高二下学期期末实战模拟卷十一 主题阅读8 人与自然——探索海洋-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高二下学期英语期末实战模拟卷

高二下学期期末实战模拟卷十一 [主题阅读8]人与自然一探索海洋 (时间40分钟，满分50分) I.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A A new four-legged whale species was recently discovered by a team of researchers in Egypt.The fossil which was encased in a tomb of rock dates back to over 43 million years 1 ago! 整 This ancient creature had four functional legs,so it could dwell on both land and in water.Ironically,Egypt's Fayum Depression,the desert where the fossil was discovered, was an ocean millions of years ago. Researchers believe this fossil is an example from an era when land animals were adap- ting to marine life.Modern whales evolved from deer-like land mammals over the course of 铂 millions of years,and this unique whale could travel across land and swim in the ocean. The new species is named Phiomicetus Anubis because the whale's skull resembles the Egyptian jackal-headed god of death,Anubis.Scientists have also been able to recover the whale's partial skeleton.They inferred that the ancient whale was about three meters in 的 length and weighed 1,300 pounds.The mammal had a long mouthful of teeth,which indi- 1 cated that it fed on smaller mammals and other sea life. 是 After analyzing the remains at Mansoura University in the Nile River Delta,scientists supposed that P.Anubis is the oldest semi-aquatic whale species found in Africa.Although the fossil itself was discovered thirteen years ago,researchers just completed the analysis and made the exciting announcement of a new species.Other whale fossils with legs have been found before,but the P.Anubis is the earliest,of its kind found in Africa. 1.Where did the researchers find the fossil? A.In the India Ocean. B.On the Rock Islands. 将 C.In the Fayum Depression. D.In the Nile River Delta. 2.What helped scientists figure out Phiomicetus Anubis's diet? 我 A.Its weight. B.Its length. C.Its teeth. D.Its legs. 3.What can we infer from the text? A.The study of Phiomicetus Anubis is time-consuming. B.The analysis of Phiomicetus Anubis has a long way to go. C.Phiomicetus Anubis is the oldest mammal found in Africa. 期 D.Phiomicetus Anubis is the world's largest semi-aquatic whale species. 乃 Getting to Antarctica is not easy.The few who are lucky enough to visit this most 1 mysterious continent do so by ships.To reach Antarctica,ships must pass through a noto- riously violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage,considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet. Walls of water thirty,sometimes forty feet high continually crashed about our ship for two solid days.We would hold on to a rope inside the ship while being violently tipped to one extreme side,then to the other,and then back again.My daughter Claire and I were as mentally prepared as we could be. 英语11-1 About two and a half days after entering the Drake Passage,the waters calmed.Soon, we noticed small black spots on nearby pieces of floating ice.Emperor penguins!Then,we began the two-mile hike over the ice to the penguin colony.Within several hundred yards, little clusters of emperors,perhaps ten or so at a time,greeted us,sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises,sort of a nasally squeal. One day two adult emperors with their three chicks in-tow approached Claire,who was resting on the ice.They left the chicks with her,as if she were the babysitter.Twenty minutes later they returned to collect the chicks,and I will never forget the penguin that, when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters,pointed a wing in the correct di- rection.Every night aboard our safe and warm ship,we thought about what it takes to survive in Antarctica,an incredibly harsh place. But each day on the ice,we also thought about the Drake Passage,that monstrous body of water we had to endure to get where we were.Over the course of our visit,we came to respect the power of that sea.We still talk about the penguins,as I'm sure we al- ways will.But we talk about the Drake too.Both experiences were unforgettable,and one would not have been possible without the other. 4.What does the underlined word "notoriously"mean in Paragraph 1? A.Frequently traveled. B.Hard to locate. C.Recognized negatively. D.Aimlessly sailed. 5.Which of the following best describe the voyage in the Drake Passage? A.Boring. B.Comfortable. C.Smooth. D.Difficult. 6.What does the author mostly focuses on penguins when describing them? A.Dependence on one another. B.Collecting their baby chicks in time. C.Friendly and entertaining behavior. D.Ability to survive in their environment. 7.What did the author most likely gain from his experience? A.An increased respect for the power of nature. B.An understanding of how animals survive in cold climates. C.An awareness of the types of activities his daughter enjoys. D.An interest in other journeys that involve physical challenges. C We live in a world of plastic.Shopping bags,drink bottles,your toothbrush and even your clothes are among the everyday items made from plastic.But plastic isn't fantastic, and neither is the current state of our environment. Humans have been producing plastic on a large scale since 1950.We produce hundreds of millions of tonnes of plastic every year and production is only increasing.Unfortunately, most of it is used only once and then thrown away.Only a small part of plastic is recycled. The majority ends up in our oceans. A Plastic Ocean is a documentary film directed by the Australian journalist Craig Lee- son.It dives into and investigates the terrible influence that plastic has caused to our envi- ronment,especially our ocean life.What starts off as an adventure to film the blue whale, the largest animal on the planet,leads to the shocking discovery of a thick layer of plastic floating in the middle of the Indian Ocean.The film sends the message that our actions and choices can severely impact the planet. 英语11-2 Plastic is so widely used because it is durable and cheap.Unfortunately,this durability is the same quality that makes it so detrimental to the environment.Most plastics do not break down chemically.Instead,they break into smaller and smaller pieces that can persist in the environment for an extensive period of time. Because it is so affordable,developing countries use plastics extensively and much of the rubbish is washed into the ocean when it rains. When smaller pieces of plastic are eaten by animals in the sea,toxins()are re- leased and become stored in their tissue.These toxins accumulate up the food chain and can eventually end up on our dinner tables.The consumption of the polluted seafood can cause many health problems including cancer,immune system problems,and even childhood de- velopmental issues.Society's huge appetite for plastic is literally poisoning us. 8.How long have we used plastic extensively? A.More than 40 years. B.More than 50 years. C.More than 60 years. D.More than 70 years. 9.Why did Craig Leeson direct A Plastic Ocean? A.To introduce the ocean life. B.To show the harm of plastic. C.To describe the beauty of the ocean. D.To indicate the common use of plastic. 10.What does the underlined word "detrimental"in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Similar. B.Difficult, C.Harmful. D.Important. 11.Which proverb can best express the main idea of the last paragraph? A.You get what you pay for. B.There is no smoke without fire. C.Everything happens for a reason. D.What goes around comes around. D Blue whales,the earth's largest animals,call to others of their kind,though exactly what these cries communicate remains a mystery.But these sounds have begun evolving( )Since at least the 1960s,the pitch()of Antarctic blue whales has downshifted. Scientists have theories as to why:all involving humans. The deepening of their sounds is not unique.Many blue whales around the world have also dropped their pitch.In a study last year that analyzed more than 1 million individual recordings of whale calls,scale shifts were found across species,and among populations that don't necessarily interact with one another.This is to say,whatever has caused the change doesn't seem to have a specific geographic origin. The underwater noises caused by ocean traffic and at-sea industries might seem a likely criminal.However,scientists have identified lowered pitches even across populations of whales that live in seas without major shipping routes. One possible explanation for the change is the achievements of global conservation ef- forts.As their populations have grown,then,the whales may have decreased their volume because they are more likely to be communicating over short distances. Last year's study of whale calls also suggests a threatening reason for the drop in pitch,however.Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud because sound waves travel far- ther in oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide. 英语11-3 Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,meanwhile,may also indirectly influence whale voices in other ways.Recent study shows that,during the summer,the whales must use their top volume to be heard in the cracking ice-a natural sound increased by unnatural processes,as rising temperatures worsen ice-melt.So the impacts of a warming planet may modulate animal sounds even in remote places. 12.To what extent is whales'pitch drop? A.Across the species. B.In the Antarctic ocean. C.Among some populations. D.Within one million individuals. 13.What causes the evolving of whales'pitch according to the text? A.Less communication and more threat. B.Protection efforts and acidic sea water. C.Sharp decrease of whales'populations. D.Underwater noises by ships and industries. 14.What does the underlined word "modulate"mean in the last paragraph? A.Produce. B.Damage. C.Balance. D.Change. 15.What can we infer from the text? A.Man is the soul of nature. B.Man and nature are in one. C.Nature pardons no mistakes. D.Nature has the final say over man. Ⅱ.阅读填句（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） As long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take things from the ocean,and we should give things to it. We take fish from the ocean-millions of kilograms of fish,every year-to feed bil- lions of people.1 We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates().2 Much gold and silver dissolve()in the water of the sea,too.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls be- come jewelry.3 Seaweed becomes foods of many kinds-even candy,and ice cream- as well as medicine.Believe it or not,fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water.4 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salt and other im- purities are removed.In the future,we will find ourselves depending more and more on 烯 fresh water from the sea. The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts.What do we give to the sea?Garbage.5 Huge as it is,the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour in- to it.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.Yet as the world population grows,we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully,it is not too late. A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D.Along with salt,other minerals are left after evaporation. E.We even use their bones for fertilizer. F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness. G.We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea. 英语11-4merous flagship stores(旗舰店)，as well as hundreds of smaller shops.It is the biggest shopping street within Inner London.Though not necessarily the most expen- sive or fashionable,it is considered to be the most im- portant,and forms part of a larger shopping area with Regent Street,Bond Street and a number of other smaller nearby streets.(牛津街是许多大型百货公司和众多旗舰 店以及数百家小型商店的所在地。它是伦敦市中心最 大的购物街。虽然不一定是最昂贵或最时尚的，但它 被认为是最重要的，并与摄政街、邦德街和附近其他一 些较小的街道构成了一个较大购物区的一部分。)”可 知，牛津街拥有许多大型百货公司和众多旗舰店，是伦 敦市中心最大的购物街，被认为是最重要的，并且是一 个较大购物区的一部分，由此可推断出，牛津街在伦敦 的贸易中起着重要作用。] 高二下学期期末 答案 I.1-5 CCACD 6-10 C A D B C I,A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了埃及 一组研究人员的新发现一一种四足鲸。文章介绍了这 种物种的特点以及研究人员对这种生物的看法。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“Ironically,Egypt''s Fayum Depression,the desert where the fossil was dis- covered,was an ocean millions of years ago.(具有讽刺 意味的是，发现化石的埃及Fayum Depression沙漠在数 百万年前是一片海洋。)”可知，研究人员在Fayum De- pression发现的化石。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第四段“The mammal had a long mouthful of teeth,which indicated that it fed on smaller mammals and other sea life,.(这种哺乳动物有一口长长 的牙齿，这表明它以较小的哺乳动物和其他海洋生物为 食。)”可知，Phiomicetus Anubis的牙齿帮助科学家们弄 清楚它的饮食。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“After analyzing the remains at Mansoura University in the Nile River Delta, scientists supposed that P.Anubis is the oldest semi-a- quatic whale species found in Africa.Although the fossil itself was discovered thirteen years ago,researchers just completed the analysis and made the exciting announce- ment of a new species.(在分析了尼罗河三角洲曼苏拉 大学的遗骸后，科学家们认为P.Anubis是非洲发现的 最古老的半水生鲸鱼物种。虽然化石本身是13年前发 现的，但研究人员刚刚完成分析，并宣布了一个令人兴 奋的新物种。)”可推知，研究Phiomicetus Anubis很费时 间。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 作者和女儿去南极洲的路程中成功穿越德雷克海峡，并最 终看到了帝企鹅。 4.C[词义猜测题。根据下文“considered to be the roug- hest stretch of sea on the planet'”可知，要到达南极洲，船 只必须经过一片以波涛汹涌著称的海域—德雷克海 峡。画线单词notoriously为“臭名昭著地；众所周 知地”。] 5.D[推理判断题。根据第二段“Walls of water thirty, sometimes forty feet high continually crashed about our ·1 Ⅱ，[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利 及其首都罗马在经济和文化方面的一些特点。 1.F[设空处的前一句介绍了罗马斗兽场的始建年代，此 处应该继续介绍它的特点。故选F项。] 2.B[根据空格前的内容可知，意大利现在的经济比以前 强大了；而空格后一句是现在的经济情况，故此处应选B 项，说明其过去的经济情况，两者形成对比。] 3.E[本段主要介绍意大利的经济情况，空格后介绍的是 南方的情况，与之对应的应该是北方的经济特点。故选 E项。」 4,G[根据空格后的内容可知，此处主要介绍意大利人的 日常生活。G项“虽然有一些超市，但许多人还是在小型 的社区市场购物。”符合语境。] 5.D[空格后的句子表明在意大利，家庭成员花很多时间 在一起，由此可知，家庭对意大利人的生活方式非常重 要，因此D项符合语境。] 实战模拟卷十一 速查 11-15 DA BDB I.1-5 EDAFB ship for two solid days.We would hold on to a rope in- side the ship while being violently tipped to one extreme side,then to the other,and then back again..”可推断，德 雷克海峡非常难穿越。] 6.C[推理判断题。根据第三段“Within several hundred yards,little clusters of emperors,perhaps ten or so at a time,greeted us,sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises,sort of a nasally squeal..”以及第 四段“and I will never forget the penguin that,.when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters,point- ed a wing in the correct direction.”可推断，作者在描述 帝企鹅时，重，点描述了这些企鹅的友好和有趣的行为。] 7.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Over the course of our visit,we came to respect the power of that sea." 知，作者的这次南极洲之旅，使作者更加尊重自然的力 量。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。塑料在给我们带来 很多好处的同时也给环境带来极大的破坏。文章主要介 绍了塑料给海洋造成的严重污染。 8.D[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，人类大规模生产塑 料是从1950年开始的。由此可知，我们已经使用塑料 70多年了。] 9.B[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，电影A Plastic O- cean主要揭示了塑料对环境尤其是海洋生物造成的严 重影响。] 10.C[词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，正是由于 塑料的这种结实耐用性才使得它很难被化学分解，从而 在环境中长期存在。由此可知，画线词意为“有害的”。] 11.D[推理判断题。最后一段主要告诉我们：我们丢弃 的塑料中的毒素最终又回到了我们的餐桌，也就是说去 的又回来了。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸 鱼音调降低的原因。 12.A[细节理解题。该题问的是鲸鱼的音调在多大程度 上下降了。根据第二段第三句可知，鲸鱼的音调下降 跨越了不同的种类。] 13.B[细节理解题。该题问的是根据文章，是什么导致 了鲸鱼音调的演变。根据第四段第一句和第五段可 知，保护措施和酸性海水导致了鲸鱼音调的演变。」 14.D[词义猜测题。该题问的是最后一段中的画线词 “modulate”是什么意思。根据最后一段最后两句可知， 气候变暖使冰块碎裂，因此鲸鱼必须增大音量才能让 自己的声音被听到。由此可推知，地球变暖改变了动 物的声音，modulate应意为“改变”，与D项意思相近。] 15.B[推理判断题。该题问的是我们能从文章中推断出 什么。通读全文尤其是第一段最后两句可知，人类活动 影响了动物活动。由此可推知，人与自然是一体的。] Ⅱ，[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我 们生活的地球周围都是海洋，我们越来越依赖海洋的资 源，但是我们却不断地污染海洋，作者希望人们减少海洋 污染。 1.E[根据空前句可知，我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千 克的鱼，来养活数十亿人。空后句讲述人们从海洋中获 取矿物质，由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好 处，故选E项（我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料），且选项 高二下学期期末 答案 T.1-5 C BDAC6-10 II.1.that 2.natural 3.totally 4.are(being)killed 5.the I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。自然是人类赖以生 存的家园，也能给人类以智慧的启迪。 l.C[考查名词词义辨析。根据本段中的“On peaceful nights when I ..both truly insignificant and greatly magnified at the same time..”及下文中对自然可以给人 类以启迪的描述可知，这就是作者为什么喜欢在书中赞 美自然的“原因(reason)”。] 2.B「考查形容词词义辨析。根据本段中的“Wilderness has the power to reach us,encouraging us in strong and 2ways.”及下文中对黄松见证过很多人类不知道的 事的描述可知，自然的启迪是强有力的，第2空应填 入一个与strong一样有“震撼人心”之意的形容词，四个 选项中只有surprising(令人惊叹的)符合此意。] 3.D[考查形容词词义辨析。根据本段中对黄松给作者 各种启迪的描述可知，这棵古老的黄松是作者“最喜欢 的(favorite)”一个朋友。] 4.A[考查名词词义辨析。由前面的“Its gnarled roots 及后面的“for a kid with his head in the clouds to sit”可 知，第4空应该填一个表示“地点”的名词，四个选项 中只有place(场所)符合此意。] 5,C[考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的“were the per- fect 4 for a kid with his head in the clouds to sit and 5”及下文中对作者白日梦的内容的描述可知，第 5空应填一个表示坐下来以后“思考”的动词，四个 选项中只有daydream(做白日梦)符合此意。“with one's head in the clouds'”意为“想入非非”。] 6.D[考查动词词义辨析。根据该空后的“what that old tree had seen in its centuries'”及下文中作者对黄松经历 过的事的猜测可知，第6空应填一个表示“想知道” 的动词，“what that old tree had seen in its centuries”是 作者想知道的内容，故填wonder。] 中的代词their指“fish”。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也 是对此处的提示。] 2.D[根据空前两句可知，人们从海洋中提取矿物质，可 以通过蒸发海水获得盐，故D项（连同盐，其他矿物质在 蒸发后也会被留下来)承接上文关于盐这种物质的描 述，符合题意。] 3.A[根据空前两句可知，来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、 海绵和海藻。珍珠可以制成珠宝，空后句说海藻可被制 成多种食物（甚至糖果、冰激凌）以及药品。故设空处应 讲海绵的用途。结合选项，A项（天然海绵成为清洁助 手)承上启下，符合题意。] 4.F「根据空前句可知，人们不能喝海水，而空后句表明 去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就得到了淡水。空处应该 承接上文意义，讲海水的不良影响，F项（它的某些成分 可能会引发疾病)符合题意。] 5.B[本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两 句可知，人们给了海洋垃圾，污染了海洋，故B项（当我 们把海洋当作垃极场时，我们会污染海洋)承上启下，符 合题意。] 实战模拟卷十二 速查 DABDB 11-15 CADBA 6.worse 7.disappearing 8.before 9.to die 10.ourselves 7.A[考查名词词义辨析。根据该空后的“forest fires'”及 “the silent gathering of snow year after year'"可知，第7 空应填一个名词，且根据“forest fires'”可知，这里应该填 一个与雪的静谧相反的表示“暴烈”的词。] 8.B[考查动词词义辨析。根据本段中的“it could give us a wonderful 9 of life here on this planet that we hu- mans lack”可知，如果树会“说话(talk)”,它一定能为我 们展现这颗星球上壮美的生命“画卷(view)”,告诉我们 很多人类不曾知道的过往。] 9.D[考查名词词义辨析。根据本段中的“it could give us a wonderful 9 of life here on this planet that we hu- mans lack'”可知，如果树会“说话(tak)”,它一定能为我 们展现这颗星球上壮美的生命“画卷(view)”,告诉我们 很多人类不曾知道的过往。] l0.B[考查动词词义辨析。根据本段中的“I wonder, about our place in the world,and how we are treating the planet'”及上文中对黄松见证过很多人类不知道的地 球上发生的事和作者感到自己渺小及自然能给人以启 迪的描述可知，地球是人类赖以生存的家园，地球“养育 了(raises)”人类。] 1l.C[考查形容词词义辨析。根据该空前的“The power of nature to open our minds'”可知，自然帮助人类开拓眼 界，看到了“更广阔的(larger)”世界。] I2.AL考查动词词义辨析。根据该空前的“The power of nature to open our minds'”可知，自然帮助人类开拓眼界， 看到了“更广阔的(larger)”世界，这也是为什么作者认为 应该“珍惜(treasuring)”地球的原因之一。] l3.D[考查名词词义辨析。根据本段中的“Every one of us一young and old”推测可知，第l3空也是要表示 各种各样的人(people of every description),]