2026届高考英语基础薄弱生专用 谓语&非谓语动词语法填空考点精讲讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考语法填空核心考点，围绕谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）和非谓语动词（doing、to do、done）构建知识体系，按“动词判定—句子结构—考点突破—区分技巧—真题训练”逻辑展开，通过系统梳理规则、方法指导和真题演练，帮助学生建立解题框架，突破语法填空难点。 资料创新采用“逻辑判定+场景分类”教学法，如谓语非谓语通过“有无连词”快速区分，非谓语按主动、被动、目的场景归类，结合从句与非谓语互换规律培养思维品质。设置分层练习和即时反馈，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

高考英语语法填空满分专题｜谓语&非谓语动词分层解题秘籍 目录 一、句子结构基础规则 ...............................................3 1.1 三大句子类型 ...................................................... 3 ① 简单句（5大基本句型） .................................................3 ② 并列句 ................................................................ 4 ③ 复合句 ................................................................ 5 1.2 句子结构基础理论....................................................6 二、谓语/非谓语判定核心总法则 .................................. 6 三、谓语动词高频核心考点 ......................................... 6 3.1 时态语态完整对照表 .................................................6 3.2 各时态标志性时间状语（解题线索） ................................ 7 3.3 被动语态特殊限制+主谓一致考点 .................................... 8 ① 不及物动词&系动词无被动语态 ............................................ 8 ② 主谓一致5大核心高频考点 ............................................... 9 3.4 谓语动词两大考查维度 .............................................. 10 3.5 情态动词高频考点 .................................................. 10 四、非谓语动词用法与考点 ......................................... 11 4.1 非谓语动词基础定义 ................................................ 11 4.2 三大形式核心用法 ...................................................11 4.3 非谓语动词时态语态表 .............................................. 11 4.4 语法填空：什么时候填doing（八大考点） .......................... 12 4.5 语法填空：什么时候填done（五大考点） .......................... 14 4.6 语法填空：什么时候填to do（五大考点） ......................... 16 4.7 动词变形拼写规则 ................................................. 19 五、谓语VS非谓语区分技巧 ...................................... 20 5.1 谓语动词&非谓语动词判断依据表 .................................. 20 5.2 谓语/非谓语由辨到填专项练习 .................................... 21 5.3 从句与非谓语互换规律（写作高级句式运用） ..................... 22 5.4 综合巩固练习题 ...................................................25 5.5 考场做题技巧总结 ................................................ 26 六、考点分类语法填空谓语和非谓语专项练习 ................. 26 6.1 谓语动词高频考点集训 ........................................... 26 ① 一般时态（一般现在/过去/将来时） .................................... 27 ② 完成时态 ............................................................ 28 ③ 被动语态 ............................................................ 28 ④ 主谓一致 ............................................................ 29 6.2 非谓语动词高频考点集训 ........................................ .29 ① 不定式 to do ....................................................... 29 ② 动名词 doing ....................................................... 30 ③ 现在分词 doing ..................................................... 31 ④ 过去分词 done ...................................................... 32 1、 句子结构基础规则 1.1 三大句子类型 ①.简单句（5大基本句型） 核心考点：一个完整简单句，有且只能存在1个主句谓语动词，这是语法填空判断动词形式的第一准则 1. S + Vi 主谓（主语 + 不及物动词） 1.Birds fly. S（Birds）+ Vi（fly） 翻译：鸟儿飞翔。 2.The baby is crying. S（The baby）+ Vi（is crying） 翻译：婴儿正在哭。 2. S + Vt + O 主谓宾（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） 1.I love English. S（I）+ Vt（love）+ O（English） 翻译：我喜欢英语。 2.She reads books. S（She）+ Vt（reads）+ O（books） 翻译：她看书。 3. S + V系 + P 主系表（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 补充：系动词不表动作，只连接主语和表语，说明主语身份/状态 1.She is happy. S（She）+ V系（is）+ P（happy） 翻译：她很开心。 2.It smells good. S（It）+ V系（smells）+ P（good） 翻译：它闻起来很香。 4. S + Vt + IO + DO 主谓双宾（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 补充：人=间接宾语(IO)，物=直接宾语(DO) 1.I give you a gift. S（I）+ Vt（give）+ IO（you）+ DO（a gift） 翻译：我给你一份礼物。 2.My father buys me a bike. S（My father）+ Vt（buys）+ IO（me）+ DO（a bike） 翻译：爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。 5. S + Vt + O + OC 主谓宾宾补（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语） 补充：宾补用来补充说明宾语的状态/动作，去掉后句子语义不完整 1.We keep the room clean. S（We）+ Vt（keep）+ O（the room）+ OC（clean） 翻译：我们保持房间干净。 2.They ask me to go. S（They）+ Vt（ask）+ O（me）+ OC（to go） 翻译：他们叫我走。 ②.并列句 核心结构：两个完整简单句，由并列连词连接，分句地位平等，各自拥有独立谓语动词 1. and 并且；然后（顺承、并列） 1.He likes English, and he learns it well. 他喜欢英语，并且学得很好。 2.I got up early, and I went to school. 我起得很早，然后去上学。 2. but 但是（转折） 1.He is young, but he knows much. 他年纪小，但是懂得很多。 2.It rained hard, but we went out. 雨下得很大，但是我们还是出去了。 3. or 或者；否则（选择、条件） 1.Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点，否则你会迟到。 2.You can go by bus, or you can walk. 你可以坐公交，或者走路去。 4. so 所以；因此（因果） 1.It was late, so I went home. 天很晚了，所以我回家了。 2.He was ill, so he didn’t come. 他生病了，所以没来上学。 5. while 然而（对比） 1.I like math, while she likes Chinese. 我喜欢数学，而她喜欢语文。 ③.复合句 核心结构：由主句+从句构成，主句独立表意，从句依附主句，由引导词连接。 应试关键：主句、从句可各自拥有谓语动词；无连词连接的动词，必须用非谓语 1. 主语从句：在从句中充当句子主语 1.That he will attend the meeting is true. 他将要参会这件事是真的。 2.What he said makes me happy. 他所说的话让我很高兴。 2. 宾语从句：从句充当动词、介词的宾语 1.I know that he works hard. 我知道他学习很努力。 2.She asked where I came from. 她问我来自哪里。 3. 表语从句：放在系动词之后，充当表语 1.The truth is that he didn’t tell lies. 事实是他没有撒谎。 2.It seems that it is going to snow. 看起来马上要下雪了。 4. 同位语从句：解释说明抽象名词的具体内容 1.The news that our team won excited everyone. 我们队伍获胜的消息振奋了所有人。 2.I have a hope that I can enter a good college. 我怀有一个考上好大学的愿望。 5. 定语从句：修饰前面名词或代词 1.The girl who stands there is my classmate. 站在那里的女孩是我的同学。 2.This is the pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天弄丢的钢笔。 6. 状语从句：修饰主句谓语，表时间、原因、条件、让步等 1.I will wait here until you return. 我会一直等到你回来。 2.He stayed at home because he was badly ill. 他因病留在了家里。 1.2 句子结构基础理论 1. 谓语唯一性规则 一个完整的简单句，只能存在1个主句谓语动词。 2. 连词分界规则 并列连词、从句引导词可以分割句子，形成多个独立分句，每个分句都可以拥有自己独立的谓语。 2、 谓语/非谓语判定核心总法则 2.1 判定总原则 拿到带动词提示词的空格，优先通过「拆分句子主干 + 判断连词位置」，确定空格是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词。 2.2 谓语动词 判定条件 满足以下任意一条，空格处填写谓语动词： 1.空格所在分句为独立结构，分句内部没有出现过谓语动词； 2.空格由 and / but / or / so 等并列连词连接，构成并列分句； 3.空格位于从句主干位置，由从句引导词引导。 2.3 非谓语动词 判定条件 满足以下任意一条，空格处填写非谓语动词（doing / done / to do）： 1.主句已有完整谓语动词，且没有并列连词连接该动词； 2.该动词仅作修饰、补充说明，不充当句子主干； 3.空格前为介词，或位于固定搭配结构中。 2.4 考场标准三步解题法 ① 拆主干：划出句子主语，定位句中已存在的谓语动词； ② 辨位置：判断空格属于独立分句，还是附属修饰结构； ③ 定形式：对照判定条件，最终确定填写谓语或非谓语。 三、谓语动词高频考点大全 3.1时态语态完整对照表 |时态分类|主动语态结构|被动语态结构|语法填空常考形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 do/does did will do would do am/is/are done was/were done will be done would be done 进行 am/is/are doing was/were doing will be doing am/is/are being done was/were being done will be being done 完成 have/has done had done will have done have/has been done had been done will have been done 完成进行 have/has been doing have/has been being done 3.2 各时态标志性时间状语（解题线索） 一般现在时标志词 解题技巧：看到“经常性、习惯性”时间词，优先填一般现在时，重点注意第三人称单数变形。 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week / month… 一般过去时标志词 (did) 解题技巧：明确的过去时间，直接锁定一般过去时，注意不规则动词变形。 yesterday昨天； ago 之前； last... 上一个/去...;(last year/month/week/summer 去年/上个月/上星期/去年夏天) then (指过去)当时,那时 just now = a moment ago刚才； the other day前几天； once upon a time 从前； 现在完成时标志词 (have/has done) 解题技巧：看到“持续到现在”的线索，优先使用现在完成时，语法填空最高频考点。 for+一段时间(如：for 2 years已经两年了)； in/over the past years在过去的几年间; since自从; already已经; not...yet还没有...; recently / in recent years最近; lately最近； so far 到目前为止；by far(到目前为止),强调程度上的差异，用于比较级 最高级 up to now直到现在； ever 曾经； just 刚刚 过去完成时标志词 (had done) 解题技巧：动作发生在“过去的过去”时使用，考法相对固定。 by + 过去的时间 (如：by 2005 截至2005年); before+过去时间； by the time+过去式; by the end+过去的时间； up till then 直到那时； 一般将来时标志词 (will do) 解题技巧：看到表“将来、之后”的时间词，直接判定为一般将来时； 语法填空常考结构：will do / be going to do，无提示词时多考 will + 动词原形。 in+一段时间 ...之后 (如：in 2 years两年后)； tomorrow 明天； soon不久； from now on 从现在起； before long不久以后； next... 下一个/明...(next year/month/week/summer明年/下个月/下星期/ 明年夏天) 3.3被动语态特殊限制+主谓一致考点 ① 不及物动词&系动词无被动语态 不及物动词Vi特点：不能直接加宾语、无被动语态 come 来 go 去；走 walk 步行 run 跑 sleep 睡觉 rain 下雨 rise 上升；升起 arrive 到达 happen 发生 take place 发生 occur 发生 die 死亡 remain 保持；仍然是 depend 依靠；取决于 例句：Temperatures drop significantly. 解析：drop为不及物动词，后面不可直接接宾语。 高考高频系动词 系动词 be am / is / are / was / were 是 感官动词 look 看起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来 smell闻起来 feel感觉起来 保持 keep / stay / remain 保持 变得 get / grow / become / turn变得 似乎 seem似乎 看起来像 appear看起来像 证明是... prove turn out 证明是 ②主谓一致5大核心高频考点 1.doing、to do、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数 Eg: Reading aloud is very helpful. （大声朗读很有帮助。） To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） What he said is true.（他说的是真的。） 2.many a、more than one、the number of、the only one后谓语用单数 Eg: Many a student has made the same mistake.（许多学生都犯了同样的错误。） More than one person was injured in the accident.（不止一个人在事故中受伤。） 3.就近原则：neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also… 就远原则：as well as、along with、together with Eg:：Either you or he is wrong.（不是你错了，就是他错了。） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.（不仅学生们喜欢这部电影，老师也喜欢。） 4.定语从句谓语与先行词单复数保持一致 Eg: He is the man who wants to see you.（他就是想见你的那个人。） The books which are on the desk are mine.（桌子上的那些书是我的。） 5.there be句型严格遵循就近原则 Eg：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。） There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。） 3.4 两大考查维度 在语法填空给提示词类考题中，谓语动词的变形始终围绕时态、语态两大核心维度出题，同时附带高频附属考点： 1.时态维度 考查不同时间下的动词变形，同时附带考查：be动词单复数、动词第三人称单数、不规则动词过去式/过去分词变形。 高频必记基础词形：am/is/are；has/have；was/were 2.语态维度 分为主动语态、被动语态。被动语态是语法填空的高频坑点，固定变形公式：be + 动词过去分词(done) 同时被动语态会和时态、情态动词结合考查，衍生出各类拓展结构。 3.5 情态动词高频考点 基础铁律：所有情态动词后面，必须接动词原形 高频核心情态动词：can/could、will/would、shall/should、must、may/might、had better、ought to 语法填空高频拓展考点（和被动语态结合出题） 1. 基础被动结构：情态动词 + be + done（核心考点） 例：It will be finished (finish) in 2 days. 2. 现在完成被动结构：情态动词 + have been + done（高考高频难点） 适用语境：动作已经完成，且和主语构成被动关系 例：The work must have been finished before Friday. 3. 否定变形补充：情态动词 + not + be done 例：The plan can’t be changed. 四、非谓语动词用法与考点 4.1 非谓语定义 一个简单句内已有完整谓语动词，且无并列连词（and/but/or等）衔接其他动词时，多余的动词不能再作谓语，必须改为非谓语形式。 4.2 三大形式核心用法 非谓语形式 核心表意 语法填空常考位置 doing 主动、动作进行 作定语，伴随状语，介词后宾语 to do 目的、将来动作 作目的状语，后置定语，固定搭配宾语 done 被动、动作完成 作后置定语，状态类状语 4.3 非谓语时态语态表 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 不定式to do 一般式 to do（常考） to be done（常考） 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done（常考） to have been done 动名词/现在分词doing 一般式 doing（常考） being done （常考） 完成式 Having done（常考） having been done 过去分词 done（常考） 4.4 语法填空：什么时候填doing 考点一：介词后面，动词一律填 doing in/on/at/for/of/by/with/without/about/before/after/into 等所有介词，后面若给动词，必须变 doing。 真题 1.He thanked me for ______(help) him. 答案：helping 解析：for 是介词 → 介词后动词固定用doing。 2.You can learn English by ______(listen) to English songs. 答案：listening 解析：by 介词，表“通过某种方式”，后接doing。 考点二：作状语，主句主语与动词是主动关系→填doing 逗号隔开，分词放句首/句中； 主句主语能主动发出这个动作，不是被别人做 → 用doing。 真题 1.______(Look) up at the stars, I felt small. 答案：Looking 解析：① 主句有谓语 felt，无连词，考非谓语； ② 主语 I 和 look 是主动：我抬头看星星； ③ 主动作状语 → 填doing。 2.______(Live) in Beijing for 10 years, he knows the city well. 答案：Living 解析：主语 he 主动居住在北京，主动关系 → doing。 考点三：逗号后，表顺其自然、自然而然结果→填doing 前面一件事发生，顺理成章、自然导致后面结果，不是刻意安排，逗号后用 doing。 真题 1.He missed the last bus, ______(have) to walk home. 答案：having 解析：错过末班车，自然结果就是只能走路回家 → 自然结果用doing。 2.The heavy snow lasted a week, ______(cause) serious traffic problems. 答案：causing 解析：大雪持续→自然引发交通问题，结果状语→doing。 考点四：作伴随状语（主句动作同时附带另一个动作）→填doing 一个主句动作，同时陪着另一个动作，一边做……一边做……，主语主动发出 → doing。 真题 1.He lay on the sofa, ______(watch) TV. 答案：watching 解析：躺在沙发上，同时看电视，伴随动作、主动→doing。 2.The girl stood there, ______(cry) sadly. 答案：crying 解析：站在那儿，同时在哭，伴随状语→doing。 考点五：特定动词后，固定只接 doing（只能doing，不能to do） enjoy 喜欢；享受 finish 完成 mind 介意 avoid 避免 practise 练习 keep 持续；一直 suggest 建议 imagine 想象 miss 错过；怀念 admit 承认 deny 否认 risk 冒险 delay 推迟 excuse 原谅 forgive 宽恕 escape 逃避 真题 1.I finished ______(do) my homework last night. 答案：doing 解析：finish 固定搭配 finish doing sth. 2.Would you mind ______(open) the window? 答案：opening 解析：mind 后只能接 doing。 考点六：固定短语中 to 是介词，后必接 doing（高频易错） 必背短语（to 是介词 + doing） look forward to 期待 be used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 devote oneself to 致力于 stick to 坚持 真题 1.We look forward to ______(see) you soon. 答案：seeing 解析：look forward to 里的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接doing。 2.She is used to ______(get) up early. 答案：getting 解析：be used to doing 习惯于做某事，to为介词→doing。 考点七：doing 作后置定语，修饰名词（主动+正在进行） 名词后面修饰它，表主动、正在发生的动作 → 用doing； 被动、已完成用done。 真题 1.The man ______(talk) with our headmaster is my uncle. 答案：talking 分析：man 和 talk 主动关系，正在交谈→doing作定语。 2.There is a river ______(run) through our town. 答案：running 解析：河水主动流淌，表状态+主动→doing。 考点八：固定句式 / 固定结构用 doing 1.spend time (in) doing 花费时间做…… 2.waste time doing 浪费时间做…… 3.It’s no use/good doing 做……没用 4.have difficulty (in) doing sth 5.be worth doing sth 例句 I spent two hours ______(read) the novel. 答案：reading 解析：spend 固定搭配 spend…doing。 4.5 语法填空：什么时候填 done 考点一：有明显标志词 by，直接判被动 → 填 done 句子里出现 by + 人/物，表“被……”， 逻辑主语一定是被动承受动作，不用多想，直接填 done。 真题 1.________(Inspire) by his teacher, he made great progress. 答案：Inspired 解析：有标志词 by → 表“被老师鼓舞”，被动关系 → 填 done。 2.The novel ________(write) by Lu Xun is very popular. 答案：written 解析：by Lu Xun 明显被动“被鲁迅写”，作后置定语 → 填 done。 考点二：无by，但逻辑主语和动词是被动关系 → 填 done 没有by，也要主动判断： 主句主语不能自己做这个动作，是被别人做，动作已完成 → 填 done。 真题 1.________(Beat) in the game, the team felt disappointed. 答案：Beaten 解析：主语 team 不能自己打败自己，是被打败，被动 → done。 2.________(Encourage) at the meeting, all of us worked harder. 答案：Encouraged 解析：我们是被鼓励，被动逻辑 → 填 done。 考点三：名词后作后置定语，表被动+完成 → 填 done 被修饰的名词，是被制作、被建造、被写、被使用， 动作已经做完，放在名词后面修饰 → 填 done。 真题 1.The bridge ________(build) last year looks amazing. 答案：built 解析：桥被修建，被动完成 → done。 2.Most of the goods ________(make) in China sell well. 答案：made 解析：商品 被制造，被动修饰名词 → done。 考点四：固定结构 have / get + 宾语 + done have/get sth. done 含义：让某物被别人做、请人把某事做完 宾语和后面动词永远是被动关系 → 必填 done。 真题 1.I had my bike ________(repair) yesterday. 答案：repaired 解析：自行车被修理，不是自己修，固定结构 → done。 2.She got her hair ________(cut) last weekend. 答案：cut 解析：头发被剪，have/get sth done 固定被动结构。 考点五：be + 过去分词形容词化 + 介词 固定结构：be + -ed分词（形容词用法）+ 固定介词 语法填空放句首作状语时：直接去掉 be 动词，保留-ed分词，直接填 done 必背高频短语 be known for 因……出名 be known as 作为……出名 be known to 为……所熟知 be faced with 面临；面对 be dressed in 穿着 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be worried about 担心 be satisfied with 对……满意 be devoted to 致力于 be addicted to 沉迷于 be covered with 被……覆盖 be surrounded by 被……包围 be lost in 沉浸于 be prepared for 为……准备 be occupied with 忙于 be born in 出生于 真题 1.________(Know) for its beauty, the city attracts many visitors. 答案：Known 解析：还原 be known for，去掉 be → 填 done。 2.________(Face) with so many problems, we kept calm. 答案：Faced 解析：还原 be faced with，省略 be → Faced。 3.________(Dress) in white, the girl looks like an angel. 答案：Dressed 解析：be dressed in 固定搭配，省be → done。 4.________(Worry) about her child, the mother couldn’t fall asleep. 答案：Worried 解析：be worried about，去掉be → Worried。 5.________(Satisfy) with the result, he nodded happily. 答案：Satisfied 解析：be satisfied with，省be直接填done。 总结： 只要是 be + ed + 介词 固定搭配， 句首作状语删掉be，直接填ed/done。 4.6 语法填空：什么时候填 to do 考点一：不定式作目的状语 不定式用以表达行为的目的、意图，可置于句首或句末。 判别逻辑：无需刻意翻译“为了”，只需判断：该动作是主句动作发生的用意、出发点，即判定用 to do。 句式区分（避免和doing混淆） 表目的意图 → 用 to do 表时间、原因、伴随、主动状态 → 用 doing 真题 1.________(Improve) his oral English, he practices every morning. 答案：To improve 解析：practices 为谓语，空格动作是晨练的目的，用不定式。 2.He travelled abroad ________(broaden) his horizons. 答案：to broaden 解析：出国的用意是开阔眼界，表目的，用to do。 考点二：特定及物动词后必接不定式作宾语 渴望、欲望 long, desire, hope, wish, expect, want 尝试 try ，attempt 继续 continue 需要、请求 demand, request, require, ask 意图、打算 intend ，mean 计划 plan ， project 决定 decide, determine, resolve 倾向 tend 激励 encourage ，motivate，inspire， stimulate 选择 choose 设法 manage 目标 goal ，aim ，purpose ，target 碰巧 happen 努力 strive ，aim 同意 agree 拒绝 refuse ，decline 开始 begin ，start 轮流 take turns 真题 1.She refused ________(accept) his invitation. 答案：to accept 解析：refuse 后固定接不定式。 2.He managed ________(complete) the task ahead of time. 答案：to complete 解析：manage to do 为固定搭配。 考点三：不定式置于名词后，作后置修饰成分 名词后的不定式，用以表示该名词有待完成、尚未执行的动作。 名词后面的动作，有待去做、尚未完成，用to do； 若表主动正在进行用doing；表被动完成用done。 真题 1.I have plenty of tasks ________(finish) today. 答案：to finish 解析：tasks 有待完成，动作尚未执行，用不定式修饰。 2.Have you got anything ________(take) to the party? 答案：to take 解析：事物有待带去，未完成动作，用to do。 考点四：固定句式结构中必用不定式 1.It is + adj. + to do sth. （it作形式主语） 2.find/think/feel/consider + it + adj. + to do sth. （it作形式宾语） 3.too + adj. + to do ；adj. + enough + to do 4.疑问词(how/what/when/which) + to do 5.have no choice but to do 6.be + 形容词(willing/able/ready/determined) + to do 7.be said/supposed/allowed/expected + to do 真题 1.It is necessary ________(master) basic grammar rules. 答案：to master 解析：It is + 形容词 固定句式，后接不定式。 2.I find it easy ________(get) along with him. 答案：to get 解析：it作形式宾语，真正宾语用不定式。 3.He is too young ________(understand) such things. 答案：to understand 解析：too…to… 固定结构。 4.I don’t know which course ________(choose). 答案：to choose 解析：疑问词后接不定式固定结构。 考点五：不定式表出乎意料的结果 结构 only to do，用以表达事与愿违、出乎意料的客观结果，区别于doing表顺理成章的自然结果。 真题 He rushed to the platform, only ________(find) the train had left. 答案：to find 解析：匆忙赶路却遭遇意外结果，only后接不定式。 4.7 动词变形规则 英语非谓语动词：动词变-ing形式（现在分词/动名词）完整变形规则 规则分类 核心变形规则 示例 一般情况 直接在动词词尾加-ing work → working read → reading play → playing 词尾e相关 词尾为不发音的e时，去e再加-ing write → writing take → taking make → making close → closing 重读闭音节 重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing run → running swim → swimming stop → stopping sit → sitting plan → planning y结尾相关 元音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接加-ing play → playing stay → staying enjoy → enjoying buy → buying 辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接加-ing，无需变y为i study → studying carry → carrying worry → worrying fly → flying ie结尾特殊 词尾为ie的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing lie → lying die → dying tie → tying 英语非谓语动词：动词变-ed形式（过去分词）完整变形规则 规则分类 核心变形规则 示例 一般情况 直接在动词词尾加-ed work → worked clean → cleaned play → played 词尾e相关 词尾为不发音的e时，只加-d，不加-ed live → lived hope → hoped close → closed write → wrote 重读闭音节 重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed stop → stopped plan → planned drop → dropped y结尾相关 元音字母 + y结尾的动词，直接加-ed play → played stay → stayed enjoy → enjoyed 辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study → studied carry → carried worry → worried 不规则动词 无固定变形规则，需单独记忆 do → done go → gone see → seen write → written break → broken 五、谓语动词VS非谓语动词区分技巧 5.1 谓语动词&非谓语动词判断依据表 判断依据 谓语动词 非谓语动词(to do / doing / done) 一句一谓原则 一个句子里唯一的主句动词，体现时态/人称变化 主语已有谓语，无任何引导词 连接，多余动词必须变成非谓语 结构特征 可单独作谓语，核心固定结构： 1. 情态动词 + 动原 2. be + doing（进行时） 3. be + done（被动语态） 4. 动原/三单/过去式（一般时态） 5. have/has/had + done（完成时） 6. will/shall + 动原（将来时） 7. be going to + 动原（将来时） 8. used to + 动原（过去习惯） 不能单独作谓语，依附主句存在，无独立时态，人称变化，仅三种基础形式：to do / doing / done 长相相同的done难点区分 ①无其他谓语，动词独自体现过去时间→过去式谓语 ②和be/have/has/had搭配，构成时态/被动结构 主语已有谓语，无引导词连接→过去分词非谓语 连词/引导词判断 ①并列连词（and/but/or/so）：连接多个动词 → 并列谓语 ② 从属连（when/if/because/though等）：引导状语从句，从句内可带独立谓语。 ③关系代词/副词（who/which/that/when/where等）：引导定语从句，从句内可带独立谓语。 无上述任何引导词，动词直接跟在名词后/逗号后 → 非谓语 5.2 谓语/非谓语 由辨到填专项练习 请判断划线动词结构是谓语动词还是非谓语动词， 1. The girl is reading a book in the library. 2. The boy reading a book is my desk mate. 3. She finished her homework last night. 4. Having finished his homework, he went out to play. 5. The letter was written by my sister. 6. The letter written by my sister is very beautiful. 7. We can speak a little English. 8. I hope to speak English well in the future. 真题导向填空练习：判断空格填谓语 / 非谓语 做题步骤 ① 找主句已有谓语 → ② 判断是否有连词/引导词 → ③ 确定空格填谓语还是非谓语 → ④ 给出正确形式 基础真题（先练判断属性） 1. ______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the park looks amazing. 判断：主句已有谓语looks，无连词，填非谓语 2. He ______ (see) the park when he climbed the mountain. 判断：主句无其他谓语，填谓语 3. The film ______ (base) on a true story is popular. 判断：主句已有谓语is，无连词，填非谓语 4. The film ______ (base) on a true story and it won many prizes. 判断：有and并列，填谓语 5. We ______ (finish) our tasks by the end of last week. 判断：主句无其他谓语，填谓语 6. ______ (finish) our tasks, we went to have a big meal. 判断：主句已有谓语went，无连词，填非谓语 高考真题精选（拔高练习） 1. (2023全国卷改编) The museum, ______ (build) in 1920, has a long history. 2. (2022新高考改编) When he ______ (walk) past the shop, he noticed a strange sign. 3. (2021全国卷改编) ______ (improve) his skills, he takes online courses every weekend. 4. (2020新高考改编) The students ______ (encourage) to take part in after‑school activities. 5. (2019全国卷改编) He sat on the chair, ______ (read) a newspaper quietly. 5.3 从句与非谓语互换规律用法 (写作高级句式运用) 时间状语从句 ⇋ 非谓语（写作高频：叙事、活动类作文） 例句1原句：After she had finished her volunteer work, she gained a strong sense of achievement. 改写：Having finished her volunteer work, she gained a strong sense of achievement. 改写依据： 1. 从句主语 she 与主句主语一致，满足改写前提； 2. 动作“完成志愿工作”先于主句动作“获得成就感”，主动语态，故用 having done 结构。 例句2 原句：When the students are given enough guidance, they can make rapid progress. 改写：Given enough guidance, the students can make rapid progress. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 the students 和主句主语一致； 2.从句中“学生被给予指导”是被动含义，省略连词与主语后，直接用过去分词 done 作非谓语。 条件状语从句 ⇋ 非谓语（建议、环保、成长类作文） 例句1 原句：If we keep a positive attitude, we can overcome difficulties in life. 改写：Keeping a positive attitude, we can overcome difficulties in life. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 we 与主句主语一致； 2.“保持积极心态”和“克服困难”同步发生，主动语态，使用 doing 结构。 例句2 原句：If the plan is carried out properly, it will bring great benefits to the community. 改写：Carried out properly, the plan will bring great benefits to the community. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 the plan 和主句主语一致； 2.“计划被实施”是被动含义，用过去分词 done 改写。 原因状语从句 ⇋ 非谓语（观点、个人经历类作文） 例句1 原句：Because he was devoted to his study, he made steady progress. 改写：Being devoted to his study, he made steady progress. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 he 与主句主语一致； 2.原句为系表结构，动作状态与主句同时存在，主动含义，be动词变形为 being + 形容词/过去分词。 例句2 原句：Since she was influenced by her teacher, she fell in love with English literature. 改写：Influenced by her teacher, she fell in love with English literature. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 she 和主句主语一致； 2.“被老师影响”是被动含义，省略 be 动词，用过去分词 done 改写。 让步状语从句 ⇋ 非谓语（议论文、挫折主题，补充被动done） 例句1 原句：Although he was faced with great pressure, he never gave up his dream. 改写：Faced with great pressure, he never gave up his dream. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 he 与主句主语一致； 2.be faced with 为固定被动搭配，省略连词与be动词，用过去分词 done。 例句2 原句：Though she had met many failures, she still stuck to her original goal. 改写：Having met many failures, she still stuck to her original goal. 改写依据： 1.从句主语 she 和主句主语一致； 2.“遭遇失败”先于“坚持目标”发生，主动语态，使用 having done 结构。 目的状语从句 ⇋ 非谓语（写作必加分结构，补充to do） 例句1 原句：We should think twice before we make a wise decision. 改写：To make a wise decision, we should think twice. 改写依据： 1.从句与主句主语一致，动作“做决定”是主句“三思”的目的； 2.表目的的状语从句改写，固定使用不定式 to do 结构。 例句2 原句：He takes notes carefully so that he can review knowledge after class. 改写：In order to review knowledge after class, he takes notes carefully. 改写依据： 1.从句表动作目的，主语与主句一致； 2.强调目的性，使用不定式 in order to do 改写。 专项训练 练习要求 1. 将状语从句改写为对应非谓语结构（doing / having done / done / to do）； 2. 填写完整改写依据，标注清楚语态、时间先后、结构类型。 一、时间状语从句改写 1. 原句：After they had planted many trees, the students beautified their school. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 2. 原句：When the workers finish the task on time, the workers can get their reward. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 二、原因状语从句改写 1. 原句：Because she was encouraged by her classmates, she dared to show herself on stage. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 2. 原句：Since he had read a lot of books, he had a broad knowledge. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 三、条件状语从句改写 1. 原句：If the rules are followed strictly, the class order will be better. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 2. 原句：If we form good reading habits, we can improve our language sense. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 四、目的状语从句改写（to do 专项） 1. 原句：She gets up early so that she can catch the first school bus. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 2. 原句：We should practice every day before we make progress in our study. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 五、让步状语从句改写 1. 原句：Although the project was full of challenges, they finished it successfully. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 2. 原句：Though she had spent much energy on the activity, she never felt tired. 改写：____________________________________________________ 改写依据：________________________________________________ 5.4 综合巩固练习题 1.________(wander) in the street, I came across my former desk-mate the other day. 答案：Wandering 解析：主语是I，I 和 wander（闲逛） 是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语，相当于 When I was wandering in the street。 2.Alibaba, founded by Jack Ma, ________(discover)a commercial opportunity on Singles Day. 答案：discovered 解析：阿里巴巴发现双十一商机是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，discover 过去式 discovered。 3.________(avoid)getting bitten, it is best to cover your skin with clothing. 答案：To avoid 解析：此处用不定式作目的状语，表“为了避免被咬”，结构：To do..., 主句...。 4.We long ________(get)the chance. 答案：to get 解析：固定搭配 long to do sth. 渴望做某事。 5.A giant species known for ________(produce)huge ears of corn. 答案：producing 解析：固定搭配 be known for doing sth. 因做某事而出名，for 是介词，后接动名词。 6.Parkos slipped and fell, ________(cause)an ankle injury. 答案：causing 解析：现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果，摔倒这件事导致脚踝受伤。 7.Instead of watching TV, you should try________(read) books. 答案：reading 解析：try doing sth. 尝试做某事（试着用看书代替看电视）； try to do 努力尽力做，此处用 doing 符合语境。 5.5 考试做题技巧总结 1.先找主句谓语，单句谓语唯一 2.有连词填谓语，无连词填非谓语 3.谓语看时态、语态、主谓一致 4.非谓语看逻辑主语：主动doing、被动done、目的to do 5.不及物动词、系动词永远无被动语态 六、 考点分类语法填空谓语和非谓语专项练习 6.1 谓语动词高频考点集训 1.一般时态（一般现在/过去/将来时） 1.Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. 2.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 3.She opened the door quietly and ________ (find) a small box lying on the floor. 4.The problem of food safety, especially in small restaurants, ________ (cause) public concern these days. 5.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36‑year‑old business. 6.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 7.When the accident happened, no one present ________ (realize) how serious the situation was. 8.The ancient building, built hundreds of years ago, ________ (serve) as a local library now. 9.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 10.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (address) the opening ceremony. 2.完成时态 1.She ________ (keep) in touch with her old friends through the Internet for years. 2.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 3.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years. 4.Great changes, along with new policies, ________ (take) place in this small town over the past five years. 5.No official decision ________ (announce) about the school’s reform plan up to the present. 6.Several new rules ________ (put) into effect since the new director took charge of the department. 7.So far, effective measures ________ (take) to reduce pollution in many industrial zones. 8.Established in the Huangmei region of Hubei Province, it ______ (gain)popularity over the years. 9.Over the years ,they ________ (visit) several ancient cities and have learned much about local culture. 3.被动语态 1.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not‑for‑profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600‑acre centre. 2.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 3.When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 4.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 5.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the new year. 6.On the last day of our week‑long stay，we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 7.Small mistakes in daily work ________ (ignore) easily, but they may cause big trouble later. 8.The details of the project must________ (check) again before the final report is handed in. 9.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty… 10. The valuable paintings, along with other works of art in the gallery, ________ (keep) in a dry and cool room every day. 11.The old stone bridge, built centuries ago, ________ (destroy) by a heavy flood last summer. 12.“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 4.主谓一致 1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table. 3.Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 4.Everything ________ (go) well with our study if we stick to daily practice 5.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 6.The father, as well as his three sons, ________ (be) fond of outdoor climbing in their spare time. 7.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 8.The remarkable development (mean) there is always something new to discover here 9.Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 10.A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 11.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes _______(be) one of them. 6.2 非谓语动词高频考点集训 1.不定式 to do 1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, You’ll be less likely (bring) your work home. 2.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. 3.They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 4.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 5.You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. 6.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. 7.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. 8.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. 9.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 10.It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 11.On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take_________(get) there. 12.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _________(find) and study areas of the South Pole‑Aitken basin. 13.They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 14.The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well‑known painter. 15.We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context… 16.The best way ________ (deal) with such complex social problems is to call on more people to take action. 17. (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 18.For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 19.I think it’s time (wake) up to the green alternative 20.The decision ________ (cancel) the sports meeting made many students disappointed. 2.动名词 doing 1.My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120‑plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 2.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 3.This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 4.The expert recommended ________ (limit) screen time for teenagers to protect their eyesight. 5.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 6.While ________ (explore) the ancient ruins hidden in the deep valley, the archaeologists found a well‑preserved stone tablet. 7.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes… 8.Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements. 9.A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britain's oldest full‑time employee‑still working 40 hours a week. 10.After ________ (complete) years of strict professional training, the young doctors finally got the chance to work in the top‑level hospital. 3.现在分词 doing 1.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 2.When we got a call (say) she was short‑listed，we thought it was a joke. 3.On the last day of our week‑long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，__________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 4.They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 5.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 6.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 7.He was back in the office, ______ (update) the work schedule on the computer. 8. (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai… 9.I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered 10. (live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic,I think it’s time to wake up to the green alternative. 11.______ (infer) from the conversation, we can tell that the boy doesn’t want to go to France. 12.The young scientist has just published a paper in the journal Nature ______ (analyse) the fires. 4.过去分词 done 1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid‑1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 2.…you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 3.It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind. 4.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 5. (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I am amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 6.with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 7.Two years later, a six‑meter‑tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion… 8.If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day… 9.As ______ (schedule), the music festival will be held on the playground from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. next Sunday. 10.It’s clear that the outpatient programme costs $105 per day, all ______ (include). 11.Face ______ (cover) in sweat, the farmer was walking through the field checking his crops. 12.The seats ______ (reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses. 13.A significant number of students seized the chance to thoroughly review the ______ (assign) materials before class. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法填空谓语和非谓语专项练习答案解析 十年真题动词考点考查频次统计总表 动词考点 具体考点 考查次数 谓语动词考点 1. 一般时态（一般现在/过去/将来时） 10 2. 进行时态 0 3. 完成时态 7 4. 被动语态 12 5. 主谓一致 11 非谓语动词考点 1. 不定式 to do 22 2. 动名词 doing 10 3. 现在分词 doing 11 4. 过去分词 done 8 填空练习答案 基础真题 1. Seen（非谓语，过去分词表被动） 2. saw（谓语，一般过去时） 3. based（非谓语，过去分词作后置定语） 4. was based（谓语，and并列被动语态） 5. had finished（谓语，过去完成时） 6. Having finished（非谓语，主动且动作先发生） 高考真题 1. built（非谓语，过去分词表被动） 2. was walking（谓语，过去进行时） 3. To improve（非谓语，不定式表目的） 4. are encouraged（谓语，一般现在时被动语态） 5. reading（非谓语，现在分词作伴随状语） 专项练习答案 一、时间状语从句改写 1.改写：Having planted many trees, the students beautified their school. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 they 与主句主语 the students 指代一致，满足改写前提； ② “种树”的动作发生在主句“美化校园”之前，为主动语态，因此使用 having done 结构。 2.改写：Finishing the task on time, the workers can get their reward. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 the workers 与主句逻辑主语匹配，可进行改写； ② 主句主语 the workers 和状语动词 finish 是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于 When the workers finish the task on time。 二、原因状语从句改写 1.改写：Encouraged by her classmates, she dared to show herself on stage. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 she 与主句主语一致，符合改写条件； ② “被同学鼓励”是被动含义，去掉连词和主语后，直接用过去分词 done 作非谓语。 2.改写：Having read a lot of books, he had a broad knowledge. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 he 与主句主语完全一致； ② “大量阅读”先于“拥有广博知识”发生，主动语态，使用 having done 结构。 三、条件状语从句改写 1.改写：Followed strictly, the class order will be better. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 the rules 与主句逻辑主语匹配，可改写； ② “规则被严格遵守”为被动含义，省略be动词，用过去分词 done 结构。 2.改写：Forming good reading habits, we can improve our language sense. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 we 与主句主语一致； ② “养成阅读习惯”与“提升语感”同时发生，主动语态，使用 doing 结构。 四、目的状语从句改写（to do 专项） 1.改写：To catch the first school bus, she gets up early. 改写依据： ① 从句表达主句动作的目的，且主从句主语一致； ② 表目的的状语从句改写，固定使用不定式 to do 结构。 2.改写：To make progress in our study, we should practice every day. 改写依据： ① “取得学习进步”是主句“每天练习”的目的，主语一致； ② 表目的优先使用不定式 to do 结构改写。 五、让步状语从句改写 1.改写：Being full of challenges, the project was finished successfully. 改写依据： ① 本句主从句主语不一致（the project / they），不可直接省略主语； ② 改用 being + 形容词 构成独立主格结构，体现状态伴随； （补充：若想保持主句主语不变，原句更稳妥的保留从句形式，写作中优先保证逻辑通顺） 2.改写：Having spent much energy on the activity, she never felt tired. 改写依据： ① 从句主语 she 与主句主语一致； ② “耗费精力”的动作先于主句“不感到疲惫”发生，主动语态，使用 having done 结构。 专题一 谓语动词考点答案与解析 1. 一般时态（一般现在/过去/将来时） 1.Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. 答案：managed 考点：一般过去时 解析：讲述过去发生的动作，用过去式managed。 2.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 答案：is 考点：一般现在时，主谓一致 解析：宾语从句为客观结论，用一般现在时，主语it为单数。 3.She opened the door quietly and ________ (find) a small box lying on the floor. 答案：found 考点：一般过去时 + and 并列谓语时态一致 解析：and 连接两个先后发生的过去动作，opened 为一般过去时，时态保持一致，用一般过去时。 4.The problem of food safety, especially in small restaurants, ________ (cause) public concern these days. 答案：causes 考点：一般现在时 + 介词短语作插入语 解析：真正主语为 the problem，of food safety / in small restaurants 为修饰成分；描述当下普遍现象，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语用第三人称单数。 5.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36‑year‑old business. 答案：declared 考点：一般过去时 解析：动作发生在过去，使用过去式declared。 6.（2019全国3卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 答案：recommended 考点：一般过去时，并列谓语 解析：与shared并列，时态保持一致。 7.When the accident happened, no one present ________ (realize) how serious the situation was. 答案：realized 考点：一般过去时 + 主从时态呼应 解析：when 引导时间状语从句为一般过去时，主从句时态保持一致；主语 no one 与 realize 为主动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。 8.The ancient building, built hundreds of years ago, ________ (serve) as a local library now. 答案：serves 考点：一般现在时 + 过去分词作插入语分隔主谓 解析：真正主语是 the ancient building，built…ago 为后置定语插入句中；now 表当前状态，用一般现在时，主语单数，谓语用第三人称单数。 9.We (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 答案：hired 考点：一般过去时 解析：讲述过去的动作，用过去式hired。 10.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (address) the opening ceremony. 答案：addressed 考点：一般过去时 解析：全文描述过去发生的活动，谓语动词用一般过去时。 2.完成时态 1.She ________ (keep) in touch with her old friends through the Internet for years. 答案：has kept 考点：现在完成时 解析：主语 she 与 keep 为主动关系；for years 表持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时主动语态。 2.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 答案：have reported 考点：现在完成时 解析：in recent years为现在完成时标志。 3.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years. 答案：have made 考点：现在完成时 解析：over the years 是现在完成时的时间标志。 4.Great changes, along with new policies, ________ (take) place in this small town over the past five years. 答案：have taken 考点：现在完成时；插入语干扰主谓一致 解析：真正主语是 great changes，along with…为插入语不改变主语复数；over the past five years 为现在完成时标志，take place 无被动，用主动语态。 5.No official decision ________ (announce) about the school’s reform plan up to the present. 答案：has been announced 考点：现在完成时 解析：主语 official decision 与 announce 构成被动关系，决定是“被公布”；up to the present 为现在完成时标志，用现在完成时被动。 6.Several new rules ________ (put) into effect since the new director took charge of the department. 答案：have been put 考点：现在完成时 解析：主语 several new rules 与 put 构成被动关系，规定是“被实施”；since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时被动语态。 7.So far, effective measures ________ (take) to reduce pollution in many industrial zones. 答案：have been taken 考点：现在完成时 解析：主语 effective measures 与 take 构成被动关系，措施是“被采取”；so far 为现在完成时标志词，故用现在完成时被动语态。 8. Established in the Huangmei region of Hubei Province, it ______ (gain)popularity over the years. 答案：has gained 考点：现在完成时 解析：over the years“多年来”为现在完成时标志词，主语it指代黄梅戏，用has gained；前一空为非谓语过去分词。 9.Over the years ,they ________ (visit) several ancient cities and have learned much about local culture. 答案：have visited 考点：现在完成时 解析：over the years  意为“多年来”，是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在，或对现在产生了影响，不能用一般过去时。 3.被动语态 1.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not‑for‑profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600‑acre centre. 答案：was allowed 考点：一般过去时的被动语态 解析：主语I和allow之间为被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，故用was allowed。 2.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 答案：be made 考点：情态动词后的被动语态 解析：chopsticks 和 make 之间为被动关系，情态动词 might 后用 be made。 3.When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 答案：are removed 考点：一般现在时被动语态 解析：主语fat and salt与remove是被动关系，全文为一般现在时，主语为复数，故用are removed。 4.Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：were used 考点：一般过去时被动语态 解析：主语steam engines和use是被动关系，全文为过去时态。 5.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the new year. 答案：has been told 考点：现在完成时被动语态 解析：Sarah 与 tell 为被动关系，强调过去动作对现在的影响。 6.On the last day of our week‑long stay，we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 答案：were invited 考点：一般过去时被动语态 解析：主语we与invite为被动关系，文章为过去时态。 7.Small mistakes in daily work ________ (ignore) easily, but they may cause big trouble later. 答案：are ignored 考点：一般现在时被动语态 解析：主语 small mistakes 与 ignore 为被动关系，错误是“被忽视”，陈述普遍现象，用一般现在时被动语态。 8.The details of the project must________ (check) again before the final report is handed in. 答案：be checked 考点：情态动词后的被动语态 解析：主语 the details 与动词 check 构成被动关系，细节是“被检查”；情态动词 must 后接 be done 构成情态动词的被动语态。 9.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. 答案：was built 考点：一般过去时被动语态 解析：城墙与建造是被动关系，唐代为过去时间。 10. The valuable paintings, along with other works of art in the gallery, ________ (keep) in a dry and cool room every day. 答案：are kept 考点：一般现在时被动语态 + 插入语干扰主谓一致 解析：真正主语是 the valuable paintings，along with… 为插入语，不改变主语复数属性；主语与 keep 构成被动关系，every day 表示经常性状态，用一般现在时被动语态。 11.The old stone bridge, built centuries ago, ________ (destroy) by a heavy flood last summer. 答案：was destroyed 考点：一般过去时被动语态 + 后置定语分隔主谓 解析：真正主语为 the old stone bridge，built centuries ago 是后置定语干扰判断；主语与 destroy 构成被动关系，last summer 为过去时间标志，用一般过去时被动语态。 12.“The players’ personalities (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 答案：are revealed 考点：一般现在时的被动语态 解析：主语 personalities 和 reveal 之间是被动关系（性格被展现出来）；后文时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，故用 are revealed。 4.主谓一致 1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 答案：is 考点：动名词作主语，主谓一致 解析：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，全文为一般现在时，故用is。 2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table. 答案：were 考点：一般过去时，主谓一致 解析：主语 knives 是复数，时态为一般过去时，故用were。 3.Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案：is 考点：动名词/不可数名词作主语，主谓一致 解析：fast food 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，一般现在时用is。 4.Everything ________ (go) well with our study if we stick to daily practice. 答案：goes 考点：一般现在时 & 主谓一致 解析：everything作主语，谓语动词用单数，描述普遍情况。 5. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 答案：are 考点：复数主语搭配复数谓语 解析：six指代sub‑populations，为复数，用are。 6.The father, as well as his three sons, ________ (be) fond of outdoor climbing in their spare time. 答案：is 考点：主谓一致——就远原则 解析：as well as 连接并列主语时，谓语动词和前面真正主语 the father 保持一致，主语为单数，故用 is。 7.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 答案：carries 考点：动名词作主语，一般现在时主谓一致 解析：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。 8.The remarkable development (mean) there is always something new to discover here 答案：means 考点：一般现在时主谓一致 解析：主语 development 是单数名词，整篇为客观介绍，谓语动词用第三人称单数 means。 9.Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 答案：were 考点：一般过去时 & 主谓一致 解析：句子主语是 some of the things，为复数；全文讲述两位古代作家的相关情况，整体用过去时态，因此 be 动词用复数过去式 were。 10.A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” 答案：tries 考点：一般现在时 & 主谓一致 解析：主语 a decent winner 是单数名词，always 表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数 tries。 11.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes _______(be) one of them. 答案：is 考点：一般现在时 & 主谓一致 解析：主语 the “sunshine scent” 为单数，全文为客观叙述，使用一般现在时，be 动词用 is。 专题四 非谓语动词考点答案与解析 1. 不定式 to do 1.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home. 答案：to bring 考点：不定式固定结构 解析：固定搭配 be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事。 2.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. 答案：to create 考点：不定式表目的 解析：此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来制作特殊样式”。 3.They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 答案：to process 考点：不定式固定结构 解析：be required to do sth. 被要求做某事。 4.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 答案：to prove 考点：want to do sth. 不定式作宾语 解析：want 后接不定式结构。 5.You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. 答案：to see 考点：不定式作目的状语 解析：用不定式表示“为了看到益处”。 6.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. 答案：to improve 考点：不定式作目的状语 解析：种植玉米的目的是改善水质，用不定式表目的。 7.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch. 答案：to stay 考点：allow sb. to do sth. 固定搭配 解析：不定式作宾语补足语。 8.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. 答案：to perform 考点：不定式固定结构 解析：固定搭配 be + 形容词 + to do sth. 9.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 答案：to retire 考点：不定式作后置定语 解析：固定搭配 have plans to do sth. 计划做某事。 10.It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 答案：to walk 考点：不定式固定句型 解析：It is possible to do sth. 11.On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take_________(get) there. 答案：to get 考点：不定式固定句型 解析：It takes + 时间 + to do sth. 12.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _________(find) and study areas of the South Pole‑Aitken basin. 答案：to find 考点：不定式作目的状语 解析：使用仪器的目的是探测研究，用不定式表目的。 13.They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 答案：to care 考点：固定结构 be + 形容词 + to do 解析：用不定式主动形式表被动含义。 14.The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well‑known painter. 答案：to find 考点：不定式固定搭配 解析：set out to do sth. 着手做某事。 15.We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context… 答案：to present 考点：非谓语动词（不定式作宾语） 解析：固定搭配 hope to do sth. 希望做某事，不定式作 hope 的宾语。 16.The best way ________ (deal) with such complex social problems is to call on more people to take action. 答案：to deal 考点：不定式作后置定语 解析：固定结构 the way to do sth.，不定式作后置定语修饰 the way，表“做某事的方法”。 17. (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media. 答案：To strengthen 考点：不定式作目的状语 解析：不定式置于句首，表举办活动的目的。 18.For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 答案：to teach 考点：不定式作目的状语 解析：此处表示讲述寓言的目的，与后面to pass on并列，用不定式to do结构。 19.I think it’s time (wake) up to the green alternative 答案：to wake 考点：不定式固定句型 解析：固定句型 It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了，不定式作后置定语。 20.The decision ________ (cancel) the sports meeting made many students disappointed. 答案：to cancel 考点：不定式作后置定语 解析：不定式 to cancel 修饰抽象名词 decision，表“……的决定”，属于高考常考抽象名词后接不定式结构 2. 动名词 doing 1.My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120‑plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 答案：introducing 考点：动名词作宾语 解析：动词include后接动名词作宾语，故用introducing。 2.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案：eating 考点：介词后接动名词 解析：介词by后需用动名词作宾语。 3.This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 答案：laying 考点：动词变动名词，并列结构 解析：和digging、building并列，作included的宾语，用动名词laying。 4.The expert recommended ________ (limit) screen time for teenagers to protect their eyesight. 答案：limiting 考点：动名词作宾语（固定搭配） 解析：固定搭配 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事，后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式 5.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 答案：dying 考点：介词后接动名词 解析：介词of后面需要用动名词作宾语。 6.While ________ (explore) the ancient ruins hidden in the deep valley, the archaeologists found a well‑preserved stone tablet. 答案：exploring 考点：while 引导状语从句的省略结构 解析：从句主语与主句主语 the archaeologists 一致，可省略主语和be动词；主语与 explore 是主动关系，while 后接现在分词 doing。 7.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes… 答案：looking 考点：avoid doing 固定搭配 解析：avoid 后接动名词作宾语。 8.Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements. 答案：noting 考点：介词后接动名词 解析：介词by后需用动名词作宾语。 9. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britain's oldest full‑time employee‑still working 40 hours a week. 答案：being 考点：介词后接动名词 解析：介词for后面需要用动名词作宾语。 10.After ________ (complete) years of strict professional training, the young doctors finally got the chance to work in the top‑level hospital. 答案：completing 考点：after 引导时间状语从句的省略结构 解析：主从句主语同为 the young doctors，主语与 complete 为主动关系，省略从句主语和be动词，after 后接 doing。 3.  现在分词 doing 1.People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. 答案：using 考点：现在分词作伴随状语 解析：主语 people 和 use 是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 2.When we got a call (say) she was short‑listed，we thought it was a joke. 答案：saying 考点：现在分词作后置定语 解析：call与say是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 3.On the last day of our week‑long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，__________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 答案：listening 考点：现在分词作伴随状语 解析：主语we与listen为主动关系，用现在分词。 4.They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 答案：coming 考点：现在分词作后置定语 解析：earth与come是主动关系，用现在分词。 5.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 答案：surrounding 考点：现在分词作宾语补足语 解析：see sth. doing 看见某物正在做某事，主动关系用现在分词。 6.He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 答案：planning 考点：现在分词作伴随状语 解析：主语 he 与 plan 是主动关系，用现在分词。 7.He was back in the office, ______ (update) the work schedule on the computer. 答案：updating 考点：现在分词作伴随状语 解析：主语He与update为主动关系，用现在分词表伴随动作。 8. (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai… 答案：Recalling 考点：非谓语动词（现在分词作状语） 解析：逗号前无主语，为非谓语作状语；逻辑主语是后面的 Edmondson，人与回忆是主动关系，因此用现在分词 Recalling。 9.I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered 答案：recording 考点：固定搭配 + 非谓语 解析：固定结构 spend time (in) doing sth.，介词 in 可省略，后面接动名词 recording。 10. (live) in a time when most of our homes are filled with plastic,I think it’s time to wake up to the green alternative 答案：Living 考点：现在分词作原因/伴随状语 解析：逻辑主语 I 与 live 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，表伴随状态。 11.______ (infer) from the conversation, we can tell that the boy doesn’t want to go to France. 答案：Inferring 解析：现在分词作状语，主语we主动发出推断动作。 12.The young scientist has just published a paper in the journal Nature ______ (analyse) the fires. 答案：analysing 解析：现在分词作后置定语，paper主动发出analyse动作。 4. 过去分词 done 1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid‑1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 答案：permitted 考点：过去分词作后置定语 解析：reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 2.…you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 答案：decorated 考点：过去分词作宾语补足语 解析：them指代橘子树，与decorate为被动关系。 3.It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind. 答案：shared 考点：过去分词作定语 解析：future与share为被动关系，用过去分词作前置定语。 4.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message (intend) for everyone. 答案：intended 考点：过去分词作后置定语 解析：固定搭配be intended for，此处作后置定语，省略be动词，用过去分词intended。 5. (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I am amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 答案：Having visited / Visited 考点：非谓语动词作状语 解析：主语 I 与 visit 是主动关系，且动作先于主句动作发生，用 Having visited；也可直接用 Visited 作状语。 6.with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 答案：built 考点：过去分词作前置定语 解析：system 和 build 是被动关系，“被修建的环路系统”，用过去分词 built。 7.Two years later, a six‑meter‑tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion… 答案：inspired 考点：非谓语动词（过去分词作后置定语） 解析：pavilion 和 inspire 之间是被动关系，亭子“被《牡丹亭》启发而建造”，用过去分词 inspired 作后置定语。 8.If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day… 答案：left 考点：非谓语动词（过去分词作后置定语） 解析：a sheet or shirt 与 leave 之间是被动关系，衣物“被放置在阳光下晾晒”，用过去分词 left 作后置定语。 9.As ______ (schedule), the music festival will be held on the playground from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. next Sunday. 答案：scheduled 解析：固定结构 as scheduled 按计划。 10.It’s clear that the outpatient programme costs $105 per day, all ______ (include). 答案：included 解析：所有项目被包含，过去分词作状语。 11.Face ______ (cover) in sweat, the farmer was walking through the field checking his crops. 答案：covered 解析：with复合结构省略with，face与覆盖被动。 12.The seats ______ (reserve预定) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses. 答案：reserved 解析：座位与预定被动，过去分词作定语。 13.A significant number of students seized the chance to thoroughly review the ______ (assign) materials before class. 答案：assigned 解析：材料与布置被动，过去分词作定语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $