精品解析：广东广州市天河区广州市天河中学高中部2025-2026学年第二学期基础考试高二英语试卷

广州市天河中学高中部2025学年第二学期基础考试 高二英语试卷 笔试满分130分 考试用时120分钟 阅读理解（每题2.5分，共37.5分） A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. B I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later. in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process (过程) that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机).By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627， my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model with bags. No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents (专利权) on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993,when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain. Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 4. What made the author design a bagless vacuum cleaner? A. His willingness to help Mom. B. His curiosity about machines. C. His boredom of doing endless homework. D. His discontent with the cleaners of that age. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The help from the author’s wife. B. The educational problems of the family. C. The steps of making a bagless cleaner. D. The difficult process of the new invention. 6. Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology? A. They thought they might suffer loss. B. They considered it not good enough C. They faced legal problems themselves. D. They had begun making such machines. 7. What lesson can we learn from the author’s experience? A. Think twice before acting. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. A good beginning makes a good ending. C Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 8. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 9. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 10. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 11. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 12. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A. They were made last week. B. They showed undersea sceneries. C. They were found by a cameraman. D. They recorded a disastrous adventure. 13. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton. C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander. 14. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A. Artistic creation. B. Scientific research. C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting. 15. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A. The History of Antarctic Exploration B. The Heroic Survival of Ernest Shackleton C. Frank Hurley: A Pioneer of Wartime Photography D. Lost and Found: A Century-Old Antarctic Photo Collection 阅读补全：其中有两项多余（每题2.5分，共12.5分）。 Apple’s vitamin and mineral content, its easy availability, and its inexpensiveness are the reasons why it’s the second most-consumed fruit in the world.___16___ But what about the calories and nutritional value in it? Can we consume apples in endless numbers and still stay fit? A medium-sized apple contains up to 95 calories. However, the sugar content—about 19g—is still less than the 21g you get in a regular-sized chocolate bar.___17___ The fiber present in fruits and vegetables helps control blood sugar levels naturally. It slows down digestion and stops the blood sugar levels from rising as they would after you consume candy. Eating one medium-sized apple gives you your daily dose of 14% vitamin A and 11% of vitamin C, both that your immune system needs the most. Antioxidants like vitamin A and C save the body from damage caused by unstable atoms. _______18_______ If we consume darker apples more, we can get an antioxidant that protects the body from diseases and a good amount of indigestible fiber our gut’s good bacteria feed on, so it’s a win-win deal! _____19_____ Consuming one or two apples on a daily basis is good for your health. But if you’re diabetic, you should restrict the consumption to not more than a small-sized apple a day as apples are a high-sugar fruit. If you stay alert and take a proper diet, your body will benefit a lot. But if you eat endlessly, even the healthiest food in the world would damage your body and increase the number of doctor visits._____20_____ A. So act smartly and stay safe. B. How many apples can you eat in a day? C. Therefore, you should watch out for the food quality. D. How can we guarantee that we will get this fruit continuously? E. Plus, this sugar is less harmful to your body since it comes with fibers. F. They reduce the risks of illness and aging, giving you healthy and smooth skin. G. Since it comes in many varieties and different tastes, people never get bored of it. 完形填空（每题1分，共15分） There are moments when strangers’ lives come across, and even though they may never see each other again, they’re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is ____21____, often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes. Not long ago, I was a(n) ____22____ to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just gotten off a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We immediately ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to ____23____ what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a medical information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents ____24____ that the man was hypoglycemic and in major need of sugar. However, the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were ____25____ it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the scene with the flight attendants. He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers (士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the ____26____ of trying to save a stranger’s life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and ____27____ a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained ____28____. Mecca, a fourth grader, ____29____ this stranger’s life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a ____30____ time. His father’s flight was unexpectedly canceled, ____31____ him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less ____32____. When we told Mecca’s parents of his ____33____ actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the ____34____. As time goes on, I remain ____35____ by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger’s life. Even today Mecca’s kindness continues to make me smile. 21. A. created B. revealed C. introduced D. preserved 22. A. witness B. visitor C. match D. exception 23. A. get across B. take down C. figure out D. bring up 24. A. recalled B. admitted C. determined D. guaranteed 25. A. worried B. confused C. embarrassed D. annoyed 26. A. chaos B. possession C. habit D. direction 27. A. gave away B. set aside C. pulled out D. kept off 28. A. memory B. appetite C. independence D. consciousness 29. A. risked B. saved C. sacrificed D. respected 30. A. proper B. tough C. enjoyable D. mysterious 31. A. forcing B. urging C. reminding D. permitting 32. A. guilty B. anxious C. sensitive D. doubtful 33. A. modest B. ambitious C. heroic D. confident 34. A. flight B. operation C. performance D. emergency 35. A. relieved B. puzzled C. frustrated D. inspired 语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The hulusi, or “gourd (葫芦) flute”, is a traditional wind instrument known for its soft, gentle tone. Originating in Yunnan province, it ____36____ (play) for centuries by ethnic groups such as the Dai and Yi. Today, this unique instrument enjoys ____37____ (popular) across China and even overseas. The history of the hulusi dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties, ____38____ it was used in folk ceremonies and daily life. ____39____ (traditional), it was played outdoors, with its calming sound carrying across fields and forests. The instrument consists of a gourd wind chest with bamboo pipes ____40____ (attach) to it, giving it its distinctive appearance. Skilled players spend years perfecting their breath control, aiming ____41____ (produce) the instrument’s characteristic smooth and expressive sound. The hulusi holds deep cultural significance, ____42____ (represent) the harmony between humans and nature in Chinese folk traditions. In Dai culture, playing the hulusi is often associated ____43____ love and courtship, as young people use it to convey their feelings. Today, learning to play the hulusi is considered an ____44____ (access) entry point into Chinese music. Its relatively simple structure makes it ____45____ ideal instrument for beginners, yet mastering its emotional depth requires years of devotion. 词性转换（每题1分，共10分） 46. The team worked __________ (dynamic) to overcome the technical challenges and met the deadline. （所给词的适当形式填空） 47. It is essential to promote __________ (sustain) farming practices to ensure food security for future generations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 48. The conflict finally came to a peaceful __________ (resolve) after weeks of negotiation. （所给词的适当形式填空） 49. Her interest in __________ (literature) classics led her to study ancient Greek and Roman works. （所给词的适当形式填空） 50. The listening exercise is designed to improve students’ oral __________ (comprehend) of complex instructions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. Late __________ (submit) of the report will result in a penalty according to the company policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Many folk tales are believed to __________ (origin) from oral traditions passed down through centuries. （所给词的适当形式填空） 53. The cost of living in the city has seen a __________ (drama) increase over the past decade. （所给词的适当形式填空） 54. The scholarship committee will interview each __________ (apply) before making a final decision. （所给词的适当形式填空） 55. After a short nap and a glass of water, he felt much __________ (refresh) and continued working. （所给词的适当形式填空） 短语选填，其中有两项多余（每题1分，共5分）。 选词填空 straight away, on behalf of, turn sb. down, give off, worn out, make up one’s mind, in response to 56. The old factory used to __________ an unpleasant smell, affecting nearby residents. 57. After thinking for a whole week, she finally __________ to study medicine at university. 58. When the fire alarm rings, everyone must leave the building __________. 59. I’m writing this letter __________ my classmates to thank you for your wonderful lecture. 60. She really wanted the job, but the company __________ her __________ because she lacked experience. 完成句子（每句2分，共10分） 61. 如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯会导致更严重的有害习惯。（状从省略） These bad habits, ________________, ________________ when they become adults. 62. 我很感激林老师，在她的指引下我的英语一直在进步。（介词引导定从） I am grateful to Miss Lin, ________________. 63. 你应该定期运动来增强体质，这不但可以消除你的压力，还使你充满活力。（非谓语） You should ________________, ________________. 64. 当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，无比喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人都无法掩饰自己的泪水。（such...that...） When ________________, we felt ________________. 65. 正是他的鼓励拯救了我；否则，我早已在绝望中迷失了自己。 It was ________________; otherwise, I ________________. 书面表达（15分） 66. 假设你是李华。你的美国网友Sarah询问你“在校园中你如何减少的碳足迹”。请你用英文写一篇邮件回复她，以你个人为例，分享你的做法。（约120词） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后试写（10分） Brandon was a father of two: Ezri, age 7, and Oliver, age 5. One autumn afternoon, he took his children hiking on a mountain they had climbed before. The day started perfectly — the sun was warm, the sky was clear, and the children laughed as they made their way to the top. After reaching the summit, the children were still full of energy. “Let’s try a different path down!” Ezri suggested excitedly. Brandon hesitated but agreed. He had no idea that this small decision would soon turn into a nightmare. The unfamiliar path grew steeper and narrower. Before Brandon realized it, the trail had become nothing more than a game trail — barely wide enough for one person. The sky turned grey, and a cold wind began to blow. Then it happened: Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. He grabbed for the children, but all three of them fell, tumbling down the rocky slope. When they stopped, Brandon’s forehead was bleeding. His backpack — containing their food, water, and emergency supplies — had been thrown six meters away, lodged between two rocks where he couldn’t reach it. The children were crying and shivering. The temperature was dropping fast. Brandon cursed himself for taking the unfamiliar path. He had two choices: stay put with the children and hope someone found them, or go alone to find help. He looked at Ezri and Oliver — they were too scared and too cold to move far. He knew what he had to do. He took off his own jacket and wrapped it around both children. He kissed each of them on the forehead, his voice trembling as he said: “Stay here. No matter what you hear or see, do not leave this spot. I will come back for you.” Then Brandon walked into the darkening woods alone. Hours later, bleeding and exhausted, Brandon stumbled upon a family hiking on the main trail. They immediately called 911. A rescue helicopter was sent. When the helicopter found the two children exactly where Brandon had left them, Brandon ran off the aircraft and hugged them tightly, tears streaming down his face. Years later, Brandon still cannot pass a stranger in a bright red jacket — the same color his children wore that day — without feeling a deep sense of gratitude. He knows now that no one is ever truly alone. 67. 【人物性格】What can be inferred about Brandon when he “cursed himself for taking the unfamiliar path”? A. He was angry at the children for suggesting it. B. He regretted his decision and felt guilty. C. He wanted to give up and stay where they were. D. He thought the weather was to blame. 68. 【情节发展】What directly caused the family to fall down the slope? A. The path became too narrow for three people. B. The weather turned bad suddenly. C. Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. D. Ezri suggested trying a different path down. 69. 【环境与冲突】Why did Brandon decide to go alone for help instead of staying with the children? A. He knew the way back to the main trail. B. He was the least injured among the three. C. The children were too scared and too cold to move far. D. The backpack with all the supplies had been thrown six meters away. 70. 【主题与冲突类型】Which types of conflict are displayed in this passage? A. Man vs. Nature and Man vs. Himself B. Man vs. Society and Man vs. Nature C. Man vs. Himself and Man vs. Technology D. Man vs. Nature and Man vs. Society 71. Why did Brandon kiss his children on the forehead and tell them “Stay here, no matter what” with a trembling voice? What does this detail reveal about his character? ____________________________________________ 升华句写作 72. 基于这个故事，请用一句话为“courage”（勇气）下定义。 ____________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 广州市天河中学高中部2025学年第二学期基础考试 高二英语试卷 笔试满分130分 考试用时120分钟 阅读理解（每题2.5分，共37.5分） A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。 B I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later. in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process (过程) that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机).By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627， my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model with bags. No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents (专利权) on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993,when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain. Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 4. What made the author design a bagless vacuum cleaner? A. His willingness to help Mom. B. His curiosity about machines. C. His boredom of doing endless homework. D. His discontent with the cleaners of that age. 5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The help from the author’s wife. B. The educational problems of the family. C. The steps of making a bagless cleaner. D. The difficult process of the new invention. 6. Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology? A. They thought they might suffer loss. B. They considered it not good enough C. They faced legal problems themselves. D. They had begun making such machines. 7. What lesson can we learn from the author’s experience? A. Think twice before acting. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. A good beginning makes a good ending. 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述作者发明无袋吸尘器的经历，揭示了“失败为成功之母”的道理。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.( 我讨厌换真空吸尘器的袋子，讨厌把吸尘器吸不进去的东西捡起来。二十年后，也就是1978年，我对这台机器的工作方式一直很反感，于是决定做一台无袋的。)”可知，对于真空吸尘器的不满意使作者研制一种无袋吸尘器。故选D项。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。通读文章第二段内容，可知其段落结构为总分总结构，首句内容“Easier said than done, of course.(当然，说起来容易做起来难。)”和末尾句内容“These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.( 这些是艰难的时刻，但每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。)”点明本段主旨要义，即：作者发明无袋吸尘器过程中遇到的一些困难。选项D. The difficult process of the new invention.(这项新发明的艰难过程。)贴合主旨。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“The major vacuum makers had built a business model with bags. No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. (主要的真空吸尘器制造商已经建立了一种以袋子为卖点的商业模式。没有人会同意我的想法，不是因为它不好，而是因为它不利于生意。)”可知，没人会认可作者的想法是因为真空吸尘器的包装袋能够给商家带来盈利，而作者发明的无袋吸尘器会使商家失去原有的能够带来盈利的部分，因此商家担心其不能带来盈利反而可能会导致损失。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。作者在文章末尾点明主旨，揭示道理“Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention.( 今天，我仍然接受风险和失败的可能性作为过程的一部分。没有什么能比得上发明带来的兴奋。)可知，作者的“无袋吸尘器”发明经历使他明白了风险和失败在发明过程中是可能存在的。选项B. Failure is the mother of success.(失败是成功之母。)正确体现了作者的领悟。故选B项。 C Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 8. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 9. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 10. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 11. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。 【点睛】 D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 12. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A. They were made last week. B. They showed undersea sceneries. C. They were found by a cameraman. D. They recorded a disastrous adventure. 13. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton. C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander. 14. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A. Artistic creation. B. Scientific research. C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting. 15. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? A. The History of Antarctic Exploration B. The Heroic Survival of Ernest Shackleton C. Frank Hurley: A Pioneer of Wartime Photography D. Lost and Found: A Century-Old Antarctic Photo Collection 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是Frank Hurley拍摄的记录“耐力号”南极探险的老照片，以及这次探险的背景和相关历史人物。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.(实际上，这些照片拍摄于1914年至1916年期间，其中大部分是在遭遇毁灭性海难之后拍摄的，而拍摄者是一位当时已不抱生还希望的摄影师。)”可知，Hurley拍摄的照片记录了一次灾难性的探险。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.(斯科特船长于1912年初抵达南极点，但在返程途中与四位同伴不幸遇难。)”可知，最早到达南极的是Captain Scott。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.(正如作家卡罗琳·亚历山大（Caroline Alexander）在其有力且研究深入的著作《耐力号》中所阐述的，即便在当时，探险活动也是一项彻头彻尾的商业行为。)”和“Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.(沙克尔顿曾是一名英国商船队军官，1908 年时他距离南极点仅 100 英里之遥。在 1914 年启程南极探险之前，他创办了一家公司，打算通过电影拍摄和静态摄影来赚钱。)”可知，亚历山大认为 1914 年那次航行的目的是赚钱。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.(一组全新的照片集，让一次失败的南极之旅重焕生机。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Frank Hurley拍摄的记录“耐力号”南极探险的老照片，以及这次探险的背景和相关历史人物，因此最恰当的题目是D选项“Lost and Found: A Century-Old Antarctic Photo Collection(《遗失与寻回：一个世纪前的南极照片集》)”。 阅读补全：其中有两项多余（每题2.5分，共12.5分）。 Apple’s vitamin and mineral content, its easy availability, and its inexpensiveness are the reasons why it’s the second most-consumed fruit in the world.___16___ But what about the calories and nutritional value in it? Can we consume apples in endless numbers and still stay fit? A medium-sized apple contains up to 95 calories. However, the sugar content—about 19g—is still less than the 21g you get in a regular-sized chocolate bar.___17___ The fiber present in fruits and vegetables helps control blood sugar levels naturally. It slows down digestion and stops the blood sugar levels from rising as they would after you consume candy. Eating one medium-sized apple gives you your daily dose of 14% vitamin A and 11% of vitamin C, both that your immune system needs the most. Antioxidants like vitamin A and C save the body from damage caused by unstable atoms. _______18_______ If we consume darker apples more, we can get an antioxidant that protects the body from diseases and a good amount of indigestible fiber our gut’s good bacteria feed on, so it’s a win-win deal! _____19_____ Consuming one or two apples on a daily basis is good for your health. But if you’re diabetic, you should restrict the consumption to not more than a small-sized apple a day as apples are a high-sugar fruit. If you stay alert and take a proper diet, your body will benefit a lot. But if you eat endlessly, even the healthiest food in the world would damage your body and increase the number of doctor visits._____20_____ A. So act smartly and stay safe. B. How many apples can you eat in a day? C. Therefore, you should watch out for the food quality. D. How can we guarantee that we will get this fruit continuously? E. Plus, this sugar is less harmful to your body since it comes with fibers. F. They reduce the risks of illness and aging, giving you healthy and smooth skin. G. Since it comes in many varieties and different tastes, people never get bored of it. 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. F 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苹果这种食物的好处以及一些食用注意事项。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Apple’s vitamin and mineral content, its easy availability, and its inexpensiveness are the reasons why it’s the second most-consumed fruit in the world.(苹果富含维生素和矿物质，易于获得，价格低廉，这些都是它成为世界上第二大消费水果的原因)”以及后文“But what about the calories and nutritional value in it? Can we consume apples in endless numbers and still stay fit?(但是它的热量和营养价值呢？我们能吃无数个苹果还能保持健康吗？)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明苹果受欢迎的原因。故G选项“由于它有许多种类和不同的口味，人们永远不会厌倦它”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“A medium-sized apple contains up to 95 calories. However, the sugar content—about 19g—is still less than the 21g you get in a regular-sized chocolate bar.(一个中等大小的苹果含有高达95卡路里的热量。然而，它的含糖量——大约19克——仍然比你从常规尺寸的巧克力棒中获得的21克要少)”以及后文“The fiber present in fruits and vegetables helps control blood sugar levels naturally. It slows down digestion and stops the blood sugar levels from rising as they would after you consume candy.(水果和蔬菜中的纤维有助于自然控制血糖水平。它减缓消化，阻止血糖水平上升，就像你吃糖之后一样)”可知，上文提到苹果含糖，后文则提到了纤维，可知本句属于过渡句，进一步解释这种糖对身体的影响，E选项中fibers对应后文中The fiber。故E选项“另外，这种糖对你的身体伤害较小，因为它含有纤维”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Eating one medium-sized apple gives you your daily dose of 14% vitamin A and 11% of vitamin C, both that your immune system needs the most. Antioxidants like vitamin A and C save the body from damage caused by unstable atoms.(每天吃一个中等大小的苹果就能提供14%的维生素A和11%的维生素C，这两种维生素都是你的免疫系统最需要的。像维生素A和C这样的抗氧化剂可以使身体免受不稳定原子的伤害)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明维生素A和C的作用，F选项中They指代上文vitamin A and C。故F选项“它们能降低疾病和衰老的风险，让你拥有健康光滑的皮肤”符合语境，故选F。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Consuming one or two apples on a daily basis is good for your health. But if you’re diabetic, you should restrict the consumption to not more than a small-sized apple a day as apples are a high-sugar fruit. If you stay alert and take a proper diet, your body will benefit a lot. (每天吃一个或两个苹果对你的健康有好处。但如果你是糖尿病患者，你应该限制每天的摄入量不超过一个小苹果，因为苹果是一种含糖量很高的水果。如果你保持警觉，合理饮食，你的身体会受益很多)”可知，本段的主旨是关于每天该吃多少个苹果的说明，B选项中eat对应后文中Consuming。故B选项“你一天能吃多少个苹果？”符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据上文“But if you eat endlessly, even the healthiest food in the world would damage your body and increase the number of doctor visits. (但如果你没完没了得吃，即使是世界上最健康的食物也会损害你的身体，增加看医生的次数)”可知，上文提到吃太多苹果对健康有害，本句为本段最后一句，应说明吃苹果要适量。故A选项“所以适量食用，保证安全”符合语境，故选A。 完形填空（每题1分，共15分） There are moments when strangers’ lives come across, and even though they may never see each other again, they’re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is ____21____, often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes. Not long ago, I was a(n) ____22____ to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just gotten off a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We immediately ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to ____23____ what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a medical information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents ____24____ that the man was hypoglycemic and in major need of sugar. However, the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were ____25____ it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the scene with the flight attendants. He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers (士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the ____26____ of trying to save a stranger’s life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and ____27____ a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained ____28____. Mecca, a fourth grader, ____29____ this stranger’s life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a ____30____ time. His father’s flight was unexpectedly canceled, ____31____ him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less ____32____. When we told Mecca’s parents of his ____33____ actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the ____34____. As time goes on, I remain ____35____ by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger’s life. Even today Mecca’s kindness continues to make me smile. 21. A. created B. revealed C. introduced D. preserved 22. A. witness B. visitor C. match D. exception 23. A. get across B. take down C. figure out D. bring up 24. A. recalled B. admitted C. determined D. guaranteed 25. A. worried B. confused C. embarrassed D. annoyed 26. A. chaos B. possession C. habit D. direction 27. A. gave away B. set aside C. pulled out D. kept off 28. A. memory B. appetite C. independence D. consciousness 29. A. risked B. saved C. sacrificed D. respected 30. A. proper B. tough C. enjoyable D. mysterious 31. A. forcing B. urging C. reminding D. permitting 32. A. guilty B. anxious C. sensitive D. doubtful 33. A. modest B. ambitious C. heroic D. confident 34. A. flight B. operation C. performance D. emergency 35. A. relieved B. puzzled C. frustrated D. inspired 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在机场目睹一个九岁男孩用士力架巧克力救了一个低血糖陌生人的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些时刻往往能显露一个人的真实品性，常常体现在平凡英雄的善良与慷慨之举中。A. created创造；B. revealed揭示；C. introduced介绍；D. preserved保护。根据下文“often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes”可知，描述通过善举看出人的本性，可知此处是真实品格被显露出来。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：不久前，我见证了这样的时刻。A. witness见证者；B. visitor访问者；C. match比赛；D. exception例外。根据下文“to that kind of moment”、“when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We immediately ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to ______ what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a medical information card, other passengers from the flight joined us.”可知，下文作者讲述自己亲身经历的救人场景，作者是这件事的见证者。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我的父母是医生，他们放下一切，开始试图弄清楚发生了什么。A. get across使……被理解；B. take down记下；C. figure out弄清楚；D. bring up提出。根据下文“As they asked him questions and searched for a medical information card”和“My parents ______ that the man was hypoglycemic and in major need of sugar.”可知，有人突然倒地，医生父母要查明他晕倒的原因，且下文也描述了这名男子是低血糖，急需补充糖分这一原因。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：我的父母确定这个人患有低血糖症，急需糖。A. recalled回忆；B. admitted承认；C. determined确定；D. guaranteed保证。根据下文“the man was hypoglycemic and in major need of sugar”可知，作者的父母确定这个人患有低血糖症。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们担心这不足以救他。A. worried担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据上文“However, the only thing we could find was a protein bar”和下文“it would not be enough to save him”可知，作者他们担心蛋白棒不足以救他。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：没人搭理他，因为大家正陷入抢救陌生人的慌乱之中。A. chaos混乱；B. possession拥有；C. habit习惯；D. direction方向。根据下文“trying to save a stranger’s life”可知，有人突发疾病，现场众人忙着施救，场面一片忙乱。in the chaos of“陷入一片慌乱、忙作一团”。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：Mecca在背包里翻找，拿出一块士力架。A. gave away赠送；B. set aside留出；C. pulled out拿出；D. kept off避开。根据下文“He then handed it to my father”可知，Mecca从背包里拿出士力架。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：士力架取代蛋白棒几秒钟后，这个人恢复了意识。A. memory记忆；B. appetite胃口；C. independence独立；D. consciousness意识。根据上文“the man was hypoglycemic and in major need of sugar”可知，这个人低血糖，需要糖，吃了士力架后恢复了意识。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：Mecca，一个四年级的学生，救了这个陌生人的命！A. risked冒险；B. saved拯救；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. respected尊敬。根据上文“the man regained ”可知，Mecca救了这个陌生人的命。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：没有人能想到，那天晚上早些时候，Mecca刚刚经历了一段艰难的时光。A. proper适当的；B. tough艰难的；C. enjoyable愉快的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据下文“His father’s flight was unexpectedly canceled, ______ him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous”可知，后文提到父亲航班取消，他独自乘机、内心紧张，Mecca过得很艰难。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行。A. forcing迫使；B. urging敦促；C. reminding提醒；D. permitting允许。根据上文“His father’s flight was unexpectedly canceled”可知，他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的祖母在他的背包里装满了糖果，让他不那么焦虑。A. guilty内疚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据上文“He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous”可知，Mecca独自飞行很紧张，祖母在他的背包里装满了糖果，让他不那么焦虑。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我们把Mecca的英雄行为告诉他的父母时，他们笑得合不拢嘴。A. modest谦虚的；B. ambitious有野心的；C. heroic英雄的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“Mecca, a fourth grader, ______ this stranger’s life!”可知，Mecca救了陌生人的命，这是英雄行为。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们很惊讶他竟然省下了一些糖果，并在紧急情况下想到了这些糖果。A. flight航班；B. operation手术；C. performance表演；D. emergency紧急情况。根据上文“trying to save a stranger’s life”可知，有人突发疾病晕倒，属于紧急突发状况。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，我仍然受到见证一个九岁孩子拯救一个陌生人生命的经历的鼓舞。A. relieved宽慰的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。根据下文“Even today Mecca’s kindness continues to make me smile”可知，后文说男孩的善意仍让作者微笑，可见这段经历带给作者鼓舞。 语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The hulusi, or “gourd (葫芦) flute”, is a traditional wind instrument known for its soft, gentle tone. Originating in Yunnan province, it ____36____ (play) for centuries by ethnic groups such as the Dai and Yi. Today, this unique instrument enjoys ____37____ (popular) across China and even overseas. The history of the hulusi dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties, ____38____ it was used in folk ceremonies and daily life. ____39____ (traditional), it was played outdoors, with its calming sound carrying across fields and forests. The instrument consists of a gourd wind chest with bamboo pipes ____40____ (attach) to it, giving it its distinctive appearance. Skilled players spend years perfecting their breath control, aiming ____41____ (produce) the instrument’s characteristic smooth and expressive sound. The hulusi holds deep cultural significance, ____42____ (represent) the harmony between humans and nature in Chinese folk traditions. In Dai culture, playing the hulusi is often associated ____43____ love and courtship, as young people use it to convey their feelings. Today, learning to play the hulusi is considered an ____44____ (access) entry point into Chinese music. Its relatively simple structure makes it ____45____ ideal instrument for beginners, yet mastering its emotional depth requires years of devotion. 【答案】36. has been played 37. popularity 38. when 39. Traditionally 40. attached 41. to produce 42. representing 43. with 44. accessible 45. an 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统乐器葫芦丝的历史、构造、文化意义以及其在当下的流行情况。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它起源于云南省，几个世纪以来一直被傣族、彝族等少数民族演奏。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语for centuries可知，此处要用现在完成时，主语it（指代葫芦丝）与play之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，故填has been played。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今，这种独特的乐器在中国乃至海外都很受欢迎。此处作动词enjoys的宾语，要用popular的名词形式，popularity为不可数名词，故填popularity。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：葫芦丝的历史可以追溯到秦汉时期，当时它被用于民间仪式和日常生活中。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Qin and Han dynasties，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句，故填when。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：传统上，它是在户外演奏的，其舒缓的声音传遍田野和森林。此处修饰整个句子，要用traditional的副词形式，句首首字母大写，故填Traditionally。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种乐器由一个葫芦风箱和附着在上面的竹管组成，使其具有独特的外观。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，bamboo pipes与attach之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故填attached。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：技艺精湛的演奏者会花费数年时间完善自己的呼吸控制，力求发出这种乐器特有的流畅而富有表现力的声音。aim to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“力求做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式，故填to produce。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：葫芦丝具有深厚的文化意义，代表着中国民间传统中人与自然的和谐。句中已有谓语动词holds，此处为非谓语动词，The hulusi与represent之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填representing。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：在傣族文化中，吹葫芦丝通常与爱情和求爱有关，因为年轻人用它来表达自己的感情。be associated with为固定搭配，意为“与……有关联”，故填with。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如今，学习吹葫芦丝被认为是进入中国音乐的一个便捷入口。此处修饰名词entry point，要用access的形容词形式accessible，意为“便捷的、易获得的”，故填accessible。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它相对简单的结构使其成为初学者的理想乐器，但要掌握其情感深度则需要多年的投入。instrument为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一种理想的乐器”，为泛指，且ideal是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an，故填an。 词性转换（每题1分，共10分） 46. The team worked __________ (dynamic) to overcome the technical challenges and met the deadline. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dynamically 【解析】 【详解】句意：团队积极努力地克服技术挑战，并按时完成了任务。本空修饰动词worked，作状语，用副词dynamically“积极地，充满活力地”。 47. It is essential to promote __________ (sustain) farming practices to ensure food security for future generations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】sustainable 【解析】 【详解】句意：推广可持续的农业做法，以确保子孙后代的粮食安全，这是至关重要的。本空修饰名词短语farming practices，作定语，用形容词sustainable“可持续的”。 48. The conflict finally came to a peaceful __________ (resolve) after weeks of negotiation. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】resolution 【解析】 【详解】句意：经过数周的谈判，这场冲突终于得到了和平解决。本空在形容词peaceful后，作介词to的宾语，用名词resolution“解决（方案）”，且由a修饰，用单数形式。 49. Her interest in __________ (literature) classics led her to study ancient Greek and Roman works. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】literary 【解析】 【详解】句意：她对文学经典的兴趣促使她研究古希腊和古罗马的作品。literature意为“文学”，这里需要用形容词形式literary来修饰名词classics”（经典作品），literary在句中作定语。 50. The listening exercise is designed to improve students’ oral __________ (comprehend) of complex instructions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comprehension 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个听力练习旨在提高学生对复杂指令的口头理解能力。oral是形容词，修饰名词，comprehend的名词是comprehension，意为“理解”，作宾语，是不可数名词。 51. Late __________ (submit) of the report will result in a penalty according to the company policy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】submission 【解析】 【详解】句意：根据公司政策，报告提交过晚将导致处罚。本空作主语，用名词submission“提交（的事物、文件等）”，此处为特指，用单数形式。 52. Many folk tales are believed to __________ (origin) from oral traditions passed down through centuries. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】originate 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多民间故事被认为起源于几个世纪以来口口相传的口头传统。位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形originate“起源于”。 53. The cost of living in the city has seen a __________ (drama) increase over the past decade. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dramatic 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，这个城市的生活成本急剧增加。本空修饰名词increase，作定语，用形容词dramatic“急剧的”。 54. The scholarship committee will interview each __________ (apply) before making a final decision. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】applicant 【解析】 【详解】句意：奖学金委员会在做出最终决定之前将面试每一位申请人。本空作宾语，用名词applicant“申请人”，且由each修饰，用单数形式。 55. After a short nap and a glass of water, he felt much __________ (refresh) and continued working. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】refreshed 【解析】 【详解】句意：小睡了一会儿，喝了杯水后，他感到精神焕发，继续工作。本空在felt后，作表语，描述主语he的状态，应用形容词refreshed“精神焕发的，恢复精力的”。 短语选填，其中有两项多余（每题1分，共5分）。 选词填空 straight away, on behalf of, turn sb. down, give off, worn out, make up one’s mind, in response to 56. The old factory used to __________ an unpleasant smell, affecting nearby residents. 57. After thinking for a whole week, she finally __________ to study medicine at university. 58. When the fire alarm rings, everyone must leave the building __________. 59. I’m writing this letter __________ my classmates to thank you for your wonderful lecture. 60. She really wanted the job, but the company __________ her __________ because she lacked experience. 【答案】56. give off 57. made up her mind 58. straight away 59. on behalf of 60. ①. turned ②. down 【解析】 【56题详解】 考查固定短语和不定式。句意：这座旧工厂过去常常散发出难闻的气味，影响了附近的居民。由“an unpleasant smell”可知，此处表示“散发出难闻的气味”，空格处意为“散发出”，是固定短语give off，used to do意为“过去常常”，give用原形。 【57题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：经过整整一周的思考，她终于下定决心要在大学里学习医学。由“to study medicine at university”可知，此处表示“下定决心要学医”，空格处意为“下定决心”，是固定短语make up one’s mind，主语是she，且句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是made up her mind。 【58题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：当火灾警报响起时，所有人都必须立即离开大楼。由“When the fire alarm rings”可知，此处表示“立即离开大楼”，空格处意为“立即”，是固定短语straight away。 【59题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我代表同学们写这封信来感谢您精彩的演讲。由“my classmates”可知，此处表示“代表同学们”，空格处意为“代表”，是固定短语on behalf of。 【60题详解】 考查固定短语和时态。句意：她真的很想要这份工作，但公司拒绝了她，因为她缺乏经验。由“because she lacked experience”可知，此处表示“公司拒绝了她”，空格处意为“拒绝”，是固定短语turn sb. down，由wanted可知，时态是一般过去时，turn用过去式。 完成句子（每句2分，共10分） 61. 如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯会导致更严重的有害习惯。（状从省略） These bad habits, ________________, ________________ when they become adults. 【答案】 ①. if left unchecked ②. will lead to more serious harmful habits 【解析】 【详解】当条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，表示“如果放任不管”用if“如果”引导的条件状语从句，从句中“放任不管”可理解为“这些坏习惯被放任不管”，从句主语用they(指代These bad habits)，表示“让某事物任其发展”用leave sth. unchecked，与主语为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态are left unchecked，所以此处省略they are，第一空用if left unchecked。表示“导致”用lead to；表示“更严重的有害习惯”用more serious harmful habits，事情发生在将来，用一般将来时，第二空用will lead to more serious harmful habits。 62. 我很感激林老师，在她的指引下我的英语一直在进步。（介词引导定从） I am grateful to Miss Lin, ________________. 【答案】under whose guidance my English has been improving continuously 【解析】 【详解】空格处表达“在她的指引下我的英语一直在进步”，“在……的指引下”是固定短语under one’s guidance，题目要求用介词引导定从，先行词Miss Lin和guidance之间是所属关系，因此用under whose引导定语从句，“我的英语”表达为my English，“进步”表达为improve，由“一直”可知，时态用现在完成进行时，主语my English是不可数名词，因此现在完成进行时是has been improving，用副词continuously表示“一直”。 63. 你应该定期运动来增强体质，这不但可以消除你的压力，还使你充满活力。（非谓语） You should ________________, ________________. 【答案】 ①. exercise regularly to build up your health ②. not only relieving your stress but also filling you with energy 【解析】 【详解】表示“定期运动”用exercise regularly，should后接动词原形exercise；表示“增强体质”用build up your health，用不定式作目的状语。表示“消除你的压力”用relieve your stress，表示“使你充满活力”用fill you with energy；表示“不但……而且……”，用not only...but also...连接两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 64. 当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，无比喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人都无法掩饰自己的泪水。（such...that...） When ________________, we felt ________________. 【答案】 ①. we were finally rescued ②. such relief and joy that many of us couldn’t hold back our tears 【解析】 【详解】第一空表达“我们最终获救”，也就是“我们被救”，由felt可知，句子要用一般过去时的被动语态，“救”表达为rescue，“最终”表达为finally，主语we是复数，因此第一空是we were finally rescued。第二空表达“如释重负，无比喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人都无法掩饰自己的泪水”，可理解为“如此如释重负和喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人都无法掩饰自己的泪水”，“如释重负”是relief，“喜悦”是joy，都是不可数名词，“如此……以至于……”是such...that...，引导结果状语从句，“我们中的许多人”是many of us，“无法”是couldn’t，“掩饰自己的泪水”翻译为hold back our tears。 65. 正是他的鼓励拯救了我；否则，我早已在绝望中迷失了自己。 It was ________________; otherwise, I ________________. 【答案】 ①. his encouragement that saved me ②. would have been lost in despair 【解析】 【详解】表示“他的鼓励”用his encouragement，作主语；表示“拯救了我”用save me，句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式saved。用强调句型It was...that...来强调his encouragement；表示“在绝望中迷失了自己”用be lost in despair，用虚拟语气would have done表示与过去事实相反的情况，第二空用would have been lost in despair。 书面表达（15分） 66. 假设你是李华。你的美国网友Sarah询问你“在校园中你如何减少的碳足迹”。请你用英文写一篇邮件回复她，以你个人为例，分享你的做法。（约120词） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Sarah, I’m thrilled to share with you how I reduce my carbon footprint on campus. I usually walk to school because my home isn’t far from it. This way, I don’t need to take a car or a bus, which means fewer carbon emissions are released into the air. When I’m in the classroom, I always make sure to turn off the lights when they’re not in use. I know that electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, and what I do can help save energy. What I think is really important is that I bring my own reusable lunch box. Unlike the disposable ones that are often used in the canteen, mine can be used many times, reducing the amount of waste. I believe that if everyone makes small changes like these, we can make a big difference in protecting our environment. Best regards! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份回复美国网友Sarah，分享个人在校园中减少碳足迹的做法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 减少：reduce → decrease 确保：make sure → ensure 关闭：turn off → shut off 重要的：important → significant 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I know that electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, and what I do can help save energy. 拓展句：I know that electricity, which comes from burning fossil fuels, can be saved by what I do. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to share with you how I reduce my carbon footprint on campus. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】What I think is really important is that I bring my own reusable lunch box. (运用了What引导的主语从句、that引导的表语从句) 读后试写（10分） Brandon was a father of two: Ezri, age 7, and Oliver, age 5. One autumn afternoon, he took his children hiking on a mountain they had climbed before. The day started perfectly — the sun was warm, the sky was clear, and the children laughed as they made their way to the top. After reaching the summit, the children were still full of energy. “Let’s try a different path down!” Ezri suggested excitedly. Brandon hesitated but agreed. He had no idea that this small decision would soon turn into a nightmare. The unfamiliar path grew steeper and narrower. Before Brandon realized it, the trail had become nothing more than a game trail — barely wide enough for one person. The sky turned grey, and a cold wind began to blow. Then it happened: Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. He grabbed for the children, but all three of them fell, tumbling down the rocky slope. When they stopped, Brandon’s forehead was bleeding. His backpack — containing their food, water, and emergency supplies — had been thrown six meters away, lodged between two rocks where he couldn’t reach it. The children were crying and shivering. The temperature was dropping fast. Brandon cursed himself for taking the unfamiliar path. He had two choices: stay put with the children and hope someone found them, or go alone to find help. He looked at Ezri and Oliver — they were too scared and too cold to move far. He knew what he had to do. He took off his own jacket and wrapped it around both children. He kissed each of them on the forehead, his voice trembling as he said: “Stay here. No matter what you hear or see, do not leave this spot. I will come back for you.” Then Brandon walked into the darkening woods alone. Hours later, bleeding and exhausted, Brandon stumbled upon a family hiking on the main trail. They immediately called 911. A rescue helicopter was sent. When the helicopter found the two children exactly where Brandon had left them, Brandon ran off the aircraft and hugged them tightly, tears streaming down his face. Years later, Brandon still cannot pass a stranger in a bright red jacket — the same color his children wore that day — without feeling a deep sense of gratitude. He knows now that no one is ever truly alone. 67. 【人物性格】What can be inferred about Brandon when he “cursed himself for taking the unfamiliar path”? A. He was angry at the children for suggesting it. B. He regretted his decision and felt guilty. C. He wanted to give up and stay where they were. D. He thought the weather was to blame. 68. 【情节发展】What directly caused the family to fall down the slope? A. The path became too narrow for three people. B. The weather turned bad suddenly. C. Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. D. Ezri suggested trying a different path down. 69. 【环境与冲突】Why did Brandon decide to go alone for help instead of staying with the children? A. He knew the way back to the main trail. B. He was the least injured among the three. C. The children were too scared and too cold to move far. D. The backpack with all the supplies had been thrown six meters away. 70. 【主题与冲突类型】Which types of conflict are displayed in this passage? A. Man vs. Nature and Man vs. Himself B. Man vs. Society and Man vs. Nature C. Man vs. Himself and Man vs. Technology D. Man vs. Nature and Man vs. Society 71. Why did Brandon kiss his children on the forehead and tell them “Stay here, no matter what” with a trembling voice? What does this detail reveal about his character? ____________________________________________ 升华句写作 72. 基于这个故事，请用一句话为“courage”（勇气）下定义。 ____________________________________________ 【答案】67. B 68. C 69. C 70. A 71. Brandon kissed his children on the forehead and told them to stay with a trembling voice because he was extremely worried about their safety and was trying to comfort and reassure them in a difficult and dangerous situation. This detail reveals that he is a loving, caring, and responsible father who is willing to sacrifice himself to protect his children. 72. Courage is the unwavering determination to face danger and make difficult decisions, even when fear grips your heart, as Brandon did when he left his children to seek help in the face of an unknown and perilous situation. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是一位父亲在登山遇险时，为了保护两个孩子，独自冒险寻找救援的感人故事。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“He had no idea that this small decision would soon turn into a nightmare.(他完全没想到这个小小的决定很快就会变成一场噩梦。)”和第五段“Brandon cursed himself for taking the unfamiliar path.(布兰登懊恼地自责自己选择了这条陌生的路。)”可知，他的决定变成了一场噩梦，所以当布兰登“为自己选择了一条陌生的路线而咒骂自己”时我们可以推断出他后悔了自己的决定，并感到内疚。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Then it happened: Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. He grabbed for the children, but all three of them fell, tumbling down the rocky slope.(接着发生了这样的事：布兰登在一处瀑布旁的一块湿石头上滑倒了。他伸手去拉孩子们，但三个人都摔倒了，顺着那布满岩石的斜坡滚了下去。)”可知，直接导致这一家人从山坡上滑落的是布兰登在水瀑附近的湿石头上滑倒了。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“He looked at Ezri and Oliver — they were too scared and too cold to move far. He knew what he had to do.(他看向Ezri和Oliver——他们太过害怕，又太过寒冷，根本无法走得太远。他知道自己必须怎么做。)”可知，布兰登决定独自前往寻求帮助，而不是和孩子们待在一起是因为孩子们太过害怕且寒冷，无法走太远。 【70题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The sky turned grey, and a cold wind began to blow. Then it happened: Brandon slipped on a wet rock near a waterfall. He grabbed for the children, but all three of them fell, tumbling down the rocky slope.(天空变得灰暗，一阵冷风开始刮起。接着发生了这样的事：布兰登在一处瀑布旁的一块湿石头上滑倒了。他伸手去拉孩子们，但三个人都摔倒了，顺着那布满岩石的斜坡滚了下去。)”可知，本文展现了人与大自然的冲突；根据倒数第三段“Then Brandon walked into the darkening woods alone.(随后，布兰登独自走进了渐暗的树林里。)”和倒数第二段“Hours later, bleeding and exhausted, Brandon stumbled upon a family hiking on the main trail. They immediately called 911.(几个小时后，布兰登浑身是血、疲惫不堪地在主干道上踉跄着走着，这时他遇到了一个家庭正在这条主干道上徒步旅行。他们立刻拨打了 911。)”可知，布兰登通过自己的努力最终获救，这体现了人与自身的冲突。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“He looked at Ezri and Oliver — they were too scared and too cold to move far. He knew what he had to do.(他看向埃兹里和奥利弗——他们太过害怕，又太过寒冷，根本无法走得太远。他知道自己必须怎么做。)”以及当时的恶劣环境可知，布兰登轻吻了孩子们的额头，并用颤抖的声音告诉他们要待在一起，因为他极度担心他们的安全，此时他正试图在艰难且危险的环境中安抚和宽慰他们。这一细节表明他是一个充满爱、富有责任感且愿意为保护孩子而牺牲自己的父亲。 【72题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“He kissed each of them on the forehead, his voice trembling as he said: “Stay here. No matter what you hear or see, do not leave this spot. I will come back for you.”(他亲吻了他们每个人的额头，声音颤抖地说道：“待在这儿。不管你们听到什么或看到什么，都不要离开这个地方。我会回来找你们的。”)”，倒数第三段“Then Brandon walked into the darkening woods alone.(随后，布兰登独自走进了渐暗的树林里。)”，倒数第二段“Hours later, bleeding and exhausted, Brandon stumbled upon a family hiking on the main trail. They immediately called 911. A rescue helicopter was sent. When the helicopter found the two children exactly where Brandon had left them, Brandon ran off the aircraft and hugged them tightly, tears streaming down his face.(几个小时后，布兰登浑身是血、疲惫不堪地在主干道上踉跄着走着，这时他遇到了一个家庭正在这条主干道上徒步旅行。他们立刻拨打了 911。一架救援直升机被派了过来。当直升机在布兰登所留下的地方准确地找到了这两个孩子时，布兰登从飞机上跑下来，紧紧地拥抱了他们，泪水顺着他的脸颊流淌下来。)”可知，布兰登在面临危险和做出艰难抉择时保持镇定，并克服了障碍，这体现了他的勇气，所以勇气就是那种坚定不移的意志力，能够在面临危险和做出艰难抉择时保持镇定，即便内心充满恐惧。就像布兰登那样，在面对未知且危险的状况时，他为了寻求帮助而离开了自己的孩子。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $