Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元知识点过关练 2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材人教版）

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单元知识点过关练 一、单词拼写 词汇变形小结 1．wonder (n.奇观；v.琢磨) → ________ (adj. 极好的；绝妙的；令人惊叹的)→________ (adj. 疑惑的；好奇的) 2．measurement (n.数量；测量)→________ (v. 测量；n. 措施) 3．unusual (adj.特别的) →________ (adj.通常的) →________ (adv. 不寻常地；异常地；罕见地) 4．condition (n.状态) → 可作 v.使适应→________ (adj.附带条件的；有前提的)→conditionally (adv.附带条件地；有前提地) 5．changeable (adj.易变的) →________ (v./n. 改变) 6．death (n.死亡 ) →________ (v. 死亡) →________ (adj. 死亡的) 7．determined (adj.有决心的) →________ (v. 决定) 8．civilization (n.文明) →________ (v.使文明) →________ (adj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的) 9．development (n.发展) →________ (v. 发展) →________ (adj.发展中的)→________ (adj.发达的) 10．cubic (adj.立方的) →________ (n. 立方体) 11．climber (n. 攀登者) →________ (v./n. 攀登) 12．northern (adj.北部的) →________ (n. 北方；adj. 北方的) 13．southern (adj.南部的) →________ (n. 南方；adj. 南方的) 14．distance (n.距离) →________ (adj. 遥远的) 15．survive (v. 生存) →________ (n. 生存) →________ (n. 幸存者) →________ (adj.可存活的；能生存的) 16．measure (v.测量；n. 措施) →________ (n. 测量) 17．successfully (adv. 成功地) →________ (adj.成功的) →________ (v. 成功) →________ (n. 成功；成功的人或事) 18．risk (v./n.风险) →________ (adj.有风险的) →________  (adv. 冒险地；有风险地) 19．curiosity (n. 好奇心) →________ (adj. 好奇的) 20．ambition (n.野心) →________ (adj.有野心的) →________ (adv. 雄心勃勃地；干劲十足地) 21．explorer (n.探险者) →________ (v. 探险) 22．simply (adv.仅仅) →________ (adj.简单的) 23．located (adj.位于) →________ (v. 使位于) →________ (n. 位置；地点；场所) 24．attract (v.吸引) →________ (n. 吸引力) →________ (adj. 有吸引力的) 25．curious (adj. 好奇的) →________ (adv. 好奇地；奇怪地)→________ (n. 好奇心) 26．traveller (n. 旅行者) →________ (v./n.旅行) 27．natural (adj. 自然的) →________ (n. 自然) →________ (adv. 自然地；天生地；理所当然地) 28．include (v. 包含) →________ (n. 包含) →________ (adj. 包含的) 29．structure (n.结构/v. 构造) →________ (adj.结构的)→________ (adv.在结构上) 30．The East African Rift Valley is about ________ (4,000) miles long. 31．People still don’t know much about _________ (深海). 32．Located on the ________ (东北的) coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. 33．Sahara Desert and the Yellow River helped ancient ________ (文明) to develop. 34．Kids are always ________ (好奇的) about the world around them and keep asking questions. 35．Yangzhou is rich in ________ (自然的) and cultural resources. 36．Foshan is a beautiful city with great views and it _________ (吸引) a number of tourists every year. 37．The children are digging a big hole in the _________ (沙子) and they are playing happily. 38．The water of the Dead Sea is so salty that swimmers can’t go _________ (在水下). 39．Could you tell me something about UFOs? I’m really _________ (好奇的) about them. 40．Learning grammar well can be useful to understand the _________ (结构) of a sentence. 41．_________ (海龟) live in the water and they are good swimmers. 42．The old man has kept planting trees in the ________ (沙漠) for many years. 43．The cat likes to sit at the ________ (底部) of the stairs and wait for us. 44．The ________ (古老的) emperors built the Great Wall to protect their country. 45．Nearly 70% of the earth’s ________ (表面) is made up of water. 46．The nurse wrote down my height ________ (测量) as 165 cm. 47．Linda has a ________ (巨大) amount of knowledge on natural science. 48．The sunlight ________ (包括) seven colours—red, orange… 49．Huangguoshu ________ (瀑布) is wonderful and we want to go there again. 50．My hometown, Tianjin, is a beautiful city on the ________ (海岸). 51．We should ________ (保护) the wild animals. 52．Harbin, ________ (位于) in northeastern China, is famous for its ice-snow art. 53．With the ________ (发展) of AI, people can now do many things in a more creative way than before. 二、单项选择 54．—Sandy lives ________ the fifth floor. What about you, Amy? —My flat is ________ hers. I live on the tenth floor. A．on; above B．in; over C．on; below D．in; above 55．I live two floors ________ Sandy. From the window of my bedroom, I can see a bridge ________ the river. A．under, on B．below, over C．below, above D．under, over 56．—Nancy lives ________ the fifth floor. What about you, Amy? —My flat is ________ hers. I live on the tenth floor. A．on; above B．in; over C．on; on D．in; beside 57．— Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the Hongqiao Bridge? —Yes, Walk ________ the police station, turn right and you’ll see the big bridge ________ the river. A．pass; above B．past; above C．pass; on D．past; over 58．Turn left ________ the street corner, and then walk on to the new bridge ________ the river. A．in; above B．at; over C．at; above D．in; over 59．Drive ______ the tunnel, then you can see a river running to the east _______ the hill. A．across; under B．across; below C．through; under D．through; below 60．The sun is so bright ________ our heads but it is ________ 15℃. A．on; below B．above; under C．over; below D．over; under 61．All the classes in Grade 7 are in the same building. Our classroom is ________ the ground floor. Class 10 is two floors ________ ours. A．on; over B．in; under C．in; below D．on; above 62．—Nancy lives ________ the tenth floor. What about you, Amy? —My flat is ________ hers. I live on the fifth floor. A．on; under B．in; on C．on; below D．in; beside 63．—Is it cold________winter here? —No, it isn’t. The temperature normally stays________zero. A．in; above B．in; below C．at; over D．at; under 64．—How ________ is the lake? —It’s about 20 meters in ________, and it’s a ________ home to many fish. A．deep; deep; natural B．deeply; depth; natural C．deep; depth; natural D．deeply; deep; naturally 65．—________ is the river? —It’s about 5 meters in depth． A．How long B．How heavy C．How deep D．How much 66．—________ you ever ________ the Grand Canyon, one of the greatest natural ________ in the world? —Yes. I ________ there last summer, and I was shocked by its great ________. A．Did; visit; wonder; went; deep B．Have; visited; wonders; went; depth C．Have; visited; wonders; have been; depth D．Did; visit; wonders; went; deep 67．The victim was wounded ______ a knife and bled to _______ as a result. A．with; death B．by; die C．with; dead D．by; dying 68．The _____ man told us his past before he _____. His ______ made us sad. A．dead; dying; die B．dying; died; death C．dead; died; dying D．dead; dying; death 69．When he heard the sudden sound , he was frightened to . A．die B．dead C．dying D．death 70．The ____man told us about his past days before he_____,and his ____made us very sad. A．dead, died, dying B．dead, dying, die C．dying, died, death D．dead, dying, death 71．In the film Murder in a Country House, a doctot is found_______in the house. A．dying B．death C．dead D．die 72．—How did he ________ the terrible earthquake? —He said that rainwater helped to keep him ________. A．survive; living B．survive; alive C．survive in; living D．survive in; alive 73．The cat was thought to be dead, but luckily it was still _______ when we checked. Its _______ eyes made us feel relieved. A．living; live B．lively; alive C．alive; lively D．live; living 74．The weekly round-up, ________ what is going on in our city, will be covered ________. A．include; alive B．include; live C．including; live D．including; lively 75．--- Have you bought for Linda’s birthday? --- Not exactly. Just some flowers. A．something unusual B．anything unusual C．something strange D．anything strange 76．— I heard that something strange walked around in the street at night. — It was ________ but a big black dog. A．nothing unusual B．anything usual C．something unusual D．nothing usual 77．What does “changeable” mean in the word study example? A．Not able to change. B．Likely to change often. C．Very expensive. D．Very old. 78．He seems strict at first, but he’s very kind ________. A．on the surface B．at bottom C．in the end D．on the top 三、完成句子 79．books  read  ten thousand  miles  travel  ten thousand _____________________________________________. 80．he, good, wonder, at, if, I, English, is (连词成句) _______________________________________________. 81．we, should, do, what, help, to, protect, it (?) ________________________________________ 82．many, there, are, in, the, animals, rainforest, endangered (.) ________________________________________. 83．is, important, it, protect, to, nature (.) ________________________________________ 84．They are walking in the park. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ they doing? 85．The Nile River is longer than the Amazon River.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ is longer, the Nile River or the Amazon River? 86．I relax by reading books. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ you relax? 87．Mount K2 is the second highest mountain in the world. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is the second highest mountain in the world? 88．The lake is about 20 metres deep. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is the lake? 89．Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.（改为同义句） ________ ________ ________ ________ in the world is Lake Baikal. 90．She was too weak to keep working. (改为同义句) She was ________ weak ________ she couldn’t keep working. 91．The river is longer than any other river in the country. (改为同义句) This river is________ ________ in the country. 92．No girl is taller than Lisa in her class. (改为同义句) Lisa is ________ ________ girl in her class. 93．Don’t come unless I call you up. （改为同义句） Don’t come ________ I ________ call you up. 四、完形填空 We all know that exercise and healthy food are important for our bodies. But do you know that sleep is just as 94 ? In fact, scientists say that getting enough sleep is one of the 95 things we can do for ourselves. When we sleep, our bodies are actually very busy. Our brains use this time to 96 what we learned during the day. That is 97 students who sleep well usually do better on tests than those who stay up late studying. Sleep also gives our bodies time 98 rest, grow and repair themselves. When we are tired or hurt, good sleep can help us get well soon. For teenagers, doctors suggest eight to ten hours of sleep each night. However, many young people today do not get enough sleep. One common 99 is spending too much time on their phones before bed. The bright light from 100 can make it harder to fall asleep. What’s more, some students drink too much tea or coffee to stay 101 , which can also affect their sleep. So what should we do? First, try to go to bed at the same time every night. Second, 102 looking at your phone for at least thirty minutes before you sleep. Lastly, keep your bedroom dark and quiet. These small actions can make a big difference to your health and studies. Remember — a good night’s sleep is the best 103 ! 94．A．special B．lucky C．useful D．important 95．A．best B．worst C．highest D．deepest 96．A．store B．express C．behave D．protect 97．A．how B．why C．when D．where 98．A．at B．for C．to D．onto 99．A．reason B．dream C．purpose D．decision 100．A．deals B．screens C．stamps D．pain 101．A．safe B．calm C．alive D．awake 102．A．survive B．avoid C．record D．compare 103．A．pressure B．mistake C．medicine D．injury 五、阅读理解 It is hard to imagine a place that’s more dangerous than Death Valley. Death Valley is the hottest and the driest place in North America. Death Valley isn’t an easy place to live in. It gets less than two feet of rain a year and it’s hot, too. In July, temperature often reaches over 46℃. There is even a lake that has turned into salt crystals (晶体). But it is cold at night. When it gets cold enough, the water on the ground will turn into very thin ice. Then the strong wind — like a large hand — can move the rocks along the icy ground. That is why the rocks can “walk” on their own in Death Valley. Although the weather conditions in Death Valley is terrible, there is still filled with life. Nothing can stop plants and animals from making it their home. People have found more than 1,000 kinds of plants there. It also has 51 kinds of mammals (哺乳动物), 6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds. The animals aren’t all small, either. Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives here. Some plants have roots (根部) that go fifty feet under the ground to find water. Kangaroo rats get the water they need from flowers. Death Valley really creates a lot of surprises! 104．How much rain does Death Valley get in a year? A．Two feet. B．Fifty-one feet. C．At least two feet. D．Less than two feet. 105．What is the most difficult to find in Death Valley? A．Water. B．Food. C．Animals. D．Plants. 106．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph refer to (指代) ? A．A lake. B．Death Valley. C．The strong wind. D．The weather condition. 107．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer dislikes Death Valley B．Some animals are large in Death Valley C．The plants do not have long roots D．Rocks sometimes move in the afternoon Mountains play an important role in nature. They change the weather around them. They stop strong winds and bring rain to dry places. Many rivers start from mountain tops. Clean snow water runs down and becomes rivers. The water feeds farms, plants and people’s daily life. Mountains are homes for wild animals and special plants. Some animals only live in cold high mountains. They have strong bodies to live in bad weather. But climbing mountains also has risks. Bad weather may come suddenly. People may fall or get lost. So climbers must make enough preparations before going out. Never climb mountains alone. Follow safety rules and enjoy natural beauty safely. 108．What can mountains change? A．The weather. B．The time. C．The money. D．The history. 109．Where do many rivers start? A．From sea bottoms. B．From mountain tops. C．From lakes. D．From deserts. 110．Why do some animals live in high mountains? A．They like cold wind. B．They have strong bodies. C．There is much food. D．It’s quiet there. 111．What shouldn’t people do when climbing? A．Make preparations. B．Go alone. C．Follow rules. D．Stay safe. 112．What’s the best title? A．The Beauty and Safety of Mountains B．Animals in High Mountains C．Rivers Around Mountains D．How to Live in Mountains The world has many great natural wonders. The Grand Canyon is one of the most famous ones. It is very long and deep. The colourful rocks make it look amazing every day. Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. It stands in China and Nepal. The top is covered with snow forever. Many climbers dream to get to its top, but it is not easy. The big waterfalls also surprise people. Water runs down from high mountains and falls into deep rivers. The sound of water is loud and wonderful. Seas and lakes are great wonders too. The sea covers most parts of the earth. Deep sea has lots of unknown animals and strange sights. People keep studying nature to know more about our earth. 113．What is the Grand Canyon famous for? A．Being covered with high trees. B．Being very long and deep. C．Being famous for warm weather. D．Being home to many animals. 114．Which is the highest mountain in the world? A．The Alps. B．Mount Qomolangma. C．Huangshan Mountain. D．Taishan Mountain. 115．What’s on the top of Mount Qomolangma all year? A．Green grass. B．Snow. C．Flowers. D．Houses. 116．Why do people study the deep sea? A．To find gold. B．To know more natural secrets. C．To swim there. D．To build houses. 117．What is the passage mainly about? A．Famous natural wonders in the world. B．Different kinds of mountains. C．How to climb high mountains. D．Life in the deep sea. 六、任务型阅读 Victoria Falls Victoria Falls, known locally as “Mosi-oa-Tunya” (The Smoke That Thunders), is one of the world’s most magnificent natural wonders. It lies on the Zambezi River, forming the border (国界) between Zambia and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. Stretching (延伸) 1,708 meters wide and dropping 108 meters, it is the largest sheet of falling water on Earth. The powerful flow creates a large spray (喷雾) that rises high into the sky, visible (可见的) from kilometers away. This constant mist (水雾) nurtures (滋养) a unique rainforest ecosystem around the falls, supporting rich plant and animal life. In 1989, Victoria Falls was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (世界遗产遗址). Scottish explorer David Livingstone named it after Queen Victoria in 1855. Today, it attracts visitors worldwide, offering breathtaking views and exciting activities like bungee jumping and boat tours. Truly, it is a wonder of nature that leaves everyone in shock. 118．Where is Victoria Falls? 119．How wide and high is it? 120．What ecosystem is formed around the falls? 121．When was the fall named Victoria Falls? 122．Please use a word, a phrase or a sentence to describe Victoria Falls. 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 Antarctic Desert Antarctica is a continent (大陆) of ice. There is hardly any rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert in the world. It is also the world’s largest desert by area. Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the hottest of all the deserts on the earth. It covers most parts of North Africa, and it is similar in size to the land area of the USA．The word “sahara” in Arabic means “desert”. Arabian Desert The Arabian Desert is in Asia on the Arabian peninsula. It covers almost the entire Arabian Peninsula. The sand here has a red-orange color and the surface of the Arabian Desert is covered mainly by sand hills, some gravel plains (砾石平原) and rocky plains. Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert is in the USA．It is the driest desert on the North American continent. Death Valley, one of the hottest areas in the world, is in the Mojave Desert. Mojave comes from the Spanish word for “beside the water”. 123．Which is the driest desert in the world? (no more than 4 words) 124．What color is the sand in the Arabian Desert? (no more than 2 words) 125．What is the meaning of “Mojave” in Spanish? (no more than 4 words) 126．将划线部分句子译成汉语 127．给短文拟一个适当的英文标题 试卷第12页，共12页 试卷第6页，共13页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 题号 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 答案 A B A D B D C D C A 题号 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 答案 C C B A B D C C B C 题号 74 75 76 77 78 94 95 96 97 98 答案 C B A B B D A A B C 题号 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 答案 A B D B C D A B B A 题号 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 答案 B B B A B B B B A 1． wonderful wondering 2．measure 3． usual unusually 4．conditional 5．change 6． die dead 7．determine 8． civilize civilized 9． develop developing developed 10．cube 11．climb 12．north 13．south 14．distant 15． survival survivor survivable 16．measurement 17． successful succeed success 18． risky riskily 19．curious 20． ambitious ambitiously 21．explore 22．simple 23． locate location 24． attraction attractive 25． curiously curiosity 26．travel 27． nature naturally 28． inclusion inclusive 29． structural structurally 【解析】1．wonder (n.奇观；v.琢磨) → wonderful (adj. 极好的；绝妙的；令人惊叹的)→wondering (adj. 疑惑的；好奇的)。故填wonderful；wondering。 2．measurement (n.数量；测量)→measure (v. 测量；n. 措施)。故填measure。 3． unusual (adj.特别的) →usual (adj.通常的) →unusually (adv. 不寻常地；异常地；罕见地)。故填usual；unusually。 4．condition (n.状态) → 可作 v.使适应→conditional (adj.附带条件的；有前提的)→conditionally (adv.附带条件地；有前提地)。故填conditional。 5．changeable (adj.易变的) →change (v./n. 改变)。故填change。 6．death (n.死亡) →die (v. 死亡) →dead (adj. 死亡的)。故填die；dead。 7．determined (adj.有决心的) →determine (v. 决定)。故填determine。 8．civilization (n.文明) →civilize (v.使文明) →civilized (adj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的)。故填civilize；civilized。 9．development(n.发展) →develop (v. 发展) →developing (adj.发展中的)→developed (adj.发达的)。故填develop；developing；developed。 10．cubic (adj.立方的) →cube (n. 立方体)。故填cube。 11．climber (n. 攀登者) →climb (v./n. 攀登)。故填climb。 12．northern (adj.北部的) →north (n. 北方；adj. 北方的)。故填north。 13．southern (adj.南部的) →south (n. 南方；adj. 南方的)。故填south。 14．distance (n.距离) →distant (adj. 遥远的)。故填distant 15．survive (v. 生存) →survival (n. 生存) →survivor (n. 幸存者) →survivable (adj.可存活的；能生存的)。故填survival；survivor；survivable。 16．measure (v.测量；n. 措施) →measurement (n. 测量)。故填measurement。 17．successfully (adv. 成功地) →successful (adj.成功的) →succeed (v. 成功) →success (n. 成功；成功的人或事)。故填successful；succeed；success。 18． risk (v./n.风险) →risky (adj.有风险的) →riskily (adv. 冒险地；有风险地)。故填risky；riskily。 19． curiosity (n. 好奇心) →curious (adj. 好奇的)。故填curious。 20．ambition (n.野心) →ambitious (adj.有野心的) →ambitiously (adv. 雄心勃勃地；干劲十足地)。故填ambitious；ambitiously。 21．explorer (n.探险者) →explore (v. 探险)。故填explore。   22．simply (adv.仅仅) →simple (adj.简单的)。故填simple。 23．located (adj.位于) →locate (v. 使位于) →location (n. 位置；地点；场所)。故填locate；location。 24．attract (v.吸引) →attraction (n. 吸引力) →attractive (adj. 有吸引力的)。故依次填attraction；attractive。   25．curious (adj. 好奇的) →curiously (adv. 好奇地；奇怪地)→curiosity (n. 好奇心)。故填curiously；curiosity。 26．traveller (n. 旅行者) →travel (v./n.旅行)。故填travel。 27．natural (adj. 自然的) →nature (n. 自然) →naturally (adv. 自然地；天生地；理所当然地)。故填nature；naturally。 28． include (v. 包含) →inclusion (n. 包含) →inclusive (adj. 包含的)。故填inclusion；inclusive。 29．structure (n.结构/v. 构造) →structural (adj.结构的)→structurally (adv.在结构上)。故填structural；structurally。         30．four thousand 【详解】句意：东非大裂谷长约4000英里。four thousand“四千”，表示具体、确定的数量时，thousand前有具体数字four，必须用单数形式。 31．the deep sea 【详解】句意：人们仍然对深海了解甚少。“深海”常见的英文表达是the deep sea，在这个句子中，the在这里表示特指，指的是特定的海洋深处这一区域，所以此处填the deep sea。 32．northeastern 【详解】句意：大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最值得游览的绝佳胜地之一。空格后为名词“coast”，需要形容词作定语；表示“东北的”的形容词是northeastern，修饰名词“coast”。 33．civilizations 【详解】句意：撒哈拉沙漠和黄河帮助古代文明发展。根据中文提示可知，“文明”对应的英文是civilization，根据语境可知，此处表示多种文明，故用其复数形式civilizations。故填civilizations。 34．curious 【详解】句意：孩子们总是对周围的世界充满好奇并不断提问。根据中文提示可知，“好奇的”对应的英文是curious，是形容词，“be curious about...”是固定搭配，表示“对……好奇”，故填curious。 35．natural 【详解】句意：扬州自然资源和文化资源丰富。and连接两个并列成分，“自然的”对应的英文形容词为“natural”。在句中“natural”和“cultural”并列，共同修饰名词“resources” ，“natural resources”意为“自然资源”，符合句子语义和语法要求。 36．attracts 【详解】句意：佛山是一座风景优美的城市，每年都吸引大量游客。 句中“every year”表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句子需用一般现在时；主语“it”指代Foshan，为第三人称单数，“吸引”对应的英文单词为attract，其第三人称单数形式为attracts。故填attracts。 37．sand 【详解】句意：孩子们正在沙子里挖一个大洞，他们玩得很开心。根据中文提示可知，“沙子”对应的英文是sand，是不可数名词，此处作介词in的宾语。 38．underwater 【详解】句意：死海的水太咸了，游泳者不能潜入水中。underwater“在水下”，副词，作地点状语。 39．curious 【详解】句意：你能告诉我一些关于不明飞行物的事情吗？我确实对它们感到好奇。根据“I’m”以及汉语提示可知，此处应填形容词curious“好奇的”作表语。 40．structure 【详解】句意：学好语法有助于理解句子的结构。句中“the...of a sentence”表示“句子的结构”，空处需填名词；“结构”对应的英文单词为structure，此处用单数形式即可。故填structure。 41．Turtles 【详解】句意：海龟生活在水里，它们是优秀的游泳者。根据中文提示可知，“海龟”对应的英文是turtle，是可数名词，此处作主语，谓语是live，主语用复数表泛指，且首字母要大写。应填Turtles。 42．desert 【详解】句意：这位老人多年来一直在沙漠里植树。这里需要填表示“沙漠”的英文单词，“desert”符合题意，in the desert是固定搭配，意为“在沙漠里”。 43．bottom 【详解】句意：这只猫喜欢坐在楼梯的底部等我们。此处“the + 名词 + of”是固定结构，“底部”对应的英文名词是“bottom”，“at the bottom of”为固定搭配表示“在……的底部”，符合语法要求与语义逻辑。故填bottom。 44．ancient 【详解】句意：古代的帝王修建长城来保卫他们的国家。此处需要形容词修饰名词“emperors”，“古老的”对应的英文形容词是“ancient”，符合语法中“形容词作定语修饰名词”的要求，也契合语义逻辑。 45．surface 【详解】句意：地球表面近70%是由水构成的。此处需要名词作“earth’s”的中心词，“表面”对应的英文名词是“surface”，符合语法中“名词所有格+名词”的结构要求，也契合语义逻辑。 46．measurement 【详解】句意：护士把我的身高测量结果记录为165厘米。句中my height为名词短语，此处需要名词作宾语，表示“测量、尺寸”，measure对应的名词形式为measurement。 47．vast/huge/large 【详解】句意：琳达拥有大量的自然科学知识。vast/huge/large“巨大的”，形容词作定语。 48．includes 【详解】句意：阳光包括七种颜色——红、橙……。空处在句中位于主语The sunlight之后，作句子的谓语，需填入一个动词。根据所给汉语提示可知，对应的英文单词为include“包括”。由于该句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语The sunlight为不可数名词，视为单数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词需使用第三人称单数形式includes。 49．Waterfall 【详解】句意：黄果树瀑布太棒了，我们想再去一次。空处在句中位于专有名词Huangguoshu之后，作句子的主语，需填入一个名词。根据所给汉语提示可知，对应的英文单词为waterfall。该词在此处与Huangguoshu共同构成专有名词，首字母常大写，且空格后的谓语动词为is，符合主谓一致。 50．coast 【详解】句意：我的家乡天津是一座美丽的海滨城市。根据汉语提示“海岸”可知，需要填入一个名词。在英语中，“海岸”对应的单词是“coast”。短语“on the coast”意为“在海岸上/沿海”，符合语法和语境要求。故填coast。 51．protect 【详解】句意：我们应该保护野生动物。保护“protect”，是动词，情态动词“should”后跟动词原形。 52．located 【详解】句意：哈尔滨位于中国东北部，以冰雪艺术而闻名。“位于……”用located in…表达，是固定短语。 53．development 【详解】句意：随着人工智能的发展，人们现在可以用比以前更具创意的方式做很多事情。development“发展”，名词，the development of“……的发展”。故填development。 54．A 【详解】句意：——桑迪住在五楼。你呢，艾米？——我的公寓在她的上面。我住在十楼。 on表示在某一楼层；in通常表示在……里面，不用于表示在某一楼层，所以先排除“in; over”和“in; above”这两个选项；above表示在……上方（不一定是正上方，不接触）；below表示在……下方（不一定是正下方，不接触）；over表示在……正上方（垂直且不接触）。根据答句“I live on the tenth floor.”可知，艾米的公寓在桑迪公寓的上方，这里用above更合适，强调楼层位置关系，应填on; above 。 55．B 【详解】句意：我住在桑迪楼下两层。从卧室的窗户望去，我能看到河上有一座桥。 考查介词辨析。under在……下面，强调在正下方；on在……表面上；below在……下方，不一定是正下方；over跨越，无接触；above在……上方，不一定是正上方。根据“I live two floors”可知，“住在某人楼下几层”常用 below；第二空，根据“a bridge…the river.”可知，桥应该跨越在河上。故选B。 56．A 【详解】句意：——南希住在五楼。你呢，艾米？——我的公寓在她的上面。我住在十楼。 考查介词辨析。on在……上；above在……以上，超过；in在……里面；over在……之上；beside在……旁边。根据“the fifth floor”可知，第一空使用on，表示在五楼，根据“My flat is...hers. I live on the tenth floor.”可知，第二空使用above，表示十楼在五楼之上，且二者之间无接触。故选A。 57．D 【详解】句意：—— 对不起，你能告诉我怎么去虹桥吗？—— 是的，走过警察局，向右转，你会看到河上的大桥。 考查词义辨析。pass经过，动词；past经过，介词；above在……的上方；over越过，横跨；on在……上面。第一空格处用在动词walk的后面，要用介词past，walk past“走过，经过”，动词短语，第二空格处表示“这座桥横跨这条河”，要用介词over。故选D。 58．B 【详解】句意：在街角左转，然后走到河上的新桥上。 at表示地点用于指较小的地方。也用于门牌号码前。in表示地点用于指较大的地方。题中街角是小地点故选at。当不是表示垂直在上的上方时，当表示温度、高度以及有纵向可比标准时通常用above，表示覆盖意义时，表示横过或越过时通常用over.题目中在桥上指的是垂直在河流上方的桥上，故选over.故选B。 59．D 【详解】句意：开车穿过隧道，然后你就能看到一条河在山的下方向东流。 考查介词辨析。across强调“从物体表面横向穿过”；through强调“从物体内部空间穿过”；under强调“正下方”，且物体之间通常存在“可接触”或“上方物体可覆盖下方空间”的关联，位置距离较近；below强调“在下方，但不一定是正下方”，仅表示“位置低于某物”，无“垂直对齐”要求。第一空，空格后“the tunnel”是立体封闭空间，需用through表示“从隧道内部穿过”，排除A和B；第二空，根据“a river running to the east … the hill”可知，河与山的位置是“河在山的低处，不一定是山的正下方”，无“垂直正下方”的逻辑，因此用“below”更准确，排除C。故选D。 60．C 【详解】句意：我们头顶上的太阳如此明亮，但气温却低于15℃。 考查介词词义辨析。on在……上面，两物体接触；above在……上面，两物体不接触，不一定垂直；over在……上面，两物体不接触，强调垂直关系；below在……以下；under在……下面。由“太阳”和“头”的位置关系可排除A，表示气温在15度以下用below。故选C。 61．D 【详解】句意：七年级的所有班级都在同一幢楼里。我们的教室在一楼。十班在我们楼上两层。 考查介词辨析。on在……上，有接触面；over在……正上方；in在……里面；under在……正下面；below在……下方；above在……上方，高于。根据“the ground floor”可知，第一个空表示“在……楼”，此时应用介词on，故排除选项B和C。根据“Class 10 is two floors”和“ours”可知，此处为十班在我们楼上两层，这里并没有表明是在正上方，故应用above。故选D。 62．C 【详解】句意：——南希住在十楼。艾米，你呢？——我的公寓在她的楼下。我住在五楼。 on在……上面；in在……里面；under在……正下方；below在……下面（非正下方）；beside在……旁边。根据空后“the tenth floor”可知，在具体的楼层要用介词on；根据后文“I live on the fifth floor.”可知，五楼在十楼的下面，用below表示，故填on; below。 63．A 【详解】句意：——这里冬天冷吗？——不，不冷。气温通常保持在零度以上。 根据问句中的“winter”可知要用介词 in，in winter意为“在某个季节”，是固定搭配；根据答语中“No, it isn’t.”可知冬天不冷，气温应在零度以上，above zero 表示 “零度以上”，符合语境；below zero 表示 “零度以下”，与答句矛盾，故选A。 64．C 【详解】句意：——这个湖有多深？——它大约有20米深，并且它是许多鱼的自然家园。 deep深的；deeply深深地；depth深度；natural自然的。naturally自然地；第一空系动词后接形容词deep提问深度；第二空介词in后接名词depth；第三空修饰名词home 用形容词natural。 65．C 【详解】句意：——这条河有多深？——大约有5米深。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长；How heavy多重；How deep多深；How much多少。根据答语中的“about 5 meters in depth”可知，问句问的是这条河的“深度”。故选C。 66．B 【详解】句意：——你曾经参观过世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一大峡谷吗？——是的。我去年夏天去过那里，我被它的巨大深度震惊了。 第一、二空，根据标志词“ever”可知句子用现在完成时，结构为“Have/Has + 过去分词”，主语是you，助动词用Have，visit 用过去分词visited，排除A、D；第三空，“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”，表示“最……之一”，wonder需用复数wonders；第四空，根据时间状语“last summer’’可知句子用一般过去时，go的过去式为went，排除 C；第五空，形容词great修饰名词，deep是形容词，depth是名词，故选depth。 67．A 【详解】试题分析：句意：受害者被刀刺伤，流血致死。With 表示工具、手段，结合句意，故选A 考点：考查介词及名词的用法。 68．B 【详解】句意：那个即将死去的人临死前告诉了我们他的过去。他的死使我们伤心。dead形容词，死的；dying即将死去的；die动词，死；death名词，死。第一个空是即将死去的，用dying；第二个空是一般过去时态，用die的过去式died；第三个空是名词用death。根据题意，故选B。 69．D 【详解】句意：当他听到突然的声音，他吓死了。A. die死，动词；B. dead死的，形容词；C. dying死，现在分词；D. death死，名词。to到，介词，结合句意可知选D。 70．C 【详解】句意：这个快死的人在他死之前告诉我们他过去的日子，他的死使我们非常的伤心。die死，是一个动词，过去式是died，dying是现在分词形式，表示快要死的；dead死的，是一个形容词；death死，是名词形式。第一个空是定语，修饰man，并且表示快要死的，故用dying；第二个空是before引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，故用died；第三个空前有his，故填名词death，选C。 71．C 【详解】句意：在一个乡村房子里的电影谋杀案中，一个医生被发现死在了房子里。考查形容词辨析题。A. dying死亡，die的现在分词形式；B. death死亡，名词；C. dead死去的，形容词；D. die死亡，终止性动词。本句空白处表示主语a doctor的状态，根据句意语境，可知选C。 点睛：正确解答本题的关键是辨析词性，需要考生分清终止性的“死亡”（如die）和表示“死亡状态”的dead（形容词）。 72．B 【详解】句意：——他是如何在可怕的地震中幸存下来的？——他说雨水帮助他活了下来。 survive幸存；living活着的；alive活着的；survive in在……中幸存。根据“the terrible earthquake”可知，survive可直接接灾难类名词，不需要加in；第二空keep alive为固定搭配，表示“使保持活着”，living一般不作keep的宾语补足语，应填survive; alive。 73．C 【详解】句意：那只猫被认为死了，但幸运的是，当我们检查时它仍然活着。它那双活泼的眼睛让我们感到宽慰。 考查形容词辨析。living活着的，常作定语；live活的，常作定语，或指现场直播；lively活泼的；alive活着的，常作表语；根据句意第一空表示活着的，作表语，用alive；第二空修饰名词eyes，表示活泼的、有生气的，用lively。故选C。 74．C 【详解】句意：每周综述，包括我们城市里发生的事情，将被现场报道。 考查词义辨析。include包括，是动词；including包括，是介词；alive活着的；live现场直播地；lively活泼的。根据“The weekly round-up, ... will be covered”可知，句子已有谓语动词will be covered，因此空一处用介词including；空二处修饰动词covered，用副词live，表示被现场报道。故选C。 75．B 【详解】句意：——你为琳达的生日买过不寻常的东西吗？——没有，就是一些花。 考查不定代词。A项，一些特别的东西；B项，一些特别的东西（否定句或疑问句中）；C项，一些奇怪的东西；D项，一些奇怪的东西（否定句或疑问句中）。根据原句是疑问句可知，不定代词用anything，根据回答Not exactly. Just some flowers.可知，并没有给琳达买过不寻常的东西，所以此处用形容词unusual，所以此处是anything unusual。故选B。 76．A 【详解】句意：——我听说晚上有奇怪的东西在街上走动。——除了一条大黑狗，没什么不寻常的。 考查不定代词。nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某事，某物。usual通常的；unusual不寻常的。根据“but a big black dog.” 可知，此处除了大黑狗意外，没什么不寻常的。故选A。 77．B 【详解】句意：在单词学习例子中“changeable”是什么意思？ Not able to change不能改变；Likely to change often经常容易改变的；Very expensive非常昂贵；Very old非常老的。changeable由动词change改变加后缀-able“能……的；易……的”构成，意为“易变的；可改变的”。选项B的描述符合该词义。 78．B 【详解】句意：他起初看起来很严格，但实际上他内心非常善良。 考查短语辨析。on the surface表面上；at bottom实际上，本质上；in the end最终；on the top在顶部。根据“He seems strict at first, but he’s very kind…”可知，前后为转折关系，强调他外表严格但内心善良，因此应选表示“实际上/本质上”的短语。故选B。 79．Read ten thousand books; travel ten thousand miles 【详解】根据标点及所给词汇可知，此处想表达“读万卷书，行万里路”，是由两个并列祈使句构成的谚语。Read作谓语，ten thousand books作宾语，构成祈使句“Read ten thousand books”；travel作谓语，ten thousand miles作宾语，构成祈使句“travel ten thousand miles”。两句并列，中间用分号隔开，构成完整句子。 80．I wonder if he is good at English. 【详解】根据所给词语及标点符号可知，句子为陈述句：I wonder if he is good at English.“我想知道他是否擅长英语。”其中I作主语；wonder作主句谓语；if引导宾语从句；he作从句主语；is good at为固定搭配，意为“擅长……”；English 作介词宾语。 81．What should we do to help protect it? 【详解】分析所给词及标点，本句是特殊疑问句，询问“我们应该做些什么来保护它”。疑问词What位于句首且大写，后接一般疑问句语序，情态动词should后接主语we，实义动词do作谓语核心，to help protect it是目的状语，表示“来保护它”。 82．There are many endangered animals in the rainforest 【详解】根据所给词可知，该句为陈述句。结构为：There be + 主语 + 地点状语。There are（有）是存在句的谓语部分，animals（动物）作主语，many（许多）作定语修饰animals，endangered（濒危的）作定语也修饰animals，in the rainforest（在雨林里）作地点状语。故填There are many endangered animals in the rainforest.“雨林里有许多濒危动物。” 83．It is important to protect nature. 【详解】句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的”，It作形式主语接系动词is，形容词important作表语，真正主语是不定式短语to protect nature“保护自然”。 84． What are 【详解】句意：他们正在公园里散步。画线部分是动作，提问“做什么”用what；原句是现在进行时，主语they搭配are，提到主语前，故填What；are。 85． Which river 【详解】句意：尼罗河比亚马逊河更长。划线部分为“The Nile River”，此处对两者中哪一条河更长进行提问，应用“which river”来询问哪条河流。原句谓语动词是is，疑问句中将“which river”与“is”连用，放在句首，故填Which；river。 86． How do 【详解】句意：我通过看书来放松。→你怎样放松？对方式“by reading books”提问用疑问词How；原句是一般现在时，主语为you，助动词用do。 87． Which mountain 【详解】句意：乔戈里峰是世界上第二高的山峰。划线部分“Mount K2”为乔戈里峰，为具体山峰的名称，对已知范围内的特定选择应用“which+名词”提问，引导特殊疑问句，且句首首字母大写。故填Which；mountain。 88． How deep 【详解】句意：这个湖大约20米深。划线部分是“about 20 metres deep”，这里是对深度提问，用特殊疑问词How deep。 89． The deepest freshwater lake 【详解】句意：贝加尔湖是世界上最深的淡水湖。原句的主语是“Lake Baikal”，而改写后的句子将“Lake Baikal”放在了句末作表语。转换为：世界上最深的淡水湖是贝加尔湖。原句的表语是“the deepest freshwater lake”，将其提前即可构成同义句，首字母大写。故填The；deepest；freshwater；lake。 90． so that 【详解】句意：她太虚弱了，无法继续工作。原句中“too ... to”表示“太……而不能……”，等同于so ... that引导的结果状语从句。 91． the longest 【详解】句意：这条河比这个国家里其他任何一条河都长。改为同义句，需将“比较级 + than any other + 名词复数”结构转换为最高级形式。需使用形容词最高级longest，且形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。 92． the tallest 【详解】句意：在她班里，没有女孩比Lisa高。改为同义句，需将原句转换为“Lisa是班里最高的女孩”，改写时需使用形容词最高级形式tallest，且形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。 93． if don’t 【详解】句意：除非我给你打电话，否则别来。“unless”（除非）引导条件状语从句，同义替换常用if...not（如果不），后接从句，时态与原句保持一致。故填if；don’t。 94．D 95．A 96．A 97．B 98．C 99．A 100．B 101．D 102．B 103．C 【导语】本文讲述睡眠和运动、健康饮食同样重要，充足睡眠利于大脑记忆、身体修复，并建议大家养成规律作息、远离手机等好习惯。 94．句意：但你知道睡眠也同样重要吗？ 前文提到运动和健康饮食对身体重要，此处用“just as”呼应，important“重要的”符合“睡眠与前两者同等重要”的语境。special“特别的”、lucky“幸运的”、useful“有用的”均不如“important”贴合“同等重要”的逻辑。 95．句意：事实上，科学家说充足的睡眠是我们能为自己做的最好的事情之一。 结合“充足睡眠的价值”，best“最好的”符合“对自身有益的行为”的评价。worst“最坏的”、highest“最高的”、deepest“最深的”均不符合“积极评价”的语境。 96．句意：我们的大脑利用这段时间储存白天学到的东西。 大脑在睡眠时会处理并储存信息，store“储存”符合“记忆巩固”的功能。express“表达”、behave“表现”、protect“保护”均不符合“大脑处理知识”的逻辑。 97．句意：这就是为什么睡眠好的学生通常比熬夜学习的学生考试成绩更好。 前文解释大脑储存知识，此处用“why”引出结果，符合“因果关系”。how“如何”、when“何时”、where“哪里”均不符合“解释原因”的逻辑。 98．句意：睡眠也给我们的身体时间休息、生长和自我修复。 “time to do sth”（做某事的时间）是固定搭配，to符合“休息、生长、修复”的动作目的。at“在”、for“为了”、onto“到……上”均不符合此结构。 99．句意：一个常见的原因是睡前花太多时间在手机上。 前文提到“年轻人睡眠不足”，此处解释原因，reason“原因”符合“说明睡眠不足的因素”。dream“梦想”、purpose“目的”、decision“决定”均不符合“解释原因”的语境。 100．句意：屏幕发出的强光会让人更难入睡。 手机的屏幕会发出强光，screens“屏幕”符合“手机的发光部分”。deals“交易”、stamps“邮票”、pain“疼痛”均不符合“手机强光”的描述。 101．句意：此外，一些学生喝太多茶或咖啡来保持清醒，这也会影响他们的睡眠。 茶和咖啡含咖啡因，能让人保持清醒，awake“清醒的”符合“提神”的目的。safe“安全的”、calm“冷静的”、alive“活着的”均不符合“提神”的语境。 102．句意：第二，睡前至少三十分钟避免看手机。 结合“减少手机对睡眠的影响”，avoid“避免”符合“不看手机”的建议。survive“幸存”、record“记录”、compare“比较”均不符合“避免看手机”的动作。 103．句意：记住——一夜好眠是最好的药！ 结合“好睡眠对健康的益处”，medicine“药”符合“睡眠的治愈作用”。pressure“压力”、mistake“错误”、injury“伤害”均不符合“睡眠的积极作用”的语境。 104．D 105．A 106．B 107．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了死亡谷是北美最热最干旱的地方，气候恶劣，但仍有多种动植物生存，岩石甚至因风而“行走”，充满惊奇。 104．第二段第一句明确写道“It gets less than two feet of rain a year”，因此选 Less than two feet。 105．最后一段第一句说“Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives here”，因此最困难的是找到水。 106．第三段中“Nothing can stop plants and animals from making it their home.” 前文一直在描述死亡谷的地理和气候，因此“it”指代 Death Valley。 107．第三段最后一句“The animals aren’t all small, either.” 暗示并非所有动物都小，即有些动物体型较大。 108．A 109．B 110．B 111．B 112．A 【导语】本文介绍山脉对自然与人类的重要作用，同时说明登山存在风险及相关安全注意事项。 108．第一段点明：“They change the weather around them”，表明山脉可以改变周边的天气。 109．第一段陈述：“Many rivers start from mountain tops”，说明很多河流发源于山顶。 110．第一段介绍：“They have strong bodies to live in bad weather”，说明这类动物拥有强健体魄，能适应高山恶劣环境。 111．第二段说明：“Never climb mountains alone”，可知登山时不应该单独前往。 112．通读全文可知，文章既介绍山脉的价值与自然之美，又讲述登山的风险和安全规则，A项“The Beauty and Safety of Mountains”可以完整涵盖两部分内容。 113．B 114．B 115．B 116．B 117．A 【导语】本文介绍了世界各地知名自然奇观，包含大峡谷、珠穆朗玛峰、瀑布及海洋湖泊等景观。 113．第一段介绍：“The Grand Canyon is one of the most famous ones. It is very long and deep.”，说明大峡谷以狭长幽深闻名。 114．第二段说明：“Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world”，指出珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。 115．第二段描述：“The top is covered with snow forever”，表明珠峰山顶终年被积雪覆盖。 116．第三段说明：“People keep studying nature to know more about our earth”，人们研究深海是为了解更多自然奥秘、探索地球未知之处。 117．通读全文可知，文章依次介绍峡谷、高峰、瀑布、江海湖泊等多处世界级自然奇观，整体围绕世界著名自然奇观展开。 118．It lies on the Zambezi River,  between Zambia and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. 119．It is 1,708 meters wide and 108 meters high. /Stretching 1,708 meters wide and dropping 108 meters. 120．A unique rainforest ecosystem. 121．In 1855. 122．Breathtaking./A masterpiece of nature/It is one of the world’s most magnificent natural wonders. 【导语】本文介绍了位于赞比亚和津巴布韦之间的维多利亚瀑布，详细介绍了它的规模、生态系统和参观价值。 118．根据文章第一段“It lies on the Zambezi River, forming the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe in southern Africa.”，可知，维多利亚瀑布位于赞比西河流域，在非洲南部的赞比亚和津巴布韦之间。 119．根据“Stretching 1,708 meters wide and dropping 108 meters, it is the largest sheet of falling water on Earth. ”可知，维多利亚瀑布1708米宽，垂直高度108米。 120．根据“This constant mist nurtures a unique rainforest ecosystem around the falls, supporting rich plant and animal life.”可知，其持续的水雾滋养着独特的雨林生态系统。 121．根据“Scottish explorer David Livingstone named it after Queen Victoria in 1855.”可知，苏格兰探险家大卫·利文斯通在1855年将其命名为维多利亚瀑布。 122．本题为开放式问题，根据文意，可从多角度出发，例如，它的规模，生态，景色等，只要能描述出维多利亚瀑布的特点即可。 123．The Antarctic Desert. 124．Red-orange. 125．Beside the water. 126．它和美国的陆地面积差不多大 127．Deserts in the world. 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上几个著名的沙漠，包括南极沙漠、撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯沙漠和莫哈韦沙漠，分别描述了它们各自的特点。 123．第一段“There is hardly any rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert in the world.”可知，南极沙漠是世界上最干燥的沙漠，答案是原文直接信息。 124．第三段“The sand here has a red-orange color”中可直接提取，阿拉伯沙漠是橘红色。 125．最后一段“Mojave comes from the Spanish word for ‘beside the water’.”可知，“Mojave”在西班牙语中的意思是“beside the water”，答案是原文直接信息。 126．“it”指代撒哈拉沙漠，“is similar in size to”表示“与……在大小上相似”，“the land area of the USA”表示“美国的陆地面积”，所以整句翻译为“它和美国的陆地面积差不多大”。 127．文章主要围绕世界上的几个沙漠展开，介绍了它们各自的特点，所以标题可以拟为“Deserts in the world”，这个标题能够概括文章的主要内容。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $