2026年中考英语语法专题 形容词和副词课件

专题六 形容词和副词 考点一 形容词和副词的用法及分类 1. 用法 词 性 用 法 位 置 例 句 形容词 作定语 名词之前或复合不定代词之后 I live in a beautiful town by the lake. 我住在一个美丽的湖边小镇上。 作表语 系动词之后 The man in the next chair was asleep. 邻座的男子睡着了。 形容词 作补足语 名词或代词之后 Many foreigners find it interesting to use chopsticks to eat. 许多外国人觉得用筷子吃饭很有趣。 作状语 句首、句末或句中独立存在 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家,又累又饿。 副词 作状语 句首、句末或句中 Luckily, little Lucy gets on well with her classmates. 幸运的是,小露西和她的同学相处得很好。 续表 续表 副词 作表语 (这些副词一般是in, on, out, off等)通常位于be动词之后 The new movie by Jack is on now. 杰克的新电影正在上映。 作定语 名词(短语)之后 People there are quite friendly to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。 作补 足语 名词或代词之后 The boy was seen upstairs. 有人看见那个男孩在楼上。 2. 中考常见副词分类 (1)常见的以-ly结尾的副词:carefully, actually, clearly, suddenly, luckily, certainly, finally, probably, badly, really, mainly等 (2)频度副词:always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never (3)程度副词:almost, quite, only, very, enough, hardly等 (4)时间副词:now, then, soon, once, ago, early, late, before等 (5)地点副词:here, there, right, left, upstairs, downstairs, above, behind等 (6)疑问副词(组):where, why, when, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等 (7)连接副词:however, therefore, besides, instead, otherwise等 考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 类 别 构成方法 原 级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 直接在词尾加-er, -est young tall younger taller youngest tallest 以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r, -st nice large nicer larger nicest largest 1. 形容词和副词比较等级的构成 (1)形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化 续表 单音节词和少数双音节词 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母,再加-er, -est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加-er, -est happy easy healthy happier easier healthier happiest easiest healthiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加more, most careful more careful most careful (2)形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/ well better best bad/ badly/ ill worse worst many/ much more most little less least old older/ elder oldest/ eldest far farther/ further farthest/ furthest 2. 形容词和副词的比较等级用法 (1)原级的用法 功 能 结 构 举 例 说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词/副词原级 形容词/副词原级 The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 花园里的花很漂亮。 有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词/副词原级 形容词/副词原级 The boy is too young. 这个男孩太年轻了。 续表 表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词/副词原级 肯定句中的结构:A...+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和汉语一样有趣。 否定句中的结构:A...+not+as/ so+形容词/副词原级+as+B I am not so/ as careful as Lucy. 我不如露西细心。 表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”结构 Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的3倍大。 续表 表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词/副词原级 “... half as+形容词/副词原级+ as...”表示“……是……的一半……” Her room is half as big as yours. 她的房间是你的房间的一半大。 (2)比较级的用法 结 构 举 例 A + be +比较级+ than + B This box is heavier than that one. 这个箱子比那个重。 续表 表示“比任何……都……”时,用“A+be+ 比较级+ than + any other +可数名词单数”或“A + be +比较级+than + the other +可数名词复数”结构(比较级结构表示最高级含义) He is taller than any other boy in his class. = He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班里的其余的男生都高。 “A+ be +倍数+比较级+ than +B”表示“A比B多……倍” The river is three times longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长两倍。 续表 Who/ Which + be +比较级, A or B? “谁/ 哪一个更……?”,表示两者之间进行比较 Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao? 谁更高,李明还是王涛? “主语+ be + the +比较级+ of the two...”表示“两者之间较……的一个” Mary is the taller of the twins. 玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那个。 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级+ and +比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原级” It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气正变得越来越暖和了。 Our hometown is becoming more and 续表 more beautiful. 我们的家乡正在变得越来越漂亮。 表示“越……,就越……”时,用“the +比较级, the +比较级”结构 The healthier we are, the happier we’ll be. 我们越健康,我们就会越高兴。 有表示程度的副词(词组),如a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far等修饰时,用形容词比较级 I feel even worse now. 现在我甚至感觉更糟糕了。 It is much colder today than before. 今天比以前冷多了。 续表 a/ an +形容词比较级+可数名词单数/代词one,表示“一个更……的……” The little boy’s sweater is a little small for him, so his mother buys him a bigger one. 这个小男孩的毛衣对他来说有点儿小,所以他妈妈给他买了一件大一点的。 A... + less +多音节形容词原级+ than + B,表示“A不及B……” The film is less interest-ing than the book. 这部电影不如书有趣。 【注意】 ①比较对象要相呼应,相比内容必须相同,为了避免重复,可用the one, that, those代替前面出现过的名词。如: The price of meat is higher than that of rice. 肉价比米价高。 ②在两者之间进行比较以表示“A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除了使用“not... as/so +副词原级+ as”的结构外,还可以使用“less +副词原级+ than”的结构。如: He doesn’t write as carefully as his sister. = He writes less carefully than his sister. 他写字不如他妹妹细心。 (3)最高级的用法 结 构 举 例 主语+ be + the +最高级+ of/ in +比较范围 He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最高的。 表示“最……的……之一”时,用“主语+ be + one of + the +最高级+可数名词复数”结构 Tom is one of the most popular singers. 汤姆是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/ Who + be + the +最高级, A, B or C?”结构 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州? 续表 表示“……中第几最……”时,用“the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+其他”结构 It is the second tallest tower in the world. 这是世界上第二高的塔。 表示“比任何……都……”时,用“比较级+than + any other +可数名词单数”结构 Qomolangma is higher than any other moun-tain. 珠穆朗玛峰比任何一座山都高。 【注意】 形容词最高级前用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,不能再加定冠词the,限定词只能用一个。如: This largest city was Shanghai at that time. 这个最大的城市就是当时的上海。 考点追踪 1. We hoped the weather could be better. However, it became even _ (bad) later. 2. Kate is the _ (tall) among all the girls in our class, so she plays for our school’s basketball team. 3. According to some studies, the _ (far) you study, the more you understand what you have learned. 4. Mike runs the _ (fast) among his classmates in the school playground during the PE class. worse tallest further fastest 考点三 形容词和副词填空 填形容词或副词 1. 填形容词的判断方法 详见本专题考点一“形容词和副词的用法及分类”。 【拓展】 “定冠词+某些形容词”作主语或宾语,表示一类人或物。如:The Chinese people have the tradition of respecting the old and being kind to the young. 2. 填副词的判断方法 (1)动词+副词/副词+动词。如:They usually (usual) eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening. (2)副词+形容词。如:We visited the science museum and it was really (real) interesting. (3)副词+句子。如:Luckily (luck), the animal shelter saved the poor dog in time. 3. 变形规律 形容词的变化规则可参考专题十一中“派生法”的讲解。 副词构成 例 词 形容词后直接加-ly sad sadly; polite politely; real really; quick quickly; slow slowly; safe safely 辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i,再加-ly happy happily; angry angrily; heavy heavily 辅音字母加le结尾的形容词,去e加-y simple simply; terrible terribly; possible possibly 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly true truly 续表 填比较等级 1. 填比较等级的判断方法 详见本专题考点二“形容词和副词的比较等级”。 2. 变形规律 形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化以及不规则变化可参考本专题考点二中“形容词和副词比较等级的构成”。 考点追踪 1. It’s great to have many friends, but it’s more important to see _ (clear) who is truly helping you. 2. Mr. Lee is one of the _ (popular) teachers in the school. Many students like him. 3. Of the two coats, she’d like to choose the _ (cheap) one to save money for a book. clearly most popular cheaper 短文填空。 A Cindy is my good friend. We are in the same class. Both of us are of medium height, but Cindy is 1. _ (thin) than me. Her hair is also 2. _ (long) than mine. I’m an outgoing girl, and Cindy is 3. _ (outgoing) than me. We both like making friends. However, Cindy is much 4. _ (funny) than me. She often tells interesting stories to make people happy. What’s more, Cindy is a 5. _ (help) girl. She always tries her best to help others with problems. thinner longer more outgoing funnier helpful In our free time, we like to go to the library together. We always learn from each other and make ourselves become 6. _ (excellent) than before. Although we are not the 7. _ (clever) students in our class, we believe that the 8. _ (much) we study, the better we will become. Cindy is my 9. _ (good) friend ever since then. I wish our friendship will last forever. B From an early age, Ara loved watching the cows in the green grass in her village every day. When she was ten, she asked her parents 10. _ (careful) if they could more excellent cleverest more best carefully keep a cow. Instead of giving her the answer, her father encouraged her to learn about cows from the farmers in the neighborhood first. The first farm they visited was 11. _ (amaze). The cows gave lots of tasty milk. They were eating sweet carrots, clean and smiling. 12. _, the second farm was different. As Ara asked about the milk, the farmers shook their heads 13. _ (sad). The cows were all dirty. That night, Ara couldn’t fall 14. _ (sleep) and she wanted to offer some help to the sad cows. She asked the first farmers if they would help the second farmers, and they agreed 15. _ (happy). Ara organized a meeting and the first farmers shared their experience. All the farmers realized the importance of sharing. amazing However sadly asleep happily Weeks later, Ara found that the second farm was much 16. _ (clean) and the farmers got 17. _ (much) milk than before. They were 18. _ (thank) to Ara and willing to share ideas with others. Ara was happy. “One can make great change to the world at any age,” she thought. cleaner more thankful $