内容正文:
译林版英语小升初专项练习(可数名词单数和复数)
核心考点——可数名词单数和复数的辨析、变化规则及运用
一、可数名词单数和复数 核心语法用法梳理
(一)基础定义(贴合译林版教材表述)
1.可数名词:表示可以用数目来计算的人、事物或地点,有明确的单数和复数形式,译林版小学阶段重点考查日常物品、人物、校园、家庭等场景的可数名词(如book, student, desk等)。
2.单数形式:表示“一个”人或事物,前面可加不定冠词a/an(a用于辅音音素开头,an用于元音音素开头),如a pen(一支钢笔)、an apple(一个苹果)(译林版3年级重点)。
3.复数形式:表示“两个或两个以上”人或事物,是小升初核心考查点,重点掌握变化规则及用法,如two pens(两支钢笔)、three books(三本书)(译林版4-6年级重点)。
(二)可数名词复数变化规则
1.规则变化(占小学阶段可数名词的80%,必须掌握)
①一般情况:直接在名词末尾加 -s(最基础,译林版3年级入门知识点)
例句:book → books(书)、pen → pens(钢笔)、desk → desks(课桌)、dog → dogs(狗);
② 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词:加 -es(译林版4年级重点)
例句:bus → buses(公共汽车)、box → boxes(盒子)、watch → watches(手表)、brush → brushes(刷子);
③ 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的名词:先变 y 为 i,再加 -es(易错点,译林版4年级重点)
例句:family → families(家庭)、baby → babies(婴儿)、story → stories(故事);
注意:以“元音字母 + y”结尾的名词,直接加 -s,如boy → boys(男孩)、toy → toys(玩具);
④ 以 o 结尾的名词:多数加 -s,少数加 -es(译林版5年级重点,重点记忆特殊例词)
加 -s(无生命居多):photo → photos(照片)、zoo → zoos(动物园)、piano → pianos(钢琴);
加 -es(有生命居多,课本重点):potato → potatoes(土豆)、tomato → tomatoes(西红柿)、mango → mangoes(芒果);
⑤ 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词:多数变 f/fe 为 v,再加 -es(易错点,译林版6年级重点)
例句:knife → knives(小刀)、leaf → leaves(树叶)、
wolf → wolves(狼);
特殊情况(直接加 -s):roof → roofs(屋顶)、stomach → stomachs(胃)(小升初易错拓展)。
2. 不规则变化(无固定规则,必须牢记)
① 单复数同形(数量不变,直接使用)
例句:sheep → sheep(绵羊)、fish → fish(鱼,表条数)、deer → deer(鹿);
补充:fish 表“鱼的种类”时,复数为 fishes(译林版拓展考点);
② 完全不规则变化(需逐个记忆,课本核心)
例句:man → men(男人)、woman → women(女人)、child → children(孩子)、tooth → teeth(牙齿)、foot → feet(脚)、mouse → mice(老鼠);
③ 复合名词变复数(小升初拓展,译林版教材隐性考点)
含 man/woman 的复合名词:前后都变复数,如man doctor → men doctors(男医生)、woman nurse → women nurses(女护士);
不含 man/woman 的复合名词:只变后面的名词,如boy student → boy students(男学生)、apple tree → apple trees(苹果树)。
(三)可数名词单数和复数的用法
1.单数用法:前面可加 a/an 或定冠词 the,后面的动词用单数形式(如is/does)
例句:A book is on the desk.(一本书在课桌上。)、
This is a new pen.(这是一支新钢笔。);
2. 复数用法:前面可加数词(two, three...)、some(一些)、many(许多)等,后面的动词用复数形式(如are/do)
例句:There are three books on the desk.(课桌上有三本书。)、
Some students are playing football.(一些学生在踢足球。);
3. 易错用法提醒(贴合小升初易错题型)
① 可数名词单数不能单独使用,前面必须加 a/an、the 或形容词性物主代词(my, your等),如“书”不能说 book,要说 a book 或 the book;
② 以 s 结尾的名词不一定是复数,如news(新闻,不可数名词)、maths(数学,不可数名词);
③ 不规则变化的复数名词,不能按规则加 -s/-es(如不能说 childs、mouses);
④ 复合名词变复数,需区分是否含 man/woman,避免只变前面或只变后面。
专项练习(总分100分)
(一)写出下列可数名词的复数形式(每题1分,共15分)
1. book → __________ 2.bus → __________
3.family → __________ 4.potato → __________
5.knife → __________ 6.sheep → __________
7.man → __________ 8.child → __________
9.photo → __________ 10.toy → __________
11.watch → __________ 12.leaf → __________
13. woman → __________ 14.fish → __________(表条数)
15. boy → __________
(二)用所给名词的适当形式填空(每题1分,共15分)
1.There is a __________(pen)on the desk. There are two __________(pen)in the bag.
2.My mother has three __________(baby).They are very cute.
3.I like eating ________(tomato)and _____(potato).They are healthy.
4.There are many __________(student)in our school.
5.Look! Those ________(sheep)are eating grass on the farm.
6.He has two __________(knife).He uses them to cut apples.
7.There are three __________(man doctor)in the hospital.
8.I have some _______(photo)of my family.I like them very much.
9.The __________(child)are playing games in the park.
10.She has five _____(toy).Her favorite is the teddy bear.
11.There are many ________(box)on the shelf.They are full of books.
12.My father has two __________(foot). He can walk fast.
13.There are some __________(woman nurse)in the ward.
14.I see two ________(fish)in the river.They are swimming.
15.The __________(leaf)turn yellow in autumn.
(三)选择题(每题2分,共20分)
( )1.There __________ a book and two __________ on the desk.
A. is; pen B. is; pens C. are; pen D. are; pens
( )2. My sister has three __________.
A. baby B. babys C. babies D. babyes
( )3. —How many __________ are there in your family?
—There are four.
A. people B. child C. student D. woman
( )4. I like eating __________. They are delicious.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoe
( )5. Look! The __________ are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. child D. student
( )6. There are two __________ in the hospital.
A. man doctor B. men doctor C. man doctors D. men doctors
( )7. —What’s in the box? —There are some __________.
A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watchies
( )8. The __________ of the tree are green in spring.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leafes
( )9. There __________ some __________ in the river.
A. is; fish B. are; fish C. is; fishes D. are; fishes
( )10. —How many __________ do you have? —I have one.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knifees
(四)选词填空(每题1分,共20分)
1.There is a __________(book / books)on the desk. There are two __________(book / books)in the bag.
2.My brother has three __________(toy / toys). His favorite is the toy car.
3.I eat two __________(tomato / tomatoes)every day. They are good for health.
4.There are many __________(student / students)in our class. We are good friends.
5.Look! Those __________(sheep / sheeps)are very cute. They are white.
6.She has a ______(child / children).He is five years old.
7.There are three __________(man / men)in the room. They are my uncles.
8.I have some _____(photo / photos).They are from my trip.
9.The _______(box / boxes)are on the shelf.They are red.
10.He has two __________(knife / knives).He uses them to cut bread.
11.There are some __________(woman / women)in the park. They are dancing.
12.My mother buys some ______(potato / potatoes).She will cook them for dinner.
13.The _________(leaf / leaves)are falling down.It’s autumn.
14.There is a __________(bus / buses)on the road. It’s going to the station.
15.I see two ________(fish / fishes)in the pool.They are swimming fast.
16.There are four __________(boy / boys)in the classroom. They are reading books.
17.She has a _______(family / families).Her family is big.
18.There are two __________(woman nurse / women nurses)in the hospital.
19.I have a __________(pen / pens).It’s blue.
20.The __________(child / children)are singing songs. They are happy.
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
1. There is a pen on the desk.(改为复数句)
There __________ some __________ on the desk.
2. My sister has a toy.(改为复数句)
My sister has some __________.
3. There are three books in the bag.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ books are there in the bag?
4. The child is playing games.(改为复数句)
The __________ __________ playing games.
5. He has a knife.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
—__________ he __________ a knife?
—No, he __________.
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
Hello, everyone! My name is Tom. I’m a Grade Six student. There are three ______(1)in my family: my father, my mother and me. My father is a doctor. There are many ____(2)in the hospital where he works.
On weekends, we often go to the farm. There are many _____(3)on the farm, like cows, chickens and ______(4). The __________(5)are white and cute. We often feed them grass. I like the farm very much. It’s very interesting.
( )1. A. people B. person C. child D. student
( )2. A. doctor B. doctors C. man doctor D. men doctor
( )3. A. animal B. animals C. sheep D. fish
( )4. A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheepy
( )5. A. sheep B. sheeps C. child D. student
参考答案及解析
(一)写出下列可数名词的复数形式(每题1分,共15分)
1.books 解析:一般情况,直接加 -s,book是译林版3年级核心词汇。
2.buses 解析:以 s 结尾的名词,加 -es,bus是译林版4年级重点词汇。
3.families 解析:以“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -es,family是译林版4年级重点词汇。
4.potatoes 解析:以 o 结尾(有生命),加 -es,potato是译林版5年级重点词汇。
5.knives 解析:以 fe 结尾,变 fe 为 v 加 -es,knife是译林版6年级重点词汇。
6.sheep 解析:单复数同形,sheep是译林版5年级高频词汇,表“绵羊”。
7.men 解析:不规则变化,man → men,是译林版5年级重点不规则名词。
8.children 解析:不规则变化,child → children,是译林版4年级重点不规则名词。
9.photos 解析:以 o 结尾(无生命),直接加 -s,photo是译林版5年级拓展词汇。
10.toys 解析:以“元音字母 + y”结尾,直接加 -s,toy是译林版3年级核心词汇。
11.watches 解析:以 ch 结尾,加 -es,watch是译林版4年级重点词汇。
12. leaves 解析:以 f 结尾,变 f 为 v 加 -es,leaf是译林版6年级拓展词汇。
13. women 解析:不规则变化,woman → women,是译林版5年级重点不规则名词。
14. fish 解析:单复数同形,fish表“鱼的条数”时,复数仍为fish,是译林版5年级重点词汇。
15. boys 解析:以“元音字母 + y”结尾,直接加 -s,boy是译林版3年级核心词汇。
(二)用所给名词的适当形式填空(每题1分,共15分)
1. pen; pens 解析:第一空前面有a,用单数pen;第二空前面有two,用复数pens,贴合译林版基础单复数用法。
2. babies 解析:前面有three,用复数,baby以“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变y为i加es,即babies。
3. tomatoes; potatoes 解析:tomato和potato均为以o结尾的有生命名词,复数加es,贴合译林版5年级考点。
4. students 解析:前面有many,用复数,student一般变化,直接加s。
5. sheep 解析:前面有those,用复数,sheep单复数同形,直接用sheep。
6. knives 解析:前面有two,用复数,knife以fe结尾,变fe为v加es,即knives。
7. men doctors 解析:复合名词含man,前后都变复数,man→men,doctor→doctors,即men doctors。
8. photos 解析:前面有some,用复数,photo以o结尾(无生命),直接加s。
9. children 解析:后面的动词是are,主语用复数,child的复数是children,不规则变化。
10. toys 解析:前面有five,用复数,toy以“元音字母 + y”结尾,直接加s。
11. boxes 解析:前面有many,用复数,box以x结尾,加es,即boxes。
12. feet 解析:前面有two,用复数,foot的复数是feet,不规则变化。
13. women nurses 解析:复合名词含woman,前后都变复数,woman→women,nurse→nurses,即women nurses。
14. fish 解析:前面有two,用复数,fish表“条数”,单复数同形,直接用fish。
15. leaves 解析:后面的动词是turn,主语用复数,leaf的复数是leaves,以f结尾变v加es。
(三)选择题(每题2分,共20分)
1. B 解析:there be句型遵循“就近原则”,靠近be动词的a book是单数,be动词用is;two后面接复数pens,贴合译林版there be句型考点。
2. C 解析:前面有three,用复数,baby以“辅音字母 + y”结尾,变y为i加es,即babies,易错点:不能直接加s(babyes错误)。
3. A 解析:how many后面接复数名词,people是复数(单复数同形),child、student、woman均为单数,不符合题意,贴合译林版how many提问数量的用法。
4. C 解析:tomato是可数名词,此处表泛指,用复数,tomato以o结尾(有生命),加es,即tomatoes,易错点:tomatos错误。
5. B 解析:后面的动词是are,主语用复数,boy的复数是boys,child、student均为单数,不符合题意。
6. D 解析:前面有two,用复数,复合名词含man,前后都变复数,man→men,doctor→doctors,即men doctors,贴合复合名词变复数考点。
7. B 解析:前面有some,用复数,watch以ch结尾,加es,即watches,易错点:watchs、watchies错误。
8. C 解析:后面的动词是are,主语用复数,leaf以f结尾,变f为v加es,即leaves,易错点:leafs、leafes错误。
9. B 解析:there be句型中,some后面接复数名词,fish表“条数”时单复数同形,be动词用are;fishes表“鱼的种类”,此处语境是“河里有一些鱼”,用fish,贴合语境。
10. C 解析:how many后面接复数名词,knife以fe结尾,变fe为v加es,即knives,易错点:knifes、knifees错误。
(四)选词填空(每题1分,共20分)
1. book; books 解析:第一空有a,用单数book;第二空有two,用复数books。
2. toys 解析:有three,用复数toys,“元音字母 + y”结尾直接加s。
3. tomatoes 解析:有two,用复数tomatoes,以o结尾(有生命)加es。
4.students 解析:有many,用复数students,直接加s。
5.sheep 解析:有those,用复数,sheep单复数同形,直接用sheep。
6.child 解析:有a,用单数child,children是复数,不符合题意。
7.men 解析:有three,用复数,man的复数是men,不规则变化。
8.photos 解析:有some,用复数photos,以o结尾(无生命)直接加s。
9.boxes 解析:有are,主语用复数boxes,以x结尾加es。
10.knives 解析:有two,用复数knives,以fe结尾变v加es。
11.women 解析:有some,用复数,woman的复数是women,不规则变化。
12. potatoes 解析:有some,用复数potatoes,以o结尾(有生命)加es。
13.leaves 解析:有are,主语用复数leaves,以f结尾变v加es。
14.bus 解析:有a,用单数bus,buses是复数,不符合题意。
15.fish 解析:有two,用复数,表“条数”,fish单复数同形。
16. boys 解析:有four,用复数boys,“元音字母 + y”结尾直接加s。
17. family 解析:有a,用单数family,families是复数,不符合题意。
18. women nurses 解析:有two,用复数,复合名词含woman,前后都变复数。
19. pen 解析:有a,用单数pen,pens是复数,不符合题意。
20. children 解析:有are,主语用复数,child的复数是children。
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
1. are; pens 解析:单数句变复数句,is变are,a pen变some pens,贴合译林版单复数转换句型。
2. toys 解析:单数toy变复数,toy以“元音字母 + y”结尾,直接加s,即toys。
3.How many 解析:对数量“three(三)”提问,用how many,后面接可数名词复数books,贴合译林版特殊疑问句考点。
4.children; are 解析:单数child变复数children,is变are,贴合单复数转换及be动词用法。
5.Does; have; doesn’t 解析:原句是一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,改为一般疑问句用助动词does,后面接动词原形have;否定回答用“No, he doesn’t.”,贴合教材一般疑问句考点。
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
1. A 解析:根据后文“my father, my mother and me”可知,家里有3个人,people是复数(单复数同形),person、child、student均为单数,不符合题意。
2. B 解析:前面有many,用复数,doctor的复数是doctors,man doctor、men doctor均为错误形式(复合名词复数需前后都变)。
3. B 解析:前面有many,用复数,animal的复数是animals;sheep、fish均为单复数同形,但结合后文“cows, chickens”,此处指“多种动物”,用animals更贴合语境。
4. A 解析:sheep单复数同形,sheeps、sheepes、sheepy均为错误形式,贴合单复数同形考点。
5. A 解析:后面的动词是are,主语用复数,sheep单复数同形,符合语境;sheeps错误,child、student均为单数,不符合题意。
总结:本题型全面覆盖可数名词单数和复数的核心考点,重点突破“变化规则、单复数辨析、易错点”,所有题目均贴合译林版教材场景(校园、家庭、农场、日常物品等),适配小升初升学难度。建议结合语法梳理和解析,重点记忆不规则变化和易错规则(如以y、o、f/fe结尾的变化),多练习易错题型,夯实基础,避免在考试中因单复数错误失分。
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