内容正文:
译林版英语小升初专项练习(基数词与序数词)
一、基数词与序数词 核心语法用法梳理
(一)基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
1.定义:表示“数量多少”的数词,译林版教材重点考查1-100及常见大数(hundred),是日常计数、表达数量的基础。
2.核心用法(贴合教材场景):
① 1-10(基础,必须掌握):one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten(教材1-3年级重点);
② 11-19(特殊变化,易错点):eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen(除eleven, twelve为特殊形式,其余在个位基数词后加-teen);
③ 20-99(整十+几十几):整十数(twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety,除twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty为特殊形式,其余在个位基数词后加-ty);几十几需在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”,如twenty-one(21)、seventy-six(76)(译林版4-6年级重点);
④ 100及以上(小升初拓展,教材高频):one hundred(100),two hundred(200),hundred后不加s;表示“几百几十几”,中间加and(英式表达,教材拓展),如one hundred and twenty-three(123);hundreds of(成百上千的,固定搭配);
⑤ 常见用法:表示年龄(I’m twelve years old.)、
数量(There are thirty students in our class.)、
价格(It’s fifty yuan.)、时间(It’s seven o’clock.)。
(二)序数词(Ordinal Numbers)
1.定义:表示“顺序、次序”的数词,译林版教材重点考查1-31(日期、名次、楼层等场景),小升初核心考点为“基数词变序数词”及用法。
2.核心用法(贴合教材场景):
① 基数词变序数词口诀(适配译林版教材,好记不混淆):
一、二、三,单独记(first, second, third);
八去t,九去e(eighth, ninth);
ve要用f替(twelve→twelfth);
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie(twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth);
要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序(twenty-one→twenty-first, thirty-three→thirty-third);
序数词后常加th,特殊变化要牢记。
② 缩写形式(教材高频):first→1st, second→2nd, third→3rd, fourth→4th, fifth→5th,其余序数词缩写均为“基数词+th”(如sixth→6th, twentieth→20th);
③ 常见用法:表示日期(on the eleventh of May 五月十一日)、名次(He is the first.)、楼层(the third floor 三楼)、顺序(the second lesson 第二课)(均为译林版教材Unit 8 Birthdays等单元重点场景);
④ 注意:序数词前通常加定冠词the,若前面有形容词性物主代词(my, your, his等),则不加the(如my first book 我的第一本书)。
(三)小升初易错点提醒
1.易混淆转换:five→fifth(ve变f加th)、eight→eighth(去t加th)、nine→ninth(去e加th)、twelve→twelfth(ve变f加th);
2.几十几变序数词:仅个位变序数词,十位不变(如thirty-five→thirty-fifth);
3.hundred的用法:具体数字+hundred(不加s),hundreds of(成百上千,必须加s);
4.日期表达:译林版教材常用“on the + 序数词 + of + 月份”(如on the eighth of April 四月八日);
5.基数词表年龄:“基数词 + years old”(如four years old 四岁),序数词表“在某人几十多岁时”用“in one’s + 整十基数词复数”(小升初拓展,如in her forties 在她四十多岁时)。
专项练习(总分100分)
(一)基数词与序数词互改(每题1分,共15分)
(覆盖核心转换,聚焦易错点,贴合教材重点词汇)
1. one → ________(序数词) 2.fifth → _________(基数词)
3.two → __________(序数词)4.eighth → ________(基数词)
5.three → ________(序数词)6.ninth → _________(基数词)
7.twelve → _______(序数词)8.twentieth → _____(基数词)
9.twenty-one → __________(序数词)
10.thirty-third → __________(基数词)
11.five → _______(序数词)12.sixteen → _______(序数词)
13.forty → __________(序数词)
14.fifty-second → __________(基数词)
15.eighteen → __________(序数词)
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(基数词/序数词)(每题1分,共15分)
(贴合译林版教材场景,考查用法辨析,兼顾基础与拓展)
1.There are __________(twelve)months in a year. December is the __________(twelve)month.
2.My brother is __________(five)years old. Today is his __________(five)birthday.
3.There are __________(thirty)students in our class. I’m the __________(twenty)one.
4. —How many books do you have?
—I have __________(eight)books. The __________(eight)book is my favorite.
5.My birthday is on the __________(three)of June.
6.He lives on the __________(four)floor of this building.
7.There are __________(one hundred)teachers in our school. __________(hundred)of them are women teachers.
8.She got the ______(one)prize in the English competition.
9.—What time is it? —It’s __________(seven)o’clock.
10.This is my __________(two)time to visit Nanjing.
11.There are __________(seventy-six)students in Grade Six. The __________(seventy-six)student is from Class 3.
12.My father is in his _______(forty).He is a good doctor.
(三)选择题(每题2分,共20分)
(聚焦小升初易错点、考点,选项设置干扰项,贴合译林版教材语境)
( )1.There are __________ days in a week. Monday is the __________ day.
A. seven; first B. seven; second
C. sixth; seven D. seventh; two
( )2.My birthday is on __________ of March.
A. the twelve B. twelve C. the twelfth D. twelfth
( )3. —How old is your sister? —She is ______ years old.
A. fifth B. five C. the fifth D. fives
( )4. There are __________ students in the playground.
A. eighty B. eightieth C. the eighty D. eighties
( )5. He is the __________ student to get to school today.
A. one B. first C. two D. second
( )6. —What’s the date today? —It’s _______ 1st, June.
A. on B. in C. at D. /
( )7. There are _______ books on the desk. The __________ book is mine.
A. three; third B. third; three
C. three; three D. third; third
( )8. There are __________ hundred students in our grade.
A. two B. two hundreds C. hundred D. hundreds
( )9.She will be _____ years old tomorrow.It’s her _____ birthday.
A. twenty; twenty B. twenty; twentieth
C. twentieth; twenty D. twentieth; twentieth
( )10. He lives on the __________ floor.
A. five B. fives C. fifth D. the fifth
(四)选词填空(每题1分,共20分)
(每句提供2个词<基数词/序数词>,聚焦用法辨析,贴合译林版教材句子结构,强化运用能力)
1.We have __________(seven / seventh)classes every day. The __________(seven / seventh)class is PE.
2.My mother is ________(thirty / thirtieth)years old. Her birthday is on the ________(thirty / thirtieth)of October.
3.There are __________(fifteen / fifteenth)boys in our class. He is the __________(fifteen / fifteenth)one.
4.—How many pens do you have?
—I have ________(four / fourth)pens. The ________(four / fourth)one is red.
5.Today is the __________(one / first)of January. It’s New Year’s Day.
6.She gets up at __________(six / sixth)o’clock every morning.
7.There are __________(ninety / ninetieth)days in spring. The __________(ninety / ninetieth)day is April 30th.
8.He is the __________(two / second)to finish his homework. He is very fast.
9.My father works in a factory. There are __________(one hundred / one hundredth)workers there.
10.This is my __________(three / third)time to go to Beijing. I love this city.
11.There are __________(eighteen / eighteenth)girls in Class 2. The __________(eighteen / eighteenth)girl is my best friend.
12.—What’s the time?
—It’s __________(nine / ninth)thirty.
13.The __________(five / fifth)lesson is about animals. It’s very interesting.
14.She bought __________(twelve / twelfth)apples. The __________(twelve / twelfth)apple is big and red.
15.My grandfather is in his ________(seventy / seventies). He is very healthy.
16.There are __________(forty-five / forty-fifth)students in our class.The _______(forty-five / forty-fifth)student is tall.
17.He won the __________(one / first)prize in the singing competition.
18.There are ________(sixty / sixtieth)minutes in an hour.
19.Her birthday is on the _______(eight / eighth)of April.
20.We will have a trip on the _______(twenty / twentieth)of July.
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
(贴合译林版教材句型,考查基数词与序数词的转换及用法,提升综合运用能力)
1.There are six books on the desk.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ books are there on the desk?
2. My birthday is on the fifth of June.(对划线部分提问)
__________ is your birthday?
3. He is ten years old.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ is he?
4. This is my first time to visit Shanghai.(改为否定句)
This __________ my first time to visit Shanghai.
5. She has three pens.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—__________ she __________ three pens?
—Yes, she __________.
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
(贴合译林版教材语境,围绕“生日、校园”等高频场景,综合考查基数词与序数词的运用,适配小升初难度)
Hello, everyone! My name is Lucy. I’m a Grade Six student. There are _____1_____ people in my family: my parents, my brother and me. My brother is _____2_____years old. Today is his _____3_____birthday. We will have a big dinner together.
My birthday is on the _____4_____of May. I will be twelve years old. I want to have a birthday party. There are _____5_____classmates in my class. I will invite all of them to my party. I think we will have a good time.
( )1. A.four B.fourth C.five D.fifth
( )2. A.eight B.eighth C.the eight D.the eighth
( )3. A.eight B.eighth C.eighteen D.eighteenth
( )4. A.twelve B.twelfth C.the twelfth D.the twelve
( )5. A.thirty B.thirtieth C.thirty-one D.thirty-first
参考答案及解析
(一)基数词与序数词互改(每题1分,共15分)
1.first 解析:one(基数词,一)→ first(序数词,第一),特殊变化,贴合教材基础知识点。
2.five 解析:fifth(序数词,第五)→ five(基数词,五),ve变f加th的逆转换。
3.second 解析:two(基数词,二)→ second(序数词,第二),特殊变化。
4.eight 解析:eighth(序数词,第八)→ eight(基数词,八),去t加th的逆转换。
5.third 解析:three(基数词,三)→ third(序数词,第三),特殊变化。
6.nine 解析:ninth(序数词,第九)→ nine(基数词,九),去e加th的逆转换。
7.twelfth 解析:twelve(基数词,十二)→ twelfth(序数词,第十二),ve变f加th。
8. twenty 解析:twentieth(序数词,第二十)→ twenty(基数词,二十),ty变tie加th的逆转换。
9. twenty-first 解析:twenty-one(基数词,二十一)→ twenty-first(序数词,第二十一),两位数变序数词,十位不变,个位变序数词。
10. thirty-three 解析:thirty-third(序数词,第三十三)→ thirty-three(基数词,三十三),逆转换,十位不变,个位变基数词。
11. fifth 解析:five(基数词,五)→ fifth(序数词,第五),ve变f加th。
12. sixteenth 解析:sixteen(基数词,十六)→ sixteenth(序数词,第十六),11-19变序数词,加th。
13. fortieth 解析:forty(基数词,四十)→ fortieth(序数词,第四十),ty变tie加th。
14. fifty-two 解析:fifty-second(序数词,第五十二)→ fifty-two(基数词,五十二),逆转换。
15. eighteenth 解析:eighteen(基数词,十八)→ eighteenth(序数词,第十八),11-19变序数词,加th。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空(每题1分,共15分)
1. twelve; twelfth 解析:第一空表数量“十二个月”,用基数词twelve;第二空表“第十二个月”,用序数词twelfth,贴合译林版“月份”高频场景。
2. five; fifth 解析:第一空表年龄“五岁”,用基数词five;第二空表“第五个生日”,用序数词fifth。
3. thirty; twentieth 解析:第一空表数量“三十名学生”,用基数词thirty;第二空表“第二十个”,用序数词twentieth。
4. eight; eighth 解析:第一空表数量“八本书”,用基数词eight;第二空表“第八本书”,用序数词eighth。
5. third 解析:表日期“六月三日”,用序数词third,前面加the(题干中已有the),贴合译林版日期表达。
6. fourth 解析:表楼层“四楼”,用序数词fourth,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
7. one hundred; Hundreds 解析:第一空“具体数字+hundred”,不加s,用one hundred;第二空“hundreds of”(成百上千),固定搭配,首字母大写。
8. first 解析:表“第一名”,用序数词first,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
9. seven 解析:表时间“七点钟”,用基数词seven。
10. second 解析:表“第二次”,用序数词second,前面有形容词性物主代词my,不加the。
11. seventy-six; seventy-sixth 解析:第一空表数量“七十六名学生”,用基数词seventy-six;第二空表“第七十六名学生”,用序数词seventy-sixth。
12. forties 解析:“in one’s + 整十基数词复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”,forty的复数是forties,小升初拓展考点。
(三)选择题(每题2分,共20分)
1. B 解析:一周有七天(基数词seven),星期一是第二天(序数词second),贴合生活常识和教材场景,易错点:Monday是一周的第二天,不是第一天。
2. C 解析:日期表达“三月十二日”,用“the + 序数词 + of + 月份”,twelve的序数词是twelfth,前面必须加the,译林版Unit 8重点考点。
3. B 解析:表年龄“五岁”,用基数词five,不加the,fifth是序数词,不符合题意。
4. A 解析:表数量“八十名学生”,用基数词eighty,eighth是序数词,the eighty、eighties均用法错误。
5. B 解析:表“第一个到校的学生”,用序数词first,前面加the,one、two是基数词,不符合题意。
6. D 解析:日期前有具体日期(1st, June),前面不加介词,in接月份,at接时刻,on接具体某一天(如on June 1st),此处已有1st, June,无需加介词。
7. A 解析:第一空表数量“三本书”,用基数词three;第二空表“第三本书”,用序数词third,贴合用法辨析。
8. A 解析:“具体数字+hundred”不加s,two hundred(两百),two hundreds、hundred、hundreds均用法错误,贴合hundred的易错点。
9. B 解析:第一空表年龄“二十岁”,用基数词twenty;第二空表“第二十个生日”,用序数词twentieth,贴合用法辨析。
10. C 解析:表楼层“五楼”,用序数词fifth,前面已有定冠词the,无需再加the,five、fives用法错误。
(四)选词填空(每题1分,共20分)
1. seven; seventh 解析:第一空表数量“七节课”,用基数词seven;第二空表“第七节课”,用序数词seventh,贴合校园场景。
2. thirty; thirtieth 解析:第一空表年龄“三十岁”,用基数词thirty;第二空表“十月三十日”,用序数词thirtieth。
3. fifteen; fifteenth 解析:第一空表数量“十五名男孩”,用基数词fifteen;第二空表“第十五名”,用序数词fifteenth。
4. four; fourth 解析:第一空表数量“四支钢笔”,用基数词four;第二空表“第四支钢笔”,用序数词fourth。
5. first 解析:表“一月一日”,用序数词first,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
6. six 解析:表时间“六点钟”,用基数词six。
7. ninety; ninetieth 解析:第一空表数量“九十天”,用基数词ninety;第二空表“第九十天”,用序数词ninetieth。
8. second 解析:表“第二个完成作业的”,用序数词second,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
9. one hundred 解析:“具体数字+hundred”不加s,表“一百名工人”,用one hundred。
10. third 解析:表“第三次去北京”,用序数词third,前面有形容词性物主代词my,不加the。
11. eighteen; eighteenth 解析:第一空表数量“十八名女孩”,用基数词eighteen;第二空表“第十八名女孩”,用序数词eighteenth。
12. nine 解析:表时间“九点半”,用基数词nine。
13. fifth 解析:表“第五节课”,用序数词fifth,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
14. twelve; twelfth 解析:第一空表数量“十二个苹果”,用基数词twelve;第二空表“第十二个苹果”,用序数词twelfth。
15. seventies 解析:“in his seventies”表示“在他七十多岁时”,固定搭配。
16. forty-five; forty-fifth 解析:第一空表数量“四十五名学生”,用基数词forty-five;第二空表“第四十五名学生”,用序数词forty-fifth。
17. first 解析:表“一等奖”,用序数词first,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
18. sixty 解析:表数量“六十分钟”,用基数词sixty。
19. eighth 解析:表“四月八日”,用序数词eighth,前面加the(题干中已有the),译林版Unit 8重点。
20. twentieth 解析:表“七月二十日”,用序数词twentieth,前面加the(题干中已有the)。
(五)句型转换(每题2分,共10分)
1. How many 解析:对数量“six(六)”提问,用how many,后面接可数名词复数books,贴合译林版特殊疑问句考点。
2. When 解析:对日期“the fifth of June(六月五日)”提问,用when(什么时候),贴合教材日期提问句型。
3. How old 解析:对年龄“ten years old(十岁)”提问,用how old(多大),教材基础句型。
is not / isn’t 解析:改为否定句,在be动词is后加not,缩写为isn’t,贴合否定句变法。
5. Does; have; does 解析:原句是一般现在时,主语she是第三人称单数,改为一般疑问句,用助动词does,后面接动词原形have;肯定回答用“Yes, she does.”,贴合教材一般疑问句考点。
(六)完形填空(每题2分,共10分)
1. A 解析:根据后文“my parents, my brother and me”可知,家里有4个人,表数量用基数词four,fourth是序数词,不符合题意。
2. A 解析:表年龄“八岁”,用基数词eight,eighth是序数词,the eight、the eighth用法错误。
3. B 解析:表“第八个生日”,用序数词eighth,eight、eighteen、eighteenth均不符合语境(结合前文年龄,八岁对应第八个生日)。
4. B 解析:表日期“五月十二日”,用序数词twelfth,前面已有the,无需再加the,twelve是基数词,不符合题意。
5. A 解析:表数量“三十名同学”,用基数词thirty,thirtieth、thirty-one、thirty-first均不符合语境(贴合小学班级人数常见场景)。
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