社交传播的健康行为，能够预防疾病传播。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. imitated模仿；B. intended打算；C. motivated激发；D. inherited继承。根据上文“social connectivity ”和下文“or culturally promoted behaviors”可知，社交平台中健康行为会被大众模仿学习。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：收集社交网络数据，有助于分析大众行为、预测民众对防疫举措的应对方式，这对公共卫生工作者而言意义重大。A. agree同意；B. adapt适应；C. appeal呼吁；D. respond反应。根据上文“how people will respond to disease control measures”可知，此处指预测人群可能对控制措施的反应。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：目前，研究人员仍在持续研究如何借助社交媒体，将社会传播网络与生物传染网络紧密结合，从而更精准地预测疾病传播路径，并探索阻断疾病传播的有效方法。A. employ雇佣；B. analyze分析；C. relate联系；D. tie系。根据下文“together both social contagion and biological contagion networks”可知，此处指将两种网络联系在一起。固定搭配tie together意为“把……联系起来”。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Family stories are amazing to me. You hear of family members long ago and by hearing about their stories, you can find timeless wisdom that can apply to your own life. I’ll never forget the story my mom told me about Grandma. Grandma cooked for a crew of 24 farmhands so most of her days were taken up cooking breakfast, lunch, and dinner for a bunch of loud complaining men coming in from hunting or farming. She took care of five children as well so her house was a busy little place, but where you would find Grandma the most would be in front of her stove, stirring (搅拌) a pot of something. The kids would run in and she’d give them a hug and then she’d go back to stirring. The men would come in and clean up all the biscuits and bacon and then she’d start on the next meal, once again standing and stirring at the stove. They’d tell her how wonderful her food was and then pour out their troubles to her as she listened and stirred. One time Ruth watched as the farmhands ate quickly and went back out to work, hearing all of them grumbling about their lives. Then one by one the children came in to tell Grandma their own worries. She would smile, give them some kind of advice, and keep stirring. Ruth watched sitting at the table and when everyone left she said, “Mother, how can you just sit there and stir? Everyone tells you how bad their life is and you just smile and stir? Why don’t you just tell them that you’ve had enough and you can’t take anymore? Do something… Stop stirring!” Grandma looked up at Ruth and smiled… and kept stirring. “Ruth, don’t you know that the stirring is very important? You see, when I’m stirring I’m putting all my thoughts and dreams into that pot. As everyone comes in and tells me about their life I put the love and positive thoughts into my pot and stir. Then when they eat it they have been given a pot full of hope. If we have any kind of problems I envision (想象) a solution and put it in my pot and stir. My stirring is what keeps me focused on what is good in the world. So instead of worrying about all that is around me I keep stirring knowing that all is well.” 36. From the passage we know ________. A. women’s position was very low in those days B. lots of people lived in the author’s family C. the author’s grandma lived a very busy life D. women could not find jobs outside at that time 37. The underlined phrase “grumbling about” in the passage means “________”. A. talking about B. complaining about C. showing off D. commenting on 38. Why did Ruth ask her mother those questions? A. She believed her mother was so great and helpful. B. She thought her mother treated the workers badly. C. She thought it was unfair for her mother to do so much work. D. She complained her mother was doing nothing but stir. 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Grandma always put her tiredness and troubles into the pot. B. Grandma was always worried about people’s troubles and problems. C. Grandma was unconcerned with other people’s complaint and troubles. D. Grandma was always keeping a positive attitude to anything good or bad. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者祖母日复一日在灶台前忙碌，用搅拌食物的方式传递爱与希望，始终积极面对生活的温暖故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Grandma cooked for a crew of 24 farmhands so most of her days were taken up cooking breakfast, lunch, and dinner for a bunch of loud complaining men coming in from hunting or farming. She took care of five children as well so her house was a busy little place. (祖母要为24名农场工人做饭，所以她大部分时间都在为一群打猎或务农回来、吵吵嚷嚷爱抱怨的人准备早、中、晚餐。她还要照顾五个孩子，所以她的家是一个忙碌的小地方。)”可知，祖母要给24个农场工人做早中晚饭，还要照顾孩子，生活很忙碌。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“One time Ruth watched as the farmhands ate quickly and went back out to work, hearing all of them grumbling about their lives. Then one by one the children came in to tell Grandma their own worries. (有一次，露丝看着农场工人快速吃完饭后回去工作，听到他们所有人都在grumbling about自己的生活。然后孩子们一个接一个进来告诉祖母他们自己的烦恼。)”可知，grumbling about与后面的worries相呼应，表示“抱怨”之意。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Ruth watched sitting at the table and when everyone left she said, ‘Mother, how can you just sit there and stir? Everyone tells you how bad their life is and you just smile and stir? Why don’t you just tell them that you’ve had enough and you can’t take anymore? Do something... Stop stirring!’(露丝坐在桌子旁看着，当所有人都离开后，她说：‘妈妈，你怎么能只是坐在那里搅拌呢？每个人都告诉你他们的生活有多糟糕，而你只是微笑着搅拌？你为什么不直接告诉他们你已经受够了，再也无法忍受了？做点什么吧……停止搅拌！’)”可知，露丝抱怨母亲除了搅拌什么都不做。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As everyone comes in and tells me about their life I put the love and positive thoughts into my pot and stir. (当每个人进来告诉我他们的生活时，我就把爱和积极的想法放进锅里搅拌。)”可知，祖母始终保持积极的人生态度。 (B) The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed. For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER) Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan. Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work. Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent. Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof. Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up. Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year. Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. 40. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________. A. make rooms quieter B. control room temperature C. turn off the air conditioner D. reduce room air pollution 41. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________. A. planting leafy trees around your home B. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs 42. According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______. A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans B. sharing cars with others on workdays C. turning off everything not in use D. reducing 10% of your car trips every year 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致能源危机的一些原因并提出了相应的解决方法。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent.”可知，让一个可编程的恒温器“为你记住”去自动调整室内气候与你的日常和周末模式，以减少高达10%的冷却费用。由此可知，恒温器是调整室内气候，即控制室温。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.”可知，美国普通通勤者每周与另外两个人共用一辆每加仑汽油行驶20.1英里的汽车，平均每年可节省约260英镑——假设这三名乘客分摊汽油费用。所以作者建议工作日拼车。故选B。 【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。 高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章。以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接地表明作者的态度立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，作者往往不直接提出文章观点，而且作者写作时也常常带有某种倾向性，所以我们在读这种体裁的文章时，要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词或短语。学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。我们要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语。出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。此类试题的干扰项常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点；或是社会的一种普遍倾向；或是与本文无关或与作者的观点或看法相反等。学生容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。 如第二小题，根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。 (C) Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 43. “Untaught mind” in the first paragraph refers to __________. A. an individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident B. a person who has had no education C. a citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity D. a person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation 44. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The intelligence they possess. C. The way they deal with problems. D. The variety of ideas they have. 45. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________. A. devoted to the progress of science B. diligent in pursuing their goals C. concerned about the advance of society D. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things 46. The most suitable title for this passage might be ________. A. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals B. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence C. Discoveries and Innovation D. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论证了科学和技术上的发现是来自创新者的努力和坚持的观点。 【43题详解】 词义猜测题。根据首段前四句“Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. (科学和技术上的发现往往来自于“ ”的耀眼的闪光或戏剧性事故的结果。亚历山大·弗莱明爵士并没有像传说中那样，看到一块奶酪上的霉菌就立刻想到了青霉素。他对抗菌物质进行了9年的实验才有了这一发现。发明和创新几乎总是来自艰难的试验和错误。)”可知，通过亚历山大·弗莱明发现青霉素的例子可以看出，发明和创新几乎总是来自艰难的试验和错误。所以，科学和技术上的发现往往来自于在实验中不计艰苦的人，所以划线短语“untaught minds”指的是不计艰苦实验的人。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. (创新的不同之处主要在于方法。每个人都有想法，但创新者会有意识地在他们的想法上工作，他们会坚持到底，直到证明这些想法是可行的或不可行的。普通人认为是异想天开的抽象概念，专业创新者却认为是实实在在的可能性。)”可知，每个人都有想法，但是创新者会坚持想法，直到证明这些想法是可行的或不可行的，而普通人认为是异想天开的抽象概念。所以创新者和非创新者的区别是，他们对待想法，对待问题的方式不同。故选C。 【45题详解】 词义猜测题。根据末段最后三句“Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. (面对从A地到B地，一般人会自动选择最知名、最简单的路线。创新者会寻找替代路线，从长远来看，这些路线可能会更容易，而且肯定会更有趣，更有挑战性，即使它们会进入死胡同。极具创造力的人确实会 。)”可知，创新者会选择与众不同的挑战，不会随大流。故选D。 【46题详解】 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是首段第四句“Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. (发明和创新几乎总是来自艰难的试验和错误。)”以及末段第二句“Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. (创新者不会接受只有一种方法可以做任何事情。)”可知，本文主要讲述了创新是通过反复试错得来的，也就是创新和勤奋的关系，所以用B项“The Relation Between Creation and Diligence”作为本文的题目，与主题相符合。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Bitter Truth Behind Vanilla Vanilla is one of the world’s most popular spices and an important ingredient in products ranging from chocolate to perfume. However, the wholesale price of vanilla has reached up to $600 per kilogram, when just a few years ago it fetched a tenth of that. What is happening? Madagascar supplies more than 80 percent of the world’s natural vanilla. In the 19th century, the French introduced Bourbon vanilla to their African island colony. Today, vanilla represents 20 percent of Madagascan exports, worth around $600 million at current prices. However, it is a difficult crop to grow. A vine takes three to four years to mature. ____47____ Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin content (the compound that gives vanilla its flavor). Months of blanching(焯水), sweathing(焖煮) and gradual drying in the sun are then necessary to produce the aromatic(芳香的) spice. Six hundred hand-pollinated blossoms yield about six kilos of green beans, which convert to one kilo of dried beans. The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government. ____48____ Madagascar’s government was eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime(体制). Food giants such as Unilever and Nestlé also increased their use of synthetic vanillin, which can be produced from reliable sources, adding to the pressure. For 30 years, Madagascar’s vanilla farmers earned just a pittance, and many ended up leaving the business. But even with fewer producers, the price of natural vanilla stayed low. It was not until public tastes started shifting towards all things natural that farmers’ fortunes revived. From around 2011, some manufacturers began focusing once more on natural vanilla. In 2015, Nestlé announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hershey’s followed suit. ____49____ Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory(囤货) and speculate (做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high. ____50____ To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties(处罚). If it manages this, Madagascar could yet savor the benefits of its near monopoly(垄断). A. It’s expensive because it’s both labor-intensive and time-consuming to grow. B. Demand has therefore surged, and with it prices - in part because natural supplies are insufficient. C. If pollination (授粉) is successful, it will take another eight to nine months until the plant matures. D. This rise has not been without its challenges. E. The flowers open for just one day a year, so pollination is done completely by hand. F. But such were the prices it demanded for vanilla that in the 1980s buyers turned their attention to the cheaper, poor-quality version available elsewhere, in particular Indonesia. 【答案】47. E 48. F 49. B 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，香草是世界上最受欢迎的香料之一，其批发价格高达每公斤600美元，然而就在几年前，它的价格只有这个价格的十分之一，文章讲述了其中的原因。 【47题详解】 根据上文“A vine takes three to four years to mature.(藤蔓需要三到四年才能成熟)”及下文“Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin content (the compound that gives vanilla its flavor).(9个月后，青豆必须在完全成熟时手工采摘，以优化它们的香草素含量（香草的味道来自于这种化合物）”可知，此处是描述香草种植的艰难之处，E项“这种花一年只开放一天，所以授粉完全靠手工完成”符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government.(马达加斯加香草的价格曾经由政府确定)”可知，马达加斯加的香草的价格曾经由政府确定，下文“Madagascar’s government was eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime (体制).(马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度)”提到马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度，所以空处应是提及其他可以购买香草的地方，F项“但由于对香草的价格要求太高，20世纪80年代，买家将注意力转向了其他可以买到更便宜、质量较差的香草的地方，尤其是印度尼西亚”符合语境。故选F。 【49题详解】 根据上文“In 2015, Nestlé announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hershey’s followed suit.(2015年，Nestlé宣布计划在五年内只使用天然原料，Hershey’s也紧随其后)”可知，制造商再次关注香草，因此空处应是提及香草的需求量增大，B项“因此，需求激增，价格也随之飙升——部分原因是自然供应不足”符合语境，故选B。 【50题详解】 上文“Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory(囤货) and speculate(做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high.(极端的天气，脆弱的农作物安全，以及囤积库存并投机价格进一步上涨的出口商也使得价格居高不下)”提到一系列原因使得香草价格居高不下，下文“To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties (处罚).(为了防止现在价值颇高的作物被盗，农民们开始提前收割咖啡豆，从而降低了作物的整体质量。这迫使政府在执行处罚方面付出更大努力)”描述了价格上涨导致的问题，D项“这种上涨并非没有挑战”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is an “expedition” better than a holiday? Expeditions used to be the preserve of professionals: scientists, academics and explorers setting off for parts unknown with the goal of furthering the field of human knowledge. An emerging industry of expedition tourism, however, is laying open the thrill of discovery to the general public. Tours are increasingly being accompanied by experts in their respective fields, who lead visits to conservation areas, historical sites, or scientific institutions, offering in-depth explanations of what guests are experiencing. There’s one key factor that’s driving people’s desire to travel: the spirit of scientific research. Kevin Currie, director of New Scientist Discovery Tours (NSDT), added that people no longer just want to sit on a beach and that there is now a greater desire for self-fulfillment. He explained his company had launched in June 2019, during a time when experiential tours were growing at twice the rate of normal tourism, and that this trend had resumed after the pandemic. Many of the new breed of expedition tours extend the scope of the trip beyond mere tourism. Yet all of them raise the question: how valuable can a tourist truly be to scientific research? Currie is doubtful about the usefulness of citizen science activities being offered as part of an expedition tour, stating scientific research is a serious endeavor and should not be treated causally. Other experts have expressed concerns that some expedition tours may be causing more damage to the environment than they are able to help resolve. Some experts, however, are optimistic about the citizen science tourism. When done right, this tourism can not only gather useful data, but can empower participants to take further action, which positively impacts conservation going forward. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Expedition tourism, which is led by experts, offers the public an engaging alternative to traditional holidays. Some have expressed concerns about the potential contribution of tourist-led research and worry about environmental impacts. Some says that scientific research is a serious issue that should not be treated lightly. Others see value in inspiring participants to support conservation efforts and data collection. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了探险旅游作为传统度假的一种替代品。探险旅游让公众能够在专家的带领下体验科学研究、历史和保护工作。尽管有人质疑游客研究的贡献和潜在的环境影响，但也有专家认为这种旅游可激励参与者支持保护，并为数据收集做出贡献。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①An emerging industry of expedition tourism, however, is laying open the thrill of discovery to the general public. Tours are increasingly being accompanied by experts in their respective fields, who lead visits to conservation areas, historical sites, or scientific institutions, offering in-depth explanations of what guests are experiencing. ②Currie is doubtful about the usefulness of citizen science activities being offered as part of an expedition tour, stating scientific research is a serious endeavor and should not be treated causally. Other experts have expressed concerns that some expedition tours may be causing more damage to the environment than they are able to help resolve. ③Other experts have expressed concerns that some expedition tours may be causing more damage to the environment than they are able to help resolve. ④Some experts, however, are optimistic about the citizen science tourism. When done right, this tourism can not only gather useful data, but can empower participants to take further action, which positively impacts conservation going forward.. 2.缜密构思 将1、2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Expedition tourism, which is led by experts, offers the public an engaging alternative to traditional holidays, focusing on conservation, history, and science. Some have expressed concerns about the potential contribution of tourist-led research and worry about environmental impacts. Some says that scientific research is a serious that should not be treated lightly. Others see value in inspiring participants to support conservation efforts and data collection. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Expedition tourism, which is led by experts, offers the public an engaging alternative to traditional holidays.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2]Some says that scientific research is a serious issue that should not be treated lightly.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春日纵是温柔，桃花仍自枝头飘落。（as）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gentle as spring is, peach blossoms still fall from the branches. 【解析】 【详解】“春日”表达为名词spring，作主语；“温柔”表达为形容词gentle，作表语；“纵是”表示让步关系，结合提示词as可知，此处考查“形容词+as+主语+系动词”的倒装结构，表示“尽管……”，故“春日纵是温柔”表达为Gentle as spring is，将表语gentle提前构成倒装；“桃花”表达为名词短语peach blossoms，作主语；“仍”表达为副词still，作状语；“自枝头飘落”表达为动词短语fall from the branches，作谓语，陈述客观现象，用一般现在时。 53. 志愿者们为地震灾区筹集了大量物资，这极大地鼓舞了灾区民众。（which）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The volunteers raised a large number of supplies for the earthquake-stricken areas, which greatly encouraged the people in the disaster-stricken areas. 【解析】 【详解】本句话描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态。主语为“志愿者们”，翻译为The volunteers，“筹集”可用动词raise，“大量物资”翻译为a large number of supplies，“志愿者们为地震灾区筹集了大量物资”可翻译为The volunteers raised a large number of supplies for the earthquake-stricken areas，其中raise用过去式raised。“这极大地鼓舞了灾区民众”可用非限制性定语从句表达，先行词为前面整个句子，关系词用which，“极大地鼓舞”可翻译为greatly encouraged，encouraged为过去式，“灾区民众”可翻译为the people in the disaster-stricken areas。 54. 规则旨在帮助团队有序合作，那些无视规则、只顾及私利的人终将付出代价。（intend）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Rules are intended to help teams cooperate in an orderly manner, and those who ignore the rules and only care about their own interests will eventually pay the price. 【解析】 【详解】“规则”表达为名词rules，作主语；“旨在”结合提示词intend 可知，用be intended to表示，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故“规则旨在”表达为Rules are intended to；“帮助团队有序合作”表达为动词短语help teams cooperate in an orderly manner，作目的状语；“那些……的人”表达为those who...，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词those；“无视规则”表达为动词短语ignore the rules，作定语从句的谓语；“只顾及私利”表达为动词短语only care about their own interests，与“无视规则”并列，用and连接，ignore和care about共同作定语从句的谓语；“终将付出代价”表达为动词短语will eventually pay the price，作第二个分句的谓语，结合“终将”可知用一般将来时。 55. 随着人工智能技术飞速迭代，各类企业必须持续更新理念与技能，才能在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。（update）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the rapid iteration of AI technology, various enterprises must continuously update their concepts and skills in order to stay ahead in the fierce competition. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述客观现实与必要要求，全句使用一般现在时；表示“随着人工智能技术飞速迭代”用with引导的伴随结构作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；“飞速的”为rapid作定语，“迭代”为iteration，“人工智能技术”为AI technology，整体译为with the rapid iteration of AI technology；表示“各类企业”为various enterprises作句子主语；表示“必须”为情态动词must，后接动词原形；“更新”为提示词update，作谓语；“持续地”为continuously作状语修饰update；“理念与技能”为their concepts and skills作update的宾语；表示“才能、为了”用in order to后接目的状语；“立于不败之地”意译为stay ahead；“在激烈的竞争中”为in the fierce competition作地点状语。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语试卷（A） （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） Ⅰ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What to Say to A Rude Person Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself ___1___ (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, ___2___ would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers. When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he ___3___ (have) enough of the woman’s rudeness. But the press was now waiting for her on the platform. And when they gleefully showed her the lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude. Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, ___4___ (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this? Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely ___5___ we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, ___6___ (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way ___7___ (end) a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time. The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger ___8___ drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (“I rubbed fries on their wind — shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”). Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman’s behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. We must instead combat rudeness head on. ___9___ we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, and handle it ____10____ trace of aggression and rudeness. Once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. assume B. attained C. correspondingly D. demonstrations E. severely F. exposed G. justifications H. packed I. practice J. substantial K. vehicle Could you learn physics in foreign languages? Learning both a language and a subject like physics simultaneously might seem overwhelming, but that’s the idea behind CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), a methodology gaining popularity since its introduction in Europe in the 1990s. One of its main ____11____ was efficiency: if languages could be picked up through exposure in other subject lessons, pressure on ____12____ timetables would be reduced. Of course, CLIL brings many challenges for teachers who are required to make ____13____ adjustments to the way they teach. For language teachers, there is a near-complete reversal of what they are accustomed to: while in a traditional language course, texts are constructed primarily as a ____14____ for the language points they want to teach, in CLIL the language emerges somewhat randomly from the subject content. Conversely, subject teachers can no longer talk about their subjects to their students and ____15____ they will understand everything. They will almost certainly need to adapt by relying less on language and more on ____16____ or experiments to convey information. There is also a good deal of fear to overcome. Subject teachers may have ____17____ only low levels of language skills and therefore lack confidence in teaching in a foreign language, while a language teacher’s initial reaction to the idea of teaching maths will often be one of horror! Solutions to these problems will vary according to the setting in which teachers work. Good CLIL teaching materials are increasingly available, while many schools ____18____ a cooperative approach, with language and subject teachers negotiating both the balance between language and content, and the ways in which their different teaching styles can be brought together in a successful lesson. Does CLIL work? Research suggests it does. Like the elite Roman children who were educated in Greek, students ____19____ to CLIL often achieve good results, even in mixed-ability classes. It could be that the concentration required to understand the language means that the subject information is _____20_____ well absorbed. Ⅱ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with word or phrase that best fits the context. All that chatter on social media may be more valuable than we think, say researchers who are ____21____ the postings for clues about how to best control infectious disease. According to the researchers, who reported their findings in the journal Science, applying mathematical models to what people are talking about on Facebook and Twitter could help scientists to better understand how contagious (感染的) diseases spread, and how people react to ____22____. “Social media and other data sources can be used for ____23____ into how people will react when faced with a new disease control measure or the threat of infectious disease,” study author Chris Bauch, a professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Waterloo, said in a statement. “We can create ____24____ from this data that allows researchers to observe how social contagion networks ____25____ better-known biological contagion networks.” What people ____26____ on social media can sometimes predict the spread of ideas about diseases like the flu, for example, or beliefs about vaccinations. The researchers looked at the social media reactions to ____27____ like childhood immunizations and public health messages related to infections like influenza. “If highly ____28____ people in the social network (such as celebrities) suggest that the vaccine carries risks, the resulting understanding of vaccine risks can spread quickly through the social network, ____29____ a vaccine scare and a (n) ____30____ in vaccine coverage,” they write.____31____, such social connectivity can also help to ____32____ biological contagion through ____33____ or culturally promoted behaviors, like covering your mouth when you cough. Bauch and his co-author Alison Galvani from Yale University argue that social media should get more attention as a means of judging how people will respond to disease control measures. Collecting data from social networks could be used to understand behavior, and predict how a population may ____34____ to control measures, which is valuable for public health workers. The researchers are continuing to study how social media can ____35____ together both social contagion and biological contagion networks to better predict how diseases spread — and how to stop them. 21. A. underlying B. mining C. burying D. drawing 22. A. outcomes B. outlets C. outbreaks D. outlooks 23. A. insight B. implication C. investigation D. application 24. A. charts B. models C. methods D. wonders 25. A. couple with B. interfere with C. mix with D. interact with 26. A. update B. act C. share D. comment 27. A. issues B. examples C. tips D. trends 28. A. acknowledged B. connected C. respected D. scolded 29. A. fueling B. accumulating C. removing D. stimulating 30. A. increase B. urge C. recovery D. drop 31. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Virtually D. Accordingly 32. A. spread B. prevent C. accelerate D. affect 33. A. imitated B. intended C. motivated D. inherited 34. A. agree B. adapt C. appeal D. respond 35. A. employ B. analyze C. relate D. tie Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Family stories are amazing to me. You hear of family members long ago and by hearing about their stories, you can find timeless wisdom that can apply to your own life. I’ll never forget the story my mom told me about Grandma. Grandma cooked for a crew of 24 farmhands so most of her days were taken up cooking breakfast, lunch, and dinner for a bunch of loud complaining men coming in from hunting or farming. She took care of five children as well so her house was a busy little place, but where you would find Grandma the most would be in front of her stove, stirring (搅拌) a pot of something. The kids would run in and she’d give them a hug and then she’d go back to stirring. The men would come in and clean up all the biscuits and bacon and then she’d start on the next meal, once again standing and stirring at the stove. They’d tell her how wonderful her food was and then pour out their troubles to her as she listened and stirred. One time Ruth watched as the farmhands ate quickly and went back out to work, hearing all of them grumbling about their lives. Then one by one the children came in to tell Grandma their own worries. She would smile, give them some kind of advice, and keep stirring. Ruth watched sitting at the table and when everyone left she said, “Mother, how can you just sit there and stir? Everyone tells you how bad their life is and you just smile and stir? Why don’t you just tell them that you’ve had enough and you can’t take anymore? Do something… Stop stirring!” Grandma looked up at Ruth and smiled… and kept stirring. “Ruth, don’t you know that the stirring is very important? You see, when I’m stirring I’m putting all my thoughts and dreams into that pot. As everyone comes in and tells me about their life I put the love and positive thoughts into my pot and stir. Then when they eat it they have been given a pot full of hope. If we have any kind of problems I envision (想象) a solution and put it in my pot and stir. My stirring is what keeps me focused on what is good in the world. So instead of worrying about all that is around me I keep stirring knowing that all is well.” 36. From the passage we know ________. A. women’s position was very low in those days B. lots of people lived in the author’s family C. the author’s grandma lived a very busy life D. women could not find jobs outside at that time 37. The underlined phrase “grumbling about” in the passage means “________”. A. talking about B. complaining about C. showing off D. commenting on 38. Why did Ruth ask her mother those questions? A. She believed her mother was so great and helpful. B. She thought her mother treated the workers badly. C. She thought it was unfair for her mother to do so much work. D. She complained her mother was doing nothing but stir. 39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Grandma always put her tiredness and troubles into the pot. B. Grandma was always worried about people’s troubles and problems. C. Grandma was unconcerned with other people’s complaint and troubles. D. Grandma was always keeping a positive attitude to anything good or bad. (B) The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed. For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER) Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan. Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work. Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent. Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof. Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up. Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year. Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. 40. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________. A. make rooms quieter B. control room temperature C. turn off the air conditioner D. reduce room air pollution 41. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________. A. planting leafy trees around your home B. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs 42. According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______. A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans B. sharing cars with others on workdays C. turning off everything not in use D. reducing 10% of your car trips every year (C) Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 43. “Untaught mind” in the first paragraph refers to __________. A. an individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident B. a person who has had no education C. a citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity D. a person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation 44. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The intelligence they possess. C. The way they deal with problems. D. The variety of ideas they have. 45. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________. A. devoted to the progress of science B. diligent in pursuing their goals C. concerned about the advance of society D. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things 46. The most suitable title for this passage might be ________. A. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals B. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence C. Discoveries and Innovation D. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Bitter Truth Behind Vanilla Vanilla is one of the world’s most popular spices and an important ingredient in products ranging from chocolate to perfume. However, the wholesale price of vanilla has reached up to $600 per kilogram, when just a few years ago it fetched a tenth of that. What is happening? Madagascar supplies more than 80 percent of the world’s natural vanilla. In the 19th century, the French introduced Bourbon vanilla to their African island colony. Today, vanilla represents 20 percent of Madagascan exports, worth around $600 million at current prices. However, it is a difficult crop to grow. A vine takes three to four years to mature. ____47____ Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin content (the compound that gives vanilla its flavor). Months of blanching(焯水), sweathing(焖煮) and gradual drying in the sun are then necessary to produce the aromatic(芳香的) spice. Six hundred hand-pollinated blossoms yield about six kilos of green beans, which convert to one kilo of dried beans. The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government. ____48____ Madagascar’s government was eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime(体制). Food giants such as Unilever and Nestlé also increased their use of synthetic vanillin, which can be produced from reliable sources, adding to the pressure. For 30 years, Madagascar’s vanilla farmers earned just a pittance, and many ended up leaving the business. But even with fewer producers, the price of natural vanilla stayed low. It was not until public tastes started shifting towards all things natural that farmers’ fortunes revived. From around 2011, some manufacturers began focusing once more on natural vanilla. In 2015, Nestlé announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hershey’s followed suit. ____49____ Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory(囤货) and speculate (做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high. ____50____ To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties(处罚). If it manages this, Madagascar could yet savor the benefits of its near monopoly(垄断). A. It’s expensive because it’s both labor-intensive and time-consuming to grow. B. Demand has therefore surged, and with it prices - in part because natural supplies are insufficient. C. If pollination (授粉) is successful, it will take another eight to nine months until the plant matures. D. This rise has not been without its challenges. E. The flowers open for just one day a year, so pollination is done completely by hand. F. But such were the prices it demanded for vanilla that in the 1980s buyers turned their attention to the cheaper, poor-quality version available elsewhere, in particular Indonesia. Ⅲ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is an “expedition” better than a holiday? Expeditions used to be the preserve of professionals: scientists, academics and explorers setting off for parts unknown with the goal of furthering the field of human knowledge. An emerging industry of expedition tourism, however, is laying open the thrill of discovery to the general public. Tours are increasingly being accompanied by experts in their respective fields, who lead visits to conservation areas, historical sites, or scientific institutions, offering in-depth explanations of what guests are experiencing. There’s one key factor that’s driving people’s desire to travel: the spirit of scientific research. Kevin Currie, director of New Scientist Discovery Tours (NSDT), added that people no longer just want to sit on a beach and that there is now a greater desire for self-fulfillment. He explained his company had launched in June 2019, during a time when experiential tours were growing at twice the rate of normal tourism, and that this trend had resumed after the pandemic. Many of the new breed of expedition tours extend the scope of the trip beyond mere tourism. Yet all of them raise the question: how valuable can a tourist truly be to scientific research? Currie is doubtful about the usefulness of citizen science activities being offered as part of an expedition tour, stating scientific research is a serious endeavor and should not be treated causally. Other experts have expressed concerns that some expedition tours may be causing more damage to the environment than they are able to help resolve. Some experts, however, are optimistic about the citizen science tourism. When done right, this tourism can not only gather useful data, but can empower participants to take further action, which positively impacts conservation going forward. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春日纵是温柔，桃花仍自枝头飘落。（as）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 志愿者们为地震灾区筹集了大量物资，这极大地鼓舞了灾区民众。（which）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 规则旨在帮助团队有序合作，那些无视规则、只顾及私利的人终将付出代价。（intend）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 随着人工智能技术飞速迭代，各类企业必须持续更新理念与技能，才能在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。（update）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $