Unit 8 Lesson 3 课件 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Natural disasters Lesson 3 Secondary disasters 23021 学习目标 能够掌握本课时单词、短语和句型。 能够读懂文章,了解次生灾害。 能够掌握合成和派生构词法。 23021 1 Read the questions and give your answers. A What’s a secondary disaster? Give an example. B How do we get the word “secondary” from “second”? A secondary disaster happens because of another disaster. For example, a big earthquake can cause a tsunami (a secondary disaster). We add “-ary” to the end of “second”. 新课讲授 Free talk 23021 Reading Disasters are terrible. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous because they create more damages. Secondary disasters include landslides, fires, floods, and so on. Here is a serious example. On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction. Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. These waves damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In the following days, explosions occurred the plant. More than 150,000 people had to leave the area. Lots of radioactivity got into the ocean and came down from the atmosphere. The earthquake highlighted an important problem— disasters often cause a chain reaction, leading to more problems. If people do not deal with them properly, it will lead to greater disasters. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. 23021 2 Read the passage and put the sentences in order. A Radioactivity got into the ocean and atmosphere. B Explosions occurred at the plant. C The largest earthquake in Japan caused serious destruction. D Tsunami waves hit the coastal area. C D B A 23021 Thinking: What is one thing people can do to help prevent problems after a big disaster? People can prepare an emergency kit at home before a disaster happens. This kit should have water, food, a flashlight, and medicine. Having this kit ready means people have supplies and the disaster will cause less panic. 23021 1. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous because they create more damages. Language points secondary 形容词,意为“次生的” 常用搭配:secondary effects 次生影响 secondary disasters 次生灾害(如地震后的洪水、火灾) 相关词汇:second 第二 e.g. Earthquakes can cause secondary disasters like landslides. 地震可能引发滑坡之类的次生灾害。 The fire started as a secondary effect of the gas explosion. 这场火灾是煤气爆炸的次生影响。 23021 2. Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. less than 意为“少于”,后接具体数字、时间、数量等,强调“未达到某一数量”,其反义短语为more than, 意思是“超过”,相当于over。 e.g. The project will take less than a week to finish. 完成这个项目只需不到一周的时间。 There are less than 20 students in the classroom. 教室里的学生少于 20 人。 half 意为“一半的”,作形容词。half an/a +名词,意为“半个 ……”。half an hour 半个小时;half a day 半天;half an apple 半个苹果 23021 3. If people do not deal with them properly, it will lead to greater disasters. deal with“处理;处置”,deal with + 名词(问题、困难、人等),常与疑问副词how 连用。do with 意为“处理;处置”,常与疑问代词what 连用。 e.g. The teacher helped me deal with the difficult math problem. 老师帮我解决了这道数学难题。 How should I deal with these vegetables? =What should I do with these vegetables? 我应该怎么处理这些蔬菜? 23021 lead to 导致;通往 e.g. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Poor communication leads to misunderstandings. 沟通不畅会导致误解。 23021 4. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. 长难句分析:这是一个主系表结构的简单句。It是形式主语;is是系动词;everyone’s responsibility是表语。to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters动词不定式短语是真正的主语,to reduce disasters or secondary disasters 是另一个动词不定式短语,作目的状语。 23021 take action 采取行动;采取措施 take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 e.g. We should take action to protect endangered species. 我们应该采取行动保护濒危物种。 23021 Grammar focus 3 Read the sentences and pay attention to the parts in yellow. Secondary disasters include landslides, fires, floods, and so on. The earthquake highlighted an important problem. Compound words are formed when two or more words are combined. For example, land + slide = landslide, earth + quake = earthquake. Derivatives are created by adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to existing words. For example, second + -ary = secondary, harm + ful = harmful. 23021 构词法(Word formation): 合成和派生(Composition and derivation) 了解英语单词的构成规律,对我们记忆、使用单词都有帮助。合成法和派生法(加前缀、后缀)是很重要的两个英语构词方法。 23021 一、合成词 合成词由两个或两个以上的词合并而成,又称为复合词。常见的合成方式如下表: 合成方式 类别 构成方法 例词 复合名词 名词 +名词 形容词+名词 副词 + 名词 名词+动词 coastline basketball highlight blackboard outdoor outside landslide earthquake 复合代词 代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves) some (any, no)+ one (body, thing) myself yourself himself herself ourselves themselves something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody 23021 二、派生词 派生词是指在一个单词的前面或后面加一个词缀而形成的新词。常见的前缀、后缀如下表: 前缀 前缀 构成方法 例词 un- 加在某些形容词前,构成其反义词 happy adj.(幸福的)—unhappy adj.(不幸福的) important adj.(重要的)—unimportant adj.(不重要的) dis- 加在某些动词、形容词或名词前,构成其反义词 appear v.(出现)—disappear v.(消失) honest adj.(诚实的)—dishonest adj.(不诚实的) order n.(秩序)—disorder n.(紊乱) en- 加在某些名词或形容词前构成及物动词 courage n.(勇气)—encourage v. (鼓励) large adj.(大的)—enlarge v. (扩大) rich adj.(丰富的)—enrich v. (使丰富) 23021 后缀 后缀 构成方法 例词 -ment -ing -er -or -ion -tion 加在某些动词后,构成名词 develop v.(发展)—development n.(发展) meet v.(遇见)—meeting n.(会议) teach v. (教授)—teacher n.(教师) act v.(表演)—actor n.(演员) discuss v.(讨论)—discussion n.(讨论) explain v.(解释)—explanation n.(解释) -al -ful -y -ly 加在某些名词后,构成形容词 coast n.(海岸)—coastal adj.(沿海的) harm n.(伤害)—harmful adj.(有害的) wind n.(风)—windy adj.(有风的) fiend n.(朋友)—friendly adj.(友好的) 23021 后缀 后缀 构成方法 例词 -less 加在某些名词后,构成词义相反的形容词 care n.(谨慎)—careless adj.(粗心的) home n.(家)—homeless adj.(无家可归的) -ness 加在某些形容词后,构成名词 dark adj.(黑暗的)—darkness n.(黑暗) happy adj.(幸福的)—happiness n.(幸福) -ly 加在某些形容词后,构成副词 busy adj.(忙的)—busily adv.(忙地) clear adj.(清楚的)—clearly adv.(清楚地) 23021 Then circle more compound words in Activity 2. Practice Disasters are terrible. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous because they create more damages. Secondary disasters include landslides, fires, floods, and so on. Here is a serious example. On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction. Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. These waves damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In the following days, explosions occurred the plant. More than 150,000 people had to leave the area. Lots of radioactivity got into the ocean and came down from the atmosphere. The earthquake highlighted an important problem— disasters often cause a chain reaction, leading to more problems. If people do not deal with them properly, it will lead to greater disasters. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. 23021 4 Read the sentences and fill in the blanks. A The second book in the series served as a secondary source of information for my research project. (second) B I feel very _ to have escaped the earthquake, and _, all of my family members were safe, too. (luck) C Their rich imagination and _ have inspired the _ of new products. (create) lucky luckily creativity creation 23021 D Jimmy likes to use that toothbrush with cute cartoons to brush his teeth. E The _ bravely fights against the fire to protect the people. F The land, including rocks and soil, slides down from the mountain and forms a _. firefighter landslide 23021 根据句意及提示完成下列句子 1. The little girl felt _ (happy) because she lost her favorite toy. 2. It’s important to know how to ask for help _(polite). 3. We went fishing last Sunday. _(Lucky), it was sunny and warm. 4. Please type the _(tour) names on the paper. 5. After having a _(discuss), we are in agreement. unhappy politely Luckily tourists’ discussion 当堂检测 23021 6. She hurt her left leg in the school _(篮球)game. 7. _ (sudden) all the lights went off and then the rain began to beat _ (heavy) against the house. 8. Many fallen houses and trees reminded them of the heavy _ (暴风雨). 9. Ben and his family made a _(decide) to help people rebuild their home. basketball Suddenly heavily rainstorm decision 23021 Homework Review the grammar we learnt today. Preview Unit 8 Lesson 4. 23021 $