语法专项复习之介词 课件-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高中语法 专项复习 介词 介词是用在名词或代词前面，表示其与句中其他部分在位置，时间，逻辑上的关系，是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，介词和它后面的宾语构成介词短语。 1.介词的定义 2.介词的分类 简单介词:多为单个词，用于表示基本关系：如 in, on, at, about, over等 复合介词：由两个词组合而成，表示更具体的动作或状态：如 into, onto, without, upon等 短语介词：由多个词构成，相当于一个整体介词：如 because of, in front of, according to等 介词的定义和分类 1. At（瞄准一个 “点”） 时间用法 精确时间点：at ten o’clock, at half past three 短暂时间概念：at noon, at midnight, at dawn 特定时间状语：at first, at last, at the moment 地点用法 小范围 / 具体场所：at home, at school, at the bus stop 工作 / 学习场景：at the bank, at Yale 地址门牌号前：at 78 Nanjing Road 其他用法 年龄：at 25 电话号码前：call at 023-47835148 固定搭配：be good at, laugh at, at the end of 三、常见介词的用法 2. On（附着在 “表面 / 特定某一天”） 时间用法 具体某一天：on Monday, on June 1st, on Children’s Day 带修饰的早中晚：on Sunday morning, on a cold night 地点用法 物体表面：on the desk, on the wall, on the floor 临街 / 接壤：on this street, on the north of the US 其他用法 关于：a book on history 固定搭配：on foot, on duty, on business, on the other hand 3. In（处于一个 “范围 / 容器” 里） 时间用法 大范围时间：in 2026, in May, in summer, in the 21st century 泛指早中晚：in the morning/afternoon/evening 一段时间后（将来）：in three days 地点用法 大范围 / 内部：in China, in Beijing, in the classroom 容器 / 空间内：in the box, in the water 穿着：in red, in a uniform 其他用法 语言 / 方式：in English, in a low voice 固定搭配：in fact, in time, in public, in trouble We arrived ____ the airport ____ dawn, but the plane was delayed ____ an hour due to bad weather. ____ the morning of December 25th, children usually wake up early to look for presents ____ the Christmas tree. She has been working ____ this company ____ 2018, and she plans to retire ____ the age of 60. The meeting will be held ____ Room 302 ____ the third floor, which is ____ the end of the corridor. ____ fact, I’m not good ____ remembering names, so please remind me of yours next time. Practice He lives ____ 123 Main Street, ____ a small apartment ____ the city center. The accident happened ____ a rainy night when the driver was driving ____ a speed of over 100 km/h. We will finish the project ____ two weeks, and then we’ll have a party ____ the weekend. The book is written ____ English, and it focuses ____ the history of ancient China. ____ my surprise, he didn’t show up ____ the meeting, even though he said he would come ____ time. 参考答案: at; at; for On; under at; since; at in; on; at In; at at; in; in on; at in; at in; on To; at; on 4. To(朝向一个“方向”） 核心意象：表示方向、目的或对象 to既是介词，又是动词不定式符号。是动词不定式符号时，后面跟的是动词原形；是介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。 “to”的十种用法 1.表示方向或终点 Eg: I am going to the park. 2.表时间范围：“直到......为止” Eg: The store is open from 9 AM to 5 PM. 3.表所属或关联关系 Eg: The key to the door. The solution to the problem. 4.表示接受者：“给” Eg: He gave a book to me. 5.用于动词不定式:表示动作的目的、意图或计划。 Eg: I want to go. 6.表添加或增加某物。 Eg：Add two more cups of water to the mixture. 7.表示比较，对比: Eg: This one is superior to that one. 8.表达行为的目标或预期结果 Eg: He studied to become a doctor. 9.表示原因或目的:特别是与“in orderto”或“so as to"连用时,to表示为了达到某个目的或原因。 Eg: He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 10.固定搭配:（重要考点） look forward to期待 pay attention to注意 stick to坚持 be used to 习惯于 get to到达;开始 due to由于 according to根据 thanks to多亏 help oneself to自便 考点精练: (1) 根据括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 ① We must pay attention to (protect) the environment. ② We can make a contribution to (keep) our city clean. ③ The boy gets used to (get) up early every day. ④ I prefer staying at home to (go) out in cold winter. ⑤ The girl looks forward to (hear)from her boyfriend. protecting keeping getting going hearing (2) 把下列句子翻译成汉语，特别注意介词to 的用法。 ① I’m looking forward to your good news. ② When you write a composition, you should pay more attention to your spelling. ③ According to the weather forecast ,there will be rain in most part of China. ④ Mr. Mao has made a great contribution to our country. ⑤ I prefer playing volleyball to playing basketball. 5. From(表示“起源”和“起点”） 核心意象：从......来，表示起点，来源或起源 1.(表示来源、起源)“来自...”“从 ...” Eg: I'm from China. 2.(表时间、地点的起点）“从...开始”“从...(地点)出发/开始” Eg: She has worked here from 2020. 3.(原因、动机) “因为...”“由于...” Eg: She suffered from a bad cold. 4.(分离、区别)“与...分开”“从...脱离” Eg: The cake is divided from the rest. 5、其他常见搭配 from now/then on从现在/那时起 from morning to night从早到晚 learn from sb.向某人学习 be from = come from来自 hear from sb.收到某人的消息/来信 borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物 from under sth. .从.... 下方 from behind sth. .....后面 from across sth. .从..... 对面 from among sth. .....之中 6. For(为了“目的/受益”） 核心意象：为了......, 对于......, 持续...... 1.用于表示时间、距离、数量等的长短。 eg: He ran for 10 kilometers. 2.用于表达做某事的原因或目的. eg: She bought a new dress for the party. 3.表示用途 eg: This pen is designed for writing. 4.表示目标或去向 eg:Is this train for Paris? 5.表示等值或交换。 eg: She exchanged her dollars for euros at the bank. 6.表示天赋，喜好。 eg: She has a talent for music. 7.当for与不定式连用时,它可以引出一个逻辑上的主语,说明动作的发出者或行为的执行者。 eg: He was praised for his outstanding performance. 8.表示代表某人或某物。 eg: Mr. Wang will speak for our class. 9.表示支持，赞成。 eg: She's for equal opportunities for everyone in the workplace. 10.表示作为,当作。 eg: They took her silence for consent. 11.表示就...而言。 eg: For a beginner, he does very well. 12.表示适合某人或某事。 eg: This jacket is perfect for cold weather. 13.固定搭配 for all尽管 for certain 确切地 for company陪着 for ever永远 for luck祝福 for fear以免 for example例如 for oneself为自己 for fun为了好玩 for free免费 for nothing白白地 for life终身 for long长久 for short简称 for sale供出售 7. Of(表示所属/构成） 核心意象：......的, 表示从属关系或构成材料（A是B的一部分） 1.表示所属关系或所有权。A of B（A属于B，或A与B有关）。 eg: the legs of the table. 2.表示来源或出处（名词+of+来源） eg: the product of the factory. 3.表示关于或涉及 eg: a book of travel 4.表示组成或材料 eg: a week consists of seven days. 5.表示原因。 eg: die of hunger. 6.表示分离或剥夺 eg: relieve someone of duty 7.表示部分 eg: this is a photo of mine. 8.表示数量或度量 eg: a cup of tea. 9.表示特征或性质 eg: a girl of 18 10.固定搭配 a lot of 许多 be proud of 为...自豪 think of 想到 be fond of 喜欢 in aid of 帮助 in face of 面对 8.With (带着“伴随/工具） 核心意象：和......一起，用......工具，带有......特征 ★1.with+人→表示“一起” ●She went to the park with her dog. ★2.with+物体→表示“带有，具有” ●She' s a girl with long hair. ★3.with+具体工具→表示“使用” ●Cut the cake with a knife. 4.持有，随身携带 ●I have no money with me. 5.因为，由于 ●He' s happy with his new job. 6.表示姿势，状态或某人做某事的情形 ●She sleeps with the window open. 7.表示“对立” 或“对抗” ●They fought with the enemy. 8.固定搭配 be filled with 充满 play with 和...玩耍 put up with 忍受，容忍 connect with 与...联系 come up with 提出 catch up with sb 赶上某人 口诀助记: "With用法多,伴随工具和特征; 原因对立也用它，固定搭配要记牢!” 9.By (表示“方式/手段） 核心意象：“在旁边”和“通过”。可以想象一个人从某物的旁边走过。 1.表示「时间」到...为止，在...之前 ●By the time I arrived, they had left. 2.表示「方式、手段或工具」 通过某种方法或行动; 使用交通工具/通信方式;借助某种工具或设备 ●She learned English by watching movies. 3.表示「被动语态中的执行者」 引出动作的发出者(常与被动语态连用) ●The book was written by a famous author. 4.表示「位置或方向」 靠近/在...旁边;经过某个地方 ●Sit by the window for a better view. 5.表示「数量或程度变化」 增减的幅度;倍数关系 ●The price increased by 10%. 6.固定搭配与习惯表达 by car/ plane 乘坐汽车/飞机 by chance (偶然) by mistake (错误) by the way顺便说一下 by oneself独自地 by and by不就之后 by far....得多 10.About (关于“围绕”） 核心意象：关于，大约 ●关于:用于谈论某事或某物，可以与动词、形容词或名词搭配。 例如：He began to ask her about herself. ●在....附近:用于描述位置。 例如：Everything about me is so beautiful. ●在....范围，到处:用于描述某物在某地分布广泛。 例如：The papers were scattered about the floor. ●表示“大约”:用于描述数量、时间、年龄等的近似值 例如: It's about five o'clock. ●用于动词know, hear, speak等之后:在这些动词后使用about与不使用，含义有差别。 例如：I have heard about him, but I don't know him. ●用于be about to结构:意为“即将“、“马上”，注意不与具体的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to return to his homeland. ●表示“忙于......” .例如: What are you about ? 四、常见介词的辨析 1. 时间辨析：In, On, At（“体、面、点”再回顾） 介词 核心意象 用法范围 经典例子 At 点 具体钟点 at 7:00, at noon, at night On 面 具体的某一天/日期 on Monday, on May 1st, on a cold morning In 体 较长时段 in 2024, in summer, in the 21st century 注意：1.早上/下午/晚上 用 in the morning/afternoon/evening。 2.但 如果具体到某一天的早上，就要用 on：on Monday morning, on a rainy evening。 2. 地点辨析：In, On, At（“体、面、点”再回顾） 介词 核心意象 用法范围 经典例子 At 点 将一个地方视为一个点（地址、车站、门口） at the bus stop, at 123 Main Street, at the door On 面 在物体表面（有接触） on the wall, on the floor, on the page In 体 在某个空间/范围/区域的内部 in the room, in the park, in China, in the world 注意：1.“在树上”：苹果长在树上（是树的一部分）用 on the tree。鸟在树上（外来物）用 in the tree。 2.“在照片里”：指照片内容用 in the picture。指照片这个实物表面用 on the picture。 3. 方式/工具辨析：By, With, In 介词 核心意象 用法范围 经典例子 By 通过 泛指某种方式、手段，尤其是交通工具 by bus, by doing sth (通过做某事)， learn by heart With 用（工具） 表示使用具体、有形的工具或身体部位 write with a pen, cut it with scissors, see with my eyes In 用（材料/语言） 表示使用某种语言、材料（抽象或无形） speak in English, write in ink/pencil, pay in cash 4. 方向/对象辨析：To, For 介词 核心意象 用法范围 经典例子 To 朝向，给 表示运动的方向或转移的对象 go to school, give it to me, talk to you For 为了，替 表示目的、利益或代替 buy a gift for you, It’s time for lunch, work for a company 易错 1：三个介词均意为 “在......上面”，区别是什么呢？ 使用 on 时，表示两个物体相接触，一个在另一个之上。 使用 over 时，表示一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正上方。 使用 above 时，表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，不接 触，也不一定垂直。 其他常见辨析： 易错 2：三个介词均意为 “在......下面”，区别是什么呢？ 使用 beneath 时，表示两个物体相接触，一个在另一个的下面。 使用 under 时，表示一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正下方。 使用 below 时，表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，不接 触，也不一定垂直。 易错3：两个介词都有“穿过”的意思，有什么区别呢？ across 意为 “横穿，穿过”，从一边到另一边; 横过。 through 指从物体的内部 “穿过”，从一端至另一端; 穿过; 贯穿; 经过。 五、常见固定搭配辨析 1. be good at... (擅长...) vs. be good for... (对...有益) · I am good at English. (我擅长英语。) · Exercise is good for your health. (运动对你的健康有益。) 2. be famous for... (以...出名) vs. be famous as... (作为...出名) · China is famous for the Great Wall. (中国以长城闻名。) · He is famous as a scientist. (他作为一名科学家而出名。) 3. be angry with sb (生某人的气) vs. be angry at/about sth (因某事生气) · The teacher is angry with Tom. (老师在生汤姆的气。) · She is angry about the result. (她对结果很生气。) of sb. 与 for sb.的区别 (1) of sb.用于It is + adj.+ of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为 clever , nice , kind , foolish等描述人物性格特征的词，of 后 的人物与形容词有主表关系。 (2) for sb.用于It is +adj.+ for sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为 easy , important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与 形容词没有主表关系。 考点精练 It is careless him to make the same mistake again. I think it important him to be more careful next time. A. to ; for B. of ; to C. of ; for D. for ; of C 五、介词短语及固定搭配 (一) 介词短语 1. at + n. at the same time at home at present at times at birth 同时 在家 目前 有时 出生时 2. by + n. by accident by the time by mistake by the way by the end of by hand 偶然地 到……时候 错误地 顺便说一下 到……结束时 亲手做 3. in + n. in agreement in need in order to in fact in return in the south of in order in public in time in the way in a word in a hurry in the future 意见达成一致 在危机中 为了 作为回报 在……的南部 当众 及时 挡道；妨碍 总而言之 匆忙，急忙 在未来 事实上 整齐，按顺序 4. on + n. on the other hand on duty on time on vacation on business 另一方面 值日；值班 准时；按时 在度假 出差 5. 其他常见介词短语 at least because of after all by oneself between…and… instead of according to to one’s surprise 至少 因为，由于 毕竟 在......和......之间 单独地 代替，而不是 根据 令人惊讶的是 (二) 介词与动词的搭配 agree with learn from… practice…with… protect…from… look forward to ask for prepare for provide…for…… 同意 从 / 向……学习 和……一起练习 期待 要求 保护……免受…… 为……做准备 为……提供…… (三) 介词与形容词或 v.ed 的搭配 1. be + adj. / v.ed + of be full of 充满 be afraid of 害怕 be fond of 喜欢 be proud of 对……感到自豪 be/get tired of 对……感到厌倦 2. be + adj. / v.ed + from be absent from 缺席 be different from 与……不同 be separated from 和……分开 3. be + adj. / v.ed + for be late for 迟到 be famous/known/well-known for 因……而著名be/get ready for 为……做好准备 be thirsty for 渴望 be good for 对……有好处 be thankful for 对……心存感激 4. be + adj. / v.ed + with be angry with 对……生气 be satisfied/pleased with 对……感到满意 be patient with 对……有耐心 be strict with 对……要求严格 (四) 固定句型 It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说…… It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事太…… It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人该做某事的时间了。 介词和介词短语考点精练 用合适的介词或介词短语填空，每空一词。 We arrived ____ the station just ____ time to catch the early train. She has been living in this city ____ 2015, and she has worked in three different companies ____ that time. The report focuses ____ the effect of climate change ____ the local ecosystem. ____ the help of her teacher, she finally succeeded ____ passing the exam. The concert will be held ____ the evening of July 18th, and tickets are available ____ the box office. He is not used ____ speaking in public, so he feels nervous ____ the beginning of the speech. ____ my opinion, the best way to learn English is to practice ____ speaking and writing every day. The children were playing ____ the park when it suddenly began to rain heavily. She apologized ____ her mistake and promised to learn ____ it. The museum is open ____ visitors from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and it is closed ____ Mondays. 答案： at; in since; since on; on With; in on; at to; at In; by in for; from to; on Thank you $