Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section B 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section B How do we show respect to other cultures？知识点 一、单元词汇 单词 Section B 1. n. 习俗 2. n. 场合，重大活动 3. adv. 漂亮地，令人愉快地 4. n. 女士衬衫或短上衣 5. adj. 私人的，不喜欢谈论私事的 6. conj.是否 7. adj.已婚的，结婚的 8. adj.不安全的，危险的 9. adj. 不合适的 10. adj. 非正式的 11. n. 牛仔裤 12. v.结婚，嫁，娶 13. v.祝贺 14. n. 亚洲人 adj.亚洲的 15. n.传统 16. adv. 第一，首先 17. adv. 第二，其次 18. adv. 第三 19. adv.正确地，得体地 20. v. 收到 21. n. 结束写信 22. adj. 主要的 23. adj. 错误的，不真实的 24. n. 欢呼 v.庆祝 25. interj. 再见，干杯 短语 Section B 1. 到达时间 2. 安全的谈话话题 3. 得到...的消息 4. 与...分享/分担... 5. 参加我朋友的聚会 6. 在...的开始 7. 帮助很大 8. 最后但同样重要的是 9. 与别人相处 10. 向某人解释 11. 指向，指着 12. 刚才，刚刚 13. 起初，一开始 14. 迫不及待做某事 15. 正确的拿筷子 16. 正文 17. 四十多岁 18 担心，担忧 19. 期盼，盼望 二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲 Section B 【考点1】Third,you should always try to dress for the occasion. 【解析】 occasion的用法： 1.作名词 ①某次，...的时候 指某件事情发生的那个具体时刻，可数名词。 I met him on several occasions.我有好几次都遇见了他。 On that/this occasion 那次，这次 ②特殊场合，重大活动，可数名词，指一个发生特殊事件的时间，比如婚礼、庆典等。 I bought a new dress for the occasion.我为这个场合买了一条新裙子。 ③适当机会，时机，指某个合适的或特定的时刻，常与介词 for 连用。 This is not an occasion for laughter.现在不是笑的时候。 ④原因；理由 比较正式的说法，指某事发生的原因。 The birthday party was the occasion for a family reunion.这次生日派对是一次家庭团聚的缘由。 2.作动词，引起，使发生 The problem occasioned us a lot of inconvenience. 这个问题给我们带来了很多不便。 3.常见搭配： ①on occasion(s) 偶尔，有时，相当于 "sometimes" 或 "occasionally"。 He visits the city on occasion.他偶尔会拜访这座城市。 ②on the occasion of 在...之际，表示为了庆祝或纪念某事。 This dinner is held on the occasion of the company's 50th anniversary. 这场晚宴是为庆祝公司成立50周年而举行的。 4.occasional（形容词，意为 “偶尔的；偶然的，”）， occasional visits（偶尔的拜访） 【考点2】Many French people are quite private. 【解析】 private的用法： ①私有的，私用的，自用的 强调属于特定个人，而非国家、组织或公众。 This is a private conversation; could you give us some space?这是私人谈话，你能给我们点空间吗？ ②私密的，保密的，强调不愿或不应为外人所知的。 She's a very private person and doesn't like talking about her family.她是个非常注重隐私的人，不喜欢谈论她的家庭。 ③私营的，私立的，与“国营的”或“公立的”相对。 He works for a private company, not the government.他在一家私营公司工作，不是为政府。 常见搭配： in private私下地，秘密地 The manager wants to see you in private. 经理想私下见你。 单词变形： 名词形式：privacy 隐私，隐秘 Everyone has the right to privacy. 每个人都有隐私权。 【考点3】They don’t like it when others ask them about their age,their family,whether they are married, or how much money they make. 【解析】 1.whether 的用法：连词，是否。if 也有“是否”的意思，注意只能用whether，不能用if.的情况。 ①引导宾语从句，常放于动词：know, ask, wonder, decide, see, understand, doubt 等后面，可用if。 I don't know whether he will come.我不知道他是否会来。 She asked whether I needed help.她问我是否需要帮助。 ②可与or not 连用，whether 可直接接 or not（中间无需间隔），也可放在从句末尾。而if 不能直接跟着 or not（需说 if...or not，不能说 if or not）。 正确：I wonder whether or not she will come. 直接跟 or not 正确：I wonder whether she will come or not. 在从句末尾 正确：I wonder if she will come or not. 在从句末尾 错误：I wonder if or not she will come. ③.引导动词不定式（whether to do），if 不能跟动词不定式。 正确：We are discussing whether to accept the offer.我们正在讨论是否接受这个提议。 错误：They discussed if to start early. ④介词后只能用 whether：若从句前有介词（如 about, of, on 等），只能用 whether 引导，不能用 if。 正确：We talked about whether we should help him.我们讨论了是否应该帮助他。 错误：We talked about if we should help him. ⑤若 “是否” 引导的从句放在句首作主语，只能用 whether，不能用 if。 正确：Whether he passes the exam is important.他是否通过考试很重要。 错误：If he passes the exam is important. 辨析口诀： “是否” 从句用 whether/if， 句首、介词后、不定式，只选 whether； or not 连用也可以，if 需分开， whether 直连。 小技巧：当你不确定用 if 还是 whether 时，优先选择 whether。 2.marry的用法，作动词，结婚，嫁人，娶 过去式：married 过去分词：married 现在分词：marrying 第三人称单数形式：marries 名词形式：marriage 婚姻 ①及物动词，与某人结婚marry sb. 后面不需要加to或者with She married a doctor. 她嫁给了一位医生。 ②使结婚，把...嫁给... marry sb.to sb. The old man married his daughter to a teacher.老人把女儿嫁给了一位老师。 ③常见搭配：be married与get married的区分： be married （表状态），指已婚这种状态； get married（表动作）指结婚的动作。 ①get married to sb （注意：这里用介词 to）；get married （后面无指定对象） They are getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。 She got married to her childhood friend. 她和她儿时的朋友结婚了。 ②be married to sb （注意：这里用介词 to）；be married （后面无指定对象） They have been married for ten years. 他们已经结婚十年了。 She is married to a famous actor. 她嫁给了一位著名演员。 【考点4】Why does Nancy ask Diana to speak French whenever possible？ 【解析】 French 作形容词，法国的，法语的，法国人的 French food（法国食物）、French culture（法国文化）、French class（法语课） 作名词，法语 in French 用法语 单词变形： France 法国 in France（在法国） 男性：Frenchman → Frenchmen（不规则变化，man 变 men）； 女性：Frenchwoman → Frenchwomen（同理，woman 变 women）； 统称 “法国人” 的简洁表达可直接用 “the French”（复数概念，不用加 s），表示 “法国人们”，比 “Frenchmen and Frenchwomen” 更简洁。 【考点5】 Getting along with others 【解析】 get along with的用法： 同义短语：get on with ①get along with sb.与…… 相处融洽；和…… 合得来 常见搭配：get along well with sb.（与某人相处得好） get along badly with sb.（与某人相处得差） get along with sb. very well（与某人非常合得来） Do you get along with your new teacher?你和你的新老师合得来吗？ ②get along with sth.（某事）进展；进行如何 get along well with sth.（某事进展顺利） How are you getting along with your English study?你的英语学习进展如何？ He is getting along well with his homework.他的作业进展得很顺利。 【考点6】形容词的否定前缀：un-，in- 和im- 【解析】三个前缀核心含义均为 “不、无、非”，可将原词转化为反义词。 前缀 un- im- in- 含义 不、无、非（表否定） 不、无、非（表否定，in- 的变体） 不、无、非（表否定） 适 用 词 性 1. 形容词（最常用） 2. 副词 3. 少数动词（初中重点记形容词 / 副词） 仅修饰 形容词（in- 的变体，避免发音重复） 形容词（最常用） 2. 少数名词（初中不要求） 搭 配 规 则 无字母限制，可加在大多数形容词、副词前 仅加在以 p/b/m 开头的形容词前 加在以 c/r/t/v/act- 等开头的形容词前（非 p/b/m 开头，避免与 im- 冲突） 例词 happy → unhappy不高兴的 usual → unusual不寻常的 fair → unfair不公平的 kind → unkind不友好的 lucky → unlucky不幸的 healthy → unhealthy不健康的 comfortable→uncomfortable不舒服的 easily → uneasily不安地 safe →unsafe不安全的 friendly→unfriendly不友好的 lock → unlock（解锁，动词） possible→impossible（不可能的） polite → impolite（不礼貌的） patient → impatient（不耐烦的） proper → improper（不合适的） balanced → imbalanced（不平衡的，了解） perfect→imperfect （不完美的） correct → incorrect（不正确的） active → inactive（不活跃的） dependent → independent（独立的，= 不依赖的） direct → indirect（间接的）formal → informal（非正式的） responsible→ irresponsible（不负责任的） visible → invisible（看不见的，了解） 【考点7】It is to point at people in many countries. point的用法： 作名词， ①观点，论点，见解 He made a good point about protecting the environment.他关于环保提出了一个好观点。 ②意图，目的 What's the point of this meeting? 这次会议的目的是什么？ ③点，小数点 two point six 2.6 ④分数，得分 She got 95 points in the math exam.她数学考了 95 分。 ⑤尖端，尖头 the point of a needle (针尖) a pencil point (铅笔头) ⑥ 地点；位置 a meeting point（集合点） starting point（起点） 作动词 ①（用手指头或者物体） 指 指向 瞄准 She pointed at the map and showed me the way.她指着地图给我指路。 ②指出，指明 She pointed out the mistake I made. 她指出了我犯的错误。 辨析：point to，point at，point out 短语 point to point at point out 含义 指向（强调方向 / 远距离） 指着（强调近距离 / 针对性） 指出；指明（强调提醒他人注意某事 / 错误 / 事实） 指向特点 远距离指向； 仅表 “方向”，不强调具体对象 近距离指向； 特指某一对象（人 / 物） 不侧重 “指向动作”，侧重 “告知、提醒” 的结果 情感色彩 中性，无褒贬 可含轻微指责 / 不满（指人时）；中性（指物时） 中性，侧重 “帮助他人注意”，无指责意味 搭配结构 point to + sb./sth.（接人 / 物，无从句） point at + sb./sth.（接人 / 物，无从句） 1. point out + sth.（指出某事 / 错误）2. point out + that 从句（指出……）3. point out to sb. + sth./that 从句（向某人指出……） 例句 1.The compass points to the north.（指南针指向北方。） 2. She pointed to the building in the distance.（她指向远处的那栋楼。） 1. He pointed at the boy who was talking loudly.（他指着那个大声说话的男孩。）（含指责） 2. My mom pointed at the clock and said it’s late.（妈妈指着时钟说很晚了。）（中性） 1. The teacher pointed out my spelling mistake.（老师指出了我的拼写错误。） 2. Can you point out the key points of the text?（你能指出课文的重点吗？） 总结 表 “方向 / 远距离指向”→ 用 point to； 表 “近距离特指 / 指人（可能含指责） ”→ 用 point at； 表 “指出错误 / 重点 / 事实”→ 用 point out（可接从句或 to sb.）。 【考点8】I was confusing/confused at first，but Mr Thompson explained them to me. 【解析】 explain 的用法： 作动词，过去式: explained 现在分词：explaining 解释，说明，讲解  Can you explain this grammar rule? 你能解释一下这条语法规则吗？ The guide explained how the machine works.向导解释了这台机器是如何工作的。 常见搭配： explain (sth) to sb. 向某人解释（某事） Please explain the rules to me. 请向我解释一下规则。 She explained to us how to use the new app. 她向我们说明了如何使用这款新应用。 名词形式：explanation，解释，说明 Can you give me an explanation for your behavior? 你能为你的行为给我一个解释吗？ 【考点9】I can’t wait to congratulate them. 【解析】 1.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待要做某事；等不及做某事 She can’t wait to open her birthday presents.她等不及要打开她的生日礼物了。 2.congratulate 的用法： （1）作动词，祝贺，向...道贺 过去式：congratulated 现在分词：congratulating congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.（因某事祝贺某人） I congratulate you on your good grades. 我祝贺你取得好成绩。 He congratulated me on winning the competition.他祝贺我赢得了比赛。 （2）名词形式：congratulation，常用复数形式：congratulations Congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 因某事祝贺某人 Congratulations to all the winners! 祝贺所有的获胜者！ 【考点10】There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks 【解析】 tradition的用法 1.作名词，传统 （1）当指具体的某一项传统习俗时，是可数名词，复数形式：traditions One of our company's traditions is to hold an annual dinner at the end of the year.我们公司的传统之一是在年底举办年会。 （2）当泛指“传统”这个概念时，不可数名词 Tradition is very important in their culture.传统在他们的文化中非常重要。 2.单词变形： 形容词形式：traditional 传统的，惯例的 We cooked a traditional English breakfast.我们做了一顿传统的英式早餐。 副词形式：：traditionally 传统上；照惯例 This dish is traditionally served with rice.这道菜传统上是配米饭吃的。 【考点11】person receiving the email. 【解析】 作动词，收到，获得 过去式：received 现在分词：receiving He received a phone call from the manager. 他接到了经理打来的电话。 She received a good education. 她接受了良好的教育。 辨析：receive 与 accept的区分： 单 词 receive accept 含义 客观 “收到”（不涉及主观态度） 主观 “接受”（愿意收下 / 同意） 动作特点 被动、客观（无需主动选择） 主动、主观（有明确选择意愿） 常见搭配 receive sth. from sb.（从某人收到）receive a letter/gift/call accept sth.（接受某物）accept an invitation（接受邀请） accept sb.’s apology（接受某人的道歉） 例句 1. He received a lot of flowers on his birthday.（他生日那天收到了很多花。）2. The school received a donation from a company.（学校收到了一家公司的捐赠。） 1. She accepted the flower and said “thank you”.（她收下了花并说了 “谢谢”。） 2. I can’t accept your help because I want to do it myself.（我不能接受你的帮助，因为我想自己做。） 【考点12】It could give people the false impression that I am a rude person 【解析】 impression 作名词，印象；（对人 / 物 / 事)的感想，可数名词 first impression（第一印象） leave/make a...impression on sb.（给某人留下…… 的印象） He tried to leave a polite impression on his classmates.他努力给同学们留下有礼貌的印象。 动词形式：impress 过去式：impressed使印象深刻，给...留下印象 She impressed the teacher with her hard work. 她的努力给老师留下了深刻印象。 【考点13】I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 【解析】 1.look forward to 期待；盼望 这里的 to 是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。 look forward to + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词（doing） We're looking forward to our vacation. 我们正期待着我们的假期。 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我期待着很快见到你。 2.hear from+sb.(某人）收到某人的来信 / 消息 / 电话 She heard from her mother last week. 她上周收到了妈妈的消息。 【考点14】cheer 【解析】 作动词，过去式：cheered ①为...欢呼，喝彩，加油 Everyone cheered the winner as he crossed the finishing line.获胜者冲过终点时，人人为他喝彩。 ②鼓励，鼓舞，使振奋，使高兴 cheer （sb. ）up 使...高兴，指让某人的心情变好。 I brought you some flowers to cheer you up. 我给你带了些花来让你开心点 Cheer up！You will feel better soon. 振作点！你很快会好起来。 ②作名词，欢呼声，喝彩声，可数名词 Let‘s give a cheer for the winner! 让我们为获胜者欢呼！ 口语中：Cheers!作感叹词（干杯！）（用于举杯庆祝） Cheers! To our friendship!（干杯！为我们的友谊！） 过关检测 一.单项选择 1.---When did Mike ______ Alice? They look so happy together. ---Last summer. They met at a friend’s party. A. marry with B. get married with C. married to D. marry 2.The school hasn't decided ______the concert will be canceled or not because of bad weather next week. A. when B. whether C. that D. what 3.The teacher said we should write our reports ______ because the French class focuses on practicing speaking and listening . A. in French B. with French C. at French D. for French 4.--- How do you ______ your new classmate Linda? She seems very friendly. --- We get on well. She often helps me with my English A. get up B. get along with C. get on D. get away from 5.It’s ______ to talk loudly in the library. Everyone should keep quiet to respect others. A. improper B. impatient C. important D. impossible 6.The workers were warned to avoid the ________ area until further notice. A. unsafe B. unsafely C. safest D. safety 7.It's a family _____ to have a big dinner together on New Year's Eve. A. traditional B. traditionally C. tradition D. traditions 8.My sister is ______ meeting her favorite singer at the concert next weekend. She has waited for this chance for a long time. A. looking forward to meet B. looking forward for meeting C. looking forward to meeting D. looking forward meet 9.______ chopsticks properly is an important skill for people who want to enjoy Chinese food. A. Hold B. Holding C. Held D. Holds 10.---I have an interview tomorrow. I'm so nervous. --- ______! I'm sure you'll do a good job. A. Cheer up B. Well done C. Congratulation D. My pleasure 二 单词填空 1.Don’t share ______ (虚假的) information on social media, because it may make people feel confused. 2.Our new English teacher is very kind and patient. She left a good ______ (印象) on all of us on the first day of school. 3.Reading more English articles is one of the ______ (主要的；最重要的) ways to improve your reading skills. 4. On her 15th birthday, Anna is looking forward to ______ (收到；接到) a handwritten card from her best friend. 5.Before handing in your math homework, you should check it carefully to make sure all the problems are ______ (正确地；准确地) solved. 6. To improve your English writing, firstly you should read more good articles; ______ (adv. 其次；第二), you need to practice writing every day. 7.My desk-mate won the first prize in the English competition. I want to ______ (v. 祝贺；向…… 道贺) him on his great success. 8.Lucy’s mother bought her a beautiful pink ______ (n. 女式衬衫) as a birthday gift, and she likes it very much. 9.In many Western countries, exchanging gifts at Christmas is an old ______ (n. 习俗；风俗) that has lasted for centuries. 10.It’s ______ (adj. 不礼貌的；无礼的) to talk loudly in the library or interrupt others when they are speaking. 三 .完形填空 China is a country with a long history of etiquette（礼仪）, and table manners are an important part of its culture. When dining with others, following these manners can show your 1._____ to people around you. First, seating arrangement（安排） is very important. The seats facing the door are usually for the elderly or guests of honor. You should not take these seats without being invited. Young people 2. sit at the seats near the door in order to serve others easily. Second, chopsticks are the most 3. ______ eating utensils(餐具） in China. There are many rules for using them. You mustn’t point at others with chopsticks—it’s 4. ______. You also can’t stick chopsticks into the rice bowl, because it looks like offering sacrifices（祭品） to ancestors. When you finish eating, put chopsticks neatly on the table. Third, using serving chopsticks (公筷) is a good habit now. It helps 5. ______ the spread of germs(细菌）.When picking food from shared dishes, always use the serving chopsticks 6. ______ your own ones. Fourth, when toasting (敬酒) to elders, you should 7 your glass with both hands and keep your glass lower than theirs. This small action shows your respect. Besides, it’s polite to wait for everyone to be seated before starting the meal. While eating, chew quietly and don’t make loud noises. Don’t stir (搅拌)through the dishes with your chopsticks to find your favorite food. It’s also impolite to leave the table 8. ______ the meal is over. Remembering these table manners not only helps you 9.____ embarrassment but also helps you build good relationships with others. 10.____“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Following local customs is always a way to show respect. 1. A. respect B. courage C. bravery D. fear 2. A. have to B. should C. would D. might 3. A.uncommon B proper C.common D.impossible 4. A. polite B. impolite C. normal D. common 5. A. stop B. start C. encourage D. allow 6. A. instead of B. because of C. according to D. thanks to 7. A. hold B.take C.bring D.win 8. A. after B. before C. when D. while 9. A. build B.break C. change D. avoid 10. A. As a result B. Even if C. After all D. So that 4. 阅读理解 A I want to tell you a story about the accident of a person who means a lot to me. It was a sunny Saturday in July, I was told that my brother had a car accident. I was shocked, and didn’t know what to do. It seemed that my whole world was ending. The only words that came out of my mouth were "Is he all right?". But I didn’t get any response. He was badly hurt. He was in a coma(昏迷) for three months. My parents and I were very worried about him. Luckily, in the end, he won, and he beat death successfully. Soon, we found that the coma had influenced part of his brain. For a long time he couldn't remember who he was talking to or where he was going. When he got better, we learned that he was using his mobile phone when he was driving. My parents were angry at him, because they had told him many times it was dangerous to use phones while driving, but he didn’t listen to them. so he had this accident. The experience helped me understand the importance of safety. We should listen to people's suggestions and keep safe when we are driving or doing other things. 1. Who had a car accident? A. The writer B. The writer’s brother C. The writer’s parents D. The writer ’s friend 2. What does the underlined word "response" mean? A.帮助 B.呼唤 C.回应 D.回响 3. Why does the writer say" he won"? A. Because the writer's brother got better after the accident. B. Because the writers brother won a competition. C. Because the writers brother was good at driving.. D. Because the writers brother was important to the writer.. 4. Why were the parents angry? A. Because their son didn't like driving cars B. Because their son didn't listen to them D. Because their son forgot them C Because their son was in a coma 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should keep safe and listen to others' suggestions B. Don't listen to music while driving cars. C. We should know how to drive cars. D. We should know how to deal with the car accident B When people move to a new country, they often experience something called "culture shock." Culture shock is the feeling of being confused or nervous when you are in a place with a different culture. Everything seems new and unfamiliar: the food, the language, the way people greet each other, and even the rules. There are usually four stages of culture shock. The Honeymoon Stage: At first, everything is exciting and wonderful. You are like a tourist. You love the new food, the new sights, and the new experiences. The Frustration Stage: After a few weeks or months, the newness wears off. You might feel homesick. You miss your family, your friends, and the food from home. Small problems seem very big. You may feel tired and confused. The Adjustment Stage: Slowly, you start to understand the new culture better. You learn some of the language and make new friends. Life becomes easier and more normal. The Acceptance Stage: Finally, you feel comfortable at home in the new culture. You understand and appreciate the differences. You may even prefer some parts of the new culture! Culture shock is normal. It happens to almost everyone. If you experience it, remember to be patient, talk to people, and try to learn new things. It will get better! 6.What is culture shock? A. The excitement of traveling. B. The feeling of being confused in a new culture. C. A sickness you get from foreign food. D. The love for a new country. 7.How do people feel during the "Honeymoon Stage"? A. Sad and homesick. B. Comfortable at home. C. Excited and happy. D. Tired and confused. 8.In which stage might you miss food from your home country? A. The Honeymoon Stage. B. The Frustration Stage. C. The Adjustment Stage. D. The Acceptance Stage. 9.What is the main idea of this passage? A. Traveling is very expensive. B. It's easy to learn a new language. C. Culture shock is a normal process with different stages. D. Everyone should move to a new country. 10.According to the passage, what can you do if you experience culture shock? A. Stay in your room all day. B. Be patient and talk to people. C. Go back to your home country immediately. D. Ignore (忽视）the new culture. 参考答案 短语 1.arrival time2.safe conversation topics3.hear from4.share...with...5.attend my friend’s party 6.at the beginning of7.go a long way8.last but not the least9. get along with sb. 10.explain to sb.11.point at12.just now13.at first14.can’t wait to do sth. 15.hold your chopsticks correctly16.main text17.in one’s forties18.be worried about 19. look forward to 过关检测 一 单项选择 1-5 DBABA 6-10ACCBA 二 单词填空 1.false 2.impression 3.main 4.receiving 5.correctly 6.secondly 7.congratulate 8.blouse 9.custom 10.impolite 三 完型填空 1-5 ABCBA 6-10 AABDC 四 阅读理解 A 篇 1-5 BCABA B 篇 6-10 BCBCB ( 1 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $