Unit4 补全短文 分层训练（基础 + 提升 + 挑战） 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

专题 02 补全短文 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 【星级难度分类说明】 基础题（★★）：占比 40%，聚焦课本核心知识，低门槛、高正确率，用于夯实基础。 提升题（★★★）：占比 40%，适度拓展词汇与句式，考查语篇理解能力，符合中考基础难度。 挑战题（★★★★）：占比 20%，增加陌生题材与长难句，用于区分学生能力，适配分层教学。 第一篇：城市水资源短缺 ★★ 基础 词汇：全部为八年级下册 Unit4 核心词汇与生活常用词，无超纲词。 句式：以主谓宾简单句、so/but引导的基础并列句为主。 逻辑：上下文过渡直接，挖空处均有明确因果、转折提示，零基础可完成。 适配：适合单元初学、课堂巩固练习。 第二篇：中国古代冬日活动 ★★ 基础 话题：中国传统文化，学生熟悉度高，理解无障碍。 结构：总分总清晰，段落按 “活动介绍” 展开，线索明确。 选项：句子简短，匹配依据直观，无隐晦逻辑。 适配：基础过关、单元小测首选题型。 第三篇：植物 “交流”（超声波）★★★ 提升 题材：科普说明文，抽象概念多于生活类文章。 词汇：出现ultrasonic、chemicals、attack等课本拓展词。 句式：含有时间状语从句、宾语从句等复合句，长度增加。 逻辑：需根据实验过程推理，挖空处需结合上下文细节判断。 适配：适合单元提升训练、期中期末备考。 第四篇：贵州花江峡谷大桥 ★★★ 提升 题材：时政热点 + 工程介绍，有一定背景信息要求。 词汇：包含infrastructure、reservoir、ethnic customs等学科拓展词汇。 句式：长难句密集，存在非谓语结构与被动语态。 逻辑：需结合 “建设 — 难度 — 意义” 脉络判断，线索跨度较大。 适配：适合中等水平学生能力拔高训练。 第五篇：南极探险生存故事 ★★★★ 挑战 题材：外国历史探险记叙文，时空线索复杂，叙事跨度大。 词汇：Antarctica、sank、floating、whaling station等低频专业词汇较多。 句式：多重从句嵌套，过去时态语境严谨，理解难度高。 逻辑：需梳理时间线、事件发展顺序，选项干扰性强，对语篇整体把握要求高。 适配：适合尖子生拓展、竞赛 / 名校选拔模拟训练。 【基础难度】 【星级难度】★★ 一、补全短文。 Can you believe Chengdu is short of water? In March 2022, the government said the city would face serious water shortage (短缺) in 2030. Some other cities in southern China, like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, are also becoming “thirsty”. 1 So why are they still short of water? As we know, populations are growing fast in these cities. 2 Each person in Chengdu has less than 600 m³ of water each year. It’s 1/4 of the country’s average (平均数). The situation in Shenzhen is worse. It’s 1/12 of the country’s average. According to the UN, it is a “real water shortage” when it’s below 500 m³. 3 Chengdu depends on Minjiang River as its main source (来源) of water. In recent years, there isn’t enough water running into the river. The change also causes less snow in the mountains. They might provide less water in the future. There are other reasons for water shortages. For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. 4 Some cities have enough rainfall, but don’t have big lakes or reservoirs (水库) to store water. The water just goes into the sea. March 22 is World Water Day. This year, the key point is “groundwater”. We can’t see groundwater. It’s under our feet. 5 About 98 percent of Earth’s fresh water is groundwater. But in many places, people pollute groundwater. A. But it plays an important role in our lives. B. Factories and farms don’t use water in right ways. C. So people and factories need more and more water. D. Climate (气候) change is making the water problem worse. E. The government said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever. F. Compared with northern areas, southern areas have more rain and are closer to more rivers and lakes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【星级难度】★★ 2、 补全短文。 Do you know how the Chinese in the past spend the winter? 1 Here are some of them. One of the most famous winter activities is the “Ice Games”, or “Bingxi” in Chinese, which is popular during the Qing Dynasty (朝代). 2 This is a sport that mixes archery with ice skating (混合射箭与滑冰). Even some emperors (皇帝) enjoy watching and joining in this game. 3 Old books tell that during the Song Dynasty, wealthy families always had parties and made beautiful snow lions at home. This artistic tradition of making snow art continues (持续) for hundreds of years. 4 In Altay, Xinjiang, some old wall paintings show people catching animals on skis over 10,000 years ago. Today, this place is famous as skiing’s (滑雪的) birthplace, drawing visitors yearly for modern skiing. So, for people in old China, winter is never boring. 5 A. Another winter activity is building snow lions. B. Also, skiing plays a key role in China’s winter history. C. Among all “Bingxi” activities, the most exciting one is “Zhuanlong Sheqiu”. D. Because of the cold weather, winter sports are not common in old times in the world. E. In old China, the Chinese always spend their long winter days in interesting and joyful ways. F. These old traditions—the fun ice games, the snow art, and the early skiing—all paint us a lively picture of winter life from long ago. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【提升难度】 【星级难度】★★★ 3、 补全短文 Plants “Talk” Scientists have known for years that plants react (反应) to sounds around them. But now some scientists have shown that plants also seem to be doing some “talking”. Professor Hadany and her team set up microphones to record tomato plants under different situations. The result showed that the plants made ultrasonic sounds (超声波). 1 As the scientists studied the sounds, they notice the regularity (规律性). Plants hardly clicked (发出咔咔声) when they had enough water. 2 When scientists cut off a stem from the plants, the plants also clicked more. 3 The result suggests that researchers may one day be able to use a plant’s sounds to find out when it is having trouble, and what trouble it is having. That could be very helpful to farmers. The other research has shown that plants also make sounds to communicate in some ways. When small animals on the plant attack (攻击) a plant, it will give a warning to its neighbors. 4 It’s a useful way for plants to protect themselves. Then here is a question: Is anything listening to the plants? Dr Hadany points out that mice who live on plants can hear the sounds. The clicks may tell them whether a plant has problems. 5 As Dr Hadany says, “Even in a quiet field, there are actually sounds that we don’t hear, and those sounds carry information. The team’s research has already changed our ideas about plants.” A. If the plant isn’t healthy, they will stay away from it. B. But as their earth got drier, they began to click. C. They can carry information about environmental conditions. D. But the clicking wasn’t the same as when the plants needed water. E. Soon, nearby plants start to make chemicals (化学物质) that don’t taste good to them. F. When the researchers changed the sounds into ones that humans could hear, they heard clicking noises. 【星级难度】★★★ 4、 补全短文 Guizhou is famous for its bridges, with nearly half of the world’s top 100 highest bridges located there, including the top three. 1 The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province officially opened to traffic in late September 2025. 2 It is also the longest bridge in the mountainous areas. The whole bridge is 2,890 meters long, painted light blue and green. And its two towers look like ancient Chinese jars (坛子), showing Guizhou’s famous Moutai liquor culture. The building of the bridge started in 2022 and it took about four years. 3 The canyon was deep, and sudden strong winds could blow at over 100 kilometers per hour, putting workers in danger. To deal with these problems, engineers used modern technologies. For example, they created an intelligent system to lift the heavy things. 4 For a long time, they have faced difficult transportation conditions. But the bridge reduces travel time between the two banks from two hours to two minutes, greatly strengthening local connections. The bridge is also a new popular tourist place. 5 For example, they can enjoy coffee in a cafe on one tower and take a helicopter (直升机) tour for sightseeing. It also offers them a chance to learn about the rich Buyi ethnic customs (少数民族的习俗). A. The process was very challenging. B. The bridge makes local people’s life easier. C. It offers special places and things to travelers. D. Many tourists come to Guizhou for delicious food. E. It is the world’s highest bridge, standing 625 meters tall. F. These bridges show China’s strong ability in building infrastructure (基础建设). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【挑战难度】 【星级难度】★★★★ 5、 补全短文 The story of Ernest Shackleton's team and his ship, the Endurance, is one of the greatest survival stories in history. In 1914, Shackleton and his 27 men sailed to Antarctica. 1 But before they could land, ice trapped (困住) their ship. For months, the Endurance floated with the ice. Later, the ice crushed (挤坏) the ship. 2 The men stayed on the ice with three small boats and a few supplies (供给). 3 When the ice melted (融化), they climbed into the boats. After seven dangerous days at sea, they reached a small island called Elephant Island. 4 So he chose five men to go with him to ask for help. They sailed a small boat 1,300 kilometers and finally reached South Georgia Island. But they landed on the wrong side. They had to walk 36 hours to find a whaling station for help. To save his men, Shackleton tried three times to go back to Elephant Island, but ice blocked his way. 5 When he arrived, all 22 men were still alive! In the end, everyone went back home safe. A. They camped on floating ice for five months. B. Shackleton knew no one would find them there. C. They wanted to cross the frozen continent (大陆) on foot. D. The weather on Elephant Island was very cold and windy. E. On November 21, 1915, the Endurance sank into the cold sea. F. On the fourth try, on August 30, 1916, he finally broke through. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【参考答案】 一、补全短文 1-5 FCDBA 二、补全短文 1-5 ECABF 三、补全短文 1-5 FBDEA 四、补全短文 1-5 FEABC 五、补全短文 1-5 CEABF 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $