内容正文:
沪外教版 八下 Unit 2 Volunteering.核心考点详解
考点1:volunteer 的用法
volunteer 可作名词,意为“志愿者”;也可作动词,意为“自愿做;义务做”,常见用法:
1. volunteer to do sth. 自愿/主动做某事
1. volunteer for sth. 自愿参加某事
1. volunteer as sth. 自愿担任……
例句:
Many students volunteer to work in the community shelter on weekends. 很多学生周末自愿去社区收容所帮忙。
She volunteered as a helper for the volunteer programme. 她自愿担任这个志愿项目的帮手。
拓展:形容词形式为 voluntary,意为“自愿的;志愿的”,如:voluntary work 志愿工作。
考点2:make a difference 的用法
make a difference 为固定动词短语,意为“有作用;有影响;有关系”,中考完形、写作高频核心短语,常见用法:
1. make a big/great difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某事产生巨大影响
2. make no difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某事没有影响
3. make some difference 有一些作用
例句:
Volunteer work can make a big difference to the lives of homeless people. 志愿工作能对无家可归者的生活产生巨大影响。
The rain made no difference to our volunteer activity. 下雨并没有影响我们的志愿活动。
考点3:raise 与 rise 辨析
单词
词性
核心含义
变形规则
中考例句
raise
及物动词(必须接宾语)
筹集;提升;举起;抚养;饲养
规则变形:raise-raised-raised
We want to raise money for the homeless shelter. 我们想要为无家可归者收容所筹钱。He raised his hand to volunteer for the task. 他举手自愿参加这项任务。
rise
不及物动词(不能直接接宾语)
升起;上升;上涨;起身
不规则变形:rise-rose-risen
The sun rises in the east every morning. 太阳每天从东方升起。The number of volunteers rose a lot this year. 今年志愿者的数量大幅上涨。
考点4:donate 的用法
donate 作动词,意为 “捐赠;赠送”,常见用法:
1. donate sth. to sb./somewhere 向某人 / 某地捐赠某物
2. donate money to sth. 为……捐款
3. donate blood 献血
例句:
Many people donated food and clothes to the community shelter. 很多人给社区收容所捐赠了食物和衣物。
She donated 500 yuan to the programme for homeless children. 她为流浪儿童项目捐了500元。
拓展:名词形式为 donation,意为 “捐赠;捐赠物”,如:make a donation 进行捐赠;collect donations 募集捐款。
考点5:realise 的用法
realise 作动词,意为“实现;意识到;明白”,中考高频多义词,常见用法:
1. realise one's dream/goal 实现某人的梦想/目标
2. realise (that) 从句 意识到……
3. realise the importance of sth. 意识到某事的重要性
例句:
She realised her dream of becoming a volunteer in Africa. 她实现了去非洲做志愿者的梦想。
I suddenly realised that I forgot to sign up for the volunteer programme. 我突然意识到我忘了报名志愿项目。
拓展:名词形式为 realisation,意为“实现;认识”。
考点6:decision 的用法
decision 作名词,意为“(作出的)决定,抉择”,中考词性转换高频考点,常见用法:
1. make a decision (to do sth.) 做出决定(做某事)
2. make one's own decision 自己做决定
3. the decision to do sth. 做某事的决定
例句:
He made a decision to work as a volunteer in the garbage sorting programme. 他决定在垃圾分类项目中做志愿者。
You should think carefully before you make an important decision. 做重要决定前你应该仔细思考。
拓展:动词形式为 decide,意为“决定”,常用结构 decide to do sth. 决定做某事。
考点7:choose 的用法
choose 作动词,意为“选择;挑选;选取”,中考不规则动词高频考点,常见用法:
1. 不规则变形:choose-chose-chosen
2. choose to do sth. 选择做某事
3. choose A from B 从B中选择A
4. choose between A and B 在A和B之间做选择
例句:
Many university students choose to do voluntary work during holidays. 很多大学生选择在假期做志愿工作。
You can choose different courses to learn about volunteer work. 你可以选择不同的课程来学习志愿工作相关知识。
拓展:名词形式为 choice,意为“选择”,常用搭配 make a choice 做选择。
考点8:however 与 but 辨析
单词
词性
核心含义
用法区别
中考例句
however
副词
然而;不过;仍然
可放句首、句中、句末,常用逗号与句子隔开,表转折,语气比but弱
Volunteer work is tiring. However, it is very rewarding. 志愿工作很累,然而却非常有意义。
but
连词
但是;然而
只能放句中,连接两个并列分句,不用逗号隔开(分句较长时可加),表转折,语气更强
The work is hard but it helps a lot of people. 这份工作很难,但帮助了很多人。
考点9:satisfy 词族辨析
单词
词性
核心含义
修饰对象/用法
中考例句
satisfy
动词
使满意;使满足
及物动词,后接人作宾语
Helping others can satisfy you and make you happy. 帮助别人能让你获得满足感,也能让你快乐。
satisfied
形容词
感到满意的;满足的
修饰人,常用搭配 be satisfied with sth./to do sth.
The old people were satisfied with the volunteer's help. 老人们对志愿者的帮助很满意。
satisfying
形容词
令人满意的;使人满足的
修饰事物
It's a satisfying experience to help people in need. 帮助有需要的人是一种令人满足的经历。
satisfaction
名词
满意;满足
不可数名词,常用搭配 with satisfaction 满意地
He smiled with satisfaction when he finished the volunteer work. 完成志愿工作后,他满意地笑了。
考点10:encouragement 的用法
encouragement 作名词,意为“鼓舞;鼓励”,中考词性转换高频考点,常见用法:
1. give sb. encouragement 给某人鼓励
2. with the encouragement of sb. 在某人的鼓励下
3. words of encouragement 鼓励的话
例句:
With the teacher's encouragement, she signed up for the volunteer programme. 在老师的鼓励下,她报名了志愿项目。
The children's smiles are the best encouragement for the volunteers. 孩子们的笑容是对志愿者们最好的鼓励。
拓展:动词形式为 encourage,意为“鼓励;鼓舞”,常用搭配 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。
考点11:rewarding 的用法
rewarding 作形容词,意为“值得做的;有益的;有回报的”,常见用法:
1. a rewarding job/experience 一份有意义的工作/一次有益的经历
2. it is rewarding to do sth. 做某事是很有意义的
例句:
Doing voluntary work for the community is a very rewarding experience. 为社区做志愿工作是一次非常有意义的经历。
It is rewarding to see the changes you make to people's lives. 看到你给人们的生活带来的改变,是非常有价值的。
拓展:动词/名词形式为 reward,意为“奖励;回报;奖赏”,常用搭配 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事奖励某人。
考点12:scared 词族辨析
单词
词性
核心含义
修饰对象/用法
中考例句
scared
形容词
害怕的;担心的
修饰人,常用搭配 be scared of sth./to do sth.
The little boy was scared of staying in the shelter alone. 小男孩害怕独自待在收容所里。
scary
形容词
吓人的;令人害怕的
修饰事物
The dog made a scary noise, and the cat ran away. 狗发出了吓人的叫声,猫跑掉了。
scare
动词
惊吓;使害怕
及物动词,scare sb. 吓到某人
The sudden noise scared the little girl. 突然的声响吓到了小女孩。
考点13:sign up for 相关高频短语辨析
短语
核心含义
中考例句
sign up for
报名(参加课程、项目、活动)
I want to sign up for the community volunteer programme. 我想报名参加社区志愿项目。
take part in
参加(活动、比赛、项目)
Many students take part in garbage sorting activities. 很多学生参加了垃圾分类活动。
join in
参加(小型活动、游戏、讨论)
We all joined in the game with the children in the shelter. 我们都和收容所的孩子们一起玩了游戏。
join
加入(组织、团体、人群)
He joined the volunteer team last year. 他去年加入了志愿者团队。
考点14:basic 的用法
basic 作形容词,意为“必需的;基本需要的;基础的”,常见用法:
1. basic needs 基本需求
2. basic knowledge 基础知识
3. basic skills 基本技能
例句:
The shelter provides food, clothes and other basic needs for homeless people. 收容所为无家可归者提供食物、衣物和其他基本生活物资。
You need to learn some basic skills before you do the volunteer work. 做志愿工作前,你需要学习一些基础技能。
拓展:副词形式为 basically,意为“基本上;大体上”。
考点15:collect 的用法
collect 作动词,意为“收集;募集;采集”,常见用法:
1. collect sth. 收集/募集某物
2. collect money/ donations for sb./sth. 为……募集钱款/捐款
3. collect stamps/garbage 集邮/收集垃圾
例句:
We collected a lot of garbage in the community park last weekend. 上周末我们在社区公园捡了很多垃圾。
The students collected many books for the children in the mountain area. 学生们为山区的孩子们募集了很多书籍。
拓展:名词形式为 collection,意为“收集物;收藏品;募集”;collector n. 收集者;收藏家。
考点16:survival 的用法
survival 作名词,意为“生存;存活;幸存”,常见用法:
1. survival skills 生存技能
2. the survival of sb./sth. 某人/某物的存活
3. fight for survival 为生存而战
例句:
The shelter helps homeless people fight for survival and improve their lives. 这个收容所帮助无家可归者为生存而努力,改善他们的生活。
Basic first aid skills are important for survival in the wild. 基础的急救技能对野外生存很重要。
拓展:动词形式为 survive,意为“存活;幸存;艰难度过”;survivor n. 幸存者;生还者。
考点17:keep company with 的用法
keep company with 为固定短语,意为“陪伴;与……交往”,常见用法:
1. keep company with sb. 陪伴某人;与某人交往
2. keep sb. company 陪伴某人
例句:
Volunteers often keep company with the elderly in the community. 志愿者们经常陪伴社区里的老人。
I stayed at home to keep my grandma company while my parents were out. 父母外出时,我在家陪奶奶。
拓展:相关高频keep短语:keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系;keep on doing sth. 持续做某事。
考点18:community 的用法
community 作名词,意为“社区;社会;群落”,中考校园、生活话题高频词,常见用法:
1. in the community 在社区里
2. community service 社区服务
3. community centre 社区中心
例句:
We often do volunteer work at the community centre on weekends. 我们周末经常在社区中心做志愿工作。
The community has set up a shelter for stray animals. 这个社区为流浪动物建了一个收容所。
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