内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习
专题11 介词
使用秘籍:
时间介词用于表示动作或状态发生的时间。常见的时间介词有 at, in, on, before, after, from, since, for, during, by, until 等。
一、at,in,on 的用法(时间)
· at 用于具体时刻、三餐等。
例如:at 7:00(在7点),at noon(在中午),at night(在晚上),at breakfast(早餐时)
· on 用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午/下午/晚上。
例如:on Monday(在周一),on May 1st(在五月一日),on Sunday morning(在周日早上),on a rainy night(在一个雨夜)
· in 用于较长的时间段。
例如:in the morning/afternoon/evening(在早上/下午/晚上),in May(在五月),in summer(在夏天),in 2025(在2025年),in the 21st century(在21世纪),in Tang Dynasty(在唐朝)
总结:
at 时间点,in 长时段,on 具体某一天
二、其他时间介词的用法
· before 表示“在……之前”。
例如:Please come before 8:00.(请在8点前来。)
· after 表示“在……之后”。
例如:We played football after school.(放学后我们踢了足球。)
· from ... to ... 表示“从……到……”。
例如:I go to school from Monday to Friday.(我从周一到周五上学。)
· since 表示“自从……”,后面接时间点。
例如:He has lived here since 2010.(他从2010年起就住在这里。)
· for 表示“持续……”,后面接时间段。
例如:I waited for two hours.(我等了两个小时。)
· during 表示“在……期间”。
例如:He fell asleep during the class.(他在上课期间睡着了。)
· by 表示“不迟于,到……为止”。
例如:Please finish the homework by Friday.(请在周五前完成作业。)
· until / till 表示“直到……为止”。
例如:I will wait until he comes.(我会一直等到他来。)
三、易混淆点辨析
1. in 与 after 的区别
in 用于将来时中表示“一段时间之后”。
例如:I will come back in three days.(我三天后会回来。)
after 表示“某个时间点之后”或过去时中表示“一段时间之后”。
例如:I will come back after 3 o'clock.(我三点后会回来。)He left after two hours.(两小时后他离开了。)
2. since 与 for 的区别
since 后面接时间点,表示“自从……”。
例如:He has taught here since 2015.(他从2015年起就在这里教书。)
for 后面接时间段,表示“长达……”。
例如:He has taught here for ten years.(他在这里教书十年了。)
3. in 与 during 的区别
in 强调动作发生在某个时间段内。
例如:I woke up three times in the night.(我夜里醒了三次。)
during 强调动作在整个时间段内持续。
例如:He slept during the whole class.(他整节课都在睡觉。)
考点再现
用适当的时间介词填空(at,in,on,before,after,from,since,for,by,until)
1. I usually get up ______ 6:30 ______ the morning.
2. Let's meet ______ Sunday afternoon.
3. He was born ______ August 8th, 2012.
4. She has lived in Shanghai ______ five years.
5. My father has worked here ______ 2008.
6. Please come back ______ 10 o'clock. Don't be late.
7. I will finish my homework ______ an hour.
8. We go to school ______ Monday ______ Friday.
9. He usually watches TV ______ dinner.
10. The store is open ______ 9:00 a.m. ______ 9:00 p.m.
过关训练
单项选择
( ) 1. My mother usually gets up ______ 6:00 ______ the morning.
A. at; in B. at; on C. on; in D. in; at
( ) 2. We will have a party ______ New Year's Eve.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( ) 3. He has studied in this school ______ he was seven years old.
A. for B. in C. since D. after
( ) 4. Please wait for me ______ I come back.
A. until B. in C. at D. on
( ) 5. She will return the book ______ two days.
A. after B. in C. since D. on
( ) 6. Let's finish the work ______ Friday. The deadline is Friday.
A. on B. in C. by D. at
( ) 7. I usually have breakfast ______ half past seven.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
( ) 8. He fell asleep ______ the meeting.
A. in B. during C. at D. on
( ) 9. They have lived in Beijing ______ ten years.
A. since B. for C. in D. after
( ) 10. We often play football ______ school.
A. after B. in C. on D. at
使用秘籍:
地点介词用于表示事物之间的位置关系。常见的地点介词有 in, on, at, under, behind, between, among, in front of, in the front of 等。
一、常见地点介词的用法
· in 表示“在……里面”,用于大地方(国家、城市等)。
例如:The ball is in the box.(球在箱子里面。)
He lives in Beijing.(他住在北京。)
· at 表示“在……”,用于小地点或具体位置。
例如:She is waiting at the bus stop.(她在公交站等。)
· on 表示“在……上面”,与表面接触。
例如:The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
· under 表示“在……下面”。
例如:The cat is under the chair.(猫在椅子下面。)
· behind 表示“在……后面”。
例如:The school is behind the park.(学校在公园后面。)
· in front of 表示“在……前面”,指外部的前面。
例如:There is a tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵树。)
· in the front of 表示“在……前部”,指内部的前部。
例如:The teacher sits in the front of the classroom.(老师坐在教室前部。)
· next to 表示“紧挨着”。
例如:The hospital is next to the bank.(医院紧挨着银行。)
· between 表示“在……之间”,用于两者之间。
例如:The park is between the school and the library.(公园在学校和图书馆之间。)
· among 表示“在……之间”,用于三者或以上之间。
例如:She is sitting among her friends.(她坐在朋友们中间。)
· near 表示“在……附近”。
例如:I live near the park.(我住在公园附近。)
· opposite 表示“在……对面”。
例如:The cinema is opposite the supermarket.(电影院在超市对面。)
· above 表示“在……上方”,不接触。
例如:The plane flew above the clouds.(飞机在云层上方飞行。)
· below 表示“在……下方”,不接触。
例如:The temperature is below zero.(温度在零度以下。)
· around表示“在......周围;围绕”。
例如:They sit around the table.(他们围坐在桌子旁。)
· across表示“横过;表面穿过”。
例如:He walks across the road.(他穿过马路。)
· through表示“透过;内部穿过”。
例如:The sun shines through the window.(阳光透过窗户照进来。)
They walked through the forest.(他们穿过森林。)
· pass 表示“经过”。
例如:He walks pass me.(他从我身边走过。)
二、易混淆点辨析
1. in,on,at 表示地点的区别
· in 用于大地方(国家、城市等)。
例如:in China,in Shanghai,in Asia
· on 用于街道、楼层、在……上面。
例如:on Nanjing Road,on the second floor
· at 用于小地点、具体地址、门牌号。
例如:at home,at the airport,at 10 Downing Street
2. on the tree 与 in the tree 的区别
· on the tree 用于长在树上的东西(果实、叶子)。
例如:There are many apples on the tree.(树上有很多苹果。)
· in the tree 用于外来的东西(鸟、人、猫)。
例如:There is a bird in the tree.(树上有一只鸟。)
3. in front of 与 in the front of 的区别
· in front of 表示“在……前面”,指外部前面。
例如:There is a car in front of the house.(房子前面有一辆车。)
· in the front of 表示“在……前部”,指内部前部。
例如:The driver sits in the front of the bus.(司机坐在公交车前部。)
4. between 与 among 的区别
· between 用于两者之间。
例如:The two towers are between the two hills.(这两座塔在两个山丘之间。)
· among 用于三者或以上之间。
例如:He is popular among the students.(他在学生中很受欢迎。)
5. across 与 through 的区别
· across 表示“横过;穿过”,表面穿过。
例如:She goes across the street.(她穿过街道。)
· through 表示“穿过;透过”,内部穿过。
例如:He looks through the window.(他透过窗户看。)
6. in, on, to 表位置关系的区别
· in 表示“在......里面”
例如:Changsha is in the north of Hunan.(长沙在湖南的北部。)
· on 表示“与.......接壤”
例如:Hunan is on the south of Hubei.
· to 表示“与.......相望”,不接壤
例如:Fujian is to the northwest of Taiwan.
总结:
考点再现
用适当的地点介词填空(in,on,at,under,behind,between,among,in front of)
1. There is a map ______ the wall.
2. My uncle works ______ a big hospital.
3. The cat is hiding ______ the bed.
4. She sits ______ me and Jack.
5. He is standing ______ the crowd.
6. The post office is ______ the bank and the supermarket.
7. There is a garden ______ the house.
8. I met him ______ the airport yesterday.
过关训练
单项选择
( ) 1. She is sitting ______ her mother and father.
A. at B. among C. between D. on
( ) 2. There is a big tree ______ the house.
A. at front of B. in the front of C. at the front D. in front of
( ) 3. The moon goes ______ the earth.
A. around B. round C. along D. across
( ) 4. He is the tallest ______ the three boys.
A. between B. among C. in D. at
( ) 5. My home is ______ the school. It's only five minutes' walk.
A. far from B. away from C. next to D. behind of
( ) 6. The picture is ______ the wall. It's very beautiful.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( ) 7. She works ______ a hospital ______ the city center.
A. in; in B. at; in C. in; at D. at; at
( ) 8. There is a bridge ______ the river.
A. above B. on C. over D. in
( ) 9. The sun rises ______ the east.
A. in B. on C. at D. from
( ) 10. He is standing ______ the window, looking outside.
A. by B. in C. on D. at
考点三
方式介词
使用秘籍:
方式介词用于表示动作以何种方式进行。常见的方式介词有 by, with, in, through, without, like, as 等。
一、常见方式介词的用法
· by 表示“通过……方式、方法、手段;乘坐交通工具”。
例如:I go to school by bus.(我坐公交车上学。)
· with 表示“用……工具,和……一起”。
例如:He writes with a pen.(他用钢笔写字。)
· in 表示“用……语言/材料”。
例如:She speaks in English.(她用英语说话。)
· through 表示“通过……途径、媒介、渠道”。
例如:I learned the news through the newspaper.(我通过报纸得知这个消息。)
· without 表示“没有”。
例如:He left without saying goodbye.(他不辞而别。)
· like 表示“像……一样”。
例如:She sings like a bird.(她唱得像小鸟一样。)
· as 表示“作为”。
例如:He works as a teacher.(他作为一名老师工作。)
易错点
1. by,with,in 表示方式的区别
· by 表示抽象方式或交通工具。
例如:by bus(坐公交),by hand(用手工),by email(通过邮件)
· with 表示具体的工具或身体部位。
例如:with a knife(用刀),with my hands(用手)
· in 表示语言、材料、颜色。
例如:in English(用英语),in ink(用墨水),in red(穿红色)
2. by + 交通工具与 take + 交通工具的区别
· by + 交通工具 是介词短语,作状语。
例如:I go to school by bike.(我骑自行车上学。)
注意:by 后的交通工具名词用单数,不加冠词;on foot 是固定表达,不能用 by foot。
例如:I go to school on foot.(我步行上学。)
· in/on +形容词性物主代词/冠词+交通工具的区别
能站起来的用on,不能站起来的用in
如:in my car, on a train, on a plane, on a bus
例如:I went to the supermarket in my car.(我开车去了超市。)
I got there on a train.(我是坐火车去的那里。)
考点再现
用适当的方式介词填空(by,with,in,through,without,like,as)
1. He goes to work ______ bus every day.
2. She writes ______ her left hand.
3. Please answer the question ______ English.
4. He became famous ______ his hard work.
5. She looks ______ her mother.
6. He works ______ a doctor in the hospital.
7. She left ______ telling anyone.
8. I communicate with my friends ______ email.
过关训练
单项选择
( ) 1. My father goes to work ______ his car.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
( ) 2. He answered the question ______ a smile.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
( ) 3. We can improve our English ______ reading more.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
( ) 4. She wrote the letter ______ a pen.
A. by B. in C. with D. on
( ) 5. He succeeded ______ his hard work.
A. by B. through C. in D. on
( ) 6. Please don't talk ______ such a loud voice.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
( ) 7. He treated me ______ a friend.
A. like B. as C. with D. by
( ) 8. I usually go to school ______ bike.
A. by B. riding C. on D. with
( ) 9. She made the cake ______ her own hands.
A. by B. with C. in D. through
( ) 10. They stay in touch ______ WeChat.
A. by B. through C. with D. in
一、用适当的介词填空(每空一词)
1. I usually get up ______ 7:00 ______ the morning.
2. She was born ______ a cold winter morning.
3. He has lived in Shanghai ______ 2015.
4. We will have a meeting ______ Monday afternoon.
5. The cat is hiding ______ the door.
6. There is a bridge ______ the river.
7. She goes to school ______ foot every day.
8. He cut the apple ______ a knife.
9. Please answer the question ______ English.
10. I have studied here ______ three years.
11. The teacher is standing ______ the front of the classroom.
12. There is a big tree ______ front of the house.
13. He is sitting ______ his father and mother.
14. She is popular ______ her classmates.
15. I learned the news ______ the radio.
16. He left ______ saying goodbye.
17. She works ______ a nurse in the hospital.
18. The plane is flying ______ the clouds.
19. Please come back ______ 5 o'clock. Don't be late.
20. He has been away ______ last Monday.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. He usually has breakfast ______ 6:30 ______ the morning.
A. at; in B. at; on C. on; in D. in; at
( ) 2. We will have a picnic ______ Sunday.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( ) 3. She has learned piano ______ she was five years old.
A. for B. in C. since D. after
( ) 4. I will wait for you ______ you come back.
A. until B. in C. at D. on
( ) 5. She will arrive ______ two hours.
A. after B. in C. since D. on
( ) 6. The bird is singing ______ the tree.
A. on B. of C. at D. in
( ) 7. There are many leaves ______ the tree in autumn.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
( ) 8. The driver sits ______ the bus.
A. in front of B. at the front of C. at front of D. in the front of
( ) 9. He is the tallest ______ the four boys.
A. between B. among C. in D. at
( ) 10. My home is ______ the school. It's very close.
A. far from B. next to C. away from D. behind of
( ) 11. They go to school ______ bus.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
( ) 12. He cut the bread ______ a knife.
A. by B. with C. in D. through
( ) 13. She told me the news ______ a whisper.
A. by B. with C. in D. on
( ) 14. He goes to school ______ foot.
A. by B. on C. with D. in
( ) 15. He succeeded ______ working hard.
A. by B. through C. in D. on
( ) 16. Please write your name ______ ink.
A. by B. in C. with D. on
( ) 17. She works ______ a teacher in a primary school.
A. like B. with C. as D. by
( ) 18. I usually go to work ______ my car.
A. by B. in C. on D. with
( ) 19. They keep in touch ______ email.
A. by B. with C. through D. in
( ) 20. He left ______ saying a word.
A. with B. by C. in D. without
三、改错题
下列句子中有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1. She usually gets up at 6:00 on the morning.
________________________________________________
2. We will have a party in Sunday evening.
________________________________________________
3. He has lived here since five years.
________________________________________________
4. There is a bird on the tree.
________________________________________________
5. The teacher is standing in front of the classroom.
________________________________________________
6. He goes to school by a bike.
________________________________________________
7. She wrote the letter by a pen.
________________________________________________
8. Please answer the question with English.
________________________________________________
9. He is sitting among the two trees.
________________________________________________
10. I will come back after three days.
________________________________________________
答案与解析
考点梳理
考点一 时间介词
考点再现
用适当的时间介词填空(at,in,on,before,after,from,since,for,by,until)
1. at; in
- 解析:具体时刻6:30前用at;在早上用in the morning。
2. on
- 解析:Sunday afternoon是具体某一天的下午,用on。
3. on
- 解析:August 8th, 2012是具体的日期,用on。
4. for
- 解析:five years是时间段,for后接时间段。
5. since
- 解析:2008是时间点,since后接时间点,表示“自从”。
6. before / by
- 解析:表示“在10点之前回来”,用before或by。
7. in
- 解析:将来时中,in an hour表示“一小时后”。
8. from; to
- 解析:from...to...表示“从……到……”。
9. after
- 解析:after dinner表示“晚餐后”。
10. from; to
- 解析:from...to...表示“从……到……”。
过关训练
1. A
- 解析:具体时刻6:00前用at;在早上用in the morning。
2. C
- 解析:New Year's Eve是具体某一天,用on。
3. C
- 解析:he was seven years old是时间点,since后接时间点。
4. A
- 解析:until表示“直到……为止”,wait until I come back。
5. B
- 解析:将来时中,in two days表示“两天后”。
6. C
- 解析:by Friday表示“不迟于周五,到周五为止”。
7. C
- 解析:half past seven是具体时刻,用at。
8. B
- 解析:during the meeting表示“在会议期间”。
9. B
- 解析:ten years是时间段,for后接时间段。
10. A
- 解析:after school是固定搭配,表示“放学后”。
考点二 地点介词
考点再现
用适当的地点介词填空(in,on,at,under,behind,between,among,in front of)
1. on
- 解析:地图在墙上(表面),用on the wall。
2. in
- 解析:医院是大地方,用in。
3. under
- 解析:under the bed表示“在床下面”。
4. between
- 解析:me and Jack是两个人,用between。
5. among
- 解析:the crowd是人群(三者以上),用among。
6. between
- 解析:the bank and the supermarket是两者之间,用between。
7. in front of
- 解析:花园在房子外部的前面,用in front of。
8. at
- 解析:at the airport表示“在机场”,小地点用at。
过关训练
1. C
- 解析:her mother and father是两个人,用between。
2. D
- 解析:树在房子外部的前面,用in front of。
3. A
- 解析:月亮绕着地球转,用around或round。
4. B
- 解析:the three boys是三者,用among。
5. C
- 解析:next to表示“紧挨着”,距离很近。
6. B
- 解析:图画在墙上(表面),用on the wall。
7. A
- 解析:地点名词前用in。
8. C
- 解析:桥在河的上方(有空间),用over。
9. A
- 解析:in the east表示“在东方”。
10. A
- 解析:by the window表示“在窗户旁边”。
考点三 方式介词
考点再现
用适当的方式介词填空(by,with,in,through,without,like,as)
1. by
- 解析:by bus表示“乘公交车”。
2. with
- 解析:with her left hand表示“用她的左手”。
3. in
- 解析:in English表示“用英语”。
4. through
- 解析:through his hard work表示“通过他的努力”。
5. like
- 解析:looks like her mother表示“看起来像她妈妈”。
6. as
- 解析:works as a doctor表示“作为医生工作”。
7. without
- 解析:without telling anyone表示“没有告诉任何人”。
8. by / through
- 解析:by email / through email表示“通过电子邮件”。
过关训练
1. B
- 解析:in his car表示“坐他的车”,物主代词后用in。
2. B
- 解析:with a smile表示“带着微笑”。
3. A
- 解析:by reading more表示“通过多阅读”。
4. C
- 解析:with a pen表示“用钢笔”。
5. B
- 解析:through表示“通过……途径”。
6. C
- 解析:in a loud voice表示“大声地”。
7. A
- 解析:like a friend表示“像朋友一样”;as表示“作为”。
8. A
- 解析:by bike是固定搭配。
9. B
- 解析:with her own hands表示“用她自己的手”。
10. B
- 解析:through WeChat表示“通过微信”。
强化练习
一、用适当的介词填空(每空一词)
1. at; in
- 解析:具体时刻用at;在早上用in the morning。
2. on
- 解析:具体某一天的早上用on。
3. since
- 解析:2015是时间点,since后接时间点。
4. on
- 解析:Monday afternoon是具体某一天的下午,用on。
5. behind
- 解析:behind the door表示“在门后面”。
6. over / across
- 解析:桥在河的上方用over;横跨用across。
7. on
- 解析:on foot是固定搭配。
8. with
- 解析:with a knife表示“用刀”。
9. in
- 解析:in English表示“用英语”。
10. for
- 解析:three years是时间段,for后接时间段。
11. in
- 解析:in the front of表示“在……前部(内部)”。
12. in
- 解析:in front of表示“在……前面(外部)”。
13. between
- 解析:his father and mother是两个人,用between。
14. among
- 解析:her classmates是众人,用among。
15. through / on
- 解析:through the radio / on the radio表示“通过收音机”。
16. without
- 解析:without saying goodbye表示“没有告别”。
17. as
- 解析:works as a nurse表示“作为护士工作”。
18. above
- 解析:above the clouds表示“在云层上方”。
19. before / by
- 解析:表示“在5点前回来”。
20. since
- 解析:last Monday是时间点,since后接时间点。
二、单项选择
1. A
- 解析:具体时刻用at;在早上用in the morning。
2. C
- 解析:具体某一天用on。
3. C
- 解析:she was five years old是时间点,since后接时间点。
4. A
- 解析:until表示“直到……为止”。
5. B
- 解析:将来时中,in two hours表示“两小时后”。
6. D
- 解析:鸟在树上(外来物),用in the tree。
7. C
- 解析:树叶长在树上,用on the tree。
8. D
- 解析:司机坐在公交车内部的前部,用in the front of。
9. B
- 解析:the four boys是四人,用among。
10. B
- 解析:next to表示“紧挨着”。
11. A
- 解析:by bus是固定搭配。
12. B
- 解析:with a knife表示“用刀”。
13. C
- 解析:in a whisper表示“低声地”。
14. B
- 解析:on foot是固定搭配。
15. A
- 解析:by working hard表示“通过努力工作”。
16. B
- 解析:in ink表示“用墨水”。
17. C
- 解析:as a teacher表示“作为一名教师”。
18. B
- 解析:in my car表示“坐我的车”。
19. C
- 解析:through email表示“通过电子邮件”。
20. D
- 解析:without saying a word表示“一句话也没说”。
三、改错题
1. 错误:on the morning
改正:in the morning
- 解析:“在早上”用in the morning,不是on。
2. 错误:in Sunday evening
改正:on Sunday evening
- 解析:具体某一天的晚上用on。
3. 错误:since five years
改正:for five years
- 解析:since后接时间点,for后接时间段。five years是时间段,用for。
4. 错误:on the tree
改正:in the tree
- 解析:鸟不是长在树上的,用in the tree。
5. 错误:in front of the classroom
改正:in the front of the classroom
- 解析:老师站在教室内部的前面,用in the front of。
6. 错误:by a bike
改正:by bike
- 解析:by后接交通工具名词,不加冠词,用单数。
7. 错误:by a pen
改正:with a pen
- 解析:具体工具用with,不是by。
8. 错误:with English
改正:in English
- 解析:表示“用某种语言”用in。
9. 错误:among the two trees
改正:between the two trees
- 解析:两者之间用between。
10. 错误:after three days
改正:in three days
- 解析:将来时中,“三天后”用in three days。after用于过去时或接具体时间点。
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