2026年新人教版高一英语下学期阅读理解15篇（说明文）

2026年新人教版高一英语下学期阅读理解15篇（说明文）（全国通用）原卷版 考查能力：① 捕捉事实细节（数据、特征、过程）；② 理解逻辑结构（因果、对比、分类、时间顺序）；③ 推测词义句意（根据上下文推断术语或难句）；④ 概括主旨意图（把握说明对象及作者的客观态度等）。 解题思路： 1. 先题干，后原文：先读题干圈出关键词（专有名词、数字、术语），带着目标定位原文，避免通读浪费时间。 2. 定位与比对：根据顺序出题原则（一般按文章顺序），在相应段落找同义替换句。注意转折词（however, but）、因果关系（because, lead to）、举例（for example, such as）处常设考点。 3. 排除干扰项：常见陷阱包括“张冠李戴”（把A的特征给B）、“无中生有”（原文未提及）、“绝对化”（must, never替换原文的may, sometimes）。 4. 主旨题解法：重点读首段、末段及每段首句；若问标题或目的，关注体现作者写作意图的动词（explain, describe, introduce）。 特别注意：说明文常考下定义（that is, refer to）和数据对比（比较级、倍数），可快速标记。平时多练科技、环保、文化类话题能显著提速。 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·甘肃酒泉·期中）Green-roofed buildings date back thousands of years, even before the concept (概念) of housing known today was born. The earliest green roofs came in the form of sod (草皮) roofs above caves (洞穴). Plants were used on top of the caves for ceremonial and agricultural purposes. But sod roofs slowly fell out of favor as their usefulness wore down with the terrible weather and wildlife visits. Modern green roofing technology was exploited around the 1960s. It all started with Germany creating advanced solutions to roof leaking (泄漏). The new technology was heavily marketed, and most people in Germany started using green roofs. Since then, many technologies have come up to advance green roofs. Today, green roofs are growing in popularity across the world. In terms of design, a green roof is one of the main ways to bring nature into your home. It brings the beauty of the wild right into your home. They offer beautiful views from above and below. Environmentally, a green roof is one of the best ways to bring a microclimate into your home. Even if you live in a hot area, a green roof will bring a cooling effect to the area around you. The other important factor is the role that the roof plays in giving a home to wild animals. Wild insects and birds may find your roof to be a good living place just because you have fixed a green roof. It seems that the green roof is a win-win for you and the environment. However, this does not mean it is good for you. Its environmental benefits are only workable in situations where you intend to keep it for long. If you intend to replace yours in a few years, stick to a normal roof. Green roofs use so many materials underneath that they could be harmful to the environment. 1．Why did sod roofs become unpopular? A．Caves lost their attraction. B．They were too expensive to maintain. C．Natural elements would do damage to them. D．Their productivity failed to meet requirements. 2．What does the underlined word “exploited” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Developed. B．Recovered. C．Replaced. D．Changed. 3．What does the author want to express in paragraph 3? A．The development of green roofs. B．The materials used in green roofs. C．The ways to maintain green roofs. D．The advantages of green roofs. 4．What can we learn about green roofs from the text? A．They should be replaced regularly. B．They are eco-friendly under certain conditions. C．More recyclable materials should be invented. D．Wildlife’s home is harmed in an unexpected way. Passage 2 （25-26高一下·福建福州·期中）Musical training is gaining worldwide recognition for its striking impact on human cognition (认知), which has long been paid less attention to in traditional education. A growing body of scientific evidence shows that learning to play a musical instrument greatly promotes brain development and strengthens the processing skills of languages, especially when people try to understand speech in noisy environments. To explore how music influences the brain, researchers at Northwestern University carried out a controlled experiment, in which they compared two groups of young adults. One group had received continuous musical training for at least four years, while the other had no experience of playing any musical instrument. Participants (参加者) were asked to recognize spoken statements mixed with background noise, and the results showed a clear advantage: those with musical training performed much better in picking out useful sounds from unwanted noise. Professor Kraus, who was in charge of the study, stressed that continuous musical practice sharply improves auditory processing. The ability to identify pitch, rhythm (节奏) and tone in music directly strengthens the brain’s ability to understand spoken language, benefiting daily communication and classroom learning. The findings also proved that people with musical training usually have better memories and higher grades in language subjects. Regular instrumental practice helps improve attention and connections, placing a solid cognitive basis for better academic performance. Based on the above findings, Professor Kraus and some experts suggest that music could receive greater attention in school curricula. Instead of being regarded as an extra subject for relaxation, music should be treated as a key part of basic education that supports all-round intellectual development. Music is not just a form of entertainment, but a powerful type of cognitive training that can effectively improve students’ learning abilities in different fields. 1．What is the function of musical training according to Paragraph 1? A．To offer people more ways to relax. B．To reduce background noise in daily life. C．To take the place of traditional education. D．To improve language processing ability. 2．What can we infer from Professor Kraus’s words? A．Music helps with language understanding. B．Classroom learning depends on musical talent. C．Music is less useful in daily communication. D．Noise influences people’s rhythm recognition. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the present school music education? A．Supportive. B．Confident. C．Unconcerned. D．Dissatisfied. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．School Music Education Needs Greater Attention. B．Musical Training Improves Language Cognitive Skills. C．Music Study Helps Noise-Based Language Recognition. D．Auditory Processing Promotes Language Understanding. Passage 3 （25-26高一下·浙江）Eat more when you are stressed? You’re not alone. More than a third of the participants in a survey said they change their diets during stressful times. Many of us are quick to turn to either sugary foods or highly refined carbohydrates(碳水化合物)when the stress hits. “It can be a bit harmful,” says David Ludwig, a professor at Harvard University. “When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to ups and downs in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses”. So, if eating lots of refined carbohydrates and sugar may worsen our responses to stress, are there other types of food that make us more resilient? Researcher Joe Hibbeln believes the answer is yes. He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health. He also points to clinical trials that have found that omega-3 fatty acids may help control depressive symptoms. And a study of schoolchildren in England linked omega-3 fatty acids to more pro-social behavior. Drew Ramsey, an expert at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress. He points to his favorite breakfast: eggs mixed with the greens and topped with pumpkin seeds. With this meal, you are covering all your bases, Ramsey says. The eggs are a good source of B vitamins and protein, which can be more satisfactory than a carbohydrates-based breakfast. The greens are incredibly nutrient-dense, and are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K and potassium. And the pumpkin seeds are a good source of magnesium, which is thought to play a role in fighting off anxiety — and zinc, which may help improve the immune system(免疫系统). The bottom line? The foods we choose can’t magic away stress. But Ramsey says he believes “There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood”. 1．What does David Ludwig say about the foods we seek when stressed? A．They are full of nutrients. B．They provide instant comfort. C．They have long-term benefits. D．They help get rid of stress. 2．What does Joe Hibbeln’s research focus on? A．What depressive behaviors schoolchildren have. B．Why lots of refined foods release people’s anxiety. C．Whether omega-3 fatty acids are linked to emotional health. D．How omega-3 fatty acids worsen people’s responses to stress. 3．Why does Ramsey introduce his favourite breakfast? A．To attach importance to all kinds of vitamins. B．To show the emotional support from a diet. C．To explain his ways of beating hunger. D．To give examples of making delicious breakfast. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．More Food, More Comfort. B．Authentic recipe, Excellent Fitness. C．Regular Eating, Reduced Stress. D．Better Diet, Better Mood. Passage 4 （25-26高一下·青海西宁·月考）The Wilhelm scream is a famous sound effect in cinema history. And if you’ve watched some films in the last 70 years, you’ve probably heard it before! It’s a loud and funny scream that was first recorded in 1951 for the film Distant Drums, for a scene in which a character is attacked by an alligator (鳄鱼). The scream was later used again in the 1953 movie The Charge at Feather River. In the film, a character named Private Wilhelm is shot with an arrow (箭), which is where the sound gets its name. In the 1970s, sound engineer Ben Burtt discovered the Wilhelm scream while searching through the Warner Bros. sound archives (档案). He thought it was funny, and began using it in the films he worked on. He first used it in Star Wars: Episode Ⅳ — A New Hope in 1977, where the scream can be heard during a fight scene. “It was just for my own pleasure. Nobody asked for it. Nobody noticed it. That was it,” Burtt said. From there, Burtt secretly included the Wilhelm scream in more films he worked on, including the Indiana Jones movies, other Star Wars movies and more. Eventually, with the rise of the Internet and the popularity of DVDs, movie fans began to recognize the scream and its recurring appearances in films. As word spread, other sound engineers started using the Wilhelm scream in their movies, too. According to the National Science and Media Museum, the sound is believed to have been used in over 400 movies and TV shows, including The Lord of the Rings and even Toy Story. Burtt says he tries not to include the scream in his movies anymore, but his staff use it anyway, as they feel it’s a necessary part of their films. “I’ve created a monster,” Burtt joked. 1．Why does the author mention Private Wilhelm in paragraph 2? A．To explain the origin of the Wilhelm scream. B．To make a comparison between two characters. C．To show how fun and loud the Wilhelm scream is. D．To prove the success of The Charge at Feather River. 2．In which film was the Wilhelm scream first used by Burtt? A．Distant Drums. B．Toy Story. C．Star Wars: Episode Ⅳ — A New Hope. D．Indiana Jones. 3．Which of the following has the closest meaning to “recurring” in paragraph 4? A．Reduced. B．Repeated. C．Restored. D．Relaxing. 4．What can we infer about the Wilhelm scream from the last paragraph? A．It is gradually losing its attraction. B．Using it requires Burtt’s agreement. C．Burtt used it as a sound of a monster. D．It became widely recognized. Passage 5 （25-26高一下·湖北·期中）AI has made its way into almost every field, and according to Abta’s latest Holiday Habits report, the travel industry is no exception. The rate of people using AI to get some travel ideas has doubled in the past 12 months, up to 8 percent from 4 percent. The survey of 2,001 people also showed that younger generations are leading the way in using AI. The largest age group is 25-to-34-year-olds, with 18 percent looking for travel ideas through AI. That number drops to 13 percent for 18-to-24-year-olds. And only 3 percent of 55-to-64-year-olds are using AI for holiday tips. However, AI has not taken over just yet when it comes to researching trips, as Internet searches (48 percent) and recommendations from friends and family (41 percent) still remain the most common ways to choose where to go. In fact, people taking more traditional routes, such as looking through holiday brochures, still take up 25 percent. Abta says that AI will continue to grow when it comes to trip planning. Holidaymakers have already shown a level of trust in AI for making travel decisions. 43 percent people in the survey said they would be confident to some degree in letting an AI tool plan their holiday, with this number dropping to just 38 percent letting the tool book their trip for them. Travel industry leaders state that AI will continue to be a big part of what customers do before they make a travel decision. According to them, AI will greatly influence the travel industry, but travellers still want to communicate with a travel company before booking trips. Travel companies will not vanish anytime soon, because of that group of customers who think it’s necessary to go in and look someone in the eye when they’re booking something. 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By providing figures. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining causes. 2．What is the most popular way for people to plan their trips? A．Turning to AI for travel ideas. B．Turning to friends and family for advice. C．Searching for information on the Internet. D．Reading through printed holiday brochures. 3．What does the underlined word “vanish” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Come into being. B．Die out. C．Take up. D．Show up. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．AI’s fast development in modern technology. B．AI’s growing part in travel planning. C．Young people’s strong preference for new technology. D．Difficulties traditional travel companies are facing. Passage 6 （25-26高一下·浙江·期中）Music is an important part of human life. It has existed for thousands of years, even earlier than written language. In ancient times, people used simple sounds and songs to express emotions like happiness or sadness, and to pass on stories to the next generation. Without formal writing, music helped communities keep their traditions alive, making history a living experience for everyone. Music deeply influences our feelings. Soft music relaxes us when we’re stressed or tired, while cheerful music lifts our spirits when we’re upset. Many students listen to music while resting because it keeps them in a good mood. In hard times, music acts as a gentle companion, offering comfort and an escape from daily pressures. There are many music genres with unique charms. Pop music is popular among teenagers for its easy lyrics and lively tunes. Classical music, by composers like Mozart and Beethoven, lets people enjoy art. Folk music tells ordinary people’s life and culture, and rock music, full of energy, is loved by young people for its strong rhythm and expressive lyrics. Each type reflects the diverse tastes of music lovers worldwide. Today, the Internet and mobile phones make it easy to access music anytime, anywhere. Some people also learn to play instruments or sing in bands. Music brings people together too — at concerts or parties, people share joy through music, strengthening friendships and family ties. In fact, music is like a universal language. It touches hearts without words, enriches our lives, and connects people across cultures and generations, making the world more wonderful. 1．Why did ancient people use music according to the first paragraph? A．To develop written language. B．To make themselves more relaxed. C．To show danger only. D．To pass on stories to the next generation. 2．How does music influence people according to Paragraph 2? A．It makes people feel more stressed. B．It helps improve memory quickly. C．It greatly affects people’s moods. D．It completely removes life pressure. 3．Which of the following is true about different kinds of music? A．Folk music is famous for its strong rhythm. B．Pop music is popular among teenagers. C．Classical music is full of energy. D．Rock music tells common people’s life. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show the importance of music in life. B．To introduce the history of ancient music. C．To teach people how to create music. D．To advise on choosing right music. Passage 7 The Fahai Temple, located at the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain in the Shijingshan district of Beijing, houses Ming Dynasty frescoes (壁画) dating back nearly 600 years. Today, a brand-new Fahai Temple Mural Art Center has been built at the foot of the mountain. “By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator. First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace. “The frescoes depict 77 figures, including ordinary people, Buddhas and Bodhisattva, each with different postures and expressions,” said Liu. With the fall of Ming Dynasty, the prosperity of the Fahai Temple too came to an abrupt end. However, in recent years, the development of a high-tech industry featuring creativity services and digital technology has given the Shijingshan district government more confidence in the digital display of frescoes. At the exhibition of Fahai Temple Mural Art Center, the original mural paintings are displayed on a 4K HD screen, presenting them at their actual size. Each of the 77 figures is portrayed with thorough attention to detail using 3D modeling at the pixel (像素) level. The facial details of Water-moon Avalokitesvara, one of the most representative figures on the frescoes of Fahai Temple, are hard to make out in dim conditions. However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center. “Through technological means, we can zoom in on them to show specific details and introduce the content of the frescoes item by item, offering the audience ample time to understand the frescoes,” Liu explained. 1．What can we know about the Fahai Temple frescoes? A．They were built during the Qing Dynasty. B．They are among China’s three major frescoes. C．There are altogether 77 Buddhas in the frescoes. D．They remained prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. 2．Why is 3D modeling used for the frescoes? A．To reduce the actual size of the figures. B．To make the figures move like real ones. C．To change the facial expressions of the figures. D．To show the details more clearly and completely. 3．What does the underlined word “zoom in on” probably mean? A．Enlarge B．Decorate C．Restore D．Appreciate 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The long history of the Fahai Temple. B．Ways to appreciate the Fahai Temple frescoes. C．The introduction of three great Chinese frescoes. D．Application of digital technology to ancient frescoes. Passage 8 （25-26高一下·甘肃武威·月考）China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历). It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day falls on March 20th. The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. Therefore, people celebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs about dragons. On the day in ancient times, people put ashes (灰) in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn. Also, people eat special foods on that day. The foods are usually named after dragons. For example, people eat “dragon whisker (细须)” noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”. Today, many customs have faded away. But one that has remained is the cutting of hair. It was said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the mother’s brothers. So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day. 1．Which country celebrates Dragon Head Raising Day? A．Britain. B．China. C．The United States. D．France. 2．When was Dragon Head Raising Day this year? A．March 8. B．February 2. C．February 21. D．March 20. 3．Which custom has been kept according to the passage? A．Dragon boat racing. B．To eat zongzi. C．To have hair cut. D．To eat mooncakes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Dragons in Chinese Culture B．Dragon Head Raising Day C．Customs on Dragon Head Raising Day D．Haircut is a Traditional Custom Passage 9 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期中）Faced with the growing dangers of climate change, scientists are considering a new plan: moving endangered animals to new habitats far from their old homes. This method, called assisted migration (辅助迁徙), is designed to protect these animals from rising temperatures and habitat loss. A recent example is the relocation of the Sooty storm-petrel, a seabird that usually lives on low-lying islands in Hawaii and Japan. Its main nesting (筑巢的) area, Tern Island, is only 1.8 meters high and is being worn away by the sea. Therefore, about 40 young birds have been taken 800 kilometers away to Oahu. The biologist Eric Vander Werf notes that climate change is making such actions increasingly necessary. It is hoped that these birds can return to their original living places if the environment improves. This new way of protecting animals is gaining wider acceptance. There are plans to update the Endangered Species Act, making it easier to move the most threatened species to new places. Because of this, officials and scientists have identified some animals and plants that might be moved, including Florida’s Key deer, Karner blue butterfly, as well as some desert plants and lizards. However, not everyone supports this approach. Some lawmakers argue that introducing new species into different ecosystems (生态系统) can create new risks, such as threatening native species or damaging the local environment. The biologist Jason McLachlan points out that this is a major change in our means of saving species. He also believes that as global warming forces animals to move at an alarming rate, the traditional idea of what is regarded as a native species is not as clear as it once was. In the past, climate changes happened so slowly over thousands of years that plants and animals could fully adapt to the new environment, but today such changes are happening much too quickly for most ecosystems. 1．Why were the Sooty storm-petrels moved to Oahu? A．To protect native species. B．To follow wildlife laws. C．To escape rising sea levels. D．To return to original habitat. 2．What can we know about Florida’s Key deer? A．They are at great risk. B．They are under good protection. C．They have been officially moved. D．They have been settled in new places. 3．What can we infer from Jason McLachlan’s words? A．Animals fail to move fast enough. B．People value native species highly. C．Assisted migration will be well accepted. D．The definition of native species needs reconsidering. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To discuss the risks of relocation. B．To describe dangers to wild animals. C．To call for immediate climate action. D．To introduce a new protection method. Passage 10 You don’t have to be a fan of maths to get excited about Pi （ “π” ） Day. While the event, which is also Albert Einstein’s birthday, may start with some calculations （计算）, it is more than likely to end up with a slice （片） or two of delicious pie. The holiday is held every March 14, because “π” is widely recognised as 3.14. The tradition of honouring “π” began at San Francisco’s Exploratorium Museum. On March 14, 1988, physicist Larry Shaw convinced his colleagues to mark the day by marching around one of the museum’s circular spaces and eating fruit pies. The celebration was made official in 2009 when the US House of Representatives designated （命名） March 14 as Pi Day. Today, Pi Day is observed in many creative ways.Students at the California Institute of Technology in Los Angeles host a pie-eating event, which begins at 1:59 a.m.and features 26 pies, each of five different flavours of the popular dessert. Though that might seem random （随意的）, the date （3.14）, time （159）, number of pies （26）, and number of varieties （5） recreate （再现） the first nine digits of Pi: 3.14159265! Students applying for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） in Boston eagerly wait for the day every year to find out if they have been accepted. However, instead of sending out the offers at 3:14 p.m., the institution waits till 6:28 p.m. 6.28 is called Tau, which is Pi multiplied （乘） by 2.The number is believed to be much more reliable than Pi by some experts and even has its own celebration on June 28.Since 2017, MIT has also used Pi Day as a fundraiser to support its students, departments and programmes. The town of Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived from 1935 until his death in 1955, celebrates the occasion with multi-day festivities that end on March 14.Visitors can participate in concerts, shows, as well as pie-eating, pi-recitation, and Einstein-lookalike contests. 1.Where was Pi Day originally celebrated? A.In San Francisco. B.In Los Angeles. C.In Boston. D.In Princeton. 2.When was Pi Day made an official holiday? A.In 1955. B.In 1988. C.In 2009. D.In 2017. 3.What does MIT do on Pi Day according to the passage? A.Set a calculation test. B.Make desserts of different flavours. C.Organise a march around the campus. D.Inform applicants of admission results. 4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A.To make a comparison. B.To give an introduction. C.To share advice. D.To give an explanation. Passage 11 Nowadays most kids live on their digital devices. Some data show that the social media could play a role in their mental health—something that has been on the decrease among teens and tweens. But how big a role it plays also appears to depend on how kids choose to use it. In recent years, the Internet has done some great things. It brought people closer together. It helped people form big communities in the world. And it can be an important place for people to find support and connection. But some adolescents（青少年）can be exposed to something harmful. For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens had been bullied （伤害） online. The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media. Social media is also a space where people are repeatedly comparing themselves to others. Am I pretty enough or strong enough? One study of kids 13 to 17 years old found that almost half reported that time spent on social media made them feel worse about their bodies. Only about one in every seven said viewing social media made them feel better. “It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,” Whitlock, a research psychologist studying Internet use by adolescents, explains, “because everyone uses it.” There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them. Still, one study of nearly 6,600 US teens linked the use of social media to depression, anxiety and a poor body image. There’s still not enough evidence to say social media is safe for kids, but there was plenty of evidence to warn kids that they should take care when using it. The important fact, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional （有意的）.By that, she means social media should be used for some purposeful goals, not just to pass the time. 1.What use of the Internet does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A.Job hunting. B.Online shopping. C.Homeschooling. D.Social networking. 2.Why can teens be negatively affected in their mental health by using social media? A.They are so busy with online surveys as not to get relaxed. B.They are very likely to suffer from cyberbullying online. C.They are always compared in looks and strength. D.They are too young to deal with stress properly. 3.According to Whitlock, what is the challenge for researchers? A.Not enough comparisons. B.Improper research designs. C.Too many Internet users. D.Limited study periods. 4.What advice is given by Whitlock to kids on the use of social media? A.Use it carefully, since it is linked to both good and harm. B.Try not to use it, considering the risk it may cause. C.Use it however you want, as long as there is a purpose. D.Don’t use it to kill time but for some real purposes. Passage 12 [河南驻马店高中2025高一月考] Ria Kalluri and her co-workers gave a simple demand to Dall·E.This bot uses AI to make images.“We asked for an image of a disabled person leading a meeting,” says Kalluri. It shouldn’t be hard for Dall·E. But the bot couldn’t do it. “Dall·E produced a person who is visibly disabled watching a meeting while someone else leads,” Kalluri recalls, who studies AI at Stanford University in California. Kalluri’s group also found examples of many other types of bias （偏差） in images made by bots. Sadly, all of these biases are assumptions that many people also make. But AI paints a world that is more biased than reality. In addition to Dall·E, Kalluri’s group also tested Stable Diffusion, another image-making bot.“When asked for photos of an attractive person, its results were all light-skinned,” says Kalluri.“And many had eyes that were bright blue—bluer than real people’s.” “This is a big deal,” Kalluri says. Biased images can cause real harm. Seeing them tends to strengthen people’s stereotypes （刻板印象）.A flood of AI-made biased imagery could be extremely difficult to overcome （克服）. Developers train bots such as Dall·E or Stable Diffusion to create images. They do this by showing them many example images.“But a lot of these images are outdated,” explains Kalluri. AI image generators average their training data together to create a big map. In this map, similar words and images are grouped closer together. Bots can’t know anything about the world beyond their training data, notes Kalluri. They cannot create or imagine new things. That means AI-made images can only reflect how people and things appeared in the images on which they trained. Kalluri doesn’t think this type of approach will work in the long term. In her eyes, local communities would gather data for AI and train it for their own purposes. She wishes for “technologies that support our communities”.This, she says, is how to avoid bias and harm. 1.What is Dall·E able to do? A.Watch a baby. B.Chair a meeting. C.Create images. D.Give directions. 2.Why did Kalluri’s group test Stable Diffusion? A.To better a practical app. B.To change its function. C.To print an attractive photo. D.To confirm their worry. 3.What can be known about AI-made images? A .They are built on the past. B.They feature creativity. C.They reflect our current world. D.They are quite meaningful. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A.The future of AI-powered tools. B.Problems of AI image producers. C.The solution to AI’s development. D.People’s misunderstanding of AI. Passage 13 [湖北十堰2025高一联考] Scientists say newly examined data from a Chinese rover on Mars adds to evidence that the planet once had a large ocean. The rover began its data collection mission in an area known as Utopia Planitia in May 2021, and stopped operating about one year later, with mission planners saying the power system was affected by sand and dust. But the rover still outlasted its planned mission of three months. Scientists said all the evidence appeared to show that Utopia Planitia had geological features suggesting an ancient ocean coastline. The features included troughs （波谷） and channels that may have been formed by flowing water. Earlier research that examined data of similar surface features suggested they might have been created by mud volcanoes, which likely formed where there had been water or ice. Scientists based the conclusion above on data from the rover with observations from past satellites orbiting Mars. Wu Bo was involved with the study. He is a planetary scientist at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Wu said, “We estimate the flooding of the Utopia Planitia on Mars was billions of years ago. The ocean surface was likely frozen in a geologically short period.” The search for water on Mars is closely linked to the search for signs of possible life. Evidence of a past ocean raises the possibility that the planet may have supported microbial life. Scientists said the data showed that the ocean seemed to have disappeared by about 3.42 billion years ago.“The water that likely filled the Martian ocean was heavily silted （淤塞）,” the study co-writer Sergey Krasilnikov said.“During the period when the Martian ocean would have been active, the planet probably had a thick, warm atmosphere. Then, microbial life was much more likely,” he added.Wu said the new findings did “provide further evidence to support the theory of a Martian ocean”.However, he noted the study didn’t claim that the findings definitively proved there was an ocean on Mars. Such proof, he said, would require a future mission to bring Mars materials back to Earth for closer research. 1.What do we know about the rover? A.It obtained power from sand and dust. B.It worked in volcanoes and icy water. C.It found sea features in Utopia Planitia. D.It operated on Mars until August 2021. 2.How did the scientists draw their conclusion? A.By integrating new data and old data. B.By proving the previous assumption. C.By demonstrating a geological model. D.By gathering the same result of papers. 3.What attitude did Wu Bo take to the new finding? A.Unsatisfied. B.Indifferent. C.Confident. D.Cautious. 4.What is conveyed in the last paragraph? A.There are some drawbacks about the study. B.More studies need doing on Mars samples. C.Scientists should explore life on Mars next. D.Living conditions will be created on Mars. Passage 14 In a remote Indonesian village, a 60-year-old male orangutan(红毛猩猩) was spotted near farmers’ crops. Concerned locals called authorities, who tied the animal with ropes and relocated him to a “safer” forest miles away, convinced they were protecting him. But for this old orangutan, the move became a disaster. A new study reveals that relocating wild orangutans, even with the best intentions, often threatens their survival. Between 2005 and 2022, researchers tracked hundreds of orangutan translocations in Indonesia. The findings were worrying: nearly one-third of the moved animals traveled all the way back to their original homes — sometimes covering over 60 miles. Worse, mothers and babies were often separated during relocation. Since young orangutans depend on their moms for up to nine years, this separation puts their lives in danger. Why does this well-intentioned effort fail? Translocation, Julie Sherman, the study’s lead author argues, damages orangutans’ social structure. Orangutans live in complex(复杂的) social groups, and moving them to new areas forces them into the fight with existing orangutans or humans there. Members of their own species might attack them, and humans in the new area may view them as threats. Plus, the study revealed that 81.7% of caught orangutans were healthy, making people question if relocation was even necessary. Julie Sherman compared moving a 60-year-old orangutan to “taking a grandpa away forcefully and leaving him in a strange city where no one wants him”, a scary and confusing experience for the animal. Environmentalists like biology professor Serge Wich say the fix isn’t moving orangutans but helping people and them live together harmoniously. “As development chips away at forests, we can’t keep catching every orangutan near farms or villages,” Wich says. “We need to work with local communities to make space for forests, fields, and villages to mix, where orangutans can stay in their home.”With all three orangutan species now extremely endangered, “rescuing” them by moving them clearly isn’t the answer. Instead, we need ways for humans and orangutans to share space peacefully, just like foxes and people do in the UK. After all, orangutans should live in the homes they’ve always known. 1.What did the study find about the relocated orangutans? A. Most stayed in their new forests happily. B. Many returned to their original habitats. C. Young ones were in need of new mothers. D. Old ones were mainly chosen for relocation. 2.Why did Julie Sherman make the comparison in paragraph 3? A. To suggest orangutans share human feelings. B. To express the harm in relocating orangutans. C. To illustrate worries over the orangutan species. D. To highlight human responsibility for the move. 3.What does Serge Wich suggest to protect orangutans? A. Combining translocation with protection. B. Expanding the area of the protected forests. C. Achieving coexistence through joint efforts. D. Relocating all orangutans to a natural reserve. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Study on Orangutans in Indonesia B. The Story of an Old Orangutan’s Return C. Problems Between People and Orangutans D. The Unintended Risk of Relocating Orangutans Passage 15 [2025石家庄二中高一期末]To communicate without words, humans use a host of gestures.Toshitaka Suzuki at the University of Tokyo and his colleagues wanted to know whether it is the same among birds. Now those researchers have found, in a particularly polite example, the first documented evidence of a symbolic gesture used by birds. Some birds seem to flutter(拍打) their wings to signal to their mates, suggesting that the animals may communicate with a variety of gestures. Toshitaka Suzuki and his colleagues set up hundreds of nest boxes in a forest populated by Japanese tits(山雀) near the town of Karuizawa. Each box had a 7.5-centimetre-wide hole, just big enough for one bird to squeeze(挤进) through at a time. During the breeding season, the team observed 321 nest visits of eight breeding pairs. If a bird couple arrived at the nest together, each tit would land on a nearby branch before entering. About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female. When neither bird fluttered its wings, which made up 44 percent of nest visits, the females usually entered first. Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings, which was followed by the female entering first. Wing fluttering wasn’t observed at all when each bird arrived separately. The team believes that this discovery conflicts with earlier beliefs that only a few species use gestures to communicate. “They’ve done a really good job here of showing there is a connection between this movement, this gesture, and the other bird’s action,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at Cornell University, who was not involved in the research. “It’s really strong support to the notion that it’s a symbolic gesture. The bird that’s the receiver knows what it means, and it does what it’s supposed to do.” “We can conclude that this wing fluttering conveys ‘after you’,” says Suzuki. “This study is the first to show us clearly by evidence that birds can use wing movements to express a particular meaning.” 1.What did Suzuki and his co-workers want to figure out? A. How birds treat their mates. B. Whether birds use symbolic gestures. C. How birds divide their work to build nests. D. Whether birds can communicate with each other. 2.According to paragraph 3, why did tits flutter their wings? A. To show direction to the other bird. B. To signal their mates to enter the nest. C. To dry off their wings after flying in the rain. D. To scare away possible hunters near the nest. 3. How did the researchers conduct the study on Japanese tits? A. By listing some examples. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By reviewing previous documents. D. By observing and making contrasts. 4.What does Mike Webster think of the study? A. It’s limited. B. It’s relaxing. C. It’s objective. D. It’s amazing. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年新人教版高一英语下学期阅读理解15篇（说明文）（全国通用）解析版 考查能力：① 捕捉事实细节（数据、特征、过程）；② 理解逻辑结构（因果、对比、分类、时间顺序）；③ 推测词义句意（根据上下文推断术语或难句）；④ 概括主旨意图（把握说明对象及作者的客观态度等）。 解题思路： 1. 先题干，后原文：先读题干圈出关键词（专有名词、数字、术语），带着目标定位原文，避免通读浪费时间。 2. 定位与比对：根据顺序出题原则（一般按文章顺序），在相应段落找同义替换句。注意转折词（however, but）、因果关系（because, lead to）、举例（for example, such as）处常设考点。 3. 排除干扰项：常见陷阱包括“张冠李戴”（把A的特征给B）、“无中生有”（原文未提及）、“绝对化”（must, never替换原文的may, sometimes）。 4. 主旨题解法：重点读首段、末段及每段首句；若问标题或目的，关注体现作者写作意图的动词（explain, describe, introduce）。 特别注意：说明文常考下定义（that is, refer to）和数据对比（比较级、倍数），可快速标记。平时多练科技、环保、文化类话题能显著提速。 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·甘肃酒泉·期中）Green-roofed buildings date back thousands of years, even before the concept (概念) of housing known today was born. The earliest green roofs came in the form of sod (草皮) roofs above caves (洞穴). Plants were used on top of the caves for ceremonial and agricultural purposes. But sod roofs slowly fell out of favor as their usefulness wore down with the terrible weather and wildlife visits. Modern green roofing technology was exploited around the 1960s. It all started with Germany creating advanced solutions to roof leaking (泄漏). The new technology was heavily marketed, and most people in Germany started using green roofs. Since then, many technologies have come up to advance green roofs. Today, green roofs are growing in popularity across the world. In terms of design, a green roof is one of the main ways to bring nature into your home. It brings the beauty of the wild right into your home. They offer beautiful views from above and below. Environmentally, a green roof is one of the best ways to bring a microclimate into your home. Even if you live in a hot area, a green roof will bring a cooling effect to the area around you. The other important factor is the role that the roof plays in giving a home to wild animals. Wild insects and birds may find your roof to be a good living place just because you have fixed a green roof. It seems that the green roof is a win-win for you and the environment. However, this does not mean it is good for you. Its environmental benefits are only workable in situations where you intend to keep it for long. If you intend to replace yours in a few years, stick to a normal roof. Green roofs use so many materials underneath that they could be harmful to the environment. 1．Why did sod roofs become unpopular? A．Caves lost their attraction. B．They were too expensive to maintain. C．Natural elements would do damage to them. D．Their productivity failed to meet requirements. 2．What does the underlined word “exploited” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Developed. B．Recovered. C．Replaced. D．Changed. 3．What does the author want to express in paragraph 3? A．The development of green roofs. B．The materials used in green roofs. C．The ways to maintain green roofs. D．The advantages of green roofs. 4．What can we learn about green roofs from the text? A．They should be replaced regularly. B．They are eco-friendly under certain conditions. C．More recyclable materials should be invented. D．Wildlife’s home is harmed in an unexpected way. 【答案速查】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【知识点】房屋和家居、科普知识 、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了绿色屋顶的历史、现代发展、优点以及在特定条件下的生态友好性，旨在帮助读者全面了解绿色屋顶的相关知识。 1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“But sod roofs slowly fell out of favor as their usefulness wore down with the terrible weather and wildlife visits. (但由于恶劣的天气和野生动物的造访，草皮屋顶的实用性逐渐降低，慢慢不再受欢迎。)”可知，草皮屋顶不再受欢迎是因为自然因素（恶劣天气和野生动物）会对它们造成损害。故选C。 2．A 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Modern green roofing technology was exploited around the 1960s. It all started with Germany creating advanced solutions to roof leaking (泄露). The new technology was heavily marketed, and most people in Germany started using green roofs. (现代绿色屋顶技术在20世纪60年代左右被“exploited”。这一切都始于德国为解决屋顶漏水问题而创造的先进解决方案。这项新技术被大力推广，德国大多数人都开始使用绿色屋顶。)”可知，绿色屋顶技术被大力推广并得到应用，由此可推测“exploited”意为“开发，发展”。A项“Developed(开发，发展)”符合语境。 3．D 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In terms of design, a green roof is one of the main ways to bring nature into your home. It brings the beauty of the wild right into your home. They offer beautiful views from above and below. Environmentally, a green roof is one of the best ways to bring a microclimate into your home. Even if you live in a hot area, a green roof will bring a cooling effect to the area around you. The other important factor is the role that the roof plays in giving a home to wild animals. Wild insects and birds may find your roof to be a good living place just because you have fixed a green roof. (在设计方面，绿色屋顶是将自然引入家中的主要方式之一。它将野外的美景直接带入你的家中。它们从上方和下方都能提供美丽的景色。在环境方面，绿色屋顶是将微气候引入家中的最佳方式之一。即使你住在炎热的地方，绿色屋顶也会给你周围的地区带来降温效果。另一个重要因素是屋顶在为野生动物提供家园方面所起的作用。野生昆虫和鸟类可能会发现你的屋顶是一个很好的居住地，仅仅因为你安装了一个绿色屋顶。)”可知，本段主要介绍了绿色屋顶在设计、环境和生态方面的优点。故选D。 4．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Its environmental benefits are only workable in situations where you intend to keep it for long. If you intend to replace yours in a few years, stick to a normal roof. Green roofs use so many materials underneath that they could be harmful to the environment. (它的环境效益只有在你打算长期保留的情况下才可行。如果你打算在几年内更换你的屋顶，那就坚持使用普通屋顶。绿色屋顶下面使用了大量的材料，这些材料可能对环境有害。)”可知，绿色屋顶在特定条件下（即打算长期保留的情况下）是生态友好的。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一下·福建福州·期中）Musical training is gaining worldwide recognition for its striking impact on human cognition (认知), which has long been paid less attention to in traditional education. A growing body of scientific evidence shows that learning to play a musical instrument greatly promotes brain development and strengthens the processing skills of languages, especially when people try to understand speech in noisy environments. To explore how music influences the brain, researchers at Northwestern University carried out a controlled experiment, in which they compared two groups of young adults. One group had received continuous musical training for at least four years, while the other had no experience of playing any musical instrument. Participants (参加者) were asked to recognize spoken statements mixed with background noise, and the results showed a clear advantage: those with musical training performed much better in picking out useful sounds from unwanted noise. Professor Kraus, who was in charge of the study, stressed that continuous musical practice sharply improves auditory processing. The ability to identify pitch, rhythm (节奏) and tone in music directly strengthens the brain’s ability to understand spoken language, benefiting daily communication and classroom learning. The findings also proved that people with musical training usually have better memories and higher grades in language subjects. Regular instrumental practice helps improve attention and connections, placing a solid cognitive basis for better academic performance. Based on the above findings, Professor Kraus and some experts suggest that music could receive greater attention in school curricula. Instead of being regarded as an extra subject for relaxation, music should be treated as a key part of basic education that supports all-round intellectual development. Music is not just a form of entertainment, but a powerful type of cognitive training that can effectively improve students’ learning abilities in different fields. 1．What is the function of musical training according to Paragraph 1? A．To offer people more ways to relax. B．To reduce background noise in daily life. C．To take the place of traditional education. D．To improve language processing ability. 2．What can we infer from Professor Kraus’s words? A．Music helps with language understanding. B．Classroom learning depends on musical talent. C．Music is less useful in daily communication. D．Noise influences people’s rhythm recognition. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the present school music education? A．Supportive. B．Confident. C．Unconcerned. D．Dissatisfied. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．School Music Education Needs Greater Attention. B．Musical Training Improves Language Cognitive Skills. C．Music Study Helps Noise-Based Language Recognition. D．Auditory Processing Promotes Language Understanding. 【答案速查】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【知识点】音乐与舞蹈、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了音乐训练对人类认知，尤其是语言处理能力有显著积极影响，建议学校应更重视音乐教育。 1．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“A growing body of scientific evidence shows that learning to play a musical instrument greatly promotes brain development and strengthens the processing skills of languages, especially when people try to understand speech in noisy environments. (越来越多的科学证据表明，学习演奏乐器能极大地促进大脑发育，并增强语言处理能力，尤其是当人们在嘈杂环境中试图理解言语时)”可知，音乐训练的功能是提高语言处理能力。故选D。 2．A 推理判断题。根据第三段“The ability to identify pitch, rhythm (节奏) and tone in music directly strengthens the brain’s ability to understand spoken language, benefiting daily communication and classroom learning. (识别音乐中的音高、节奏和音调的能力直接增强了大脑理解口语的能力，有利于日常交流和课堂学习)”可知，我们能从克劳斯教授的话中推断出音乐有助于语言理解。故选A。 3．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Based on the above findings, Professor Kraus and some experts suggest that music could receive greater attention in school curricula. Instead of being regarded as an extra subject for relaxation, music should be treated as a key part of basic education that supports all-round intellectual development. (基于上述发现，克劳斯教授和一些专家建议，音乐在学校课程中应该得到更多关注。音乐不应被视为放松的额外科目，而应被视为支持全面智力发展的基础教育的重要组成部分)”可知，作者对目前的学校音乐教育不满意，认为它没有得到足够重视。故选D。 4．B 主旨大意题。文章开篇指出音乐训练对人类认知有显著影响，且在传统教育中长期未得到足够重视，接着通过西北大学的研究实验，详细阐述了音乐训练能促进大脑发育、增强语言处理能力，比如有音乐训练的人在嘈杂环境中识别有用声音的能力更强，还能提高记忆力、在语言学科取得更好成绩等，所以“音乐训练提高语言认知技能”准确概括了文章，重点阐述其对语言认知技能提升这一核心内容，适合作为文章标题。故选 B。 Passage 3 （25-26高一下·浙江）Eat more when you are stressed? You’re not alone. More than a third of the participants in a survey said they change their diets during stressful times. Many of us are quick to turn to either sugary foods or highly refined carbohydrates(碳水化合物)when the stress hits. “It can be a bit harmful,” says David Ludwig, a professor at Harvard University. “When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to ups and downs in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses”. So, if eating lots of refined carbohydrates and sugar may worsen our responses to stress, are there other types of food that make us more resilient? Researcher Joe Hibbeln believes the answer is yes. He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health. He also points to clinical trials that have found that omega-3 fatty acids may help control depressive symptoms. And a study of schoolchildren in England linked omega-3 fatty acids to more pro-social behavior. Drew Ramsey, an expert at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress. He points to his favorite breakfast: eggs mixed with the greens and topped with pumpkin seeds. With this meal, you are covering all your bases, Ramsey says. The eggs are a good source of B vitamins and protein, which can be more satisfactory than a carbohydrates-based breakfast. The greens are incredibly nutrient-dense, and are a good source of vitamin A, vitamin K and potassium. And the pumpkin seeds are a good source of magnesium, which is thought to play a role in fighting off anxiety — and zinc, which may help improve the immune system(免疫系统). The bottom line? The foods we choose can’t magic away stress. But Ramsey says he believes “There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood”. 1．What does David Ludwig say about the foods we seek when stressed? A．They are full of nutrients. B．They provide instant comfort. C．They have long-term benefits. D．They help get rid of stress. 2．What does Joe Hibbeln’s research focus on? A．What depressive behaviors schoolchildren have. B．Why lots of refined foods release people’s anxiety. C．Whether omega-3 fatty acids are linked to emotional health. D．How omega-3 fatty acids worsen people’s responses to stress. 3．Why does Ramsey introduce his favourite breakfast? A．To attach importance to all kinds of vitamins. B．To show the emotional support from a diet. C．To explain his ways of beating hunger. D．To give examples of making delicious breakfast. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．More Food, More Comfort. B．Authentic recipe, Excellent Fitness. C．Regular Eating, Reduced Stress. D．Better Diet, Better Mood. 【答案速查】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【知识点】健康饮食 、说明文 【导语】文章介绍人在压力大时爱吃甜食和精制碳水有害，并介绍有益情绪、缓解压力的健康饮食。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we feel stressed, we seek foods that are going to comfort us immediately, but often those foods lead to ups and downs in hormones and blood sugar that increase our new stresses.(当我们感到压力时，我们会寻求能立刻带来安慰的食物，但这些食物往往会造成激素和血糖波动，从而增加新的压力)”可知，压力下想吃的食物能带来即时的情绪安慰。故选B。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He has spent the past two decades researching links between the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and emotional health.(他二十年来一直在研究鱼类中的Omega-3脂肪酸与情绪健康之间的联系)”可知，Joe Hibbeln的研究重点是Omega-3脂肪酸是否与情绪健康相关。故选C。 3．B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Drew Ramsey, an expert at Columbia University, says a nutrient-rich diet is best for beating stress.(哥伦比亚大学专家拉姆齐表示，营养丰富的饮食最有助于对抗压力)”以及后文详细介绍这份早餐的各类营养益处可知，他举例早餐是为了说明合理饮食能够舒缓情绪、缓解压力。故选B。 4．D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“But Ramsey says he believes “There is a very, very strong connection between food and mood”.(但拉姆齐认为“食物和情绪之间有着非常紧密的联系”)”以及全文围绕饮食影响压力、改善情绪展开可知，全文主旨是良好饮食能带来更好的情绪。D项“饮食更佳，心情更好”能概括文章主旨，适合做标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （25-26高一下·青海西宁·月考）The Wilhelm scream is a famous sound effect in cinema history. And if you’ve watched some films in the last 70 years, you’ve probably heard it before! It’s a loud and funny scream that was first recorded in 1951 for the film Distant Drums, for a scene in which a character is attacked by an alligator (鳄鱼). The scream was later used again in the 1953 movie The Charge at Feather River. In the film, a character named Private Wilhelm is shot with an arrow (箭), which is where the sound gets its name. In the 1970s, sound engineer Ben Burtt discovered the Wilhelm scream while searching through the Warner Bros. sound archives (档案). He thought it was funny, and began using it in the films he worked on. He first used it in Star Wars: Episode Ⅳ — A New Hope in 1977, where the scream can be heard during a fight scene. “It was just for my own pleasure. Nobody asked for it. Nobody noticed it. That was it,” Burtt said. From there, Burtt secretly included the Wilhelm scream in more films he worked on, including the Indiana Jones movies, other Star Wars movies and more. Eventually, with the rise of the Internet and the popularity of DVDs, movie fans began to recognize the scream and its recurring appearances in films. As word spread, other sound engineers started using the Wilhelm scream in their movies, too. According to the National Science and Media Museum, the sound is believed to have been used in over 400 movies and TV shows, including The Lord of the Rings and even Toy Story. Burtt says he tries not to include the scream in his movies anymore, but his staff use it anyway, as they feel it’s a necessary part of their films. “I’ve created a monster,” Burtt joked. 1．Why does the author mention Private Wilhelm in paragraph 2? A．To explain the origin of the Wilhelm scream. B．To make a comparison between two characters. C．To show how fun and loud the Wilhelm scream is. D．To prove the success of The Charge at Feather River. 2．In which film was the Wilhelm scream first used by Burtt? A．Distant Drums. B．Toy Story. C．Star Wars: Episode Ⅳ — A New Hope. D．Indiana Jones. 3．Which of the following has the closest meaning to “recurring” in paragraph 4? A．Reduced. B．Repeated. C．Restored. D．Relaxing. 4．What can we infer about the Wilhelm scream from the last paragraph? A．It is gradually losing its attraction. B．Using it requires Burtt’s agreement. C．Burtt used it as a sound of a monster. D．It became widely recognized. 【答案速查】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【知识点】电影与戏剧、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影音效“威廉尖叫”的起源、发展及其影响。 1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“In the film, a character named Private Wilhelm is shot with an arrow (箭), which is where the sound gets its name.(在影片中，有一个名叫Private Wilhelm的角色被一支箭射中，这就是这个声音得名的原因)”可知，作者在第二段中提及Private Wilhelm是为了解释“威廉尖叫”的起源。故选A。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“He first used it in Star Wars: Episode Ⅳ — A New Hope in 1977, where the scream can be heard during a fight scene.(1977年，他首次在《星球大战4：新希望》中使用了这声尖叫，片中一段打斗场景里能听到这声叫喊)”可知，Burtt在电影《星球大战4：新希望》中首次使用“威廉尖叫”音效。故选C。 3．B 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“From there, Burtt secretly included the Wilhelm scream in more films he worked on, including the Indiana Jones movies, other Star Wars movies and more.(此后，伯特特地将“威廉尖叫”融入了他参与的更多影片中，包括《印第安纳·琼斯》系列电影、其他《星球大战》系列电影等等)”可知，该音效被重复使用，故画线词词义与“重复的”最接近。故选B。 4．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to the National Science and Media Museum, the sound is believed to have been used in over 400 movies and TV shows, including The Lord of the Rings and even Toy Story. Burtt says he tries not to include the scream in his movies anymore, but his staff use it anyway, as they feel it’s a necessary part of their films. “I’ve created a monster,” Burtt joked.( 据国家科学与媒体博物馆称，这一音效已被用于400 多部电影和电视剧，包括《指环王》乃至《玩具总动员》。伯特说他如今尽量不再把这声尖叫用在自己的影片里，可他的团队还是会用，因为他们认为这是电影不可或缺的一部分。“我造出了一个怪物。” 伯特开玩笑说)”可推断，“威廉尖叫”音效在业界被公认。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一下·湖北·期中）AI has made its way into almost every field, and according to Abta’s latest Holiday Habits report, the travel industry is no exception. The rate of people using AI to get some travel ideas has doubled in the past 12 months, up to 8 percent from 4 percent. The survey of 2,001 people also showed that younger generations are leading the way in using AI. The largest age group is 25-to-34-year-olds, with 18 percent looking for travel ideas through AI. That number drops to 13 percent for 18-to-24-year-olds. And only 3 percent of 55-to-64-year-olds are using AI for holiday tips. However, AI has not taken over just yet when it comes to researching trips, as Internet searches (48 percent) and recommendations from friends and family (41 percent) still remain the most common ways to choose where to go. In fact, people taking more traditional routes, such as looking through holiday brochures, still take up 25 percent. Abta says that AI will continue to grow when it comes to trip planning. Holidaymakers have already shown a level of trust in AI for making travel decisions. 43 percent people in the survey said they would be confident to some degree in letting an AI tool plan their holiday, with this number dropping to just 38 percent letting the tool book their trip for them. Travel industry leaders state that AI will continue to be a big part of what customers do before they make a travel decision. According to them, AI will greatly influence the travel industry, but travellers still want to communicate with a travel company before booking trips. Travel companies will not vanish anytime soon, because of that group of customers who think it’s necessary to go in and look someone in the eye when they’re booking something. 1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By giving examples. B．By providing figures. C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining causes. 2．What is the most popular way for people to plan their trips? A．Turning to AI for travel ideas. B．Turning to friends and family for advice. C．Searching for information on the Internet. D．Reading through printed holiday brochures. 3．What does the underlined word “vanish” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Come into being. B．Die out. C．Take up. D．Show up. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．AI’s fast development in modern technology. B．AI’s growing part in travel planning. C．Young people’s strong preference for new technology. D．Difficulties traditional travel companies are facing. 【答案速查】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【知识点】旅游观光、说明文、人工智能 【导语】文章主要讲述了人工智能在旅行规划中日益增长的作用及现状。 1．B 推理判断题。根据第二段“The largest age group is 25-to-34-year-olds, with 18 percent looking for travel ideas through AI. That number drops to 13 percent for 18-to-24-year-olds. And only 3 percent of 55-to-64-year-olds are using AI for holiday tips.(最大的年龄组是25至34岁的人群，其中有18%的人通过人工智能寻找旅行灵感。18至24岁的人群中，这一比例降至13%。而55至64岁的人群中，只有3%的人使用人工智能来获取假期建议)”可知，第二段主要通过提供数字来展开论述，说明了不同年龄段使用人工智能寻找旅行灵感的比例。故选B。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, AI has not taken over just yet when it comes to researching trips, as Internet searches (48 percent) and recommendations from friends and family (41 percent) still remain the most common ways to choose where to go.(然而，在研究旅行方面，人工智能还没有完全取代其他方式，因为互联网搜索（48%）和亲朋好友的建议（41%）仍然是选择目的地最常见的方式)”可知，人们计划旅行最受欢迎的方式是在互联网上搜索信息。故选C。 3．B 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“According to them, AI will greatly influence the travel industry, but travellers still want to communicate with a travel company before booking trips. Travel companies will not vanish anytime soon, because of that group of customers who think it’s necessary to go in and look someone in the eye when they’re booking something.(据他们说，人工智能将极大地影响旅游业，但旅行者在预订旅行前仍然希望与旅行社进行沟通。旅行社不会很快vanish，因为有一群顾客认为在预订东西时有必要进去与某人面对面交流)”可知，由于有些顾客认为在预订旅行时有必要与旅行社面对面交流，所以旅行社不会很快消失。因此，“vanish”在此处的意思是“消失，灭绝”，与“Die out”意思相近。故选B。 4．B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了人工智能在旅行规划中的日益增长的作用，包括不同年龄段使用人工智能的比例、人们计划旅行的常见方式以及人工智能对旅游业的影响等。因此，文章的主旨大意是人工智能在旅行规划中日益增长的作用。故选B。 Passage 6 （25-26高一下·浙江·期中）Music is an important part of human life. It has existed for thousands of years, even earlier than written language. In ancient times, people used simple sounds and songs to express emotions like happiness or sadness, and to pass on stories to the next generation. Without formal writing, music helped communities keep their traditions alive, making history a living experience for everyone. Music deeply influences our feelings. Soft music relaxes us when we’re stressed or tired, while cheerful music lifts our spirits when we’re upset. Many students listen to music while resting because it keeps them in a good mood. In hard times, music acts as a gentle companion, offering comfort and an escape from daily pressures. There are many music genres with unique charms. Pop music is popular among teenagers for its easy lyrics and lively tunes. Classical music, by composers like Mozart and Beethoven, lets people enjoy art. Folk music tells ordinary people’s life and culture, and rock music, full of energy, is loved by young people for its strong rhythm and expressive lyrics. Each type reflects the diverse tastes of music lovers worldwide. Today, the Internet and mobile phones make it easy to access music anytime, anywhere. Some people also learn to play instruments or sing in bands. Music brings people together too — at concerts or parties, people share joy through music, strengthening friendships and family ties. In fact, music is like a universal language. It touches hearts without words, enriches our lives, and connects people across cultures and generations, making the world more wonderful. 1．Why did ancient people use music according to the first paragraph? A．To develop written language. B．To make themselves more relaxed. C．To show danger only. D．To pass on stories to the next generation. 2．How does music influence people according to Paragraph 2? A．It makes people feel more stressed. B．It helps improve memory quickly. C．It greatly affects people’s moods. D．It completely removes life pressure. 3．Which of the following is true about different kinds of music? A．Folk music is famous for its strong rhythm. B．Pop music is popular among teenagers. C．Classical music is full of energy. D．Rock music tells common people’s life. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show the importance of music in life. B．To introduce the history of ancient music. C．To teach people how to create music. D．To advise on choosing right music. 【答案速查】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【知识点】说明文、音乐与舞蹈 【导语】本文阐述音乐源远流长，能调节情绪、种类丰富，如今获取便捷，作为通用语言丰富生活、凝聚人心，凸显其重要价值。 1．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“In ancient times, people used simple sounds and songs to express emotions like happiness or sadness, and to pass on stories to the next generation.(在古代，人们用简单的声音和歌曲表达喜悦与悲伤等情感，并将故事传递给下一代。)”可知，古人使用音乐是为了向后代传递故事。 2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Music deeply influences our feelings. Soft music relaxes us when we’re stressed or tired, while cheerful music lifts our spirits when we’re upset.(音乐深刻影响我们的情绪。舒缓的音乐缓解疲惫压力，欢快的音乐改善低落的心情。)”可知，音乐极大影响人们的情绪。 3．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Pop music is popular among teenagers for its easy lyrics and lively tunes.(流行乐歌词浅显、旋律轻快，深受青少年喜爱。)”可知，流行音乐在青少年中很受欢迎。故选B。 4．A 推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Music is an important part of human life.(音乐是人类生活中重要的一部分。)”以及最后一段“It touches hearts without words, enriches our lives, and connects people across cultures and generations.(它无需言语却能触动心灵、丰富生活、联结不同文化与时代的人。)”可知，全文围绕音乐的价值与作用展开，旨在说明音乐在生活中的重要性。故选A。 Passage 7 The Fahai Temple, located at the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain in the Shijingshan district of Beijing, houses Ming Dynasty frescoes (壁画) dating back nearly 600 years. Today, a brand-new Fahai Temple Mural Art Center has been built at the foot of the mountain. “By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator. First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace. “The frescoes depict 77 figures, including ordinary people, Buddhas and Bodhisattva, each with different postures and expressions,” said Liu. With the fall of Ming Dynasty, the prosperity of the Fahai Temple too came to an abrupt end. However, in recent years, the development of a high-tech industry featuring creativity services and digital technology has given the Shijingshan district government more confidence in the digital display of frescoes. At the exhibition of Fahai Temple Mural Art Center, the original mural paintings are displayed on a 4K HD screen, presenting them at their actual size. Each of the 77 figures is portrayed with thorough attention to detail using 3D modeling at the pixel (像素) level. The facial details of Water-moon Avalokitesvara, one of the most representative figures on the frescoes of Fahai Temple, are hard to make out in dim conditions. However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center. “Through technological means, we can zoom in on them to show specific details and introduce the content of the frescoes item by item, offering the audience ample time to understand the frescoes,” Liu explained. 1．What can we know about the Fahai Temple frescoes? A．They were built during the Qing Dynasty. B．They are among China’s three major frescoes. C．There are altogether 77 Buddhas in the frescoes. D．They remained prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. 2．Why is 3D modeling used for the frescoes? A．To reduce the actual size of the figures. B．To make the figures move like real ones. C．To change the facial expressions of the figures. D．To show the details more clearly and completely. 3．What does the underlined word “zoom in on” probably mean? A．Enlarge B．Decorate C．Restore D．Appreciate 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The long history of the Fahai Temple. B．Ways to appreciate the Fahai Temple frescoes. C．The introduction of three great Chinese frescoes. D．Application of digital technology to ancient frescoes. 【答案速查】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【知识点】文化保护、美术与摄影、说明文 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北京法海寺拥有近六百年明代名贵壁画，如今当地运用4K屏幕与3D建模等数字技术，清晰还原壁画细节，让古老壁画以全新形式生动展示、便于观赏。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace.(法海寺始建于1439年，法海寺壁画与敦煌壁画、永乐宫壁画一同被誉为中国三大壁画)”可知，法海寺壁画是中国三大壁画之一。故选B。 2．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center.(然而，在使用了3D模型技术之后，在艺术中心的壁画厅里，这个身高超过3米的人物的脸部能够在4K高清屏幕上清晰地呈现出来)”可知，在壁画上使用3D模型技术是为了更清晰、更完整地展现细节。故选D。 3．A 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“to show specific details(以展示具体细节)”可知，展示具体细节需要放大放大画面，故划线词意思是“放大”。故选A。 4．D 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段““By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator.(“通过运用现代数字技术，珍贵的数字资源得以生成，让原本沉寂的壁画重焕生机。”该艺术中心的负责人刘晓波说)”可知，文章主要说明了北京法海寺拥有近六百年明代名贵壁画，如今当地运用4K屏幕与3D建模等数字技术，清晰还原壁画细节，让古老壁画以全新形式生动展示、便于观赏。故选D。 Passage 8 （25-26高一下·甘肃武威·月考）China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou) is one of them. This special day is on the second day of the second month in the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历). It stands for the start of spring and farming. This year, the day falls on March 20th. The dragon is important in Chinese culture. We Chinese people call ourselves the “descendants (传人) of the dragon”. Therefore, people celebrate the Dragon Head Raising Day with many customs about dragons. On the day in ancient times, people put ashes (灰) in the kitchen. This was to “lead the dragon into the house”. People believed that with the help of the dragon, they could have a good harvest in autumn. Also, people eat special foods on that day. The foods are usually named after dragons. For example, people eat “dragon whisker (细须)” noodles and dumplings called “dragon teeth”. Today, many customs have faded away. But one that has remained is the cutting of hair. It was said that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to the mother’s brothers. So many people have their hair cut on the Dragon Head Raising Day. 1．Which country celebrates Dragon Head Raising Day? A．Britain. B．China. C．The United States. D．France. 2．When was Dragon Head Raising Day this year? A．March 8. B．February 2. C．February 21. D．March 20. 3．Which custom has been kept according to the passage? A．Dragon boat racing. B．To eat zongzi. C．To have hair cut. D．To eat mooncakes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Importance of Dragons in Chinese Culture B．Dragon Head Raising Day C．Customs on Dragon Head Raising Day D．Haircut is a Traditional Custom 【答案速查】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【知识点】中国文化与节日、说明文 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国传统节日——龙抬头。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou) is one of them.(中国是一个有许多丰富多彩的日子和节日的国家。龙抬头节就是其中之一。)”可知，中国庆祝龙抬头节。故选B。 2．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“This year, the day falls on March 20th.(今年，这一天是3月20日。)”可知，今年的龙抬头节是3月20日。故选D。 3．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But one that has remained is the cutting of hair.(但保留下来的一项是理发。)”可知，理发这一习俗被保留了下来。给选C。 4．B 主旨大意题。根据第一段“China is a country with many colorful days and festivals. The Dragon Head Raising Day (Longtaitou) is one of them.( 中国是一个有许多丰富多彩的日子和节日的国家。龙抬头节就是其中之一。)”并结合全文可知，本文主要围绕中国传统节日龙抬头的时间、意义、习俗展开，B选项“Dragon Head Raising Day(龙抬头节)”为最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 9 （24-25高一下·浙江温州·期中）Faced with the growing dangers of climate change, scientists are considering a new plan: moving endangered animals to new habitats far from their old homes. This method, called assisted migration (辅助迁徙), is designed to protect these animals from rising temperatures and habitat loss. A recent example is the relocation of the Sooty storm-petrel, a seabird that usually lives on low-lying islands in Hawaii and Japan. Its main nesting (筑巢的) area, Tern Island, is only 1.8 meters high and is being worn away by the sea. Therefore, about 40 young birds have been taken 800 kilometers away to Oahu. The biologist Eric Vander Werf notes that climate change is making such actions increasingly necessary. It is hoped that these birds can return to their original living places if the environment improves. This new way of protecting animals is gaining wider acceptance. There are plans to update the Endangered Species Act, making it easier to move the most threatened species to new places. Because of this, officials and scientists have identified some animals and plants that might be moved, including Florida’s Key deer, Karner blue butterfly, as well as some desert plants and lizards. However, not everyone supports this approach. Some lawmakers argue that introducing new species into different ecosystems (生态系统) can create new risks, such as threatening native species or damaging the local environment. The biologist Jason McLachlan points out that this is a major change in our means of saving species. He also believes that as global warming forces animals to move at an alarming rate, the traditional idea of what is regarded as a native species is not as clear as it once was. In the past, climate changes happened so slowly over thousands of years that plants and animals could fully adapt to the new environment, but today such changes are happening much too quickly for most ecosystems. 1．Why were the Sooty storm-petrels moved to Oahu? A．To protect native species. B．To follow wildlife laws. C．To escape rising sea levels. D．To return to original habitat. 2．What can we know about Florida’s Key deer? A．They are at great risk. B．They are under good protection. C．They have been officially moved. D．They have been settled in new places. 3．What can we infer from Jason McLachlan’s words? A．Animals fail to move fast enough. B．People value native species highly. C．Assisted migration will be well accepted. D．The definition of native species needs reconsidering. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To discuss the risks of relocation. B．To describe dangers to wild animals. C．To call for immediate climate action. D．To introduce a new protection method. 【答案速查】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【知识点】动物、科普知识 、说明文 【导语】主要介绍辅助迁徙这一新型动物保护方式，结合实例说明应用现状，同时介绍其存在的争议与现实背景。 1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Its main nesting (筑巢的) area, Tern Island, is only 1.8 meters high and is being worn away by the sea. Therefore, about 40 young birds have been taken 800 kilometers away to Oahu.(它的主要筑巢地特恩岛海拔仅有1.8米，并且正在被海水侵蚀。因此，大约40只幼鸟被转移到800公里外的瓦胡岛。)”可知，海燕迁移是为躲避海平面上升、海水侵蚀带来的生存危机。故选C。 2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Because of this, officials and scientists have identified some animals and plants that might be moved, including Florida’s Key deer, Karner blue butterfly, as well as some desert plants and lizards.(正因如此，官员和科学家已经确定了一些可能需要迁移的动植物，包括佛罗里达礁鹿、卡纳蓝蝴蝶以及部分沙漠植物和蜥蜴。)”可知，佛罗里达礁鹿属于受威胁严重、有待迁移的高危物种，处境十分危险。故选A。 3． D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“He also believes that as global warming forces animals to move at an alarming rate, the traditional idea of what is regarded as a native species is not as clear as it once was.(他还认为，随着全球变暖迫使动物以惊人的速度迁徙，本土物种的传统界定概念已不像过去那样清晰。)”可知，气候快速变化打破固有生态模式，本土物种的定义需要重新思考与界定。故选D。 4．D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Faced with the growing dangers of climate change, scientists are considering a new plan: moving endangered animals to new habitats far from their old homes. This method, called assisted migration (辅助迁徙), is designed to protect these animals from rising temperatures and habitat loss.(面对日益严重的气候变化危机，科学家正考虑一项新方案：将濒危动物迁往远离原有家园的新栖息地。这种被称作辅助迁徙的方式，旨在保护动物免受气温升高与栖息地丧失的危害。)”可知，文章客观介绍辅助迁徙的定义、实际案例、推行规划、各方争议以及时代背景，不偏向批判或呼吁，由此可推断，作者写作此文意在介绍一项全新的野生动物保护手段。 故选D。 Passage 10 You don’t have to be a fan of maths to get excited about Pi （ “π” ） Day. While the event, which is also Albert Einstein’s birthday, may start with some calculations （计算）, it is more than likely to end up with a slice （片） or two of delicious pie. The holiday is held every March 14, because “π” is widely recognised as 3.14. The tradition of honouring “π” began at San Francisco’s Exploratorium Museum. On March 14, 1988, physicist Larry Shaw convinced his colleagues to mark the day by marching around one of the museum’s circular spaces and eating fruit pies. The celebration was made official in 2009 when the US House of Representatives designated （命名） March 14 as Pi Day. Today, Pi Day is observed in many creative ways.Students at the California Institute of Technology in Los Angeles host a pie-eating event, which begins at 1:59 a.m.and features 26 pies, each of five different flavours of the popular dessert. Though that might seem random （随意的）, the date （3.14）, time （159）, number of pies （26）, and number of varieties （5） recreate （再现） the first nine digits of Pi: 3.14159265! Students applying for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） in Boston eagerly wait for the day every year to find out if they have been accepted. However, instead of sending out the offers at 3:14 p.m., the institution waits till 6:28 p.m. 6.28 is called Tau, which is Pi multiplied （乘） by 2.The number is believed to be much more reliable than Pi by some experts and even has its own celebration on June 28.Since 2017, MIT has also used Pi Day as a fundraiser to support its students, departments and programmes. The town of Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived from 1935 until his death in 1955, celebrates the occasion with multi-day festivities that end on March 14.Visitors can participate in concerts, shows, as well as pie-eating, pi-recitation, and Einstein-lookalike contests. 1.Where was Pi Day originally celebrated? A.In San Francisco. B.In Los Angeles. C.In Boston. D.In Princeton. 2.When was Pi Day made an official holiday? A.In 1955. B.In 1988. C.In 2009. D.In 2017. 3.What does MIT do on Pi Day according to the passage? A.Set a calculation test. B.Make desserts of different flavours. C.Organise a march around the campus. D.Inform applicants of admission results. 4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A.To make a comparison. B.To give an introduction. C.To share advice. D.To give an explanation. 【答案速查】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了圆周率日的由来以及庆祝圆周率日的方式等。 1. A [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The tradition of honouring ‘π’ began at San Francisco’s Exploratorium Museum.”可知，圆周率日最初是在旧金山庆祝的。故选A。 2.C [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The celebration was made official in 2009 when the US House of Representatives designated March 14 as Pi Day.”可知，圆周率日是在2009年被定为法定假日的。 故选C。 3.D [解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Students applying for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） in Boston eagerly wait for the day every year to find out if they have been accepted.”可知，麻省理工学院在圆周率日通知申请人录取结果。故选D。 4.B [解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You don’t have to be a fan of maths to get excited about Pi （ ‘π’ ） Day.”、第二段中的“The tradition of honouring ‘π’ began at San Francisco’s Exploratorium Museum.”以及第三段“Today, Pi Day is observed in many creative ways.”可知，作者从人们对圆周率日的感受、圆周率日的传统及其庆祝方式等角度介绍了圆周率日，因此作者写本文的目的是介绍。故选B。 Passage 11 Nowadays most kids live on their digital devices. Some data show that the social media could play a role in their mental health—something that has been on the decrease among teens and tweens. But how big a role it plays also appears to depend on how kids choose to use it. In recent years, the Internet has done some great things. It brought people closer together. It helped people form big communities in the world. And it can be an important place for people to find support and connection. But some adolescents（青少年）can be exposed to something harmful. For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens had been bullied （伤害） online. The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media. Social media is also a space where people are repeatedly comparing themselves to others. Am I pretty enough or strong enough? One study of kids 13 to 17 years old found that almost half reported that time spent on social media made them feel worse about their bodies. Only about one in every seven said viewing social media made them feel better. “It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,” Whitlock, a research psychologist studying Internet use by adolescents, explains, “because everyone uses it.” There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them. Still, one study of nearly 6,600 US teens linked the use of social media to depression, anxiety and a poor body image. There’s still not enough evidence to say social media is safe for kids, but there was plenty of evidence to warn kids that they should take care when using it. The important fact, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional （有意的）.By that, she means social media should be used for some purposeful goals, not just to pass the time. 1.What use of the Internet does paragraph 2 mainly focus on? A.Job hunting. B.Online shopping. C.Homeschooling. D.Social networking. 2.Why can teens be negatively affected in their mental health by using social media? A.They are so busy with online surveys as not to get relaxed. B.They are very likely to suffer from cyberbullying online. C.They are always compared in looks and strength. D.They are too young to deal with stress properly. 3.According to Whitlock, what is the challenge for researchers? A.Not enough comparisons. B.Improper research designs. C.Too many Internet users. D.Limited study periods. 4.What advice is given by Whitlock to kids on the use of social media? A.Use it carefully, since it is linked to both good and harm. B.Try not to use it, considering the risk it may cause. C.Use it however you want, as long as there is a purpose. D.Don’t use it to kill time but for some real purposes. 【答案速查】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响，并呼吁青少年在使用社交媒体时应该更加谨慎和理智。 1. D [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，近年来，互联网把人们更紧密地联系在一起，它帮助人们在世界上组建起大型社区，因此第二段主要关注的是社交网络的用途。故选D。 2. B [解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For example, one 2022 survey found that nearly half of all teens had been bullied online.The same survey found that nearly two in every three adolescents experienced hate-based content on social media.”可知，青少年在使用社交媒体时很容易在网络上受到欺凌，其产生的负面影响会导致他们的心理健康受到影响。故选B。 3. A 解析] 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘It’s hard to study the influence of social media on mental health,’ Whitlock, a research psychologist studying Internet use by adolescents, explains, ‘because everyone uses it.’ There’s no large group of others to which researchers can compare them.”可知，惠特洛克认为研究社交媒体对心理健康的影响很难，因为每个人都使用社交媒体，没有可供比较的其他大群体。由此可知，对于研究者来说，挑战在于没有足够的比较对象。故选A。 4. D [解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The important fact, Whitlock says, is that social media use needs to be intentional.By that, she means social media should be used for some purposeful goals, not just to pass the time.”可知，惠特洛克认为社交媒体应该用于有意义的目标，而不仅仅是用来消磨时间。故选D。 Passage 12 [河南驻马店高中2025高一月考] Ria Kalluri and her co-workers gave a simple demand to Dall·E.This bot uses AI to make images.“We asked for an image of a disabled person leading a meeting,” says Kalluri. It shouldn’t be hard for Dall·E. But the bot couldn’t do it. “Dall·E produced a person who is visibly disabled watching a meeting while someone else leads,” Kalluri recalls, who studies AI at Stanford University in California. Kalluri’s group also found examples of many other types of bias （偏差） in images made by bots. Sadly, all of these biases are assumptions that many people also make. But AI paints a world that is more biased than reality. In addition to Dall·E, Kalluri’s group also tested Stable Diffusion, another image-making bot.“When asked for photos of an attractive person, its results were all light-skinned,” says Kalluri.“And many had eyes that were bright blue—bluer than real people’s.” “This is a big deal,” Kalluri says. Biased images can cause real harm. Seeing them tends to strengthen people’s stereotypes （刻板印象）.A flood of AI-made biased imagery could be extremely difficult to overcome （克服）. Developers train bots such as Dall·E or Stable Diffusion to create images. They do this by showing them many example images.“But a lot of these images are outdated,” explains Kalluri. AI image generators average their training data together to create a big map. In this map, similar words and images are grouped closer together. Bots can’t know anything about the world beyond their training data, notes Kalluri. They cannot create or imagine new things. That means AI-made images can only reflect how people and things appeared in the images on which they trained. Kalluri doesn’t think this type of approach will work in the long term. In her eyes, local communities would gather data for AI and train it for their own purposes. She wishes for “technologies that support our communities”.This, she says, is how to avoid bias and harm. 1.What is Dall·E able to do? A.Watch a baby. B.Chair a meeting. C.Create images. D.Give directions. 2.Why did Kalluri’s group test Stable Diffusion? A.To better a practical app. B.To change its function. C.To print an attractive photo. D.To confirm their worry. 3.What can be known about AI-made images? A .They are built on the past. B.They feature creativity. C.They reflect our current world. D.They are quite meaningful. 4.What does the text mainly talk about? A.The future of AI-powered tools. B.Problems of AI image producers. C.The solution to AI’s development. D.People’s misunderstanding of AI. 【答案速查】1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员卡卢里及其团队对图像生成人工智能进行了测试，发现图像生成机器人在生成图像时存在偏差。 1.C [解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ria Kalluri and her co-workers gave a simple demand to Dall·E.This bot uses AI to make images.”可知，Dall·E能够使用人工智能制作图像。故选C。 2. D [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章可知，卡卢里及其团队先测试了Dall·E，发现其生成的图像存在偏差；随后他们测试了另一个图像生成机器人Stable Diffusion，结果它同样生成了存在偏差的图像。由此可推断，卡卢里的团队测试Stable Diffusion是为了证实他们对人工智能生成的图像存在偏差的担忧。故选D。 3. A [解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“They cannot create or imagine new things.That means AI-made images can only reflect how people and things appeared in the images on which they trained.”可知，机器人不能创造或想象新事物，人工智能生成的图像只能反映其训练数据中的人物和事物的原有样貌。由此可推知，人工智能生成的图像是基于过去的训练数据，即基于过去。故选A。 4. B [解析] 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了研究人员卡卢里及其团队对图像生成人工智能进行测试，发现像Dall·E和Stable Diffusion这类图像生成机器人在生成图像时存在偏差，这些偏差图像会强化人们的刻板印象，产生危害。所以这篇文章主要围绕人工智能图像生成器的问题展开。 故选 B。 Passage 13 [湖北十堰2025高一联考] Scientists say newly examined data from a Chinese rover on Mars adds to evidence that the planet once had a large ocean. The rover began its data collection mission in an area known as Utopia Planitia in May 2021, and stopped operating about one year later, with mission planners saying the power system was affected by sand and dust. But the rover still outlasted its planned mission of three months. Scientists said all the evidence appeared to show that Utopia Planitia had geological features suggesting an ancient ocean coastline. The features included troughs （波谷） and channels that may have been formed by flowing water. Earlier research that examined data of similar surface features suggested they might have been created by mud volcanoes, which likely formed where there had been water or ice. Scientists based the conclusion above on data from the rover with observations from past satellites orbiting Mars. Wu Bo was involved with the study. He is a planetary scientist at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Wu said, “We estimate the flooding of the Utopia Planitia on Mars was billions of years ago. The ocean surface was likely frozen in a geologically short period.” The search for water on Mars is closely linked to the search for signs of possible life. Evidence of a past ocean raises the possibility that the planet may have supported microbial life. Scientists said the data showed that the ocean seemed to have disappeared by about 3.42 billion years ago.“The water that likely filled the Martian ocean was heavily silted （淤塞）,” the study co-writer Sergey Krasilnikov said.“During the period when the Martian ocean would have been active, the planet probably had a thick, warm atmosphere. Then, microbial life was much more likely,” he added.Wu said the new findings did “provide further evidence to support the theory of a Martian ocean”.However, he noted the study didn’t claim that the findings definitively proved there was an ocean on Mars. Such proof, he said, would require a future mission to bring Mars materials back to Earth for closer research. 1.What do we know about the rover? A.It obtained power from sand and dust. B.It worked in volcanoes and icy water. C.It found sea features in Utopia Planitia. D.It operated on Mars until August 2021. 2.How did the scientists draw their conclusion? A.By integrating new data and old data. B.By proving the previous assumption. C.By demonstrating a geological model. D.By gathering the same result of papers. 3.What attitude did Wu Bo take to the new finding? A.Unsatisfied. B.Indifferent. C.Confident. D.Cautious. 4.What is conveyed in the last paragraph? A.There are some drawbacks about the study. B.More studies need doing on Mars samples. C.Scientists should explore life on Mars next. D.Living conditions will be created on Mars. 【答案速查】1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国火星车传回的数据进一步为火星可能曾有海洋的理论提供了证据，但仍需进一步验证。 1. C [解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists said all the evidence appeared to show that Utopia Planitia had geological features suggesting an ancient ocean coastline.”可知，乌托邦平原似乎具有表明（存在）古代海洋海岸线的地质特征，即火星车在乌托邦平原上发现了海洋特征。故选C。 2. A observations from past satellites orbiting Mars.”可知，科学家是基于火星车的数据和过去环绕火星的卫星观测结果得出结论的，也就是整合了新数据和旧数据。故选A。 3.D [解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wu said the new findings did ‘provide further evidence to support the theory of a Martian ocean’.However, he noted the study didn’t claim that the findings definitively proved there was an ocean on Mars.”可知，吴波认为新发现为进一步支持火星海洋理论提供了证据，但又指出研究并未断言火星上有海洋，说明他对新发现持谨慎态度。故选D。 4. B [解析] 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Such proof, he said, would require a future mission to bring Mars materials back to Earth for closer research.”可知，新发现的证据需要未来的任务将火星物质带回地球进行更深入的研究，即需要对火星样本进行更多的研究。故选B。 Passage 14 In a remote Indonesian village, a 60-year-old male orangutan(红毛猩猩) was spotted near farmers’ crops. Concerned locals called authorities, who tied the animal with ropes and relocated him to a “safer” forest miles away, convinced they were protecting him. But for this old orangutan, the move became a disaster. A new study reveals that relocating wild orangutans, even with the best intentions, often threatens their survival. Between 2005 and 2022, researchers tracked hundreds of orangutan translocations in Indonesia. The findings were worrying: nearly one-third of the moved animals traveled all the way back to their original homes — sometimes covering over 60 miles. Worse, mothers and babies were often separated during relocation. Since young orangutans depend on their moms for up to nine years, this separation puts their lives in danger. Why does this well-intentioned effort fail? Translocation, Julie Sherman, the study’s lead author argues, damages orangutans’ social structure. Orangutans live in complex(复杂的) social groups, and moving them to new areas forces them into the fight with existing orangutans or humans there. Members of their own species might attack them, and humans in the new area may view them as threats. Plus, the study revealed that 81.7% of caught orangutans were healthy, making people question if relocation was even necessary. Julie Sherman compared moving a 60-year-old orangutan to “taking a grandpa away forcefully and leaving him in a strange city where no one wants him”, a scary and confusing experience for the animal. Environmentalists like biology professor Serge Wich say the fix isn’t moving orangutans but helping people and them live together harmoniously. “As development chips away at forests, we can’t keep catching every orangutan near farms or villages,” Wich says. “We need to work with local communities to make space for forests, fields, and villages to mix, where orangutans can stay in their home.”With all three orangutan species now extremely endangered, “rescuing” them by moving them clearly isn’t the answer. Instead, we need ways for humans and orangutans to share space peacefully, just like foxes and people do in the UK. After all, orangutans should live in the homes they’ve always known. 1.What did the study find about the relocated orangutans? A. Most stayed in their new forests happily. B. Many returned to their original habitats. C. Young ones were in need of new mothers. D. Old ones were mainly chosen for relocation. 2.Why did Julie Sherman make the comparison in paragraph 3? A. To suggest orangutans share human feelings. B. To express the harm in relocating orangutans. C. To illustrate worries over the orangutan species. D. To highlight human responsibility for the move. 3.What does Serge Wich suggest to protect orangutans? A. Combining translocation with protection. B. Expanding the area of the protected forests. C. Achieving coexistence through joint efforts. D. Relocating all orangutans to a natural reserve. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. A Study on Orangutans in Indonesia B. The Story of an Old Orangutan’s Return C. Problems Between People and Orangutans D. The Unintended Risk of Relocating Orangutans 【答案速查】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 【解题导语】语篇类型:说明文　主题:人与自然 一项研究揭示,将红毛猩猩迁离原栖息地的“保护”行为反而因破坏其社会结构、导致母子分离及引发新冲突等原因而威胁其生存。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The findings were worrying: nearly one-third of the moved animals traveled all the way back to their original homes — sometimes covering over 60 miles”可知,研究结果显示被迁离的红毛猩猩中有将近三分之一回到它们原本的家。故选 B。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘taking a grandpa away forcefully and leaving him in a strange city where no one wants him’, a scary and confusing experience for the animal”可知,Julie Sherman 将迁移60岁的红毛猩猩与强行带走一个老爷爷并将其留在一个陌生的、并不需要他的城市进行比较。结合字眼forcefully和scary可知,Julie Sherman进行比较是为了说明人类将红毛猩猩迁离它们原本的家会给它们造成伤害。故选 B。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Environmentalists like biology professor Serge Wich...live together harmoniously”“We need to work with local communities...where orangutans can stay in their home”可知,Serge Wich认为保护红毛猩猩的方法不应该是将它们迁移到其他地方,而是各方共同努力促使人类和红毛猩猩和谐地生活在一起。故选 C。 4.D　标题判断题 Para. 1 引入话题:用一只被迁往“更安全”森林的60岁雄性红毛猩猩为例引出话题——即便出于好意,迁移常常危及野生红毛猩猩的生存。  Para. 2 研究者发现近三分之一的被迁移的红毛猩猩会回到原地,且年幼红毛猩猩会因与母亲分离陷入危险。  Para. 3 Julie Sherman认为迁移破坏了红毛猩猩复杂的社会结构,使它们与当地红毛猩猩或人发生冲突。81.7%的被捕个体是健康的,迁移必要性受到质疑。 Para. 4 总结:将红毛猩猩“救走”并非解法,应寻找人猩和平共享空间的办法,让红毛猩猩继续生活在熟悉的家园。  文章主要讲迁移常常威胁红毛猩猩的生存,结尾两段提出替代方案(人猩共存)并否定“搬走就是救援”。因此最贴切的标题是D项,D项直接反映文章核心:迁移虽出于善意,却带来意想不到的风险 Passage 15 [2025石家庄二中高一期末]To communicate without words, humans use a host of gestures.Toshitaka Suzuki at the University of Tokyo and his colleagues wanted to know whether it is the same among birds. Now those researchers have found, in a particularly polite example, the first documented evidence of a symbolic gesture used by birds. Some birds seem to flutter(拍打) their wings to signal to their mates, suggesting that the animals may communicate with a variety of gestures. Toshitaka Suzuki and his colleagues set up hundreds of nest boxes in a forest populated by Japanese tits(山雀) near the town of Karuizawa. Each box had a 7.5-centimetre-wide hole, just big enough for one bird to squeeze(挤进) through at a time. During the breeding season, the team observed 321 nest visits of eight breeding pairs. If a bird couple arrived at the nest together, each tit would land on a nearby branch before entering. About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female. When neither bird fluttered its wings, which made up 44 percent of nest visits, the females usually entered first. Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings, which was followed by the female entering first. Wing fluttering wasn’t observed at all when each bird arrived separately. The team believes that this discovery conflicts with earlier beliefs that only a few species use gestures to communicate. “They’ve done a really good job here of showing there is a connection between this movement, this gesture, and the other bird’s action,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at Cornell University, who was not involved in the research. “It’s really strong support to the notion that it’s a symbolic gesture. The bird that’s the receiver knows what it means, and it does what it’s supposed to do.” “We can conclude that this wing fluttering conveys ‘after you’,” says Suzuki. “This study is the first to show us clearly by evidence that birds can use wing movements to express a particular meaning.” 1.What did Suzuki and his co-workers want to figure out? A. How birds treat their mates. B. Whether birds use symbolic gestures. C. How birds divide their work to build nests. D. Whether birds can communicate with each other. 2.According to paragraph 3, why did tits flutter their wings? A. To show direction to the other bird. B. To signal their mates to enter the nest. C. To dry off their wings after flying in the rain. D. To scare away possible hunters near the nest. 3. How did the researchers conduct the study on Japanese tits? A. By listing some examples. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By reviewing previous documents. D. By observing and making contrasts. 4.What does Mike Webster think of the study? A. It’s limited. B. It’s relaxing. C. It’s objective. D. It’s amazing. 【答案速查】1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 【解题导语】语篇类型: 说明文　　 主题语境:人与自然 　日本山雀会拍打翅膀示意伴侣优先入巢,表明鸟类会使用象征性示意动作交流。 1 B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“To communicate without words, humans use a host of gestures.Toshitaka Suzuki at the University of Tokyo and his colleagues wanted to know whether it is the same among birds”可知,为了不用语言进行交流,人类使用大量的手势,Toshitaka Suzuki和他的同事想知道在鸟类中是否也这样,故他们想知道鸟类是否能使用象征性示意动作进行交流。故选B。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds, with her chest facing the male. This was quickly followed by the male entering the nest first, then the female”和第五段的after you可知,山雀拍打翅膀是为了向其伴侣发出信号,让对方先进入巢穴。故选B。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the team observed 321 nest visits”“About 40 percent of the time, the female fluttered her wings for a few seconds...When neither bird fluttered its wings...Only one male was seen repeatedly fluttering its wings...Wing fluttering wasn’t observed...separately”可知,研究团队观察和比较了不同山雀拍打翅膀时它们进入巢穴的顺序从而得出结论,这表明该研究是通过观察和比较进行的。故选D。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中Mike Webster的评论可知,Mike Webster认为研究者做得非常好,他们的研究展示了拍打翅膀这种动作与另一只鸟的行为之间的关联。由此可知,他认为这项研究很了不起。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $