精品解析：北京市第十三中学2025～2026学年第二学期高二英语期中测试试题

北京市第十三中学2025~2026学年第二学期 高二英语期中测试 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页;答题纸第1页至第2页。卷面共140分，考试时间120分钟。请在答题纸指定位置书写班级、姓名、学号。考试结束后，将本试卷的答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 (共83分) Ⅰ. 听力理解 (共三节，30分) 第一节 (共4小题;每小题2分，共8分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. Where is Daisy from? A. America. B. Italy. C. Greece. 2. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation? A. Go to Paris. B. Visit her cousins. C. Start a night school. 3. Who will give the report on Friday? A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s assistant. 4. Where will the man have dinner? A. In his home. B. At his aunt’s place. C. In his grandfather’s house. 第二节 (共6小题;每小题2分，共12分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. Why can’t the man attend the event? A. Because he doesn’t know how to help. B. Because he thinks it is nothing serious. C. Because he has a family emergency to handle. 6. What will the man probably do next? A. Accept donations. B. Help out in other ways. C. Send the woman more information. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What do we know about the woman? A She’ll go to university. B. She joined the company. C. She has work experience. 8. What’s the woman most probably doing? A. Chatting online. B. Asking for advice. C. Taking an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. Where should students go if they’re interested in healthcare? A. To the School Gym. B. To No. 1 Lecture Hall. C. To No. 2 Lecture Hall. 10. Why does the speaker give this talk? A. To introduce an activity. B. To share personal experiences. C. To give advice on career choices. 第三节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Practice Self-Care Get enough 11 . ● Make sure you don’t stay up too late. ● Keep your bedroom comfortable, 12 and free of distractions. Stay fit through exercise. ● Start by understanding the many benefits of exercise. ● 13 an activity you enjoy. 14 and reduce stress. ● Identify what you have control over. ● Talk with people you 15 . II. 完形填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The true warmth of life often arrives in the simplest ways. One morning, a freezing rain had transformed my car windows into frosted glass. As I set about dealing with it, I ____1____ a small note tucked against the driver’s side window. Pressed beneath a thin layer of ice, the handwriting remained ____2____: “This is ice, not snow. Slow starts, gentle turns, and early stops.” It was ____3____ by the elderly gentleman next door. A sudden warmth cut through the morning chill, more comforting than any winter coat. Those simple instructions touched me more deeply than any elaborate gesture could. These weren’t merely driving ____4____ — they felt like a quiet voice whispering, “Someone ____5____ whether you arrive safely.” I carefully peeled the note from the glass, preserving it like a ____6____ letter. Through those honest words, memories of a different era came flooding back — a time when community meant something deeper than casual greetings. I could almost ____7____ neighborhoods where families knew each other by name, where snow was ____8____ swept from an elder’s walk before dawn, and where parents watched not only their own children, but everyone’s. That kind of connection shouldn’t just live in memory. Now the sweet tradition continues in my own kitchen, where the feeling of ____9____ fills the air. When I bake cookies, I make some extra. When the scent of butter and sugar fills the house, I wrap the cookies in a clean cloth and carry them next door. The smile that greets me — the one that reaches his eyes — feels like a silent conversation between old friends. And in that exchange, winter feels a little less cold, reminding me that even the smallest acts of ____10____ can melt the frost around our hearts. 1. A. left B. spotted C. drafted D. completed 2. A. messy B. bright C. clear D. formal 3. A. signed B. printed C. discovered D. recognized 4. A. lessons B. tips C. exercises D. warnings 5. A. cares B. knows C. decides D. wonders 6. A. secret B. familiar C. cheerful D. precious 7. A. accept B. build C. picture D. observe 8. A. calmly B. quietly C. occasionally D. randomly 9. A. admiration B. confidence C. satisfaction D. gratitude 10. A. trust B. courage C. kindness D. gentleness 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者在寒冷早晨发现邻居老人留下冰面行车提示便条的温暖小事，引发了对过去邻里互助的温情回忆，并决定将这种善意传递下去，自己烘焙饼干与邻居分享，体现了微小善举能融化人心寒霜的主题。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我开始处理它时，我发现了一张贴在驾驶员侧车窗上的小纸条。A. left留下；B. spotted发现；C. drafted起草；D. completed完成。根据后文“a small note tucked against the driver’s side window”可知，作者在准备处理车窗冰霜时无意中“发现”了这张便条。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压在一层薄冰下面，字迹依然清晰：“这是冰，不是雪。慢启动，轻转弯，早停车。”A. messy凌乱的；B. bright明亮的；C. clear清晰的；D. formal正式的。根据前文“Pressed beneath a thin layer of ice, the handwriting remained...”和后展示的文字条内容可知，尽管被冰覆盖，但字迹没有被模糊，仍然是“清晰的”。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它上面有隔壁那位老先生的署名。A. signed署名，签名；B. printed印刷；C. discovered发现；D. recognized认出。根据后文“by the elderly gentleman next door”可知，便条有老先生落款，说明是由老先生“署名”的。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些不仅仅是驾驶建议——它们像是一个轻柔的声音在低语：“有人在乎你是否安全到达。”。A. lessons教训；B. tips提示，建议；C. exercises练习；D. warnings警告。根据前文便条内容“Slow starts, gentle turns, and early stops”可知，这是在冰面上行车的“建议”。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不仅仅是驾驶建议——它们像是一个轻柔的声音在低语：“有人在乎你是否安全到达。”A. cares在乎；B. knows知道；C. decides决定；D. wonders好奇。根据前文描述便条内容是安全驾驶提醒，以及“Those simple instructions touched me more deeply”中作者感受到的温暖和关怀，便条传达的信息是有人“在乎”他的安全。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我小心翼翼地把便条从玻璃上揭下来，像保存一封珍贵的信一样保存它。A. secret秘密的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. cheerful令人愉快的；D. precious珍贵的。根据前文“Those simple instructions touched me more deeply than any elaborate gesture could”可知，这张便条对作者意义重大，因此他将其视作“珍贵的”物品保存。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我几乎能想象出那些邻里街区，在那里，每家人都知道彼此的名字，在那里，雪总是在黎明前就被静静地扫清老人门前的走道，在那里，父母不仅要照顾自己的孩子，还要照顾所有人的孩子。A. accept接受；B. build建造；C. picture想象；D. observe观察。根据前文“memories of a different era came flooding back — a time when community meant something deeper than casual greetings.”可知，作者是在回忆和“想象”过去的邻里场景。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我几乎能想象出那些邻里街区，在那里，每家人都知道彼此的名字，在那里，雪总是在黎明前就被静静地扫清老人门前的走道，在那里，父母不仅要照顾自己的孩子，还要照顾所有人的孩子。A. calmly平静地；B. quietly安静地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. randomly随机地。根据前文描述的邻里互助的温情场景“families knew each other by name”和后文“parents watched not only their own children, but everyone’s”可知，这种帮助是出于自觉和关爱，通常是“悄悄地”进行，不求张扬。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在这种美好的传统在我自己的厨房里延续着，那里充满了感激。A. admiration钦佩；B. confidence信心；C. satisfaction满足感；D. gratitude感激。根据前文讲述邻居的善举感动了作者和后文“When I bake cookies, I make some extra. When the scent of butter and sugar fills the house, I wrap the cookies in a clean cloth and carry them next door.”描述作者烘焙饼干回馈邻居的行为可推知，这种“美好传统”的延续，其核心驱动力是作者对邻居善意的“感激”，能准确体现厨房里作者内心的情感状态和行为的动机。故选D项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那样的交流中，冬天似乎不那么冷了，提醒着我们即使是最微小的善举也能融化我们心中的寒霜。A. trust信任；B. courage勇气；C. kindness善意；D. gentleness温柔。根据全文主旨，无论是邻居留下便条的提醒，还是作者分享饼干的行为，都属于人与人之间充满关怀的“善意”举动。故选C项。 III. 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us. Here is the recipe for submission. Story Guidelines ·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. ·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say. ·Don’t try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works. ·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten! Tips about submitting The only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com. There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book. After publication If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products. After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books. 11. What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul? A. A story with an introduction. B. A story of one’s own experience. C. A story with more than 1200 words. D. A story written in the present tense. 12. What can we learn about story submission? A. You can submit your stories by email. B. A story can just be submitted to one topic. C. You can submit many stories to the same book. D. An email will be sent for a successful submission. 13. If your story is published, you will ________. A. lose its official ownership B. obtain future books in advance C. get free cases of your books D. approve of its future publication 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。一家出版商正在寻找心灵鸡汤故事，文章也介绍了递交内容、递交方法以及出版事宜。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Story Guidelines”中的第一句“Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. (讲述一个发生在你或你认识的人身上的感人故事。)”可知，关于自己和朋友的故事更有可能被《心灵鸡汤》接受。故选B项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Tips about submitting”中第二段最后一句“Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book.(此外，你可以为每本书提交的故事数量没有限制。)”可知，你可以递交许多故事给同一本书。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据“After publication”中第一段 “If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products.( 如果您的故事被选中发表，您将被要求签署我们的标准许可发布协议。这意味着你保留你的故事的所有权，但你给了我们出版它的权利，并在未来的任何书籍或我们的其他产品中再次使用它。)”可知，当你同意出版你的故事后，你也就同意了你的故事未来被出版。故选D项。 B The great elephant stands in the hot African sun. Slowly the beast lifts its head and its thick trunk delicately curls around the leaves of a nearby tree, pulling out the leaves and politely slipping them into its mouth. The beast’s great grey skin is partly broken and aged from the African sun. Some mud drops on one side from its last trip to a nearby river. Its rough hair sticks out from all over its skin and two large, white tusks curve elegantly from either side of its mouth. Somewhere a lion roars and something else gives a loud high shout. A vulture (秃鹫) drifts over far above this world, barely a black dot in the sky. The buzzing of the countless bush insects seems to collectively shift up in high tune, almost like the whole of the savanna (热带草原) was singing some song that only they knew. I peer through the lens (镜头) at this scene. The zoom lens shows almost every detail of the elephant: the three small cuts in its left ear from playing as a baby around thorn trees, the scar down its front leg where a lion caught it unaware as a young adult, and weathering on its great, valuable tusks from decades of living in this unforgiving grassland on a dusty continent. And then the elephant looks at me. It looks at me with those big, eyelashed eyes with a warmth coming outwards from a vast, hidden depth there. I can suddenly feel its soul, and feel the line of elephants that came before this one, trailing back to the very beginnings of this great savanna. We will never understand what wonders this ancient being and its kind have seen and whispered to each other across the ages on this old, sacred grassland. It looks at me, and it looks through me and sees me. The elephant knows I am there. It always did. It is not running away, nor is it fighting. It accepts and forgives. It loves. But, mostly, it just feels sad. It feels sorry for me. I cannot do this anymore. I take my eye off the sights and hand the gun back to my partner. “Let’s go home,” I said in a quiet voice, “let’s just go home.” 14. According to the first two paragraphs, which word can best describe the elephant? A. Mysterious. B. Depressed. C. Aggressive. D. Graceful. 15. When the author sees through the lens, he is . A. deeply moved and filled with sympathy B. overwhelmed by the elephant’s strength C. annoyed at the presence of other animals D. shocked and scared by the elephant’s scars 16. What does the author intend to do initially? A. Take a picture. B. Observe the elephant. C. Hunt the elephant. D. Study African grassland. 17. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature calms our anger. B. Nature purifies our souls. C. Nature heals our wounds. D. Nature enriches our imagination. 【答案】14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在非洲草原，透过镜头观察一头大象。大象在烈日下进食，其皮肤因日晒而斑驳，身上带着过往的伤痕。当大象看向作者时，作者仿佛感受到其灵魂及背后的历史传承。从大象的眼神中，作者感受到它的接纳、原谅、悲伤与怜悯。最终，作者放下手中的枪，决定回家，放弃伤害大象的行为。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Slowly the beast lifts its head and its thick trunk delicately curls around the leaves of a nearby tree, pulling out the leaves and politely slipping them into its mouth.( 它慢慢地抬起头，它粗壮的鼻子巧妙地卷曲在附近一棵树的叶子上，把叶子抽出来，礼貌地塞进嘴里)”以及第二段中“Its rough hair sticks out from all over its skin and two large, white tusks curve elegantly from either side of its mouth.( 它粗糙的毛发从皮肤上伸出来，两根巨大的白色象牙从嘴的两侧优雅地弯曲着)”可推知，根据前两段内容，大象的动作是优雅的。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“I peer through the lens (镜头) at this scene. The zoom lens shows almost every detail of the elephant: the three small cuts in its left ear from playing as a baby around thorn trees, the scar down its front leg where a lion caught it unaware as a young adult, and weathering on its great, valuable tusks from decades of living in this unforgiving grassland on a dusty continent.( 我透过镜头看这个场景。变焦镜头几乎展示了这头大象的每一个细节：它的左耳上有三个小伤口，这是它小时候在荆棘树下玩耍时留下的，它的前腿上有一个伤疤，那是它年轻时被狮子在不知道的情况下抓住的，它那又大又珍贵的象牙上有几十年生活在这片尘土飞扬的大陆上无情的草原上的风化)”以及第六段中“It looks at me with those big, eyelashed eyes with a warmth coming outwards from a vast, hidden depth there. I can suddenly feel its soul, and feel the line of elephants that came before this one, trailing back to the very beginnings of this great savanna.( 它用那双长着睫毛的大眼睛看着我，从那巨大而隐蔽的深处发出一种温暖。我能突然感受到它的灵魂，感受到在这头大象之前的大象群，一直追溯到这片大草原的起源)”可推知，当作者透过镜头看的时候，他是深深感动并充满同情。故选A项。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I take my eye off the sights and hand the gun back to my partner. “Let’s go home,” I said in a quiet voice, “let’s just go home.”(我把视线从瞄准具上移开，把枪还给了我的搭档。“我们回家吧，”我轻声说，“我们就回家吧。”)”可推知，作者最初打算猎杀大象。故选C项。 【17题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意，尤其第六段中“I can suddenly feel its soul, and feel the line of elephants that came before this one, trailing back to the very beginnings of this great savanna. We will never understand what wonders this ancient being and its kind have seen and whispered to each other across the ages on this old, sacred grassland.( 我能突然感受到它的灵魂，感受到在这头大象之前的大象群，一直追溯到这片大草原的起源。我们永远无法理解，在这片古老而神圣的草原上，这只古老的生物和它的同类在多少世纪以来看到了什么奇迹，并彼此低语着什么)”和最后一段“I take my eye off the sights and hand the gun back to my partner. “Let’s go home,” I said in a quiet voice, “let’s just go home.”(我把视线从瞄准具上移开，把枪还给了我的搭档。“我们回家吧，”我轻声说，“我们就回家吧。”)”可推知，我们能从文章中领悟到自然可以净化我们的灵魂。故选B项。 C We often think of fingerprints as the tiny arched patterns on the tip of each finger. They are regarded as special markers of human identity, even more individualized than DNA. But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person. With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change. According to Zack Y. Shan, head of the neuroimaging platform at the Thompson Institute, “The brain is a symphony orchestra (交响乐团).” Each region plays a unique instrument and adapts to work with nearby tunes at the same time. This cooperation leads to our thoughts and actions. “And no two symphonies sound exactly alike,” Shan adds. A recent study published in Sleep maps the extent of this neurodiversity through EEG snapshots (脑电图快照), which describe the sleeping brain’s electrical activity as wavy lines. Led by Michael Prerau, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, the researchers analyzed brainwave data of sleep spindles, one to two seconds evident neural activity associated with our ability to turn short-term memories into long-term memories. For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a first step to better understanding how the disorder operates and developing targeted treatments,” Manoach says. Moreover, brain fingerprints may offer inspirations that traditional therapeutic (治疗性的) observation can’t. Patients with different diseases can have similar symptoms. “That’s where neuroimaging comes into play. Brain fingerprints are windows into distinguishing between two patients who seem identical,” explains Dan Hermens, a professor of neurobiology at the Thompson Institute. In the wake of increasing reports of mental disorders, there is therapeutic promise. Brain fingerprinting could offer a potential way out of the dark chapter and provide new possibilities for the mental health crisis using best evidence-based practices to overcome it. 18. What can we learn about the brain’s “fingerprint”? A. It can track electrical signals in the brain. B. It refers to the pattern of the surface of the brain. C. It constructs an individualized map of brain structure. D. It shows the unique image of the brain’s electrical activity. 19. According to the passage, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” because________. A. recording brain fingerprints enhances memory B. brainwave data can identify specific mental illnesses C. EEG can form biological indicators for human identity D. neuroimaging prevents the development of mental disorders 20. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Sleep Fingerprints Predict Disease Occurrence B. Sleeping Brains: Ideas and Actions Controlled C. Sleep Fingerprints: Brain Identity Revealed D. Sleeping Brains Uncover Memory Codes 【答案】18. D 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。我们通常认为指纹被认为人类身份的特殊标记，甚至比DNA更加个性化。但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑具有同样不变的“指纹”，并且每个人都是独一无二的。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change.(借助现代神经影像技术，科学家可以追踪大脑的独特特征，该特征由数万个在大脑中通信的电信号组成。最终的产品是一张详细、清晰且难以改变的大脑电活动图)”可知，大脑的“指纹”显示了大脑电活动的独特图像。故选D。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease.(睡眠研究的合著者、哈佛医学院心理学教授达拉·S·马诺奇 (Dara S. Manoach) 认为，睡眠中的大脑是研究神经系统疾病记忆问题治疗的“新领域”。她指出，缺乏睡眠纺锤波活动与癫痫和阿尔茨海默病等不同的精神疾病有关。因此，研究人员比较了健康参与者和患有阿尔茨海默病的参与者两晚的睡眠记录。他们的分析表明，他们分析睡眠纺锤波的扩展方法还可以发现阿尔茨海默病的新生物指标。)”可知，缺乏睡眠纺锤波活动与癫痫和阿尔茨海默病等不同的精神疾病有关，且分析睡眠纺锤波的扩展方法还可以发现阿尔茨海默病的新生物指标，由此可推知，文章说睡眠大脑是一个“新领域”，这是因为脑电波数据可以识别特定的精神疾病，故选B。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person.(但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑拥有“指纹”，这些指纹对于每个人来说都是一样不变和独一无二的)”和第二段中“With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change.(利用现代神经影像技术，科学家可以追踪你大脑的独特信号，这些信号由成千上万的电子信号组成，在大脑中传递。最终的产品是一幅大脑电活动的图片，这是详细的，独特的，难以改变)”可知，我们通常认为指纹被认为人类身份的特殊标记，甚至比DNA更加个性化。但是新的研究表明，我们的大脑具有同样不变的“指纹”，并且每个人都是独一无二的。文章主要介绍了睡眠指纹可以揭示大脑身份，C项“睡眠指纹：揭示大脑身份”适合作文章标题，故选C。 D With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 21. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 22. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 23. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 24. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对大型语言模型（LLMs）本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. (许多人认为大型语言模型类似于个体的人类思维。其他人则提出了完全不同的概念化方式：将它们视为能够模仿许多不同角色的角色扮演者；视为像图书馆和百科全书这样的文化技术；视为人类智能的镜子……在这个多样化的比喻中，人工智能世界对如何看待大型语言模型的分歧显而易见。)”可知，第二段提到各种比喻是为了展示人们对LLMs的不同看法，即冲突的观点。故选B项。 【22题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. (但是，当我们面对使用流利的语言与我们交谈、使用第一人称代词并告诉我们它们的“感受”的人工智能系统时，我们特别容易受到这种倾向的影响。)”可知，人类倾向于将非人类的事物，包括动物、公司甚至天气都拟人化，由此可推知，划线单词“anthropomorphize”指的是“将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征或行为”，即“拟人化”，与“Humanize (使人性化)”意思相近。故选A项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” (法律学者Jacqueline Charlesworth反驳说，这个比喻是故意误导人的：“人工智能公司依赖我们对人类智力能力的自然理解以及拟人化的语言，来鼓励人们误解人工智能机器像人类一样学习和创造 —— 也就是说，它们能够进行概念性思考和从特定知识中进行概括。”)”可知，Charlesworth认为AI公司使用“LLM-as-mind”这个比喻是误导人的，她强调AI机器并不像人类一样学习和创造，由此可推知，她可能认为在受版权保护的材料上训练AI需要得到许可，而不是像被告所主张的那样是“合理使用”。故选C项。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. (人工智能研究人员仍在努力寻找合适的比喻来理解我们神秘的创造物。但是，当我们人类选择如何使用这些系统、如何研究它们，以及如何制定和应用法律法规来确保它们的安全和道德时，我们需要敏锐地意识到那些常常是无意识的比喻，这些比喻塑造了我们对其智能本质不断演变的理解。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人们对LLMs本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响，由此可推知，文章的目的是警告我们比喻化LLMs的潜在影响。故选D项。 第二节 (共5题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___25___ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____26_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____27____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ___28___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. ___29___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 【答案】25. F 26. G 27. E 28. A 29. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。 【25题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。 【26题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。 【27题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。 【28题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。 点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现 词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasons和G选项中的these reasons属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。 第II卷 (共57分) I. 选词填空 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 impress, artificial, stare, logic, locate 30. Johnsy lay in her bed and _____________ at a blank wall under her blanket. 31. The amazing acrobatic show was so _____________ that the audience cheered loudly. 32. The temperature in the greenhouse can be _____________ adjusted to fit the growth of plants. 33. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the city is rich in tourist resources because of its unique geographical _____________. 34. _____________ thinking is an important ability that allows us to analyze things clearly and avoid wrong judgments. 【答案】30. stared 31. impressive 32. artificially 33. location 34. Logical 【解析】 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：琼西躺在床上，盯着毯子下的一面空白墙壁。根据“at a blank wall”可知，这里是盯着墙壁看，动词stare意为“盯着看”，stare at是固定短语，作并列谓语，句子描述过去的动作，用一般过去时态stared。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这场精彩的杂技表演给人留下了深刻的印象，观众们大声欢呼。根据“the audience cheered loudly”可知，表演很精彩，让人印象深刻，用动词impress的形容词形式impressive作表语，意为“给人深刻印象的”。 【32题详解】 考查副词。句意：温室里的温度可以人为调节，以适应植物的生长。根据“adjusted”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词，用形容词artificial的副词形式artificially作状语，意为“人工地；人为地”。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：这座城市被山川环绕，因其独特的地理位置而拥有丰富的旅游资源。设空处单词作介词后宾语，用动词locate的名词形式location，意为“位置；地点”；geographical location“地理位置”。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：逻辑思维是一种重要的能力，它能让我们清晰地分析事物，避免错误的判断。根据“allows us to analyze things clearly and avoid wrong judgments”可知，句中谈论的是逻辑思维能力，用名词logic的形容词形式logical作定语，意为“逻辑的”；句首单词首字母大写。 II. 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers ____35____ (try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand ____36____ others are thinking about. And the article further argues that literary fiction can teach us ____37____ (value) about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest people who love reading can ____38____ (well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. 【答案】35. have tried##have been trying 36. what 37. valuables 38. better 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍研究人员多年探究阅读的魅力，指出文学小说能提升读者理解他人想法的能力，并教会人们社会行为相关道理，爱阅读的人更能换位思考。 【35题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年来，研究人员一直在试图找出阅读的魔力。根据时间状语“For many years”可知，此处可表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作，可用现在完成时，也可以表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，有可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时，主语是复数，助动词应用have。 【36题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：据《科学美国人》的一篇文章称，研究人员发现证据表明，文学小说能提高读者理解他人想法的能力。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代所想的内容，所以用连接代词what。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：文章进一步指出，文学小说能教会我们许多有关社会行为的宝贵道理，比如理解与我们自身不同的人有多么重要。此处作动词teach的宾语，需用名词valuables表示多个“宝贵道理”，所以此处为复数valuables作宾语。 【38题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这项研究结果表明，热爱阅读的人更能换位思考。此处修饰动词put，结合语境暗含对比含义，需用副词比较级形式better。 B 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, ____39____ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it ____40____ (believe) to relieve pain and discomfort associated with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, ____41____ makes it a must for those who want to improve their immune system. 【答案】39. has been used 40. is believed 41. which 【解析】 【导语】短文介绍了中药里肉桂的药用功效、属性特点以及对人体健康和免疫力的调理作用。 【39题详解】 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：在中医里，被称作“肉桂”的桂皮，数百年来一直因其药用价值而被使用。由时间状语for centuries可知用现在完成时；主语cinnamon与use之间为被动关系，故填has been used。 【40题详解】 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：它被认为是一种温性草本，能够缓解寒湿带来的疼痛与不适。固定结构be believed to do表示“被认为做某事”，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is believed。 【41题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：肉桂能够调和身体元气、提升整体健康状态，这让它成为想要提高免疫力人群的必备之物。关系代词which指代前面整句话内容，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，故填which。 C 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells. By December of 2017, Chinese scientists had created two clone monkeys, ____42____ (use) the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. This Dolly method, ____43____ (know) as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), can create more clones and allows researchers ____44____ (edit) the DNA. This achievement will help China lead the world research in that field. 【答案】42. using 43. known 44. to edit 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了中国克隆猴子的技术及成就。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：到2017年12月，中国科学家已经利用制造多利羊的相同技术，创造了两只克隆猴子。本空在句中作状语，且主语Chinese scientists与动词use之间是主动关系，要用现在分词形式using。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为体细胞核移植（SCNT）的多利方法，可以创造更多的克隆体，并允许研究人员编辑DNA。本空在句中作后置定语，修饰名词This Dolly method，know与This Dolly method之间是被动关系，要用过去分词形式known。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为体细胞核移植（SCNT）的多利方法，可以创造更多的克隆体，并允许研究人员编辑DNA。本空在句中作宾语补足语，allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，本空要用动词不定式形式to edit。 III. 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第60题、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 45. What is empathy? 46. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 48. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 【答案】45. Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 46. Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior. 47. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 48. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了戏剧对于人类而言，不仅仅是娱乐，而且也是人们建立心理技能的重要途径，因为戏剧能让人产生同理心。 【45题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions.(这是建立心理技能的重要途径——尤其是同理心，即我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。)”可知，同理心是我们分享、理解和关心他人情绪的能力。故答案为Empathy is our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it.(坐在黑暗中看戏剧可以让我们忘记自己的烦恼，把我们带入另一个人的生活和思想。我们发现，人越“沉浸”或“迷失”与戏剧，他们的信念和行为就越会被改变。)”可知，在观看现场演出时，人们会更容易忘记自己的烦恼而沉浸到角色的感情中，最终改变自己的行为。故答案为Live theater enabled audience to express more empathy for the characters onstage and change their behavior。 【47题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段“A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own.(社会心理学的一个经典发现是，与和自己不同的人反复积极地接触可以建立同理心。我们中的许多人在创造这样的邂逅方面经验太少——或者兴趣太少。戏剧提供了一个机会，让我们在不同的环境中看到与我们不同的人的经历。)”可知，戏剧能建立同理心的原因不是让我们想起以前的经历，而是戏剧给我们一些邂逅能够去体验不同的经历。所以原句中“remind us of our past experiences.(提醒我们过去的经历。)”是错的，故答案为 Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that help us see different experiences. 【48题详解】 开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为Being on the stage can built empathy as well. For instance, taking acting classed can improve students’ empathy. The same is true for experiencing more solitary art forms, such as reading. Even reading “Harry Potter” had been shown to reduce prejudice toward stigmatized groups in children. Or you can expand your empathy at home by picking up a novel. 第二节 (20分) 49. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，坦言自己对未来职业发展倍感迷茫，想要了解当下的职业发展方向，以及身为青少年该提前做好哪些相关准备。请你给他回复一封邮件，要点如下： 1. 简要介绍未来职业发展趋势； 2. 提出切实可行的准备建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m glad to receive your email. Nowadays, future careers are moving towards tech-related fields like AI and big data, and also green industries due to environmental concerns. As for what we teenagers can do, first, we should study hard to build a solid knowledge base, which is the foundation for any career. Second, it’s what we choose to learn outside school that matters. For example, if you’re interested in AI, you can join relevant clubs. What’s more, developing soft skills like communication is crucial, as it helps us work well with others in the future. I hope these suggestions can help you. If you have more questions, feel free to ask. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Jim回邮件，介绍未来职业发展趋势并针对青少年提前准备给出切实可行的建议 。 【详解】1.词汇积累 坚固的：solid → firm 基础：foundation → basis 重要的：matter → count 关键的：crucial → vital 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：What’s more, developing soft skills like communication is crucial, as it helps us work well with others in the future. 拓展句：What’s more, it is crucial to develop soft skills like communication ,for it contributes to our future teamwork and cooperation with others. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Second, it’s what we choose to learn outside school that matters. (运用了强调句式) 【高分句型2】What’s more, developing soft skills like communication is crucial, as it helps us work well with others in the future. (运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第十三中学2025~2026学年第二学期 高二英语期中测试 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页;答题纸第1页至第2页。卷面共140分，考试时间120分钟。请在答题纸指定位置书写班级、姓名、学号。考试结束后，将本试卷的答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 (共83分) Ⅰ. 听力理解 (共三节，30分) 第一节 (共4小题;每小题2分，共8分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. Where is Daisy from? A. America. B. Italy. C. Greece. 2. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation? A. Go to Paris. B. Visit her cousins. C. Start a night school. 3. Who will give the report on Friday? A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s assistant. 4. Where will the man have dinner? A. In his home. B. At his aunt’s place. C. In his grandfather’s house. 第二节 (共6小题;每小题2分，共12分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. Why can’t the man attend the event? A. Because he doesn’t know how to help. B. Because he thinks it is nothing serious. C. Because he has a family emergency to handle. 6. What will the man probably do next? A. Accept donations. B. Help out in other ways. C. Send the woman more information. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What do we know about the woman? A She’ll go to university. B. She joined the company. C. She has work experience. 8. What’s the woman most probably doing? A. Chatting online. B. Asking for advice. C. Taking an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. Where should students go if they’re interested in healthcare? A. To the School Gym. B. To No. 1 Lecture Hall. C. To No. 2 Lecture Hall. 10. Why does the speaker give this talk? A. To introduce an activity. B. To share personal experiences. C. To give advice on career choices. 第三节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Practice Self-Care Get enough 11 . ● Make sure you don’t stay up too late. ● Keep your bedroom comfortable, 12 and free of distractions. Stay fit through exercise. ● Start by understanding the many benefits of exercise. ● 13 an activity you enjoy. 14 and reduce stress. ● Identify what you have control over. ● Talk with people you 15 . II. 完形填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The true warmth of life often arrives in the simplest ways. One morning, a freezing rain had transformed my car windows into frosted glass. As I set about dealing with it, I ____1____ a small note tucked against the driver’s side window. Pressed beneath a thin layer of ice, the handwriting remained ____2____: “This is ice, not snow. Slow starts, gentle turns, and early stops.” It was ____3____ by the elderly gentleman next door. A sudden warmth cut through the morning chill, more comforting than any winter coat. Those simple instructions touched me more deeply than any elaborate gesture could. These weren’t merely driving ____4____ — they felt like a quiet voice whispering, “Someone ____5____ whether you arrive safely.” I carefully peeled the note from the glass, preserving it like a ____6____ letter. Through those honest words, memories of a different era came flooding back — a time when community meant something deeper than casual greetings. I could almost ____7____ neighborhoods where families knew each other by name, where snow was ____8____ swept from an elder’s walk before dawn, and where parents watched not only their own children, but everyone’s. That kind of connection shouldn’t just live in memory. Now the sweet tradition continues in my own kitchen, where the feeling of ____9____ fills the air. When I bake cookies, I make some extra. When the scent of butter and sugar fills the house, I wrap the cookies in a clean cloth and carry them next door. The smile that greets me — the one that reaches his eyes — feels like a silent conversation between old friends. And in that exchange, winter feels a little less cold, reminding me that even the smallest acts of ____10____ can melt the frost around our hearts. 1. A. left B. spotted C. drafted D. completed 2. A. messy B. bright C. clear D. formal 3. A. signed B. printed C. discovered D. recognized 4. A. lessons B. tips C. exercises D. warnings 5. A. cares B. knows C. decides D. wonders 6. A. secret B. familiar C. cheerful D. precious 7. A. accept B. build C. picture D. observe 8. A. calmly B. quietly C. occasionally D. randomly 9. A. admiration B. confidence C. satisfaction D. gratitude 10. A. trust B. courage C. kindness D. gentleness III. 阅读理解 (共两节，38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us. Here is the recipe for submission. Story Guidelines ·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. ·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say. ·Don’t try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works. ·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten! Tips about submitting The only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com. There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book. After publication If your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products. After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books. 11. What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul? A. A story with an introduction. B. A story of one’s own experience. C. A story with more than 1200 words. D. A story written in the present tense. 12. What can we learn about story submission? A. You can submit your stories by email. B. A story can just be submitted to one topic. C. You can submit many stories to the same book. D. An email will be sent for a successful submission. 13. If your story is published, you will ________. A. lose its official ownership B. obtain future books in advance C. get free cases of your books D. approve of its future publication B The great elephant stands in the hot African sun. Slowly the beast lifts its head and its thick trunk delicately curls around the leaves of a nearby tree, pulling out the leaves and politely slipping them into its mouth. The beast’s great grey skin is partly broken and aged from the African sun. Some mud drops on one side from its last trip to a nearby river. Its rough hair sticks out from all over its skin and two large, white tusks curve elegantly from either side of its mouth. Somewhere a lion roars and something else gives a loud high shout. A vulture (秃鹫) drifts over far above this world, barely a black dot in the sky. The buzzing of the countless bush insects seems to collectively shift up in high tune, almost like the whole of the savanna (热带草原) was singing some song that only they knew. I peer through the lens (镜头) at this scene. The zoom lens shows almost every detail of the elephant: the three small cuts in its left ear from playing as a baby around thorn trees, the scar down its front leg where a lion caught it unaware as a young adult, and weathering on its great, valuable tusks from decades of living in this unforgiving grassland on a dusty continent. And then the elephant looks at me. It looks at me with those big, eyelashed eyes with a warmth coming outwards from a vast, hidden depth there. I can suddenly feel its soul, and feel the line of elephants that came before this one, trailing back to the very beginnings of this great savanna. We will never understand what wonders this ancient being and its kind have seen and whispered to each other across the ages on this old, sacred grassland. It looks at me, and it looks through me and sees me. The elephant knows I am there. It always did. It is not running away, nor is it fighting. It accepts and forgives. It loves. But, mostly, it just feels sad. It feels sorry for me. I cannot do this anymore. I take my eye off the sights and hand the gun back to my partner. “Let’s go home,” I said in a quiet voice, “let’s just go home.” 14. According to the first two paragraphs, which word can best describe the elephant? A. Mysterious. B. Depressed. C. Aggressive. D. Graceful. 15. When the author sees through the lens, he is . A. deeply moved and filled with sympathy B. overwhelmed by the elephant’s strength C. annoyed at the presence of other animals D. shocked and scared by the elephant’s scars 16. What does the author intend to do initially? A. Take a picture. B. Observe the elephant. C. Hunt the elephant. D. Study African grassland. 17. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature calms our anger. B. Nature purifies our souls. C. Nature heals our wounds. D. Nature enriches our imagination. C We often think of fingerprints as the tiny arched patterns on the tip of each finger. They are regarded as special markers of human identity, even more individualized than DNA. But new research suggests our brains have “fingerprints” that are equally unchanging and unique to each person. With modern neuroimaging (神经影像) techniques, scientists can track your brain’s distinct signature composed of tens of thousands of electrical signals that communicate across the brain. The final product is a picture of brain’s electrical activity that is detailed, distinct and difficult to change. According to Zack Y. Shan, head of the neuroimaging platform at the Thompson Institute, “The brain is a symphony orchestra (交响乐团).” Each region plays a unique instrument and adapts to work with nearby tunes at the same time. This cooperation leads to our thoughts and actions. “And no two symphonies sound exactly alike,” Shan adds. A recent study published in Sleep maps the extent of this neurodiversity through EEG snapshots (脑电图快照), which describe the sleeping brain’s electrical activity as wavy lines. Led by Michael Prerau, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, the researchers analyzed brainwave data of sleep spindles, one to two seconds evident neural activity associated with our ability to turn short-term memories into long-term memories. For Dara S. Manoach, a co-author of the Sleep study and professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” for studying the treatment of memory problems in neurological disorders. She notes that lack of sleep spindle activities has been linked to different mental diseases like epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. So, the researchers compared two nights of sleep recordings from healthy participants to those with Alzheimer’s disease. Their analysis revealed that their broadened approach to analyzing sleep spindles also could unearth new biological indicators for Alzheimer’s disease. “It’s a first step to better understanding how the disorder operates and developing targeted treatments,” Manoach says. Moreover, brain fingerprints may offer inspirations that traditional therapeutic (治疗性的) observation can’t. Patients with different diseases can have similar symptoms. “That’s where neuroimaging comes into play. Brain fingerprints are windows into distinguishing between two patients who seem identical,” explains Dan Hermens, a professor of neurobiology at the Thompson Institute. In the wake of increasing reports of mental disorders, there is therapeutic promise. Brain fingerprinting could offer a potential way out of the dark chapter and provide new possibilities for the mental health crisis using best evidence-based practices to overcome it. 18. What can we learn about the brain’s “fingerprint”? A. It can track electrical signals in the brain. B. It refers to the pattern of the surface of the brain. C. It constructs an individualized map of brain structure. D. It shows the unique image of the brain’s electrical activity. 19. According to the passage, the sleeping brain is a “new frontier” because________. A. recording brain fingerprints enhances memory B. brainwave data can identify specific mental illnesses C. EEG can form biological indicators for human identity D. neuroimaging prevents the development of mental disorders 20. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Sleep Fingerprints Predict Disease Occurrence B. Sleeping Brains: Ideas and Actions Controlled C. Sleep Fingerprints: Brain Identity Revealed D. Sleeping Brains Uncover Memory Codes D With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 21. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 22. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 23. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 24. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. 第二节 (共5题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ___25___ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____26_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____27____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. ___28___Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. ___29___However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye. G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 第II卷 (共57分) I. 选词填空 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 impress, artificial, stare, logic, locate 30. Johnsy lay in her bed and _____________ at a blank wall under her blanket. 31. The amazing acrobatic show was so _____________ that the audience cheered loudly. 32. The temperature in the greenhouse can be _____________ adjusted to fit the growth of plants. 33. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the city is rich in tourist resources because of its unique geographical _____________. 34. _____________ thinking is an important ability that allows us to analyze things clearly and avoid wrong judgments. II. 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers ____35____ (try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand ____36____ others are thinking about. And the article further argues that literary fiction can teach us ____37____ (value) about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest people who love reading can ____38____ (well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. B 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, ____39____ (use) for centuries for its medicinal properties. It is considered a warming herb, meaning that it ____40____ (believe) to relieve pain and discomfort associated with cold and damp conditions. Cinnamon can harmonize the body’s energies and enhance overall well-being, ____41____ makes it a must for those who want to improve their immune system. C 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells. By December of 2017, Chinese scientists had created two clone monkeys, ____42____ (use) the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. This Dolly method, ____43____ (know) as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), can create more clones and allows researchers ____44____ (edit) the DNA. This achievement will help China lead the world research in that field. III. 书面表达 (共两节，32分) 第一节 (共4小题;第60题、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For many, theater is more than entertainment; it is a vital way to build psychological skills-especially empathy, or our ability to share, understand and care about others’ emotions. Research found that after watching theater, audience expressed more empathy for the characters onstage. The plays also changed behavior. Researchers gave audience members the option to donate some of their payment to charity. After seeing the plays, audience members donated more money to charity-whether or not the charity was related to the topics in the plays. Why does live theater have these effects? Sitting in the dark watching a play can make us forget our own worries and transport us into the life and mind of a different person. We found that the more people reported feeling “immersed” or “lost” in the play, the more their beliefs and behaviors were changed by it. A classic finding in social psychology is that repeated, positive encounters with people unlike ourselves can build empathy. Many of us have too few experiences-or too little interest-in creating such encounters. Theaters provide the chance to see the experiences of people who differ from us in environments unlike our own. The arts are essential to human flourishing(繁荣).As we move beyond the pandemic, we will need to focus on healing collectively and connecting better. Providing greater access to the arts-and using them to share stories across cultural and social difference-will be an important part of this path to recovery. 45. What is empathy? 46. According to the research, what effects did live theater have on audience? 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Theater can build empathy because it offers us encounters that remind us of our past experiences. 48. Besides watching live theater. what other way(s) can help to build empathy? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (20分) 49. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，坦言自己对未来职业发展倍感迷茫，想要了解当下的职业发展方向，以及身为青少年该提前做好哪些相关准备。请你给他回复一封邮件，要点如下： 1. 简要介绍未来职业发展趋势； 2. 提出切实可行的准备建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $