专题04 阅读理解（说明文）（河北专用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与自我（身心健康、学习方法、情绪管理、自我认知、品格塑造、生活技能、行为习惯养成） Passage 01 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C Passage 02 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A Passage 03 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 04 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C Passage 05 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A Passage 06 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 07 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 08 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 09 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C Passage 10 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A Passage 11 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D Passage 12 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A Passage 13 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A Passage 14 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C Passage 15 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 主题02 人与社会（文化传承、跨文化交流、历史文化、科学技术、非遗传播、旅游生活、社会公共服务） Passage 01 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D Passage 02 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C Passage 03 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A Passage 04 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A Passage 05 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 06 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 07 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 08 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C Passage 09 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D 主题03 人与自然（动植物科普、自然现象、生态环保、水资源保护、海洋生态、人与自然和谐共生） Passage 01 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B Passage 02 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 03 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 04 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B Passage 05 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 06 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B Passage 07 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D Passage 08 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C Passage 09 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C Passage 10 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 11 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我（身心健康、学习方法、情绪管理、自我认知、品格塑造、生活技能、行为习惯养成） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（家庭应急包制作指南） 容易 本文介绍了家庭应急包的必备物品、存放位置、维护方法与使用练习，指导读者制作应急包应对突发灾害。 生活实用类说明文，分点式结构清晰，词汇生活化，句式以简单句为主，无复杂逻辑，完全贴合初中生生活场景。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，答案均可从原文单句直接定位，无拔高考点，为基础入门难度，匹配河北中考 A 篇阅读难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Be Ready at Home! Bad weather like strong winds or earthquakes can happen. Be ready! A good emergency kit (应急包) helps you and your family stay safe. Here’s how to build yours: What to put inside your kit: Water: Pack at least 3 bottles of water per person. Check the dates and change them every 6 months. Food: Choose canned food, dried fruit or biscuits. Remember a can opener! Change food once a year. First-aid kit: Get a basic first-aid kit. Include bandages, tape and pain pills. Check it every 3 months. Light and power: Pack a strong flashlight and extra batteries (电池). A battery-powered radio helps you hear news updates. Check batteries every 6 months. Important information: Keep copies of ID cards, health information and emergency phone numbers (110, 119) in a plastic bag. Whistle (口哨). A loud whistle helps rescuers (救援人员) find you if you need help. Other things: Add a warm blanket, a dust mask, tissues, a pen and notebook and some cash. Keep your kit ready: Find a good place: Keep your kit somewhere easy to reach, like under your bed or in a closet (壁橱). Everyone should know where it is! Check often! Look at your kit every 3 to 6 months. Make sure medicines and flashlights still work. Practice! Once in a while, practice finding your kit in the dark or show your family what’s inside. Don’t wait! Start building your emergency kit TODAY. 1．How often do you change food? A．Twice a month. B．Every 3 months. C．Every 6 months. D．Once a year. 2．Where should you keep your important information? A．On the bed. B．On the floor. C．In the kitchen. D．In a plastic bag. 3．What is the purpose of the article? A．To tell stories about past events. B．To explain how food and water are made. C．To teach people how to build an emergency kit. D．To show how to use medical tools during emergencies. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在家准备应急包，包括应急包内应放置的物品、存放位置以及定期检查和练习的方法，帮助人们在恶劣天气或灾害中保障安全。 1．文中提到“Change food once a year”，说明食物需要每年更换一次。 2．文中“Keep copies of ID cards, health information and emergency phone numbers (110, 119) in a plastic bag”，明确说明重要信息需要放在塑料袋里保存。 3．文章标题为“Be Ready at Home!”，正文核心内容是介绍应急包的物品清单、存放位置和维护方法，目的是教会人们如何制作应急包。 Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（快餐健康吃法） 容易 本文针对快餐店健康点餐给出了多项实用建议，帮助读者在吃快餐时做出更健康的饮食选择。 生活实用类说明文，总分总结构，分点给出建议，词汇贴合课标，篇幅简短，无生僻词与长难句。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，主旨题有原文核心句直接支撑，无深层推理要求，基础难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Fast food is popular among many people today. Although it is well-known that fast food is not healthy, a growing number of fast food restaurants now offer healthier dishes. This allows customers to make better choices. If you want to eat healthily at a fast food restaurant, here are some useful tips. Firstly, avoid ordering the largest size. It may seem like a better deal, but it is worse for your health because it contains (包含) the most fat and sugar. In most cases, a smaller size is enough for you. Secondly, many drinks have too much sugar. Instead of soda (苏打水), it is wiser to choose milk or water. Thirdly, fried food is usually not a good choice. You’d better go for baked food, which is healthier. Another suggestion is to order from the kids’ menu. The portions (份量) are smaller, so you can control how much you eat. Also, you can eat only half of your meal and take the rest home. Nowadays, more fast food restaurants are serving healthier choices. Look for words like “healthy” or “light” on the menu. With smart choices, eating fast food doesn’t have to be so bad. 1．According to the passage, what is a problem with the largest size? A．It costs too much. B．It is not popular. C．It has the most fat and sugar. D．It is too small. 2．Why does the writer suggest ordering from the kids’ menu? A．It tastes better. B．It is cheaper than other menus. C．It helps people eat less. D．It is cooked differently. 3．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Ways to eat fast food healthily. B．Fast food is bad for our health. C．Many kids like fast food. D．How to open fast food restaurants. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了在快餐店健康点餐的几个实用建议，包括避免最大份量、选择健康饮品、选择烤制而非油炸食品、从儿童菜单点餐以及只吃一半分量等。 1．由第二段“it is worse for your health because it contains the most fat and sugar”可知，最大份量的问题在于它含有最多的脂肪和糖。 2．由第二段“order from the kids’ menu. The portions are smaller, so you can control how much you eat”可知，作者建议从儿童菜单点餐是因为份量更小，有助于控制食量。 3．全文围绕如何在快餐店健康地用餐给出建议，第一段提出“here are some useful tips”，第二段具体列出建议，第三段总结，因此主旨是健康吃快餐的方法。 Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（海报制作技巧） 容易 本文从受众定位、信息呈现、提纲撰写、色彩搭配四个方面，给出了制作优质海报的实用技巧。 方法指南类说明文，分点式结构，逻辑线性清晰，词汇贴合校园生活，句式以简单句为主，无复杂表达。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，答案可从原文对应板块直接定位，干扰项设置简单，基础难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Whether you are setting up a club or organizing a volunteer activity, creating a poster can be useful and fun. But do you know how to make a poster? Here are some tips for you. ※ Know your poster’s readers If you don’t know who you’re designing for, your design won’t achieve the result you expect. Before you start to design a poster, the first step is to know your poster’s readers. Take a moment to think about who your ideal readers are, and what their needs, challenges, and pain points are. ※ Present the key information A picture, as they say, is worth a thousand words. Your design doesn’t need a lot of text to say something. Less is often more when it comes to posters. Put the important messages in the center of the poster. You can also highlight (突出) them so that readers can understand the key points at a glance. ※ Write an outline (提纲) You need to write an outline before you make a poster. Consider the information you need to include. It usually includes a title, the purpose, the event date, the event place and how to join. List the steps as clearly as possible so that you can be organized when designing the poster. ※ Choose your colors Your choice of colors is probably the first thing your readers will notice about your poster, so it’s important to get it right. One method we suggest using is the 60-30-10 color rule. Your main color should take up 60 percent of your poster design, while the other two colors can take up 30 and 10 percent. Now you can start creating your own poster! 1．What should you do before designing a poster? A．Decide where to put your poster. B．Consider the readers of your poster. C．Discuss the outline with your partner. D．Think about a clear call to action. 2．What can we know about the information on a poster? A．The more information, the better. B．It should be clear and brief. C．It should include enough facts and numbers. D．It should contain plenty of detailed facts. 3．According to the text, how will you choose the colors of the poster? A．The main color:70%, the other colors:30%. B．The main color:60%, the other colors:40%. C．The main color:50%, the other colors:50%. D．The main color:40%, the other colors:60%. 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Explain what a good poster is. B．Show why posters are important in life. C．Tell us about different kinds of posters. D．Give advice on how to make a good poster. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文从受众定位、信息呈现、提纲撰写和色彩搭配四个方面，给出了制作海报的实用技巧与建议。 1．原文“Before you start to design a poster, the first step is to know your poster’s readers.”明确提到设计海报的第一步是了解受众。 2．原文“Your design doesn’t need a lot of text to say something. Less is often more when it comes to posters.”说明海报的文字不宜过多，要突出关键信息。 3．原文“Your main color should take up 60 percent of your poster design, while the other two colors can take up 30 and 10 percent.”明确指出主色占60%，另外两种颜色共占40%=30%+10%，对应选项B。 4．文章开头直接点明主题“Here are some tips for you”，并从四个方面给出了制作海报的具体技巧，全文的核心是D项“给建议”。 Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・张家口一模（应对压力的方法） 中等 本文介绍了微笑、运动、倾诉、积极选择、培养爱好五种应对压力的实用方法，帮助读者缓解压力。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，分点介绍方法，词汇贴合初中生心理成长需求，有少量复合句，文末直接点明主旨。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道句子还原题 + 1 道主旨大意题，句子还原题需结合段落语境判断，有基础语境推理要求，中等难度。 （2026·河北张家口·一模）When was the last time you felt stressed? What did you do about it? Stress is the feeling you get when you’re under pressure. So, what can you do about stress? Here are some ways to help. Smile. Surprisingly, your body can change your mind. Even if you aren’t happy, try smiling—it can actually help. It tells your brain that you’re okay, and that can make you feel better. Next time you’re stressed, just smile for 10 minutes. (1) Exercise. When you exercise, it helps you stop thinking about your worries and feel less stressed. (2) Just do something active, like swimming or going to the gym. Share it. Don’t keep your problems to yourself. First, chat with your good friends about what’s worrying you. Then, try to find something funny in the situation and laugh together. It really helps! Make positive choices. Read books that make you feel good and spend time with people you enjoy being with. Avoid spending too much time on social media or watching TV. (3) Take up a hobby. Find time for a hobby you enjoy. It could be gardening, dancing, fixing things, or anything you like. (4) Choose an activity that you decide on and can do at your own pace (节奏). This helps a lot with stress. 1．What can tell your brain that you are okay? A．Smiling. B．Exercise. C．Sharing. D．Hobby. 2．What does the writer suggest you do with your problems? A．Spend time on social media. B．Share and laugh with friends. C．Keep the problems to ourselves. D．Think deeply and find out the reasons. 3．Where can you put the sentence “Always stay away from negative people.”? A．(1) B．(2) C．(3) D．(4) 4．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To let us stick to our dreams. B．To help us find ourselves. C．To tell us how to deal with stress. D．To encourage us to take up a hobby. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了应对压力的几种方法，包括微笑、运动、分享、积极选择和培养爱好。 1．文中第二段提到“Even if you aren’t happy, try smiling—it can actually help. It tells your brain that you’re okay.”，说明微笑可以告诉大脑你没事。 2．文中第四段提到“Don’t keep your problems to yourself. First, chat with your good friends about what’s worrying you. Then, try to find something funny in the situation and laugh together.”，说明作者建议与朋友分享问题并一起欢笑。 3．在第五段介绍做出积极选择这种方法时，先提到“Read books that make you feel good and spend time with people you enjoy being with. Avoid spending too much time on social media or watching TV.”，后面接着“Always stay away from negative people.”意思是要远离消极的人，和前面避免花太多时间在社交媒体或看电视等内容一样，都是做出积极选择的具体做法，所以放在(3)处合适。 4．全文围绕应对压力的方法展开，介绍了五种具体方式，包括微笑、运动、分享、积极选择和培养爱好，因此作者的目的是告诉我们如何处理压力。 Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（步行运动的益处） 中等 本文介绍了步行运动的优势、让步行更愉悦的方法、注意事项，以及步行带来的身心双重益处。 健康生活类说明文，总分总结构，段落主题明确，词汇生活化，有少量复合句，贴合初中生日常运动场景。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，段落主旨题需概括段落核心，推理题有原文情节直接支撑，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Walking is one of the easiest and healthiest ways for us to exercise. It needs no special tools, no big places and costs nothing at all. More and more people choose walking to keep healthy in their busy daily life, especially students and office workers. Daily walking helps our hearts work better and improves blood flow around the body. It also helps us relax our mind and body after a long day of study or work, making us feel less tired and stressed. Unlike some other kinds of intense exercise, walking hardly causes harm to our legs or feet, so it is very safe. People of almost all ages, from young kids to the elderly, can do it properly without much risk. To make walking more enjoyable, different people have their own ways. Some like to walk with friends or family members, chatting happily along the way. Others enjoy listening to light music or English news while walking. It is widely suggested to walk for about 30 minutes a day, four to five times a week to keep fit. Wearing comfortable and soft shoes is also very important to protect our feet from being hurt. Walking is not just simple exercise. It helps us slow down and enjoy the world around us. We can notice beautiful flowers, green trees, lovely birds and gentle wind on the way. It makes our life more colorful, relaxing and meaningful, bringing both physical health and mental peace. 1．What is the advantage of walking? A．It needs expensive tools B．It is easy and safe C．It takes much time D．It is difficult for old people 2．What should people wear when walking? A．Warm coats B．New hats C．Comfortable shoes D．Sports uniforms 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．How to make walking more pleasant B．When to walk every day C．Why people like walking D．Where to go walking 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Walking helps people feel relaxed B．Walking is popular only with young people C．All people walk with friends D．Walking can cure serious illnesses 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了步行作为一种简单又健康的运动方式，介绍了步行的优势、注意事项、让步行更愉快的方法以及步行带来的身心益处。 1．第一段指出：“Walking is one of the easiest and healthiest ways for us to exercise.It needs no special tools,no big places and costs nothing at all.”以及第二段中提到“walking hardly causes harm to our legs or feet,so it is very safe”，这直接说明步行是简单且安全的运动方式。 2．第三段指出：“Wearing comfortable and soft shoes is also very important to protect our feet from being hurt.”，说明人们步行时应穿舒适柔软的鞋子。 3．第三段指出：“To make walking more enjoyable,different people have their own ways.Some like to walk with friends or family members,chatting happily along the way.Others enjoy listening to light music or English news while walking.”，说明不同的人有各自让步行更愉快的方法。 4．第二段指出：“It also helps us relax our mind and body after a long day of study or work,making us feel less tired and stressed.”，由此可推断出步行能帮助人们放松身心、缓解疲惫和压力。 Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（化学学习方法） 中等 本文分析了化学学科被认为难学的原因，并从按时上课、理解概念、关注生活化学、主动提问四个方面给出了学习建议。 学科学习方法类说明文，贴合初中生学科学习需求，总分总结构，词汇贴合课标，有少量学科专用词汇并附中文注释，无阅读障碍。 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道细节理解题 + 1 道观点推理题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需区分不同学习方法的核心内容，甄别干扰项的细节错位，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary (学科专用词汇). At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts (概念) of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully—and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you. Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation (方程式). A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas (公式) and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How does the writer develop the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By asking some questions. D．By giving some advice. 2．Which is a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H₂CO₃”? A．To read it aloud in class. B．To write it on the blackboard. C．To explain it to someone else. D．To ask others the meaning of it. 3．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Chemistry is usually thought to be easy. C．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. D．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. 4．What is the writer mainly trying to do in the text? A．Describe the importance of chemistry. B．Tell us some skills to learn chemistry. C．Teach us some chemistry formulas. D．Help us remember some chemistry concepts. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了化学学科被认为较难的原因，并从按时上课、理解概念、关注生活中的化学、主动提问等方面给出了学习化学的实用建议，帮助读者掌握学习方法并发现化学的乐趣。 1．文章第1段“Here are some suggestions to help you.”及后文的四条建议表明作者通过给出建议的方式展开全文。 2．文章第3段“A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else.”表明检验对公式理解的好方法是向他人解释该公式。 3．文章第1段“Also, some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand.”表明化学的一些概念难以理解，选项C与原文表述一致。 4．文章第1段“Here are some suggestions to help you.”及后文四条关于化学学习的方法建议可推知，作者的主要目的是告诉读者学习化学的技巧。 Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（愤怒情绪管理） 中等 本文针对如何处理愤怒情绪给出了多项建议，包括接纳情绪、深呼吸释放、寻求第三方帮助，点明了管理好愤怒的重要性。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有细腻的情绪引导内容，词汇贴合初中生心理成长，有少量复合句。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题 + 1 道篇章结构题，结构题需梳理全文 “总 - 分 - 总” 的逻辑，中等难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third person is helpful. It is hard for the two persons in anger to understand each other, but the idea of a third person can help both of them to understand each other. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to manage it well adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To accept useful suggestions. B．To show different ideas. C．To look for something in common. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we are very angry? A．Control our voices. B．Say angry words. C．Try taking a deep breath. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What is the writer trying to tell us? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对如何处理愤怒情绪提出了一些建议。文章首先指出愤怒是正常的，接着介绍了几个具体的方法：接受不同观点的存在、深呼吸释放怒气、避免在盛怒时说话、寻求第三方帮助等，最后总结管理好愤怒有助于我们更好地理解世界。 1．根据文章第二段最后一句“In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common.”可知，沟通的目的是寻找共同点。 2．根据文章第三段第一句“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let anger out of your body along with the breath.”可知，作者建议深呼吸。 3．文章从第一段“Here are some of my suggestions.”（这是我的一些建议）开始，到后面几段分别介绍具体的建议（接受不同观点、深呼吸、找第三方沟通），都是在围绕“如何管理愤怒”这一主题展开。最后一段也总结说“to well manage it adds to our ability...”。因此，文章的主旨是关于如何管理愤怒。 4．第一段引出话题，提出“如何应对愤怒”的问题，并说明将给出建议，是总起段；第二、三、四段分别提出建议；第五段总结全文，指出愤怒是人类情绪之一，管理好它很重要。文章整体结构是“总-分-总”。 Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（英语口语自然表达技巧） 中等 本文从语法学习、口语缩写、填充词使用、简短回答、听力模仿五个方面，给出了让英语口语表达更自然的实用技巧。 英语学习方法类说明文，贴合初中生口语学习需求，总分总结构，有少量口语化专业表达并附解释，逻辑清晰。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需精准定位不同技巧的核心内容，干扰项有与原文相反的表述，中等难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模）When you speak English, you may want to sound more like a real English speaker. So how can you make your speech sound more natural? First of all, you need to learn grammar. If your grammar is wrong, it can be hard for people to understand you. But this doesn’t mean you have to speak like someone in a book! In fact, sometimes you should do the opposite! People who speak English every day often talk in a more relaxed way. For example, they use contractions. A contraction is formed when you put two words together, like “can’t” instead of “cannot”, or “won’t” instead of “will not”. They also say things like “gonna” for “going to” and “gotta” for “get to”. These words sound more natural when people speak, but we don’t usually write them. People also use filler words. These are words like “um”, “so” or “you know”. They help fill the space while you think about what to say next. For example, someone might say. “So, I was thinking. um…Are you doing anything later?” It’s really important to use filler words—but not too often! And while you might have learned in school to answer a question in full sentences, it’s not something you need to do when talking with friends. It’s okay to give short answers. Of course, learning to speak naturally takes time. A great way to learn is by listening to people who speak English, like in movies or on the internet. Try to copy how they talk. Just keep practicing—you’ll get better every day! 1．Which of the following is a contraction? A．Gonna. B．Um. C．Cannot. D．So. 2．Why do people use filler words when talking? A．To fill the space while they think about what to say next. B．To make their sentences sound more polite. C．To show they are interested in what others say. D．To tell others they feel relaxed when talking with them. 3．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Use filler words as often as possible when speaking. B．Answer questions in full sentences all the time when speaking. C．Always speak like someone in a book to make yourself understood. D．Watching how people talk in movies can help us speak naturally. 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Explain why English grammar is difficult. B．Give advice on speaking English more naturally. C．Show us the importance of speaking in learning English. D．Tell us the difference between spoken English and written English. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何让自己的英语口语听起来更自然，包括学习语法、使用缩写形式、使用填充词、给出简短回答以及通过听他人讲话来练习等方面。 1．第三段指出缩写形式：“A contraction is formed when you put two words together, like ‘can’t’ instead of ‘cannot’, or ‘won’t’ instead of ‘will not’. They also say things like ‘gonna’ for ‘going to’ and ‘gotta’ for ‘get to’. ”，这直接说明了缩写形式是由两个词组合而成，同时说明 “gonna” 是 “going to” 的口语化形式，属于这类自然口语表达 2．第四段说明使用填充词的原因：“They help fill the space while you think about what to say next.”，这直接表明人们说话时使用填充词是为了在想接下来说什么时填补空白。 3．倒数第二段提出作者可能认同的观点：“A great way to learn is by listening to people who speak English, like in movies or on the internet. Try to copy how they talk.”，这说明观看电影中人们如何交谈能帮助我们自然地说话。 4．文章开篇提问 “So how can you make your speech sound more natural?”，随后从语法、口语化表达、填充词、回答方式、学习途径等方面给出具体建议，核心目的是指导读者如何让英语口语更自然。 Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・保定一模（快乐火花 / 小确幸） 中等 本文介绍了 “快乐火花” 的概念，阐述了生活中小确幸对身心健康的积极作用，并给出了寻找日常快乐火花的方法。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有专家观点与理论支撑，词汇贴合初中生认知，有少量抽象情感类词汇，文末有价值升华。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道推理判断题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题需结合语境推断，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北保定·一模）Do you remember the last thing that made you smile? Finding small happy moments can brighten your day and help you face hard times. These little moments are what we call sparks (火花) of joy. Sparks of joy are the tiny things that make you smile and feel good inside, like listening to your favourite song or sharing a funny joke with a friend. So finding sparks of joy can lift your mood (心情). However, even the excitement of winning disappears quickly, because people return to their usual level of happiness after good or bad events. Luckily, happiness expert Pam Ramsay says these sparks are everywhere if you look for them. “Focus on what’s good, what makes us smile,” she says. Happiness benefits both your body and your brain, and small moments of joy play a big role in this. When you feel happy, you get more energy to stay active, and this lifts your mood even more. Scientists note that happiness reduces stress and strengthens the immune system (免疫系统) to help fight diseases. Even tiny sparks of joy can make a big difference, as they train your brain to notice positive things. Author Emily Coxhead explains: “It not only improves our daily lives and the lives of people around us, but also helps us deal with difficulties, making us stronger.” No one is happy all the time, but you can cheer yourself up by finding these sparks when you need to. Make a list of happy things, like sitting comfortably on the sofa and watching a film. You can also make a happy jar: write down every small happy moment on paper and put it in the jar. After a few days, you’ll see how many good things there are in your life. What’s more, getting enough sleep helps your brain hold onto happy memories. So turn off screens and read or draw to relax before bed. 1．What can small happy moments help people do according to the passage? A．Face hard times. B．Keep a good habit. C．Win a big prize. D．Make more friends. 2．Why doesn’t the excitement of winning last long? A．Winning cannot make people really happy. B．Friends will share their happiness with them. C．People’s moods change from time to time. D．People will return to their usual level of happiness. 3．What does the underlined word “strengthens” probably mean? A．Improves. B．Reduces. C．Prevents. D．Changes. 4．What can we infer about sparks of joy from Emily Coxhead’s words? A．They make people forget bad things. B．They help people get over difficult things. C．They bring more unusual good chances. D．They teach people to solve all the problems. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Methods to find a happy jar in life. B．Ways to get enough sleep every day. C．Small happy moments in daily life. D．Big exciting events in our daily life. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快乐火花的概念，即生活中让人感到快乐的小事，以及它们对身心健康、应对困难的积极作用。 1．根据第一段“Finding small happy moments can brighten your day and help you face hard times.”可知，快乐小事能帮助人们面对困难时光。 2．根据第二段“even the excitement of winning disappears quickly, because people return to their usual level of happiness after good or bad events.”可知，获胜的兴奋不会持久是因为人们会回到平常的快乐水平。 3．根据第三段“happiness reduces stress and strengthens the immune system to help fight diseases”可知，快乐能减轻压力并“strengthens”免疫系统。结合常识可知，对抗疾病需要更强健的免疫系统，可推知“strengthens”意为“增强/改善”，与improves意思相近。 4．根据第三段Emily Coxhead的话“It not only improves our daily lives...but also helps us deal with difficulties, making us stronger.”可知，快乐火花能帮助人们克服困难。 5．全文围绕“日常生活中的快乐小事”展开，介绍了它们的好处和寻找方法，因此最佳标题为“Small happy moments in daily life.”。 Passage 10 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（责任感的培养） 较难 本文阐述了有责任感的人的行为表现，介绍了培养责任感的核心方法，点明了责任感是一种优秀的个人品质。 品格塑造类说明文，总分总结构，有心理学专家观点支撑，句式以复合句为主，有少量抽象概念类词汇，对文本理解能力有一定要求。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道观点推理题 + 1 道标题选择题，题型覆盖全面，需深层理解文本核心观点，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Have you ever heard someone say you are responsible? Being responsible is a good quality. Studies have found that responsible people can do well in their work and get on well with other people. Being responsible means wanting to do your work or your duty well. When you do something, you want to do it to the best of your ability. It also means not giving up when things get hard and doing tasks without being asked. You can be trusted easily because you follow the rules, do your homework early and to the highest standard you can. No matter how hard the tasks are, you stick to them responsibly and carefully. You might help others without being asked. You can learn to be responsible. Carrying on with tasks and staying active when things get hard is a key part of being responsible. It can be tricky, but there are ways to make it easier. “Sticking to things doesn’t mean working non-stop. It means finding ways to keep moving forward, even if it’s a small step at a time,” says Laura Gwilt, an expert in how people think, feel and behave. When something gets difficult, it’s important to fight the thought of stopping. “When you continue instead of giving up, you show yourself that working hard matters as much as the final result,” says Gwilt. In order to be more responsible, another step you can take is to stick to the plans that you make. If you have planned to go to a new club or to do your homework when you get home, make it happen. Keeping your plans shows your friends, family and teachers that you are responsible. 1．What have studies found out about responsible people? A．They do their work quickly. B．They like making plans. C．They get on well with others. D．They are asked to be the best. 2．What do responsible people do when doing hard tasks according to the text? A．Try something easier. B．Stick to the tasks. C．Give up without trying. D．Ask others for help. 3．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Dangerous. B．Boring. C．Crazy. D．Difficult. 4．Which of the following may Gwilt agree with? A．Everyone should think twice before taking action. B．Trying is more important than results. C．You can make progress step by step. D．Working without stopping is important. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Being a Responsible Person B．Keeping Important Plans C．Developing Good Qualities D．Finishing Difficult Homework 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要阐述了有责任感是一种好品质，介绍了有责任感的表现以及学习变得有责任感的方法。 1．根据第一段中“Studies have found that responsible people can do well in their work and get on well with other people.”可知，研究发现有责任心的人与他人相处融洽。 2．根据第二段中“Being responsible means wanting to do your work or your duty well. When you do something, you want to do it to the best of your ability. It also means not giving up when things get hard and doing tasks without being asked.”可知，有责任心的人做困难任务时会坚持下去。 3．结合第三段中“Carrying on with tasks and staying active when things get hard is a key part of being responsible. It can be tricky, but there are ways to make it easier.”可知，当事情变得困难时，继续任务并保持积极是有责任心的关键部分，它可能是有难度的，但有方法让它变得更容易，由此可推测出，“tricky”意思是“困难的”，与“Difficult”意思一致。 4．根据第三段中“‘Sticking to things doesn’t mean working non-stop. It means finding ways to keep moving forward, even if it’s a small step at a time,’ says Laura Gwilt”可知，Gwilt认为坚持不是一直不停地工作，而是一步一步取得进步。 5．文章开篇引出有责任心是好品质，接着阐述有责任心的表现以及如何变得更有责任心，全文围绕“成为一个有责任心的人”展开，A选项“Being a Responsible Person”最适合作为标题。 Passage 11 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（保持健康的方法） 较难 本文阐述了健康的重要性，从规律作息、均衡饮食、规律运动、心理健康四个方面给出了保持健康的具体建议，分享了个人健康计划。 健康生活类说明文，总分总结构，段落层次丰富，有多个维度的建议内容，句式以复合句为主，篇幅较长，信息密度中等。 1 道句意推理题 + 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，句意推理题需结合上下文语境理解，对信息整合能力有要求，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）We often hear that “health is wealth (财富),” and it is really true. As we all know, health is the most important thing for us. Without good health, it is difficult to enjoy life, study effectively, or achieve our goals. Therefore, it is truly time for us to do something actively to keep ourselves healthy. Firstly, developing a regular daily routine (日常作息) is very helpful. It is good for us to go to bed early and get up early. Enough sleep allows our body and mind to rest well, making us energetic for the next day. Secondly, we need to pay attention to what we eat. Having a balanced diet with enough vegetables, fruits, and proteins (蛋白质) is necessary. At the same time, we should stay away from unhealthy junk food, which may taste good but harms our body in the long run. Next, doing sports regularly is a good and fun way to build up our bodies. Activities like running, swimming, or playing basketball not only strengthen our muscles (肌肉) but also refresh our minds. Moreover, mental health is as important as physical health. Last but not least, we should learn to think of nice things and stay in a good mood, especially when we are in trouble. Staying positive helps us solve problems more easily and keeps us away from stress. In a word, health always comes first. To improve my own health, I am planning to make some changes. I will take part in more outdoor activities, such as hiking or cycling on weekends, instead of staying at home playing video games. I believe small steps every day will lead to a healthier and happier life for everyone. 1．What can we infer from the sentence “health is wealth” at the beginning? A．Healthy people are always rich. B．Wealth can buy good health. C．Money is more important than health. D．Good health is valuable like treasure. 2．What is one benefit of having enough sleep? A．It helps us eat more good food. B．It makes us enjoy junk food. C．It lets our body and mind rest well. D．It is the only way to build up muscles. 3．What does the underlined word “mental” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．About the mind. B．About the body. C．About food and diet. D．About exercise. 4．What does the writer plan to do for outdoor activities? A．Play video games. B．Go hiking or cycling. C．Swim in the river. D．Play basketball only. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Importance of Sleep B．Say No to Junk Food C．Plans for Outdoor Activities D．Ways to Keep Healthy 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“健康就是财富”的道理，并从作息习惯、饮食均衡、体育锻炼以及心理健康四个方面提出了保持健康的具体建议，最后分享了作者个人的健康计划。 1．第一段第一句指出：“We often hear that ‘health is wealth (财富),’ and it is really true.”。引用部分通过将健康比作财富，推断出健康像宝藏一样珍贵且重要。 2．第二段第三句提到：“Enough sleep allows our body and mind to rest well…”。引用内容直接说明了充足睡眠的一个益处是让身体和大脑得到良好的休息。 3．第三段第一、二句指出：“Moreover, mental health is as important as physical health. Last but not least, we should learn to think of nice things and stay in a good mood…”。作者将该词与“physical（身体的）”进行并列对比，且后文提到的“考虑美好的事情”、“保持好心情”均属于思想层面的活动，由此推断“mental”意为“关于思想的”。 4．第四段第三句明确描述了作者的打算：“I will take part in more outdoor activities, such as hiking or cycling on weekends…”。引用部分直接列举了作者计划进行的具体户外活动。 5．文章首段引出话题，随后各段分别从日常作息、平衡饮食、体育运动以及心态调整等多个维度详细介绍了维持健康的方法，D项“保持健康的方法”最适合作文章的标题。 Passage 12 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（好奇心的力量） 较难 本文阐述了好奇心对学习、创新、职业发展的积极作用，介绍了培养好奇心的三种方法，呼吁读者保持好奇心态。 成长励志类说明文，总分总结构，有名人事例与专家观点支撑，逻辑层层递进，句式以复合句为主，有少量抽象概念词，篇幅较长。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道标题选择题，结构题需梳理全文多层逻辑，对文本整体把控能力要求高，较难难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever been full of curiosity about the world and always liked to ask “why” when you were a child? Curiosity is the drive to explore and learn. Curiosity helps the brain to take in new information. For students, curiosity is like a mind superpower. At the same time, curiosity is also a process of actively looking for answers. When you're truly curious about a topic, it becomes easier and more effective for your brain to take in and keep new information. Curiosity also leads to more exciting ideas. Curiosity encourages students to go beyond “what is taught” and ask “what if”. Instead of simply accepting information, a curious student studies it and looks at it from different sides. This habit of thinking leads to more interesting ideas because it connects knowledge from different subjects. Curiosity encourages active learning and helps discover your career interests. When Qian Xuesen was young, he was curious about why paper planes could fly and how to make them fly farther. Driven by this curiosity, he worked hard and became a great scientist. This curiosity about one thing will keep you learning, and maybe that interest will shape your future career. So how to develop your curiosity? One effective method is to ask open-ended questions. For example, instead of asking, “Did you enjoy the training?”, one might ask, “Which aspects of the training did you find most interesting?” Looking for new ideas is another important strategy (策略) for developing curiosity. Besides, jumping out of one's comfort zone (舒适区) is also important for developing curiosity. As Richard Feynman said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” Therefore, keep a curious mind. You never know where it may lead you! 1．How does curiosity act on the brain according to the text? A．It makes the brain more relaxed and active. B．It pushes the brain to remember details more clearly. C．It allows the brain to focus on what you are learning. D．It helps the brain take in and keep new information more easily. 2．What are curious students like? A．They usually learn a thing more quickly than others. B．It is easy for them to choose their own careers. C．They often consider a thing from different sides. D．They are used to accepting information directly. 3．What do the underlined words “open-ended questions” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Questions that have no clear answers. B．Questions that will get short answers. C．Questions that require you to think twice to answer. D．Questions that need more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①-②③④-⑤⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤-⑥ C．①②-③④-⑤⑥ D．①-②③④⑤-⑥ 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of a Curious Mind B．A Study on How Curiosity Works C．Ways to Come Up with New Ideas D．The Influence of Curiosity on Future Jobs 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了好奇心对大脑的作用、对学习的促进以及对职业兴趣的发现，并探讨了如何培养好奇心的方法。 1．第二段指出：“When you’re truly curious about a topic, it becomes easier and more effective for your brain to take in and keep new information.”，这直接说明了好奇心能帮助大脑更容易地吸收和保留新信息。 2．第三段说明：“a curious student studies it and looks at it from different sides.”，这表明好奇的学生会从不同角度思考问题。 3．第五段定义：“One effective method is to ask open-ended questions. For example, instead of asking, “Did you enjoy the training?”, one might ask, “Which aspects of the training did you find most interesting?””，说明“open-ended questions”是指那些不能用简单的“是”或“否”来回答的问题。 4．①：总起定义好奇心； ②③④：全部是好奇心的益处、意义、案例（同一大层）；⑤⑥：讲培养好奇心的方法 ，呼吁保持好奇心。 5．A选项“The Power of a Curious Mind”是一个高度概括性的标题，适用于讨论好奇心如何影响思维、创新或学习的文章。 Passage 13 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（与自己比较，拒绝攀比） 较难 本文探讨了与他人攀比的常见现象，通过心理学专家的观点，给出了正确看待比较、与过去的自己比较、接纳自我的建议。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有心理学专业观点支撑，对初中生的成长困惑有针对性引导，句式以复合句为主，有深层价值表达。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需深层理解文本的核心价值观，干扰项有片面化表述，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Do you often compare yourself with others? Perhaps your best friend gets a gift you really want, or your brother can go to a concert but you can’t. Comparing with others is very common in our daily life, but focusing on your own progress is the real key to your happiness. “We often compare ourselves with people who are better or worse than us,” says Dr. Smith, a psychologist (心理专家). “But you should compare yourself with your past self and future self.” This can help you value what you’ve achieved and look forward to your future. He also says that focusing on your own goals is better than only wanting to be the best. Comparing yourself with others is natural. We often do it without perceiving. And most of the time, we don’t even know we are doing this. If you often feel sad or upset when comparing with others, stop and think about what you are good at. Everyone has his own advantages. Maybe sometimes you are wondering, “What if all my friends are better than me?” Dr. Smith says jealousy (嫉妒) is a common feeling. To deal with it, you can try celebrating your friends’ success. It can not only cheer your friends up but also make you feel good. It will encourage you and your friends to grow together and become better. 1．What is the real key to our happiness? A．Comparing with others often. B．Having a gift we really want. C．Focusing on our own progress. D．Going to concerts with brothers. 2．Why should we compare ourselves with our past and future self? A．To value our achievements. B．To be the best all the time. C．To meet with better people. D．To know others’ purposes. 3．What does the underlined word “perceiving” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Discussing. B．Realizing. C．Forgetting. D．Calling. 4．How can we deal with the feeling of jealousy according to Dr. Smith? A．Build ourselves up. B．Do better than friends. C．Celebrate friends’ success. D．Feel good about ourselves. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Compare with Yourself B．Cheer Your Friends up C．Find Your Own Advantages D．Learn to Deal with Jealousy 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了与他人比较这一常见现象，并给出了如何正确看待比较、获得快乐的建议。 1．第一段提到“but focusing on your own progress is the real key to your happiness.”，由此可知，关注自己的进步是幸福的真正关键。 2．第二段提到“But you should compare yourself with your past self and future self. This can help you value what you’ve achieved and look forward to your future.”，由此可知，和过去及未来的自己比较，能帮助我们重视自己的成就。 3．第三段提到“We often do it without perceiving. And most of the time, we don’t even know we are doing this.”，说明我们常常在没有“意识到”的情况下进行比较，因此“perceiving”意为“意识到”。 4．第四段提到“Dr. Smith says jealousy is a common feeling. To deal with it, you can try celebrating your friends’ success.”，由此可知，应对嫉妒的方法是为朋友的成功喝彩。 5．全文围绕“不要和他人比较，要和过去、未来的自己比较，关注自身进步”展开，因此最佳标题是“与自己比较”。 Passage 14 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・邢台一模（改善自我对话的方法） 较难 本文介绍了自我对话对个人成长的影响，从转化负面表达、使用第二 / 三人称对话两个方面，给出了改善自我对话的具体方法。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有科学实验研究支撑，逻辑严谨，句式以复合句为主，有心理学专业词汇并附解释，信息密度较高。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需精准理解实验结论与文本核心观点，对细节甄别能力要求高，较难难度。 （2026·河北邢台·一模）We all talk to ourselves sometimes, but not everyone does it in the same way. How you do it can make a big difference to your life. The good news is that you can learn to improve your self-talk. First of all, listen to what you say to yourself. If you always tell yourself that you are not smart or good enough, you may start to believe it. Try to change negative (负面的) self-talk into positive (乐观的) self-talk. You can use words like “can” or “will”. For example, you may say, “I will write a great article.” Also, you can try to use the second or third person in your self-talk. In a study, scientist Ethan Kross asked 89 people to give a speech—with only five minutes to get ready. As they prepared, he asked some to use “I” in their self-talk. These people were more likely to be nervous. They said things like, “I can’t prepare a speech in five minutes.” The rest were asked to call themselves “you” or by their own names. They were more likely to give themselves support. They said things like, “Ethan, you can do this!” “Talking in the second or third person helps people put some distance (距离) between themselves and their feelings,” said Kross. It helps people think more clearly about their own problems, just as they think about other people’s. By changing how you talk to yourself, you can feel better and more assured. This can help you do things you didn’t think you could do before. It’s like having a friend in your head who gives you encouragement and support. So next time you suddenly notice you’re talking to yourself, try to make it positive and use “you” or your own name. You might be surprised at how much better you feel and how much more you can achieve. 1．What should people do if their self-talk is negative? A．Stop talking to themselves completely. B．Use positive words like “can” or “will”. C．Only speak to others instead of themselves. D．Write down all their negative thoughts. 2．How might people who used “I” in self-talk feel according to Ethan Kross? A．More confident. B．More nervous. C．More excited. D．More relaxed. 3．How does using “you” in self-talk help people? A．It helps people remember past successes. B．It makes people forget about their problems. C．It makes people focus on other people’s feelings. D．It creates distance between people and their feelings. 4．What does the underlined word “assured” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Outgoing. B．Confident. C．Talented. D．Independent. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Give a Speech B．How to Support Yourself C．How to Improve Your Self-talk D．How to Change Negative Self-talk 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何改善自我对话，包括将负面自我对话转变为正面自我对话，以及在自我对话中使用第二或第三人称等，这些方法能让人感觉更好、更有信心，从而取得更多成就。 1．第二段提到：“Try to change negative (负面的) self-talk into positive (乐观的) self-talk. You can use words like ‘can’ or ‘will’”，说明如果自我对话是负面的，人们应该使用像“can”或“will”这样的积极词汇。 2．第三段提到：“As they prepared, he asked some to use ‘I’ in their self-talk. These people were more likely to be nervous.”，说明根据Ethan Kross的研究，在自我对话中使用“I”的人可能会更紧张。 3．第四段提到：“Talking in the second or third person helps people put some distance (距离) between themselves and their feelings”，说明在自我对话中使用“you”有助于人们在自己和情感之间创造距离。 4．第五段提到：“By changing how you talk to yourself, you can feel better and more assured. This can help you do things you didn’t think you could do before.”，结合语境可知，通过改变自我对话的方式，人们可以感觉更好、更自信，这能帮助人们做以前认为自己做不到的事情，所以“assured”的意思是“自信的”，与B选项“Confident”意思相符。 5．第一段最后一句“The good news is that you can learn to improve your self-talk.”以及后文围绕如何改善自我对话展开，说明文章主要讲的是如何改善自我对话，C选项“How to Improve Your Self-talk”符合文章主旨。 Passage 15 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（三种好奇心类型） 困难 本文通过研究者的分类，介绍了 “爱凑热闹型”“猎手型”“舞者型” 三种好奇心类型，结合维基百科读者的大规模实验，分析了三类人群的特征，并说明好奇心类型可后天培养。 科普研究类说明文，有专业的学术分类与大规模实验数据支撑，逻辑严谨，篇幅较长，长难句较多，信息密度大，贴合河北中考 D 篇文本特征。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需跨段整合实验过程与结论，深层理解不同好奇心类型的核心差异，对文本整体把控与信息整合能力要求极高，为最高难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模） Are you a curious person? If you often want to learn more about something, then you probably are. But as American researcher Perry Zurn points out, not all “curious minds” are cut from the same cloth. There are at least three styles of curiosity: “busybodies,” “hunters” and “dancers.” “Busybodies” like to collect bits of information on all kinds of topics. They’re not going after any certain goal. Rather, they’re just interested in the world around them. “Hunters” go after specific (确切的) answers. They follow a clear way to reach their goals. “ Dancers” jump at new ideas or mix old ones in new ways. They prefer to take the road less traveled. Zurn and his team wanted to see how these curiosity styles work in real life. They studied online Wikipedia (维基百科) readers. Their research included 482,000 people from 50 countries. For each person, the team looked at how many different topics he or she read about and how closely those topics were connected. For example, did someone look up Pierre Perifel and then read about his new film, “The Bad Guy”? Or did he or she jump from the film director to tea art? The results showed that all three types of curious minds exist (存在) among today’s Internet users. “Busybodies” read widely, but they especially liked sports, food and the arts. “Hunters” cared more about science and technology. Interestingly, they were more likely to feel stressed after their curious hunt. That’s probably because they had a stronger wish to enrich their knowledge. Zurn says we are each born with a natural curiosity style. However, our style isn’t permanent. We can develop the other two styles by spending time with teachers or friends who think differently. That’s good news. After all, curiosity works best when all three styles exist in one mind. 1．What do “Dancers” like to do? A．Go after specific answers. B．Welcome new ideas and think creatively. C．Follow a clear way to reach goals. D．Collect different kinds of information. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How did Zurn and his team do their research? B．How many books did Zurn read in his study? C．Why did people like reading on Wikipedia? D．What did people think of Pierre Perifel? 3．Why were “Hunters” more likely to feel stressed? A．Because they had no clear goals. B．Because they read widely. C．Because they liked new ideas. D．Because they hoped to enrich their knowledge. 4．What does the underlined word “permanent” mean? A．Different. B．Lasting. C．Changing. D．Special. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Be a Curious Person B．A Research on Wikipedia Readers C．Three Different Styles of Curiosity D．The Most Useful Curiosity Style 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了研究者划分出的三种不同好奇心类型，介绍了各自特点，结合维基百科读者的实验研究展示三类人群的差异，并说明人的好奇心类型并非固定，可后天培养。 1．第二段指出：“‘Dancers’ jump at new ideas or mix old ones in new ways.”，说明这类人乐于接受新想法、用新方式整合旧观点。 2．第三段整体介绍Zurn和团队以维基百科读者为对象、选取研究人数、观察阅读内容关联度等实验过程，围绕研究的开展方式展开，对应答案。 3．第四段指出：“That’s probably because they had a stronger wish to enrich their knowledge.”，直接点明猎手型好奇心人群容易焦虑的原因。 4．第五段指出：“We are each born with a natural curiosity style. However, our style isn’t permanent.”，由转折关系可知好奇心风格并非一成不变，permanent意为 “持久的、永久的”，对应单词lasting。 5．第一段点明文章核心：至少有三种好奇心类型，后文围绕三类好奇心的特点、实验研究及可改变性展开，全文围绕三种不同的好奇心类型行文，该标题最贴合主旨。 主题02 人与社会（文化传承、跨文化交流、历史文化、科学技术、非遗传播、旅游生活、社会公共服务） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（绿城旅游景点介绍） 容易 本文以表格 + 短文的形式，介绍了绿城四大景点的开放时间、票价、核心游玩项目，给出了出行与游玩建议。 旅游信息类应用文，表格信息清晰，短文内容简短，词汇贴合生活场景，无生僻词，完全贴合课标五级要求。 全细节理解题，答案可从表格与原文直接定位，无推理要求，为基础难度，匹配河北中考 A 篇阅读难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Welcome to Green City Place Opening Time Ticket Price Main Fun Green Lake Park 8:00–18:00 Free Go boating, enjoy flowers, take a walk City Museum 9:00–17:00 ￥30 (students half price) See old photos, learn history Green Hill 7:30–19:00 ￥20 Climb mountains, enjoy fresh air Children’s Fun Land 8:30–21:00 ￥50 Play games, take small trains Green City is a beautiful place with clean water and fresh air. Every year, lots of visitors come here to spend their holidays. Green Lake Park is the most popular place for families. People can walk along the lake or take a boat on the water. The City Museum is great for students. It helps them know more about the city’s past. Green Hill is a good choice for people who love nature. They can exercise and relax there. Children’s Fun Land is very welcome among kids. If you want to visit, you’d better go early on weekends to avoid crowds. You can also take the No.6 or No.12 bus to get to these places easily. 1．How many places are introduced in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which place is free for visitors? A．Green Lake Park. B．City Museum. C．Green Hill. D．Children’s Fun Land. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．Visitors can take a train to Green City. B．Students can visit the museum for free. C．Green Lake Park opens the earliest in the morning. D．Children’s Fun Land closes latest at night. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了“绿城”的4个热门景点。 1．表格中明确列出了Green Lake Park、City Museum、Green Hill、Children’s Fun Land共4个地点。 2．表格中“Ticket Price”一栏显示，Green Lake Park的票价为“Free”，其余景点均需付费。 3．表格中“Opening Time”一栏显示，Children’s Fun Land为8:30–21:00，其余景点最晚关闭时间为17:00、19:00或18:00，因此它是最晚关闭的。 Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（菊花的文化含义） 中等 本文以父女对话的形式，介绍了菊花在中国古代与西方文化中不同的象征意义，点明了文化差异与文化融合的内涵。 文化交流类说明文，对话体形式，语言生动易懂，有中西方文化对比，贴合新课标中外文化互鉴要求，词汇贴合初中生认知。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道句子还原题 + 1 道主旨推理题，需结合对话语境与文化逻辑判断，中等难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模） Dad: Sweetie, what a great picture you’ve drawn, especially the chrysanthemums (菊花)! Ling: They’re often used for mourning (哀悼), so I think they fit the sadness of the whole picture. Dad: That’s interesting, but did you know chrysanthemums weren’t mourning flowers in ancient Chinese culture? Ling: Really? Dad: Yes. Chrysanthemums have been connected with long life, strength and good luck for thousands of years in Chinese history. Ling: Wait—so they didn’t mean death at all? Dad: Not in Chinese tradition. Ling: I had no idea! So, ▲ ? Dad: That started in Europe. Around 1789, people used them to honor the dead on All Saints’ Day. Later, the Italian poets wrote poems which linked chrysanthemums to mourning, and newspapers spread the idea. After World War I and II, chrysanthemums were used to honor the fallen soldiers. By the 1960s, white and yellow chrysanthemums became mourning flowers in some Asian countries. Ling: When did this idea come to China? Dad: Mainly from the late 20th century, through increased cultural exchange. China accepted some Western customs, including this one. It’s not that we forgot our tradition—it’s how cultures mix over time. Ling: So, which meaning is the right one? Dad: There isn’t one “right” meaning. A flower, like a word, can have different meanings in different situations. In China, it can mean a long, good life; elsewhere, it may honor someone who has passed away. Both make sense. Ling: Oh, I get it now. 1．Why does Ling choose chrysanthemums to draw on her picture? A．To give a good wish. B．To match the picture’s feeling. C．To follow her father’s suggestion. D．To make the picture more beautiful. 2．What’s the meaning of chrysanthemums in ancient Chinese culture? ①long life  ②strength  ③mourning  ④good luck A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 3．Which is the best for ▲ ? A．when did chrysanthemums come to Europe B．why did Chinese poets love chrysanthemums C．how did the "mourning flower" idea develop D．what do chrysanthemums mean in China today 4．What does Dad want to tell Ling through his last answer? A．Autumn is the best season for plants. B．Newspapers can spread wrong ideas. C．We should be open to cultural differences. D．It’s important to stick to traditional customs. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一段父女二人讨论菊花的意义的对话，体现了文化差异。 1．根据第二段“so I think they fit the sadness of the whole picture”，可知女儿在画中使用菊花是为了契合画的意义。 2．由第五段“ Chrysanthemums have been connected with long life, strength and good luck for thousands of years in Chinese history”可知，菊花在中国历史中象征着长寿、力量和好运。 3．空缺处下文描述的是菊花何时开始象征悲伤，这种想法是通过何种方式传播的。C项符合段意。 4．父亲最后说“There isn’t one “right” meaning...Both make sense”，说明他认为花的象征意义没有绝对的正确，不同文化中有着不同的含义。C项符合逻辑。 Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（中国剪纸非遗） 中等 本文介绍了中国剪纸的历史、制作材料、图案题材、用途与当代发展，展现了这一传统民间艺术的文化价值与生命力。 中华传统文化类说明文，总分总结构，内容贴合非遗文化传播主题，词汇简单，句式以简单句为主，篇幅适中，无复杂逻辑。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题有明确的语境支撑，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Paper cutting is one of the most traditional folk arts in China. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and appears in many parts of the country, especially in northern areas. People usually make paper cuttings with red paper, because red stands for happiness and good luck in Chinese culture. To make a paper cutting, people only need a pair of scissors and some colorful paper. Skilled artists can cut beautiful pictures without drawing first. Common pictures include flowers, animals, Chinese characters and scenes from traditional stories. During the Spring Festival or weddings, people often put paper cuttings on windows, walls or doors to celebrate important days. In the past, paper cutting was mainly made by women at home as a kind of home art. Now it has become a national symbol of Chinese culture. More and more foreign tourists show great interest in it and take paper cuttings as special gifts back to their countries. Some schools have started paper cutting lessons to help students learn about traditional culture. The old art is still alive and continues to shine in modern times. 1．How long has paper cutting been in China? A．Over 1,500 years. B．About 500 years. C．Less than 300 years. D．Around 1,000 years. 2．What color paper is widely used for paper cutting? A．White. B．Red. C．Blue. D．Yellow. 3．What does the underlined phrase “stands for” mean? A．writes down B．looks for C．means D．picks up 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Paper cutting is popular around the world. B．Only men can make good paper cuttings. C．It’s difficult to learn paper cutting. D．No schools teach paper cutting. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Paper Cutting B．How to Celebrate Spring Festival C．History of Chinese Folk Music D．Tools for Making Paper Cuttings 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术 —— 剪纸的历史、制作材料、图案、用途及当代发展，展现了这一传统艺术的文化价值与生命力。 1．根据第一段“It has a history of more than 1,500 years…”可知，剪纸在中国已有超过1500年的历史。 2．根据第一段“People usually make paper cuttings with red paper…”可知，剪纸广泛使用红色纸张。 3．根据第一段“…because red stands for happiness and good luck…”可知，红色代表幸福和好运，“means”（意味着/意思是）与“stands for”（代表/象征）的含义最为接近。 4．根据第三段“More and more foreign tourists show great interest in it…”可推断，剪纸在世界范围内很受欢迎。 5．全文围绕剪纸的历史、制作、文化意义展开，最合适的标题是“Traditional Chinese Paper Cutting”。 Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・张家口一模（古代驿站） 中等 本文介绍了中国古代驿站的起源、发展、功能、设计特点与历史作用，点明了驿站对古代中国发展的重要意义。 历史文化类说明文，总分总结构，时间线清晰，有历史专有名词并附中文注释，无阅读障碍，贴合新课标中华优秀传统文化主题要求。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需梳理驿站发展的时间线与功能演变，中等难度。 （2026·河北张家口·一模）Most people think fast delivery (快递) is new, but it’s actually very old. As early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties (商周时期), governments already had a way to send orders and news. This way was called yizhan. It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years. The yizhan was built to help pass documents far and fast. Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest. Sometimes, they passed the messages to the next rider. Because of this, news, food, and even money for the emperors could travel quickly across the land. The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way. These places were about 30 kilometers from each other. That was just right for a horse to go without stopping. Each place usually had houses for horses, rooms to keep things, kitchens, and beds for riders. Bigger places could hold many people and even had offices. Some had tall towers or flags so people could see them easily. Later, the yizhan took on more new roles. When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work. This way helped the government, business, and the sharing of culture. Even the famous traveler Marco Polo said it worked very well. Today, our post offices and ways to communicate still learn from this old idea. Keeping people in touch helped ancient China develop and it still helps us now. 1．When was yizhan most developed? A．In the Shang dynasty. B．In the Zhou dynasty. C．In the Tang dynasty. D．In the Song dynasty. 2．Why did riders stop at yizhan? A．To get food and money. B．To change horses or rest. C．To welcome foreign visitors. D．To give the messages to emperors. 3．What does the underlined word “ingenious” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Difficult. B．Expensive. C．Modern. D．Well-designed. 4．What new role did yizhan get during the Mongol rule? A．It built taller towers and flags. B．It helped spread Chinese food. C．It taught people how to ride horses. D．It served foreign officers and official visitors. 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．China’s Old “Post Office” B．The Rule of Ancient Emperors C．The Life of Marco Polo in China D．Horses and Riders in Ancient China 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代的驿站制度，包括其起源、功能、设计以及后来的发展演变。 1．第一段明确提到“It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years.”，说明驿站在唐朝最为发达。 2．第二段提到“Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest.”，说明骑手在驿站停留是为了换马或休息。 3．第三段第一句“The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way.”表明驿站的建造方式很特别，结合后文描述了驿站的巧妙设计：相距约30公里、配备马厩、储藏室、厨房、床铺等，大型驿站还有塔楼或旗帜便于识别，因此“ingenious”意为“设计巧妙的”。 4．第四段提到“When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work.”，说明在蒙古人统治时期，驿站为外国官员和官方访客提供服务。 5．文章主要围绕中国古代的驿站展开，介绍了它如同古代“邮局”般的作用，所以最佳标题是“China’s Old ‘Post Office’”。 Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（曹妃甸湿地） 中等 本文介绍了曹妃甸湿地的面积、生态价值、功能用途、气候特点与旅游景观，展现了湿地的自然与社会价值。 地方文旅类说明文，总分结构，有精准的数字说明，词汇贴合生态与旅游主题，篇幅适中，句式以复合句为主。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道文章出处推理题，出处推理题需结合文本体裁与内容判断，中等难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）The Caofeidian Wetland lies in Caofeidian District (区), Tangshan City. It covers a total area of 540 square kilometers, including a provincial (省级的) wetland and a bird nature protection area with an area of 110 square kilometers. It is known as the largest wetland and bird protection area in northern China. The wetland is home to many kinds of wild animals and plants. There are 238 kinds of wild plants and 307 kinds of birds here. The International Wetland Organization speaks highly of it, saying it is a nice wetland protection area with great development value. Caofei Lake covers a very large water area, making it not only a wonderful place for boating and fishing but also a water source (水源) for the farmland around it. At the same time, it serves as a backup (备用的) water source for the Caofeidian Industrial Area. With clear skies, blue water and green grass, it has a nice and comfortable climate. Unlike most cold northern areas with long freezing winters, it has no very cold winters or hot summers. Many birds find safe homes here to live, raise their babies and play. The lake is full of lively views: fish swim in the water, birds fly high in the sky, and reeds (芦苇) shake gently in the wind. These beautiful natural views change with the seasons, and attract a large number of visitors every year. 1．How big is the Caofeidian Wetland? A．110 square kilometers. B．238 square kilometers. C．307 square kilometers. D．540 square kilometers. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The area of Caofei Lake. B．The uses of Caofei Lake. C．The views of Caofei Lake. D．The water source of Caofei Lake. 3．What kind of climate does the Caofeidian Wetland have? A．Hot and wet. B．Cold and windy. C．Dry and changeable. D．Nice and comfortable. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A novel. B．A diary. C．A travel guide. D．A storybook. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了曹妃甸湿地的基本情况、生态价值、功能用途和气候景观。 1．原文第一段提到“It covers a total area of 540 square kilometers”，由此可知曹妃甸湿地的总面积是540平方千米。 2．原文第三段介绍了曹妃湖的多种用途：划船、钓鱼、农田水源、工业区备用水源，因此该段主要讲曹妃湖的用途。 3．原文第四段提到“it has a nice and comfortable climate”，直接说明了曹妃甸湿地的气候特点。 4．全文介绍了湿地的景观、生态和旅游价值，这类介绍景点的文章最可能出自旅游指南。 Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・保定一模（英歌舞中泰文化交流） 中等 本文介绍了英歌舞这一国家级非遗从中国传入泰国的历史，以及 2026 年泰国第二届英歌舞节的举办情况，展现了中泰文化交流的成果与意义。 跨文化交流类说明文，有具体的时事事件支撑，贴合新课标中华文化国际传播主题要求，有少量文化类拓展词，篇幅较长。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道句意理解题，需跨段整合英歌舞节的相关信息，中等难度。 （2026·河北保定·一模）Yingge dance, a mix of drama, dance and martial arts (武术), is a Chinese national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and is very popular in Chaoshan, Guangdong Province. Over a century ago, some Chinese people brought the dance to Thailand (泰国), and it has become an important local cultural symbol, deeply rooted in Thai society ever since. From February 28 to March 1, 2026, the second Phanat Nikhom Yingge Dance Festival was held in Chonburi, Thailand. Seven teams took part in it, including one from Puning, Guangdong and three local Thai teams. The local government hopes the festival can help with cultural exchanges between China and Thailand. What’s more, Yingge dance has even been added to local school courses to pass on this cultural art. Chinese and Thai performers danced together in the streets of the city. The Chinese Nigou Yingge Team, with about 40 members, came to Thailand for the first time. The team’s coach said it was a valuable chance for Chinese and Thai performers to learn from each other. A team member with 15 years of experience in Yingge dance was deeply moved by the Thai performers’ strong interest and love for this art form. They talked a lot about face painting and performing skills, even without a common language. The lively performance drew many local people and tourists. A 17-year-old Thai performer said he was happy to see so many people coming to watch. A local person said Yingge dance has become one of the most famous traditional arts in her hometown. A Chinese visitor from Shantou felt warm and familiar when watching the dance, as it reminded him of his hometown’s culture. Chonburi’s governor said the province would make Yingge dance a special cultural symbol of Phanat Nikhom, and use it to develop the local economy (经济) and tourism. 1．When was Yingge dance brought to Thailand? A．In 2026. B．On March 1. C．On February 28. D．Over a century ago. 2．What do we know about the second Phanat Nikhom Yingge Festival? A．It was started by a Chinese Yingge team. B．It lasted for about six days in Thailand. C．It had seven teams from different countries. D．It helped develop Thailand’s language. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Members of the Thai team. B．Feelings and skills shared. C．Ways of painting the faces. D．History of Yingge dance. 4．What does the underlined sentence “felt warm and familiar” really mean? A．The visitor missed his hometown culture. B．The visitor felt hot in the weather. C．The visitor knew Thai people very well. D．The visitor learned painting quickly. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英歌舞从中国传入泰国的历史、2026年第二届Phanat Nikhom英歌舞节的活动情况以及中泰文化交流的意义。 1．根据第一段“Over a century ago, some Chinese people brought the dance to Thailand”可知，英歌舞是在一个多世纪前传入泰国的。 2．根据第二段“Seven teams took part in it, including one from Puning, Guangdong and three local Thai teams.”可知，第二届英歌舞节有来自不同国家的七支队伍参加。 3．分析第三段内容，该段介绍了中泰表演者共同演出的情况，中国队伍教练表示本次活动是中泰表演者互相学习、分享交流的宝贵机会，本段核心围绕双方交流分享感受与技艺展开。 4．根据倒数第二段“A Chinese visitor from Shantou felt warm and familiar when watching the dance, as it reminded him of his hometown’s culture.”可知，这位游客感到温暖和熟悉是因为舞蹈让他想起了家乡的文化。 Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・邢台一模（2045 未来科技预测） 较难 本文通过三位研究者的观点，分别介绍了 2045 年意念控物、新型材料、语音智能操控三大科技发展方向，预测了未来科技对生活的改变。 科技科普类说明文，总分结构，多人物观点分述，有少量科技类拓展词，句式以复合句为主，信息分模块呈现，逻辑清晰。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需区分三位研究者的不同观点，甄别干扰项的人物与观点错位，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北邢台·一模）There is no doubt that the world will be a very different place in 2045. So what’s going to happen then? It’s pretty likely that robots and AI technology will change a lot of industries. Also, self-driving and flying cars will come into our daily life, bringing us much convenience. However, scientists have even bigger ideas. In a video series called Forward to the Future, three researchers predicted (预测) what they imagined would be reality in 2045. Dr Justin Sanchez believes we’ll be at a point where we can control things simply by using our mind. “Imagine a world where you could just use your thoughts to control your environment,” Justin said. According to him, experts are working on certain technologies that can make this happen. They’ve made some progress already. The future has more than just that. “Many other exciting things could change the building and other objects around us,” says Stefanie Tompkins. “We’ll be able to build things that are very strong but also lightweight (轻量型的). We don’t even know the materials around us,” she predicted. Pam Melroy believes we’re going to find that we have a very different relationship with the machines around us. “I think we’ll begin to see a time when we’re able to control a machine just by saying some simple words,” she said. For example, right now to land a plane safely, a pilot has to go through many steps in the right order. But in 2045, in Pam’s words, a pilot may just need to say the words “prepare for landing”. Then the computer knows the steps it needs to take. Or perhaps, with AI, a pilot won’t even be necessary. 1．What will people be able to do according to Dr Justin Sanchez? A．Fly without airplanes. B．Build houses quickly. C．Talk to animals. D．Control things by using their mind. 2．What does Stefanie Tompkins say about future materials? A．They will be very heavy. B．They will be strong and light. C．They will be very cheap. D．They will look like wood. 3．How might pilots control planes in 2045 according to Pam Melroy? A．By writing instructions. B．By using body language. C．By drawing pictures. D．By saying some simple words. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a video series about the future. B．To describe how robots will change the world. C．To share scientists’ predictions about life in 2045. D．To explain how to control machines by using your mind. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了未来可能出现的科技应用、生活变化，以及相关的技术与生活场景预测。 1．原文第三段“Dr Justin Sanchez believes we’ll be at a point where we can control things simply by using our mind.”，Justin Sanchez博士明确提出，未来人们可以仅用意念控制物体。 2．原文第四段“We’ll be able to build things that are very strong but also lightweight”，Stefanie Tompkins预测未来可以造出既坚固又轻量的材料。 3．原文第五段“But in 2045, in Pam’s words, a pilot may just need to say the words ‘prepare for landing’. Then the computer knows the steps it needs to take.”，Pam Melroy认为未来可以通过说简单的话语控制机器，还举例说明飞行员只需要说简单指令就能控制飞机降落。 4．文章开篇引出三位研究者对2045年未来生活的不同预测，随后分别介绍三人的观点，核心目的是分享科学家对2045年生活的预测。 Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（2040 未来生活预测） 较难 本文从健康、交通、娱乐三个维度，介绍了未来学家雷・哈蒙德对 2040 年世界生活的预测，展现了科技对未来生活的全方位改变。 科技科普类说明文，分板块式结构，内容覆盖多个生活领域，有少量科技类专有名词，篇幅较长，信息密度中等。 1 道篇章开篇手法题 + 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，开篇手法题需理解文本的写作逻辑，对文本整体把控能力有要求，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Have you ever heard of futurists? These people’s job is to predict what will happen in the future. Ray Hammond is very famous in Europe for predicting the future. He has been studying, writing and speaking about how future changes will influence society for over 30 years. What does he think our world will be like in 2040? Health We will wear different sensors (传感器). They will check our blood pressure, blood sugar and blood oxygen levels all the time. Thanks to new treatments and medicines, in 2040, many of us will be able to live well beyond 100. People will look young, even if they are already in their nineties. Traffic Most cars will be driving themselves. The only place where we could experience being in control of a car would be a special place for racing. All the cars will run on electricity, so our roads will look and sound very different. As for air travel, we will not see much change. Electric and self-flying planes are probably still in their experimental stages. There will not be many of them. However, we might be able to travel in hyperloops (超高速铁路) at speeds of up to 1,100 km/h. A trip from Shanghai to San Francisco would take only nine hours. Entertainment In 2040, we will spend most of our time in virtual worlds (虚拟世界), whether at work or after work. Instead of looking at a screen, we will experience this as if it were real. We will hardly leave these virtual worlds to meet people in real life. We may even find this activity to be a little strange! 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By telling stories. D．By sharing sayings. 2．What will sensors on our bodies do? A．Help us drive cars. B．Make us look old. C．Check our health. D．Lead to accidents. 3．What can we learn about traffic? A．Cars will be electric. B．Roads will look the same. C．Planes will become cleaner. D．People will travel from Shanghai to San Francisco in three hours. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why futurists are important. B．Life now and life in the past. C．What life will be like in 2040. D．New medicines and technologies. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了未来学家雷·哈蒙德对2040年世界在健康、交通和娱乐等方面的预测。 1．文章第一句以问句“Have you ever heard of futurists?”开篇，随后引出对未来学家雷·哈蒙德的介绍，因此作者是通过提问来开篇的。 2．在“Health”部分，第一点明确指出：“We will wear different sensors. They will check our blood pressure, blood sugar and blood oxygen levels all the time”，说明传感器将用于检测我们的健康状况。 3．在“Traffic”部分，明确指出：“All the cars will run on electricity”，说明未来的汽车将是电动的。 4．全文围绕未来学家对2040年世界的预测展开，分别介绍了健康、交通和娱乐三个方面的未来图景，因此主要内容是“2040年的生活将会是什么样子”。 Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・廊坊一模（AI 在材料挑选中的应用） 困难 本文对比了传统材料挑选方法的弊端，介绍了 AI 在材料挑选中的优势，分析了 AI 技术的现存问题，最终点明 AI 与人类协作才能发挥最大价值。 科技科普类说明文，有专业的工业与 AI 技术内容，逻辑严谨，篇幅较长，长难句较多，信息密度大，贴合河北中考 D 篇文本特征。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道标题选择题，需梳理全文 “传统方法 - 新 AI 方法优势 - AI 现存问题 - 结论” 的完整逻辑，对文本逻辑梳理与信息整合能力要求极高，为最高难度。 （2026·河北廊坊·一模）To make products—like better phone batteries or stronger phone screens—we need to choose the right materials. Before AI, this was slow and wasteful. Scientists used a “try-and-see” way: they tested one mix of materials after another with their hands. For example, if they wanted a new battery material, they might have to try thousands of different mixes. Doing this by hand took years, and most mixes didn’t work. It wasted time, money, and even hard to find resources on materials that were never useful. AI has made this process fast. Instead of guessing, AI uses data (数据) from old experiments (实验) and studies to pick the best materials quickly. Google’s AI team once found 2.2 million new crystal materials (晶体材料) in a short time—something that would take humans hundreds of years. A Chinese research group also used AI to find a key material. This material makes chemical reactions (化学反应) faster, and they found it in a few hours, not years. AI also saves money; it cuts real-world tests from thousands to just a few, so we save time and resources. But AI isn’t perfect. First, it needs good data to work well. If the data used to teach AI is wrong or not enough, the materials AI suggests might not work. Sometimes, AI even picks materials with uncommon or dangerous elements (元素)—these sound good on paper but can’t be used in real products. Second, AI can’t always say why a material works. This makes scientists not sure if the material is really dependable, or if AI just got lucky. And sometimes, AI “invents” materials that already exist, so we waste effort on repeats. AI has made picking materials much faster and cheaper, but it still needs human scientists to check. Only when AI and humans work together can we turn AI’s ideas into real, useful materials for our daily lives. 1．What was bad about the old “try-and-see” way of picking materials? A．It could only be used to find battery materials. B．It took a long time and wasted resources. C．It needed too many expensive machines. D．It could not test uncommon material mixes. 2．How does AI help pick materials? A．It does all real-world tests by itself. B．It invents new elements to make materials. C．It teaches scientists to mix materials by hand. D．It uses past data to find good materials quickly. 3．What is a problem with using AI to pick materials? A．It works too fast for scientists to follow. B．It makes more real-world tests necessary. C．It can only find materials that already exist. D．It needs good data to give dependable results. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．Cause→Effect→Comparison→Story→Advice. B．Example→Rule→Exception→Data→Discussion. C．Old Way→New AI Way (Good Points)→AI’s Problems→Conclusion. D．Introduction→AI’s History→Experiment→Result→Future Plans. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How We Picked Materials in the Past B．How to Save Money on Material Tests C．AI: The Perfect Tool for Picking Materials D．AI Helps Pick Materials: Fast but Not Perfect 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了使用人工智能挑选制造产品材料的优缺点。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Before AI, this was slow and wasteful. Scientists used a “try-and-see” way:”可知，以前人们使用“尝试并观察”挑选材料的方法又慢又浪费。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead of guessing, AI uses data (数据) from old experiments (实验) and studies to pick the best materials quickly.”可知，人工智能利用以往实验和研究中的数据，迅速挑选出最佳材料。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“it needs good data to work well.”可知，使用人工智能挑选材料的一个问题是它需要好的数据才能很好地工作。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。阅读全文可知，第一段介绍了挑选制造产品的旧方法，第二段介绍了使用人工智能挑选材料的诸多好处，第三段介绍了使用人工智能挑选材料的弊端，最后两段对文章进行了总结。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能挑选制造产品材料的优缺点，故选D。 主题03 人与自然（动植物科普、自然现象、生态环保、水资源保护、海洋生态、人与自然和谐共生） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（蜜蜂科普） 容易 本文介绍了蜜蜂的群体分工、工蜂的职责、交流方式，以及蜜蜂数量减少的现状，呼吁人们保护这种有益昆虫。 动植物科普类说明文，篇幅简短，词汇贴合课标，句式以简单句为主，逻辑线性清晰，文末直接点明保护呼吁。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，推理题有原文直接支撑，基础向中等过渡难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）The honeybee is one of the most important and interesting insects in the natural world. Unlike other insects, honeybees live in large groups called colonies. Each group has a queen bee, male bees and thousands of worker bees. They work together in a strict order to keep the colony alive. Worker bees are all female. They do most of the work: looking for food, making honey, building the honeycomb and taking care of the young bees. They fly long distances to collect nectar from different kinds of flowers. During their flight, they also help pollinate plants, which helps flowers and crops grow well. Honeybees communicate with each other by dancing. Different dance shapes show different messages, such as the direction and distance of food. Although they are small, they have a strong sense of smell and sight. In recent years, the number of honeybees has become smaller because of pollution and human activities. Scientists suggest that people should plant more flowers and reduce the use of pesticides to protect these helpful little insects. 1．What do worker bees mainly do? A．Lay eggs. B．Look for food. C．Fight with enemies. D．Keep the queen safe. 2．How do honeybees communicate? A．By making sounds. B．By dancing. C．By smelling. D．By touching. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Ways honeybees communicate. B．Food honeybees like best. C．Different roles of bees. D．How bees make honey. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Honeybees are harmful to crops. B．Protecting honeybees is necessary. C．All bees live alone. D．Honeybees have a short life. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了蜜蜂的群体生活、分工、交流方式以及当前蜜蜂数量减少的现状，呼吁人们保护这种有益昆虫。 1．根据第二段“Worker bees are all female. They do most of the work: looking for food, making honey, building the honeycomb and taking care of the young bees.”可知，工蜂的主要工作包括觅食。 2．根据第三段“Honeybees communicate with each other by dancing.”可知，蜜蜂通过跳舞交流。 3．第三段整段围绕蜜蜂的交流方式展开，介绍了蜜蜂用舞蹈传递信息的特点，核心内容就是蜜蜂的交流方式。 4．根据最后一段“Scientists suggest that people should plant more flowers and reduce the use of pesticides to protect these helpful little insects.”可以推断，保护蜜蜂是很有必要的。 Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（萤火虫科普） 容易 本文介绍了萤火虫的生存环境、发光原理、发光的作用，以及萤火虫数量减少的原因，呼吁人们保护自然、守护小生物。 动植物科普类说明文，语言生动，贴合初中生自然认知，词汇简单，有少量科普类词汇并附解释，无阅读障碍。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，答案均可从原文定位，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Fireflies (萤火虫) are special and magical insects that can make bright light at night, which is one of the most wonderful scenes in summer. Most of them live in warm, wet places with lots of trees, grass and water, such as forests, wetlands and near lakes. You can hardly see them in cold or dry places, because they need a humid environment to survive and reproduce. Their light is soft and yellow-green, flickering gently in the dark night, making summer nights more beautiful and romantic, and attracting many children to chase and watch. Scientists say the light of fireflies is called “cold light”, which is different from the light of lamps or candles. It makes almost no heat, so it is very efficient and will not waste energy. Fireflies do not shine for fun; instead, the light is an important way for them to communicate. They use the light to send messages to each other, usually to find partners to mate. The way they flash the light can be different from one group to another: some flash once every few seconds, while others flash several times in a short time, just like their own “password”. In recent years, fewer and fewer fireflies can be seen in some places. This is mainly because of too much environmental pollution, the loss of their living areas caused by human activities, and the bright light at night that affects their ability to send and receive messages. If we want to keep seeing these magical insects in the future, we should protect nature, reduce pollution, and make the environment clean and safe for all small living things around us. 1．Where do most fireflies live? A．In cold dry places. B．In warm wet places. C．In high snowy mountains. D．In noisy cities. 2．Why do fireflies make light? A．To keep themselves warm. B．To show they are dangerous. C．To send messages to each other. D．To help people see at night. 3．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How fireflies make light and use it. B．When fireflies come out at night. C．What fireflies like to eat every day. D．How long fireflies can live in nature. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Fireflies will disappear soon in the world. B．Protecting nature helps fireflies live better. C．Fireflies’ light is hot and very bright. D．All fireflies flash in the same way. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了萤火虫的生活环境、发光特性、发光的作用以及目前面临的生存问题，呼吁人们保护自然，为萤火虫等小生物创造良好的生存环境。 1．文章第一段指出“Most of them live in warm, wet places with lots of trees, grass and water...”，直接说明了大多数萤火虫生活在温暖潮湿的地方。 2．文章第二段提到“Fireflies do not shine for fun; instead, the light is an important way for them to communicate. They use the light to send messages to each other...”，表明萤火虫发光是为了互相发送信息。 3．文章第二段先说明萤火虫的光是“冷光”，然后阐述它们发光不是为了好玩，而是用于交流，接着具体说明它们如何用光发送信息，所以该段主要讲的是萤火虫如何发光以及如何利用光。 4．文章最后一段提到“If we want to keep seeing these magical insects in the future, we should protect nature, reduce pollution, and make the environment clean and safe for all small living things around us.”，由此可推断出保护自然有助于萤火虫更好地生存。. Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（秋天树叶变色的科学原理） 中等 本文科普了秋天树叶变色的科学原理，介绍了叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素三种色素的作用，以及树叶变色对树木越冬的意义。 自然现象科普类说明文，逻辑严谨，有专业的生物知识并附通俗解释，词汇贴合课标，句式以复合句为主，篇幅适中。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需理解不同色素的作用与变色的科学逻辑，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever wondered why leaves change color in autumn? It’s a magical process that happens every year, and it’s all about science. Leaves contain three main pigments: chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin. Chlorophyll is green and helps plants make food through photosynthesis. It is very sensitive to cold, so when the weather turns cool in autumn, chlorophyll breaks down and disappears. When chlorophyll is gone, the other pigments in the leaves start to show their colors. Carotenoid is yellow or orange, which is why some leaves turn yellow, like maple leaves. Anthocyanin is red or purple, and it forms when the temperature is cool and there is plenty of sunlight. That’s why some leaves turn bright red on sunny autumn days. The amount of each pigment determines the color of the leaves—some leaves are yellow, some are red, and some are a mix of both. Leaves don’t just change color for beauty. The process helps trees save energy for winter. When leaves fall off, trees stop photosynthesis and go into a state of rest. This way, they can survive the cold winter and grow new leaves in spring. Next time you see colorful autumn leaves, you’ll know the amazing science behind them. 1．What is chlorophyll used for in plants? A．Making food B．Changing color C．Saving energy D．Protecting leaves 2．When does anthocyanin form in leaves? A．When it is hot B．When there is little sunlight C．When the weather is cool and sunny D．When chlorophyll is active 3．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Why chlorophyll disappears in autumn B．How leaves get their colors in autumn C．The different pigments in leaves D．The process of photosynthesis 4．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．leaves change color only for beauty B．trees grow new leaves in autumn C．cold weather helps leaves change color D．carotenoid is red or purple 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普类说明文，向读者解释了秋天叶子变色的科学原理，详细介绍了叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素的作用，并阐述了变色对树木越冬的意义。 1．第一段第三句提到：“Chlorophyll is green and helps plants make food through photosynthesis.”。文中明确指出叶绿素的作用是帮助植物通过光合作用制造食物。 2．第二段第三句指出：“…and it forms when the temperature is cool and there is plenty of sunlight.”。文中直接给出了花青素形成的两个条件：凉爽的温度和充足的阳光。 3．第二段提到：“Carotenoid is yellow or orange, which is why some leaves turn yellow…Anthocyanin is red or purple... the amount of each pigment determines the color of the leaves”。该段详细阐述了在叶绿素消失后，不同色素如何导致叶子呈现黄色或红色，即解释了叶子在秋天获得颜色的过程。 4．根据第一段第五句：“It is very sensitive to cold, so when the weather turns cool in autumn, chlorophyll breaks down and disappears.”，以及第二段第一句：“When chlorophyll is gone, the other pigments in the leaves start to show their colors.”。由此可以推断出，是寒凉的天气诱发了叶绿素的分解，从而促使叶子发生变色。 Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（水资源保护） 中等 本文阐述了水资源对地球所有生物的重要性，指出了当前水资源浪费与污染的问题，呼吁人们节约用水、保护水资源。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，贴合新课标绿色发展主题要求，词汇生活化，句式以复合句为主，有明确的价值导向。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需梳理水资源问题的成因与危害，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Water is the most important resource on the Earth. All living things depend on water to stay alive. People, animals and plants can hardly live for long without clean and fresh water. We use water almost everywhere and every minute in our daily life. We drink water when we are thirsty to keep our bodies working well. We use it to cook meals, wash clothes, clean rooms and take showers. Farmers need plenty of clean water to grow vegetables, rice and other crops. Workers use water in factories to produce food, clothes and daily things. Even small insects and wild animals look for clean water in rivers and lakes to survive. However, many people still waste a lot of water in their daily life. They often leave the water running while brushing teeth or washing hands. What’s worse, some factories pour dirty and harmful water directly into rivers, making the water seriously polluted. As a result, fresh clean water is becoming less and less on the Earth. It is high time for us to save and protect every drop of water. We can turn off the tap in time and collect rainwater to water flowers. We should also stop polluting rivers and lakes. Saving water is saving our own life.  Everyone should take action and make it a lifelong habit. 1．What do farmers need water to do? A．Make products. B．Grow crops. C．Clean houses. D．Cook meals. 2．What makes fresh water become less according to the passage? A．Wasting and polluting water. B．Drinking too much water. C．Growing too many plants. D．Building more factories. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Ways to use water. B．Problems of water. C．Importance of water. D．Ways to save water. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．We can live without water for many days. B．Protecting water is very necessary for us. C．All animals get clean water easily. D．People don’t need to collect rainwater. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了水对地球上所有生物的重要性，列举了水在日常生活、农业、工业等方面的用途，并指出当前存在的水资源浪费与污染问题，最后呼吁人们节约用水、保护水资源。 1．根据原文第二段“Farmers need plenty of clean water to grow vegetables, rice and other crops.”可知，农民用水是为了种植庄稼。 2．根据原文第三段“However, many people still waste a lot of water... What’s worse, some factories pour dirty and harmful water directly into rivers, making the water seriously polluted. As a result, fresh clean water is becoming less and less on the Earth.”可知，浪费水和水污染是导致淡水减少的原因。 3．第三段先提到人们日常浪费水的行为，再说明工厂排污导致水污染，最后指出淡水越来越少，整体围绕水资源面临的问题展开。 4．根据原文最后一段“It is high time for us to save and protect every drop of water... Saving water is saving our own life.”可推知，保护水资源对我们来说非常必要。A选项与原文“All living things depend on water to stay alive”矛盾；C选项与原文“Even small insects and wild animals look for clean water”暗示的“并非所有动物都能轻易获得干净水”不符；D选项与原文“collect rainwater to water flowers”矛盾。 Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（植物的交流与自我保护） 中等 本文科普了植物通过释放化学物质进行交流、预警周边同类，以及多种聪明的生长与自我保护方式，点明了了解植物对保护自然的意义。 动植物科普类说明文，有科学实验支撑，内容新奇有趣，贴合初中生自然探索需求，词汇贴合课标，有少量科普类拓展词。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需理解植物交流与自我保护的不同方式，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Plants are one of the most important parts of nature. They provide food for humans and animals, produce clean oxygen for us to breathe, and make the Earth look green and beautiful. However, most people never realize that plants have their own way to “talk” and protect themselves. When a plant is hurt or eaten by insects, it sends out special chemicals into the air. These chemicals work as warning signals. Other plants nearby can receive these signals through the air. As soon as they get the message, they will produce special smells or small poisons to keep insects away. In this way, plants help each other stay safe. Scientists have done many experiments to study this amazing ability. In one test, two groups of plants were put in a room. The first group was eaten by insects, while the second was not. Soon the second group also started to protect itself, which proved that plants can truly communicate. Besides communicating, plants grow in smart ways. Most grow towards sunlight to make more food through photosynthesis. Some grow long deep roots to get water and nutrition from the earth. Others have hard leaves or thorns to stop animals from eating them. Understanding plants helps us know more about nature. If we learn their living rules well, we can grow better crops, protect the environment and live in more harmony with nature. 1．What can plants do for people? A．Give out light. B．Provide clean oxygen. C．Carry heavy things. D．Make warm clothes. 2．What will plants do when they get warning messages? A．They will stop growing. B．They will turn yellow soon. C．They will keep insects away. D．They will move to other places. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How plants grow and get resources. B．How scientists study insects. C．How people protect plants. D．How plants make food for animals. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Plants can talk like humans. B．Knowing plants helps us protect nature. C．All plants have deep roots. D．Insects help plants grow well. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了植物不为人知的生存智慧：植物拥有特殊的交流能力，被虫害伤害后会释放化学信号预警周边植物，共同抵御虫害；除此之外植物还会用多种聪明的方式适应环境、获取生存资源，文末点明了解植物对人类发展农业和自然和谐共处的重要价值。 1．定位原文第一段第二句：They provide food for…and beautiful. 原文明确提到植物为人类提供清洁氧气，其余选项原文均未提及。 2．定位原文第二段：As soon as they…insects away. 原文明确说明，植物收到警示信息后，会释放特殊气味或毒素来驱赶昆虫，对应C选项，其余选项原文未提及。 3．第四段开头总起点明主题，后文分别介绍了：植物向光生长合成养分、部分植物长出深根获取水分营养、部分植物长硬叶或尖刺防御天敌，整段都围绕植物的生长方式和资源获取方法展开，只有A选项符合段落大意。 4．最后一段指出：“Understanding plants helps us know more about nature…protect the environment…”，说明了解植物有助于保护自然。 Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（植物的重要性与保护） 中等 本文阐述了植物对地球生物的重要价值，指出了当前植物面临的生存威胁，介绍了人类保护植物的多种措施，呼吁人人参与植物保护。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，内容覆盖植物价值、现存问题、保护措施，逻辑完整，贴合新课标生态保护主题要求。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道推理判断题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题有明确的语境支撑，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Plants are very important for all living things on the earth. Life could not go on well if there were no plants around us. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight through a special process. Animals and humans cannot make food in this way, so they have to depend on plants directly or indirectly. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals that feed on plants. Humans get meat, vegetables, fruit and many other daily foods from plants, too. Besides providing food, plants also help keep the air clean and fresh. They take in carbon dioxide that humans and animals breathe out and produce enough oxygen for us to breathe every day. However, every year, people cut down millions of trees for wood or land, and some even destroy forests for farming. This makes the air dirtier, the weather warmer and the whole environment worse. To solve these problems, many countries make strict laws to stop cutting down young trees and protect forests. Some people set up special nature parks to save rare plants that are in danger of disappearing. Students can also help a lot by planting trees on hills, saving paper in daily life and telling others the importance of plants. The pollution around us is becoming more serious, but small and kind actions can still make a big difference. If everyone tries to love, care for and protect plants, our earth will certainly become greener and more beautiful for everyone to live in. 1．How do animals get their food? A．By making food from sunlight. B．By eating plants and other animals. C．By taking in clean air. D．By drinking enough water. 2．What do plants provide for us according to the passage? A．Food and oxygen. B．Carbon dioxide. C．Paper and wood. D．Warmth and sunlight. 3．What does the underlined word “rare” mean? A．not found in many places. B．very large in size. C．growing very fast. D．dangerous to people. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Plants are not important to humans. B．Cutting down trees is good for the air. C．Everyone can do something to protect plants. D．Laws cannot help protect plants at all. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Planting Trees B．Importance and Protection of Plants C．Different Kinds of Plants D．Air Pollution Around Us 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】文章介绍了植物对地球所有生物的重要性，以及当前植物面临的威胁和人们为保护植物所采取的措施。 1．第二段“Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals that feed on plants.”表明动物通过吃植物，或吃以植物为食的其他动物获取食物。 2．第二段“Besides providing food, plants also help keep the air clean and fresh. They take in carbon dioxide that humans and animals breathe out and produce enough oxygen for us to breathe every day.”文中提到植物能提供食物，同时产生氧气，对应选项A。 3．第四段“Some people set up special nature parks to save rare plants that are in danger of disappearing.”中“rare plants”指濒临消失的植物，“rare”意为“稀有的；不常见的”，即 “not found in many places”，对应选项A。 4．第四段“Students can also help a lot by planting trees on hills…become greener and more beautiful for everyone to live in.”提到学生可以通过多种方式帮助保护植物，且强调每个人的行动都能带来改变。 5．文章前两段讲植物的重要性，后两段讲植物面临的问题及保护措施，核心主题是“植物的重要性与保护”，对应选项B。 Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（观鸟对大脑的益处） 较难 本文通过加拿大科学家的对照实验，介绍了观鸟对延缓大脑衰老、提升专注力与记忆力的积极作用，同时阐述了观鸟对身心、社交、环保意识的多重益处。 科普研究类说明文，有专业的脑科学对照实验支撑，逻辑严谨，篇幅适中，句式以复合句为主，贴合新课标科学探究主题要求。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道文章出处推理题，需精准理解实验的对照设计与结论，深层解读观鸟的多重益处，对文本信息整合能力要求高，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模）If you look up in a forest, you may notice something really interesting: the tops of trees don’t actually touch each other. There are little gaps (缝隙) between them, and you can even see the sky through these breaks. This is called “crown shyness (树冠羞避)”. Meg Lowman, a tree expert, explains that it’s a tree’s method to stay healthy. Trees are always fighting with each other for sunlight and water. By keeping a certain distance from each other, they reduce the chance of losing leaves when they brush against neighbouring trees. Leaves are very important, as they help trees get sunlight and water. Also, just as we stay away from sick people, trees keep their leaves from touching other trees. This helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading. “Tree diseases can come from insects or even be the insects themselves,” Lowman says. “Trees separate themselves from others like we do when we keep our distance from sick people.” Crown shyness happens mostly in tropical (热带的) trees, but the lessons are also true for other trees. Trees with more space grow bigger and stronger. Lowman says we should take good care of trees, just as we take care of rose gardens. Healthy trees give us better shade, and they clean water better. “The healthier the forest is, the more benefits humans will get,” says Lowman. “When a tree gets sick, don’t just cut it down. Trees sustain many living things like insects and birds: insects feed on tree leaves, and birds build nests in tree branches,” the expert adds. So next time you see trees, remember: they teach us to be good neighbors. After all, sharing space wisely keeps everyone healthy, whether you’re a tree or a human! 1．What is “crown shyness”? A．A method of reducing leaves. B．A phenomenon where trees maintain gaps. C．A tree disease caused by insects. D．A tip to help us take care of trees. 2．Which paragraph shows why “crown shyness” appears? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” mean? sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. ①to experience something bad ②to support a weight without breaking or falling ③to make something continue for some time without becoming less ④to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in order to live A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．Which of the following is an opinion according to the text? A．Trees with more space grow better than others. B．Healthy trees can offer people better shade. C．It is necessary for us to keep a proper distance from others. D．Even a sick tree can support many living things. 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A movie introduction. B．A science fiction novel. C．A travel guide. D．A nature magazine. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了一种有趣的自然现象——树冠羞避，解释了该现象出现的原因、主要发生的树种，以及树木带给人类的启示，强调了保护树木的重要性。 1．第一段指出树冠羞避的定义：“If you look up in a forest, you may notice something really interesting: the tops of trees don’t actually touch each other. There are little gaps between them… This is called ‘crown shyness’.”，说明树冠羞避是树木顶部保持缝隙、互不接触的一种现象。 2．第二段说明原因：“Trees are always fighting with each other for sunlight and water. By keeping a certain distance from each other, they reduce the chance of losing leaves when they brush against neighbouring trees.”以及“This helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading.”，即树木为了争夺阳光和水，保持距离减少叶子摩擦掉落，还能阻止有害昆虫和疾病传播，所以出现了“树冠羞避”。 3．第三段划线词所在句子：“Trees sustain many living things like insects and birds: insects feed on tree leaves, and birds build nests in tree branches”，结合后文解释，昆虫以树叶为食、鸟类在树枝筑巢，说明树木为这些生物提供生存所需，对应sustain的第④种释义“为某人/某物提供生存所需的足够东西”。 4．第四段表明观点：“So next time you see trees, remember: they teach us to be good neighbors. After all, sharing space wisely keeps everyone healthy, whether you’re a tree or a human!”，即我们有必要和别人保持适当距离，这是一种观点。 5．本文主要介绍自然现象“树冠羞避”，涉及树木的生长习性、自然启示，属于自然科普类内容，最可能来自自然杂志。. Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（树冠羞避自然现象） 较难 本文介绍了 “树冠羞避” 这一有趣的自然现象，解释了现象出现的原因，以及树木带给人类的人际交往启示，强调了保护树木的重要性。 自然科普类说明文，有树木专家的专业观点支撑，逻辑层层递进，从现象到原理再到启示，句式以复合句为主，篇幅较长。 1 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道观点判断题 + 1 道文章出处题，需深层理解现象背后的原理与文本的核心观点，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）In order to protect the environment, it is very important to learn about the environment. There are many ways to understand how to protect the environment, such as reading books, asking someone and so on. As students, you can read as many books as you can in your spare time. Books in the library are worth reading. They will help you learn more about protecting the environment. You can also get information about the environment on the internet. Besides, I have some suggestions for you. First, we should use energy-saving products. Some products like environment-friendly new energy cars are made specially to save energy. These cars can travel longer than common ones. They produce less pollution, too. Some new products like computers and TVs are made to save energy in efficient ways. Also, we should turn off the lights, the TV, the computer and so on when we don't use them. Second, we should buy recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products usually take less energy. When we go shopping, we should pay attention to the recycle mark on the products. Finally, we should save energy by carpooling in our daily life. For example, three or four persons can drive together in one car instead of driving three or four cars to work. Usually it is time-saving and easy to carpool with neighbors to go to work or take children to school. 1．How can students learn more about environmental protection? A．By producing less pollution. B．By buying recyclable products. C．By using energy-saving products. D．By searching online and reading books. 2．Why does the writer suggest using energy-saving products? A．Because they are more fashionable. B．Because they are cheaper than common ones. C．Because they last longer than ordinary ones. D．Because they produce less pollution and save energy. 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Choosing recyclable products. B．Using energy-saving products. C．Taking energy-saving transportation. D．Learning about environmental protection. 4．What does the underlined word “carpooling” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Buying a car together. B．Driving different cars. C．Sharing a car with others. D．Taking turns to repair a car. 5．What's the best title for the text? A．Some Methods for Recycling Products B．Some Suggestions on Reading C．Some Ways of Protecting the Environment D．Some Problems about Environmental Pollution 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保护环境的重要性，并给出了具体的建议，如阅读书籍、使用节能产品、选择可回收产品以及拼车出行等，旨在引导学生通过实际行动保护环境。 1．根据第一段中“As students, you can read as many books as you can... You can also get information about the environment on the internet.”可知，学生可以通过读书和上网搜索来获取环保信息。 2．根据第二段中“Some products like environment-friendly new energy cars... They produce less pollution, too.”以及“...made to save energy in efficient ways”可知，使用节能产品既能节约能源，又能减少污染。 3．第三段第一句“Second, we should buy recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones.”是该段的主题句，整段都在围绕“选择可回收产品”展开论述。 4．根据第四段中“...three or four persons can drive together in one car instead of driving three or four cars to work.”可知，carpooling指的是多人共用一辆车出行。 5．本文开篇点题“In order to protect the environment, it is very important to learn about the environment.”，随后给出了三条具体的建议（使用节能产品、购买可回收产品、拼车），旨在介绍保护环境的方法。 Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（环境保护的方法） 较难 本文介绍了了解环保知识的途径，并从使用节能产品、选择可回收产品、拼车出行三个方面给出了保护环境的具体行动建议。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，分点式给出行动建议，贴合新课标劳动教育与环保主题要求，词汇贴合课标，篇幅较长，信息分模块呈现。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需整合不同环保措施的核心内容，甄别干扰项的细节错位，较难难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Nowadays, more and more people enjoy riding bikes in their free time. Riding bikes is not only a fun and relaxing sport but also a green and healthy way to travel around. It brings many clear advantages to our personal life and the whole environment. First, riding bikes produces no air pollution at all. It helps make the air fresher and cleaner in cities. Unlike cars and buses, bikes burn no oil and send out no harmful smoke or gas. Second, it is really good for our physical health. When we ride, we exercise our legs, heart and body balance. It can make us stronger, more active and full of energy every day. Third, it helps us save much money. We don’t need to pay for gas, parking fees or expensive traffic tickets. To encourage more people to ride bikes, many cities are building special and safe bike lanes. More w$ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我（身心健康、学习方法、情绪管理、自我认知、品格塑造、生活技能、行为习惯养成） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（家庭应急包制作指南） 容易 本文介绍了家庭应急包的必备物品、存放位置、维护方法与使用练习，指导读者制作应急包应对突发灾害。 生活实用类说明文，分点式结构清晰，词汇生活化，句式以简单句为主，无复杂逻辑，完全贴合初中生生活场景。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，答案均可从原文单句直接定位，无拔高考点，为基础入门难度，匹配河北中考 A 篇阅读难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Be Ready at Home! Bad weather like strong winds or earthquakes can happen. Be ready! A good emergency kit (应急包) helps you and your family stay safe. Here’s how to build yours: What to put inside your kit: Water: Pack at least 3 bottles of water per person. Check the dates and change them every 6 months. Food: Choose canned food, dried fruit or biscuits. Remember a can opener! Change food once a year. First-aid kit: Get a basic first-aid kit. Include bandages, tape and pain pills. Check it every 3 months. Light and power: Pack a strong flashlight and extra batteries (电池). A battery-powered radio helps you hear news updates. Check batteries every 6 months. Important information: Keep copies of ID cards, health information and emergency phone numbers (110, 119) in a plastic bag. Whistle (口哨). A loud whistle helps rescuers (救援人员) find you if you need help. Other things: Add a warm blanket, a dust mask, tissues, a pen and notebook and some cash. Keep your kit ready: Find a good place: Keep your kit somewhere easy to reach, like under your bed or in a closet (壁橱). Everyone should know where it is! Check often! Look at your kit every 3 to 6 months. Make sure medicines and flashlights still work. Practice! Once in a while, practice finding your kit in the dark or show your family what’s inside. Don’t wait! Start building your emergency kit TODAY. 1．How often do you change food? A．Twice a month. B．Every 3 months. C．Every 6 months. D．Once a year. 2．Where should you keep your important information? A．On the bed. B．On the floor. C．In the kitchen. D．In a plastic bag. 3．What is the purpose of the article? A．To tell stories about past events. B．To explain how food and water are made. C．To teach people how to build an emergency kit. D．To show how to use medical tools during emergencies. Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（快餐健康吃法） 容易 本文针对快餐店健康点餐给出了多项实用建议，帮助读者在吃快餐时做出更健康的饮食选择。 生活实用类说明文，总分总结构，分点给出建议，词汇贴合课标，篇幅简短，无生僻词与长难句。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，主旨题有原文核心句直接支撑，无深层推理要求，基础难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Fast food is popular among many people today. Although it is well-known that fast food is not healthy, a growing number of fast food restaurants now offer healthier dishes. This allows customers to make better choices. If you want to eat healthily at a fast food restaurant, here are some useful tips. Firstly, avoid ordering the largest size. It may seem like a better deal, but it is worse for your health because it contains (包含) the most fat and sugar. In most cases, a smaller size is enough for you. Secondly, many drinks have too much sugar. Instead of soda (苏打水), it is wiser to choose milk or water. Thirdly, fried food is usually not a good choice. You’d better go for baked food, which is healthier. Another suggestion is to order from the kids’ menu. The portions (份量) are smaller, so you can control how much you eat. Also, you can eat only half of your meal and take the rest home. Nowadays, more fast food restaurants are serving healthier choices. Look for words like “healthy” or “light” on the menu. With smart choices, eating fast food doesn’t have to be so bad. 1．According to the passage, what is a problem with the largest size? A．It costs too much. B．It is not popular. C．It has the most fat and sugar. D．It is too small. 2．Why does the writer suggest ordering from the kids’ menu? A．It tastes better. B．It is cheaper than other menus. C．It helps people eat less. D．It is cooked differently. 3．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Ways to eat fast food healthily. B．Fast food is bad for our health. C．Many kids like fast food. D．How to open fast food restaurants. Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（海报制作技巧） 容易 本文从受众定位、信息呈现、提纲撰写、色彩搭配四个方面，给出了制作优质海报的实用技巧。 方法指南类说明文，分点式结构，逻辑线性清晰，词汇贴合校园生活，句式以简单句为主，无复杂表达。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，答案可从原文对应板块直接定位，干扰项设置简单，基础难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Whether you are setting up a club or organizing a volunteer activity, creating a poster can be useful and fun. But do you know how to make a poster? Here are some tips for you. ※ Know your poster’s readers If you don’t know who you’re designing for, your design won’t achieve the result you expect. Before you start to design a poster, the first step is to know your poster’s readers. Take a moment to think about who your ideal readers are, and what their needs, challenges, and pain points are. ※ Present the key information A picture, as they say, is worth a thousand words. Your design doesn’t need a lot of text to say something. Less is often more when it comes to posters. Put the important messages in the center of the poster. You can also highlight (突出) them so that readers can understand the key points at a glance. ※ Write an outline (提纲) You need to write an outline before you make a poster. Consider the information you need to include. It usually includes a title, the purpose, the event date, the event place and how to join. List the steps as clearly as possible so that you can be organized when designing the poster. ※ Choose your colors Your choice of colors is probably the first thing your readers will notice about your poster, so it’s important to get it right. One method we suggest using is the 60-30-10 color rule. Your main color should take up 60 percent of your poster design, while the other two colors can take up 30 and 10 percent. Now you can start creating your own poster! 1．What should you do before designing a poster? A．Decide where to put your poster. B．Consider the readers of your poster. C．Discuss the outline with your partner. D．Think about a clear call to action. 2．What can we know about the information on a poster? A．The more information, the better. B．It should be clear and brief. C．It should include enough facts and numbers. D．It should contain plenty of detailed facts. 3．According to the text, how will you choose the colors of the poster? A．The main color:70%, the other colors:30%. B．The main color:60%, the other colors:40%. C．The main color:50%, the other colors:50%. D．The main color:40%, the other colors:60%. 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Explain what a good poster is. B．Show why posters are important in life. C．Tell us about different kinds of posters. D．Give advice on how to make a good poster. Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・张家口一模（应对压力的方法） 中等 本文介绍了微笑、运动、倾诉、积极选择、培养爱好五种应对压力的实用方法，帮助读者缓解压力。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，分点介绍方法，词汇贴合初中生心理成长需求，有少量复合句，文末直接点明主旨。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道句子还原题 + 1 道主旨大意题，句子还原题需结合段落语境判断，有基础语境推理要求，中等难度。 （2026·河北张家口·一模）When was the last time you felt stressed? What did you do about it? Stress is the feeling you get when you’re under pressure. So, what can you do about stress? Here are some ways to help. Smile. Surprisingly, your body can change your mind. Even if you aren’t happy, try smiling—it can actually help. It tells your brain that you’re okay, and that can make you feel better. Next time you’re stressed, just smile for 10 minutes. (1) Exercise. When you exercise, it helps you stop thinking about your worries and feel less stressed. (2) Just do something active, like swimming or going to the gym. Share it. Don’t keep your problems to yourself. First, chat with your good friends about what’s worrying you. Then, try to find something funny in the situation and laugh together. It really helps! Make positive choices. Read books that make you feel good and spend time with people you enjoy being with. Avoid spending too much time on social media or watching TV. (3) Take up a hobby. Find time for a hobby you enjoy. It could be gardening, dancing, fixing things, or anything you like. (4) Choose an activity that you decide on and can do at your own pace (节奏). This helps a lot with stress. 1．What can tell your brain that you are okay? A．Smiling. B．Exercise. C．Sharing. D．Hobby. 2．What does the writer suggest you do with your problems? A．Spend time on social media. B．Share and laugh with friends. C．Keep the problems to ourselves. D．Think deeply and find out the reasons. 3．Where can you put the sentence “Always stay away from negative people.”? A．(1) B．(2) C．(3) D．(4) 4．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To let us stick to our dreams. B．To help us find ourselves. C．To tell us how to deal with stress. D．To encourage us to take up a hobby. Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（步行运动的益处） 中等 本文介绍了步行运动的优势、让步行更愉悦的方法、注意事项，以及步行带来的身心双重益处。 健康生活类说明文，总分总结构，段落主题明确，词汇生活化，有少量复合句，贴合初中生日常运动场景。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，段落主旨题需概括段落核心，推理题有原文情节直接支撑，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Walking is one of the easiest and healthiest ways for us to exercise. It needs no special tools, no big places and costs nothing at all. More and more people choose walking to keep healthy in their busy daily life, especially students and office workers. Daily walking helps our hearts work better and improves blood flow around the body. It also helps us relax our mind and body after a long day of study or work, making us feel less tired and stressed. Unlike some other kinds of intense exercise, walking hardly causes harm to our legs or feet, so it is very safe. People of almost all ages, from young kids to the elderly, can do it properly without much risk. To make walking more enjoyable, different people have their own ways. Some like to walk with friends or family members, chatting happily along the way. Others enjoy listening to light music or English news while walking. It is widely suggested to walk for about 30 minutes a day, four to five times a week to keep fit. Wearing comfortable and soft shoes is also very important to protect our feet from being hurt. Walking is not just simple exercise. It helps us slow down and enjoy the world around us. We can notice beautiful flowers, green trees, lovely birds and gentle wind on the way. It makes our life more colorful, relaxing and meaningful, bringing both physical health and mental peace. 1．What is the advantage of walking? A．It needs expensive tools B．It is easy and safe C．It takes much time D．It is difficult for old people 2．What should people wear when walking? A．Warm coats B．New hats C．Comfortable shoes D．Sports uniforms 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．How to make walking more pleasant B．When to walk every day C．Why people like walking D．Where to go walking 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Walking helps people feel relaxed B．Walking is popular only with young people C．All people walk with friends D．Walking can cure serious illnesses Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（化学学习方法） 中等 本文分析了化学学科被认为难学的原因，并从按时上课、理解概念、关注生活化学、主动提问四个方面给出了学习建议。 学科学习方法类说明文，贴合初中生学科学习需求，总分总结构，词汇贴合课标，有少量学科专用词汇并附中文注释，无阅读障碍。 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道细节理解题 + 1 道观点推理题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需区分不同学习方法的核心内容，甄别干扰项的细节错位，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Chemistry is usually thought to be more difficult than other subjects, at least for the beginners. There are some reasons for this idea. For one thing, chemistry has a very specialized vocabulary (学科专用词汇). At first, studying chemistry is like learning a new language. Also, some concepts (概念) of chemistry are hard to understand. However, with hard work and careful study, you can finish this subject successfully—and even enjoy it. Here are some suggestions to help you. Firstly, attend classes on time. Listen to your teacher and take careful notes in class. If possible, always review the topics you learn in class, and review your notes on the same day. Secondly, think carefully whether you really understand the meaning of a term or the use of an equation (方程式). A good way to test your understanding is to explain a concept to a classmate or someone else. Thirdly, pay attention to things which have something to do with chemistry in life. Watch or do experiments in class carefully. Fourthly, question often and do not be afraid to ask your teacher or classmates for help. You will find that chemistry is much more than numbers, formulas (公式) and equations. It’s often used in daily life just like math and physics. Once you fall in love with it, you’ll get lots of fun. 1．How does the writer develop the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling a story. C．By asking some questions. D．By giving some advice. 2．Which is a good way to test your understanding of the formula “H₂CO₃”? A．To read it aloud in class. B．To write it on the blackboard. C．To explain it to someone else. D．To ask others the meaning of it. 3．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Chemistry is more often used than physics. B．Chemistry is usually thought to be easy. C．Some concepts of chemistry are hard to understand. D．Studying chemistry is like learning our mother language. 4．What is the writer mainly trying to do in the text? A．Describe the importance of chemistry. B．Tell us some skills to learn chemistry. C．Teach us some chemistry formulas. D．Help us remember some chemistry concepts. Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（愤怒情绪管理） 中等 本文针对如何处理愤怒情绪给出了多项建议，包括接纳情绪、深呼吸释放、寻求第三方帮助，点明了管理好愤怒的重要性。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有细腻的情绪引导内容，词汇贴合初中生心理成长，有少量复合句。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题 + 1 道篇章结构题，结构题需梳理全文 “总 - 分 - 总” 的逻辑，中等难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third person is helpful. It is hard for the two persons in anger to understand each other, but the idea of a third person can help both of them to understand each other. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to manage it well adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 1．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To accept useful suggestions. B．To show different ideas. C．To look for something in common. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 2．What does the writer advise us to do when we are very angry? A．Control our voices. B．Say angry words. C．Try taking a deep breath. D．Stop talking with others. 3．What is the writer trying to tell us? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（英语口语自然表达技巧） 中等 本文从语法学习、口语缩写、填充词使用、简短回答、听力模仿五个方面，给出了让英语口语表达更自然的实用技巧。 英语学习方法类说明文，贴合初中生口语学习需求，总分总结构，有少量口语化专业表达并附解释，逻辑清晰。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需精准定位不同技巧的核心内容，干扰项有与原文相反的表述，中等难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模）When you speak English, you may want to sound more like a real English speaker. So how can you make your speech sound more natural? First of all, you need to learn grammar. If your grammar is wrong, it can be hard for people to understand you. But this doesn’t mean you have to speak like someone in a book! In fact, sometimes you should do the opposite! People who speak English every day often talk in a more relaxed way. For example, they use contractions. A contraction is formed when you put two words together, like “can’t” instead of “cannot”, or “won’t” instead of “will not”. They also say things like “gonna” for “going to” and “gotta” for “get to”. These words sound more natural when people speak, but we don’t usually write them. People also use filler words. These are words like “um”, “so” or “you know”. They help fill the space while you think about what to say next. For example, someone might say. “So, I was thinking. um…Are you doing anything later?” It’s really important to use filler words—but not too often! And while you might have learned in school to answer a question in full sentences, it’s not something you need to do when talking with friends. It’s okay to give short answers. Of course, learning to speak naturally takes time. A great way to learn is by listening to people who speak English, like in movies or on the internet. Try to copy how they talk. Just keep practicing—you’ll get better every day! 1．Which of the following is a contraction? A．Gonna. B．Um. C．Cannot. D．So. 2．Why do people use filler words when talking? A．To fill the space while they think about what to say next. B．To make their sentences sound more polite. C．To show they are interested in what others say. D．To tell others they feel relaxed when talking with them. 3．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with? A．Use filler words as often as possible when speaking. B．Answer questions in full sentences all the time when speaking. C．Always speak like someone in a book to make yourself understood. D．Watching how people talk in movies can help us speak naturally. 4．What is the writer trying to do in the text? A．Explain why English grammar is difficult. B．Give advice on speaking English more naturally. C．Show us the importance of speaking in learning English. D．Tell us the difference between spoken English and written English. Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・保定一模（快乐火花 / 小确幸） 中等 本文介绍了 “快乐火花” 的概念，阐述了生活中小确幸对身心健康的积极作用，并给出了寻找日常快乐火花的方法。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有专家观点与理论支撑，词汇贴合初中生认知，有少量抽象情感类词汇，文末有价值升华。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道推理判断题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题需结合语境推断，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北保定·一模）Do you remember the last thing that made you smile? Finding small happy moments can brighten your day and help you face hard times. These little moments are what we call sparks (火花) of joy. Sparks of joy are the tiny things that make you smile and feel good inside, like listening to your favourite song or sharing a funny joke with a friend. So finding sparks of joy can lift your mood (心情). However, even the excitement of winning disappears quickly, because people return to their usual level of happiness after good or bad events. Luckily, happiness expert Pam Ramsay says these sparks are everywhere if you look for them. “Focus on what’s good, what makes us smile,” she says. Happiness benefits both your body and your brain, and small moments of joy play a big role in this. When you feel happy, you get more energy to stay active, and this lifts your mood even more. Scientists note that happiness reduces stress and strengthens the immune system (免疫系统) to help fight diseases. Even tiny sparks of joy can make a big difference, as they train your brain to notice positive things. Author Emily Coxhead explains: “It not only improves our daily lives and the lives of people around us, but also helps us deal with difficulties, making us stronger.” No one is happy all the time, but you can cheer yourself up by finding these sparks when you need to. Make a list of happy things, like sitting comfortably on the sofa and watching a film. You can also make a happy jar: write down every small happy moment on paper and put it in the jar. After a few days, you’ll see how many good things there are in your life. What’s more, getting enough sleep helps your brain hold onto happy memories. So turn off screens and read or draw to relax before bed. 1．What can small happy moments help people do according to the passage? A．Face hard times. B．Keep a good habit. C．Win a big prize. D．Make more friends. 2．Why doesn’t the excitement of winning last long? A．Winning cannot make people really happy. B．Friends will share their happiness with them. C．People’s moods change from time to time. D．People will return to their usual level of happiness. 3．What does the underlined word “strengthens” probably mean? A．Improves. B．Reduces. C．Prevents. D．Changes. 4．What can we infer about sparks of joy from Emily Coxhead’s words? A．They make people forget bad things. B．They help people get over difficult things. C．They bring more unusual good chances. D．They teach people to solve all the problems. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Methods to find a happy jar in life. B．Ways to get enough sleep every day. C．Small happy moments in daily life. D．Big exciting events in our daily life. Passage 10 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（责任感的培养） 较难 本文阐述了有责任感的人的行为表现，介绍了培养责任感的核心方法，点明了责任感是一种优秀的个人品质。 品格塑造类说明文，总分总结构，有心理学专家观点支撑，句式以复合句为主，有少量抽象概念类词汇，对文本理解能力有一定要求。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道观点推理题 + 1 道标题选择题，题型覆盖全面，需深层理解文本核心观点，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Have you ever heard someone say you are responsible? Being responsible is a good quality. Studies have found that responsible people can do well in their work and get on well with other people. Being responsible means wanting to do your work or your duty well. When you do something, you want to do it to the best of your ability. It also means not giving up when things get hard and doing tasks without being asked. You can be trusted easily because you follow the rules, do your homework early and to the highest standard you can. No matter how hard the tasks are, you stick to them responsibly and carefully. You might help others without being asked. You can learn to be responsible. Carrying on with tasks and staying active when things get hard is a key part of being responsible. It can be tricky, but there are ways to make it easier. “Sticking to things doesn’t mean working non-stop. It means finding ways to keep moving forward, even if it’s a small step at a time,” says Laura Gwilt, an expert in how people think, feel and behave. When something gets difficult, it’s important to fight the thought of stopping. “When you continue instead of giving up, you show yourself that working hard matters as much as the final result,” says Gwilt. In order to be more responsible, another step you can take is to stick to the plans that you make. If you have planned to go to a new club or to do your homework when you get home, make it happen. Keeping your plans shows your friends, family and teachers that you are responsible. 1．What have studies found out about responsible people? A．They do their work quickly. B．They like making plans. C．They get on well with others. D．They are asked to be the best. 2．What do responsible people do when doing hard tasks according to the text? A．Try something easier. B．Stick to the tasks. C．Give up without trying. D．Ask others for help. 3．What does the underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Dangerous. B．Boring. C．Crazy. D．Difficult. 4．Which of the following may Gwilt agree with? A．Everyone should think twice before taking action. B．Trying is more important than results. C．You can make progress step by step. D．Working without stopping is important. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Being a Responsible Person B．Keeping Important Plans C．Developing Good Qualities D．Finishing Difficult Homework Passage 11 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（保持健康的方法） 较难 本文阐述了健康的重要性，从规律作息、均衡饮食、规律运动、心理健康四个方面给出了保持健康的具体建议，分享了个人健康计划。 健康生活类说明文，总分总结构，段落层次丰富，有多个维度的建议内容，句式以复合句为主，篇幅较长，信息密度中等。 1 道句意推理题 + 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，句意推理题需结合上下文语境理解，对信息整合能力有要求，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）We often hear that “health is wealth (财富),” and it is really true. As we all know, health is the most important thing for us. Without good health, it is difficult to enjoy life, study effectively, or achieve our goals. Therefore, it is truly time for us to do something actively to keep ourselves healthy. Firstly, developing a regular daily routine (日常作息) is very helpful. It is good for us to go to bed early and get up early. Enough sleep allows our body and mind to rest well, making us energetic for the next day. Secondly, we need to pay attention to what we eat. Having a balanced diet with enough vegetables, fruits, and proteins (蛋白质) is necessary. At the same time, we should stay away from unhealthy junk food, which may taste good but harms our body in the long run. Next, doing sports regularly is a good and fun way to build up our bodies. Activities like running, swimming, or playing basketball not only strengthen our muscles (肌肉) but also refresh our minds. Moreover, mental health is as important as physical health. Last but not least, we should learn to think of nice things and stay in a good mood, especially when we are in trouble. Staying positive helps us solve problems more easily and keeps us away from stress. In a word, health always comes first. To improve my own health, I am planning to make some changes. I will take part in more outdoor activities, such as hiking or cycling on weekends, instead of staying at home playing video games. I believe small steps every day will lead to a healthier and happier life for everyone. 1．What can we infer from the sentence “health is wealth” at the beginning? A．Healthy people are always rich. B．Wealth can buy good health. C．Money is more important than health. D．Good health is valuable like treasure. 2．What is one benefit of having enough sleep? A．It helps us eat more good food. B．It makes us enjoy junk food. C．It lets our body and mind rest well. D．It is the only way to build up muscles. 3．What does the underlined word “mental” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．About the mind. B．About the body. C．About food and diet. D．About exercise. 4．What does the writer plan to do for outdoor activities? A．Play video games. B．Go hiking or cycling. C．Swim in the river. D．Play basketball only. 5．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Importance of Sleep B．Say No to Junk Food C．Plans for Outdoor Activities D．Ways to Keep Healthy Passage 12 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（好奇心的力量） 较难 本文阐述了好奇心对学习、创新、职业发展的积极作用，介绍了培养好奇心的三种方法，呼吁读者保持好奇心态。 成长励志类说明文，总分总结构，有名人事例与专家观点支撑，逻辑层层递进，句式以复合句为主，有少量抽象概念词，篇幅较长。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道标题选择题，结构题需梳理全文多层逻辑，对文本整体把控能力要求高，较难难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever been full of curiosity about the world and always liked to ask “why” when you were a child? Curiosity is the drive to explore and learn. Curiosity helps the brain to take in new information. For students, curiosity is like a mind superpower. At the same time, curiosity is also a process of actively looking for answers. When you're truly curious about a topic, it becomes easier and more effective for your brain to take in and keep new information. Curiosity also leads to more exciting ideas. Curiosity encourages students to go beyond “what is taught” and ask “what if”. Instead of simply accepting information, a curious student studies it and looks at it from different sides. This habit of thinking leads to more interesting ideas because it connects knowledge from different subjects. Curiosity encourages active learning and helps discover your career interests. When Qian Xuesen was young, he was curious about why paper planes could fly and how to make them fly farther. Driven by this curiosity, he worked hard and became a great scientist. This curiosity about one thing will keep you learning, and maybe that interest will shape your future career. So how to develop your curiosity? One effective method is to ask open-ended questions. For example, instead of asking, “Did you enjoy the training?”, one might ask, “Which aspects of the training did you find most interesting?” Looking for new ideas is another important strategy (策略) for developing curiosity. Besides, jumping out of one's comfort zone (舒适区) is also important for developing curiosity. As Richard Feynman said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” Therefore, keep a curious mind. You never know where it may lead you! 1．How does curiosity act on the brain according to the text? A．It makes the brain more relaxed and active. B．It pushes the brain to remember details more clearly. C．It allows the brain to focus on what you are learning. D．It helps the brain take in and keep new information more easily. 2．What are curious students like? A．They usually learn a thing more quickly than others. B．It is easy for them to choose their own careers. C．They often consider a thing from different sides. D．They are used to accepting information directly. 3．What do the underlined words “open-ended questions” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Questions that have no clear answers. B．Questions that will get short answers. C．Questions that require you to think twice to answer. D．Questions that need more than a “Yes” or “No” reply. 4．What is the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①-②③④-⑤⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤-⑥ C．①②-③④-⑤⑥ D．①-②③④⑤-⑥ 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Power of a Curious Mind B．A Study on How Curiosity Works C．Ways to Come Up with New Ideas D．The Influence of Curiosity on Future Jobs Passage 13 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（与自己比较，拒绝攀比） 较难 本文探讨了与他人攀比的常见现象，通过心理学专家的观点，给出了正确看待比较、与过去的自己比较、接纳自我的建议。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有心理学专业观点支撑，对初中生的成长困惑有针对性引导，句式以复合句为主，有深层价值表达。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需深层理解文本的核心价值观，干扰项有片面化表述，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Do you often compare yourself with others? Perhaps your best friend gets a gift you really want, or your brother can go to a concert but you can’t. Comparing with others is very common in our daily life, but focusing on your own progress is the real key to your happiness. “We often compare ourselves with people who are better or worse than us,” says Dr. Smith, a psychologist (心理专家). “But you should compare yourself with your past self and future self.” This can help you value what you’ve achieved and look forward to your future. He also says that focusing on your own goals is better than only wanting to be the best. Comparing yourself with others is natural. We often do it without perceiving. And most of the time, we don’t even know we are doing this. If you often feel sad or upset when comparing with others, stop and think about what you are good at. Everyone has his own advantages. Maybe sometimes you are wondering, “What if all my friends are better than me?” Dr. Smith says jealousy (嫉妒) is a common feeling. To deal with it, you can try celebrating your friends’ success. It can not only cheer your friends up but also make you feel good. It will encourage you and your friends to grow together and become better. 1．What is the real key to our happiness? A．Comparing with others often. B．Having a gift we really want. C．Focusing on our own progress. D．Going to concerts with brothers. 2．Why should we compare ourselves with our past and future self? A．To value our achievements. B．To be the best all the time. C．To meet with better people. D．To know others’ purposes. 3．What does the underlined word “perceiving” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Discussing. B．Realizing. C．Forgetting. D．Calling. 4．How can we deal with the feeling of jealousy according to Dr. Smith? A．Build ourselves up. B．Do better than friends. C．Celebrate friends’ success. D．Feel good about ourselves. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Compare with Yourself B．Cheer Your Friends up C．Find Your Own Advantages D．Learn to Deal with Jealousy Passage 14 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・邢台一模（改善自我对话的方法） 较难 本文介绍了自我对话对个人成长的影响，从转化负面表达、使用第二 / 三人称对话两个方面，给出了改善自我对话的具体方法。 心理健康类说明文，总分总结构，有科学实验研究支撑，逻辑严谨，句式以复合句为主，有心理学专业词汇并附解释，信息密度较高。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需精准理解实验结论与文本核心观点，对细节甄别能力要求高，较难难度。 （2026·河北邢台·一模）We all talk to ourselves sometimes, but not everyone does it in the same way. How you do it can make a big difference to your life. The good news is that you can learn to improve your self-talk. First of all, listen to what you say to yourself. If you always tell yourself that you are not smart or good enough, you may start to believe it. Try to change negative (负面的) self-talk into positive (乐观的) self-talk. You can use words like “can” or “will”. For example, you may say, “I will write a great article.” Also, you can try to use the second or third person in your self-talk. In a study, scientist Ethan Kross asked 89 people to give a speech—with only five minutes to get ready. As they prepared, he asked some to use “I” in their self-talk. These people were more likely to be nervous. They said things like, “I can’t prepare a speech in five minutes.” The rest were asked to call themselves “you” or by their own names. They were more likely to give themselves support. They said things like, “Ethan, you can do this!” “Talking in the second or third person helps people put some distance (距离) between themselves and their feelings,” said Kross. It helps people think more clearly about their own problems, just as they think about other people’s. By changing how you talk to yourself, you can feel better and more assured. This can help you do things you didn’t think you could do before. It’s like having a friend in your head who gives you encouragement and support. So next time you suddenly notice you’re talking to yourself, try to make it positive and use “you” or your own name. You might be surprised at how much better you feel and how much more you can achieve. 1．What should people do if their self-talk is negative? A．Stop talking to themselves completely. B．Use positive words like “can” or “will”. C．Only speak to others instead of themselves. D．Write down all their negative thoughts. 2．How might people who used “I” in self-talk feel according to Ethan Kross? A．More confident. B．More nervous. C．More excited. D．More relaxed. 3．How does using “you” in self-talk help people? A．It helps people remember past successes. B．It makes people forget about their problems. C．It makes people focus on other people’s feelings. D．It creates distance between people and their feelings. 4．What does the underlined word “assured” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Outgoing. B．Confident. C．Talented. D．Independent. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Give a Speech B．How to Support Yourself C．How to Improve Your Self-talk D．How to Change Negative Self-talk Passage 15 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（三种好奇心类型） 困难 本文通过研究者的分类，介绍了 “爱凑热闹型”“猎手型”“舞者型” 三种好奇心类型，结合维基百科读者的大规模实验，分析了三类人群的特征，并说明好奇心类型可后天培养。 科普研究类说明文，有专业的学术分类与大规模实验数据支撑，逻辑严谨，篇幅较长，长难句较多，信息密度大，贴合河北中考 D 篇文本特征。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需跨段整合实验过程与结论，深层理解不同好奇心类型的核心差异，对文本整体把控与信息整合能力要求极高，为最高难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模） Are you a curious person? If you often want to learn more about something, then you probably are. But as American researcher Perry Zurn points out, not all “curious minds” are cut from the same cloth. There are at least three styles of curiosity: “busybodies,” “hunters” and “dancers.” “Busybodies” like to collect bits of information on all kinds of topics. They’re not going after any certain goal. Rather, they’re just interested in the world around them. “Hunters” go after specific (确切的) answers. They follow a clear way to reach their goals. “ Dancers” jump at new ideas or mix old ones in new ways. They prefer to take the road less traveled. Zurn and his team wanted to see how these curiosity styles work in real life. They studied online Wikipedia (维基百科) readers. Their research included 482,000 people from 50 countries. For each person, the team looked at how many different topics he or she read about and how closely those topics were connected. For example, did someone look up Pierre Perifel and then read about his new film, “The Bad Guy”? Or did he or she jump from the film director to tea art? The results showed that all three types of curious minds exist (存在) among today’s Internet users. “Busybodies” read widely, but they especially liked sports, food and the arts. “Hunters” cared more about science and technology. Interestingly, they were more likely to feel stressed after their curious hunt. That’s probably because they had a stronger wish to enrich their knowledge. Zurn says we are each born with a natural curiosity style. However, our style isn’t permanent. We can develop the other two styles by spending time with teachers or friends who think differently. That’s good news. After all, curiosity works best when all three styles exist in one mind. 1．What do “Dancers” like to do? A．Go after specific answers. B．Welcome new ideas and think creatively. C．Follow a clear way to reach goals. D．Collect different kinds of information. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How did Zurn and his team do their research? B．How many books did Zurn read in his study? C．Why did people like reading on Wikipedia? D．What did people think of Pierre Perifel? 3．Why were “Hunters” more likely to feel stressed? A．Because they had no clear goals. B．Because they read widely. C．Because they liked new ideas. D．Because they hoped to enrich their knowledge. 4．What does the underlined word “permanent” mean? A．Different. B．Lasting. C．Changing. D．Special. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Be a Curious Person B．A Research on Wikipedia Readers C．Three Different Styles of Curiosity D．The Most Useful Curiosity Style 主题02 人与社会（文化传承、跨文化交流、历史文化、科学技术、非遗传播、旅游生活、社会公共服务） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（绿城旅游景点介绍） 容易 本文以表格 + 短文的形式，介绍了绿城四大景点的开放时间、票价、核心游玩项目，给出了出行与游玩建议。 旅游信息类应用文，表格信息清晰，短文内容简短，词汇贴合生活场景，无生僻词，完全贴合课标五级要求。 全细节理解题，答案可从表格与原文直接定位，无推理要求，为基础难度，匹配河北中考 A 篇阅读难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Welcome to Green City Place Opening Time Ticket Price Main Fun Green Lake Park 8:00–18:00 Free Go boating, enjoy flowers, take a walk City Museum 9:00–17:00 ￥30 (students half price) See old photos, learn history Green Hill 7:30–19:00 ￥20 Climb mountains, enjoy fresh air Children’s Fun Land 8:30–21:00 ￥50 Play games, take small trains Green City is a beautiful place with clean water and fresh air. Every year, lots of visitors come here to spend their holidays. Green Lake Park is the most popular place for families. People can walk along the lake or take a boat on the water. The City Museum is great for students. It helps them know more about the city’s past. Green Hill is a good choice for people who love nature. They can exercise and relax there. Children’s Fun Land is very welcome among kids. If you want to visit, you’d better go early on weekends to avoid crowds. You can also take the No.6 or No.12 bus to get to these places easily. 1．How many places are introduced in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which place is free for visitors? A．Green Lake Park. B．City Museum. C．Green Hill. D．Children’s Fun Land. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．Visitors can take a train to Green City. B．Students can visit the museum for free. C．Green Lake Park opens the earliest in the morning. D．Children’s Fun Land closes latest at night. Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（菊花的文化含义） 中等 本文以父女对话的形式，介绍了菊花在中国古代与西方文化中不同的象征意义，点明了文化差异与文化融合的内涵。 文化交流类说明文，对话体形式，语言生动易懂，有中西方文化对比，贴合新课标中外文化互鉴要求，词汇贴合初中生认知。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道句子还原题 + 1 道主旨推理题，需结合对话语境与文化逻辑判断，中等难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模） Dad: Sweetie, what a great picture you’ve drawn, especially the chrysanthemums (菊花)! Ling: They’re often used for mourning (哀悼), so I think they fit the sadness of the whole picture. Dad: That’s interesting, but did you know chrysanthemums weren’t mourning flowers in ancient Chinese culture? Ling: Really? Dad: Yes. Chrysanthemums have been connected with long life, strength and good luck for thousands of years in Chinese history. Ling: Wait—so they didn’t mean death at all? Dad: Not in Chinese tradition. Ling: I had no idea! So, ▲ ? Dad: That started in Europe. Around 1789, people used them to honor the dead on All Saints’ Day. Later, the Italian poets wrote poems which linked chrysanthemums to mourning, and newspapers spread the idea. After World War I and II, chrysanthemums were used to honor the fallen soldiers. By the 1960s, white and yellow chrysanthemums became mourning flowers in some Asian countries. Ling: When did this idea come to China? Dad: Mainly from the late 20th century, through increased cultural exchange. China accepted some Western customs, including this one. It’s not that we forgot our tradition—it’s how cultures mix over time. Ling: So, which meaning is the right one? Dad: There isn’t one “right” meaning. A flower, like a word, can have different meanings in different situations. In China, it can mean a long, good life; elsewhere, it may honor someone who has passed away. Both make sense. Ling: Oh, I get it now. 1．Why does Ling choose chrysanthemums to draw on her picture? A．To give a good wish. B．To match the picture’s feeling. C．To follow her father’s suggestion. D．To make the picture more beautiful. 2．What’s the meaning of chrysanthemums in ancient Chinese culture? ①long life  ②strength  ③mourning  ④good luck A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④ 3．Which is the best for ▲ ? A．when did chrysanthemums come to Europe B．why did Chinese poets love chrysanthemums C．how did the "mourning flower" idea develop D．what do chrysanthemums mean in China today 4．What does Dad want to tell Ling through his last answer? A．Autumn is the best season for plants. B．Newspapers can spread wrong ideas. C．We should be open to cultural differences. D．It’s important to stick to traditional customs. Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（中国剪纸非遗） 中等 本文介绍了中国剪纸的历史、制作材料、图案题材、用途与当代发展，展现了这一传统民间艺术的文化价值与生命力。 中华传统文化类说明文，总分总结构，内容贴合非遗文化传播主题，词汇简单，句式以简单句为主，篇幅适中，无复杂逻辑。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题有明确的语境支撑，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Paper cutting is one of the most traditional folk arts in China. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and appears in many parts of the country, especially in northern areas. People usually make paper cuttings with red paper, because red stands for happiness and good luck in Chinese culture. To make a paper cutting, people only need a pair of scissors and some colorful paper. Skilled artists can cut beautiful pictures without drawing first. Common pictures include flowers, animals, Chinese characters and scenes from traditional stories. During the Spring Festival or weddings, people often put paper cuttings on windows, walls or doors to celebrate important days. In the past, paper cutting was mainly made by women at home as a kind of home art. Now it has become a national symbol of Chinese culture. More and more foreign tourists show great interest in it and take paper cuttings as special gifts back to their countries. Some schools have started paper cutting lessons to help students learn about traditional culture. The old art is still alive and continues to shine in modern times. 1．How long has paper cutting been in China? A．Over 1,500 years. B．About 500 years. C．Less than 300 years. D．Around 1,000 years. 2．What color paper is widely used for paper cutting? A．White. B．Red. C．Blue. D．Yellow. 3．What does the underlined phrase “stands for” mean? A．writes down B．looks for C．means D．picks up 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Paper cutting is popular around the world. B．Only men can make good paper cuttings. C．It’s difficult to learn paper cutting. D．No schools teach paper cutting. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traditional Chinese Paper Cutting B．How to Celebrate Spring Festival C．History of Chinese Folk Music D．Tools for Making Paper Cuttings Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・张家口一模（古代驿站） 中等 本文介绍了中国古代驿站的起源、发展、功能、设计特点与历史作用，点明了驿站对古代中国发展的重要意义。 历史文化类说明文，总分总结构，时间线清晰，有历史专有名词并附中文注释，无阅读障碍，贴合新课标中华优秀传统文化主题要求。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需梳理驿站发展的时间线与功能演变，中等难度。 （2026·河北张家口·一模）Most people think fast delivery (快递) is new, but it’s actually very old. As early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties (商周时期), governments already had a way to send orders and news. This way was called yizhan. It was most developed in the Tang dynasty and continued to be used for hundreds of years. The yizhan was built to help pass documents far and fast. Riders would stop at these places to change horses or rest. Sometimes, they passed the messages to the next rider. Because of this, news, food, and even money for the emperors could travel quickly across the land. The yizhan was also built in a very ingenious way. These places were about 30 kilometers from each other. That was just right for a horse to go without stopping. Each place usually had houses for horses, rooms to keep things, kitchens, and beds for riders. Bigger places could hold many people and even had offices. Some had tall towers or flags so people could see them easily. Later, the yizhan took on more new roles. When the Mongols (蒙古人) ruled, it also helped foreign officers and official visitors who came for work. This way helped the government, business, and the sharing of culture. Even the famous traveler Marco Polo said it worked very well. Today, our post offices and ways to communicate still learn from this old idea. Keeping people in touch helped ancient China develop and it still helps us now. 1．When was yizhan most developed? A．In the Shang dynasty. B．In the Zhou dynasty. C．In the Tang dynasty. D．In the Song dynasty. 2．Why did riders stop at yizhan? A．To get food and money. B．To change horses or rest. C．To welcome foreign visitors. D．To give the messages to emperors. 3．What does the underlined word “ingenious” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Difficult. B．Expensive. C．Modern. D．Well-designed. 4．What new role did yizhan get during the Mongol rule? A．It built taller towers and flags. B．It helped spread Chinese food. C．It taught people how to ride horses. D．It served foreign officers and official visitors. 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．China’s Old “Post Office” B．The Rule of Ancient Emperors C．The Life of Marco Polo in China D．Horses and Riders in Ancient China Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（曹妃甸湿地） 中等 本文介绍了曹妃甸湿地的面积、生态价值、功能用途、气候特点与旅游景观，展现了湿地的自然与社会价值。 地方文旅类说明文，总分结构，有精准的数字说明，词汇贴合生态与旅游主题，篇幅适中，句式以复合句为主。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道文章出处推理题，出处推理题需结合文本体裁与内容判断，中等难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）The Caofeidian Wetland lies in Caofeidian District (区), Tangshan City. It covers a total area of 540 square kilometers, including a provincial (省级的) wetland and a bird nature protection area with an area of 110 square kilometers. It is known as the largest wetland and bird protection area in northern China. The wetland is home to many kinds of wild animals and plants. There are 238 kinds of wild plants and 307 kinds of birds here. The International Wetland Organization speaks highly of it, saying it is a nice wetland protection area with great development value. Caofei Lake covers a very large water area, making it not only a wonderful place for boating and fishing but also a water source (水源) for the farmland around it. At the same time, it serves as a backup (备用的) water source for the Caofeidian Industrial Area. With clear skies, blue water and green grass, it has a nice and comfortable climate. Unlike most cold northern areas with long freezing winters, it has no very cold winters or hot summers. Many birds find safe homes here to live, raise their babies and play. The lake is full of lively views: fish swim in the water, birds fly high in the sky, and reeds (芦苇) shake gently in the wind. These beautiful natural views change with the seasons, and attract a large number of visitors every year. 1．How big is the Caofeidian Wetland? A．110 square kilometers. B．238 square kilometers. C．307 square kilometers. D．540 square kilometers. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The area of Caofei Lake. B．The uses of Caofei Lake. C．The views of Caofei Lake. D．The water source of Caofei Lake. 3．What kind of climate does the Caofeidian Wetland have? A．Hot and wet. B．Cold and windy. C．Dry and changeable. D．Nice and comfortable. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A novel. B．A diary. C．A travel guide. D．A storybook. Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・保定一模（英歌舞中泰文化交流） 中等 本文介绍了英歌舞这一国家级非遗从中国传入泰国的历史，以及 2026 年泰国第二届英歌舞节的举办情况，展现了中泰文化交流的成果与意义。 跨文化交流类说明文，有具体的时事事件支撑，贴合新课标中华文化国际传播主题要求，有少量文化类拓展词，篇幅较长。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道句意理解题，需跨段整合英歌舞节的相关信息，中等难度。 （2026·河北保定·一模）Yingge dance, a mix of drama, dance and martial arts (武术), is a Chinese national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and is very popular in Chaoshan, Guangdong Province. Over a century ago, some Chinese people brought the dance to Thailand (泰国), and it has become an important local cultural symbol, deeply rooted in Thai society ever since. From February 28 to March 1, 2026, the second Phanat Nikhom Yingge Dance Festival was held in Chonburi, Thailand. Seven teams took part in it, including one from Puning, Guangdong and three local Thai teams. The local government hopes the festival can help with cultural exchanges between China and Thailand. What’s more, Yingge dance has even been added to local school courses to pass on this cultural art. Chinese and Thai performers danced together in the streets of the city. The Chinese Nigou Yingge Team, with about 40 members, came to Thailand for the first time. The team’s coach said it was a valuable chance for Chinese and Thai performers to learn from each other. A team member with 15 years of experience in Yingge dance was deeply moved by the Thai performers’ strong interest and love for this art form. They talked a lot about face painting and performing skills, even without a common language. The lively performance drew many local people and tourists. A 17-year-old Thai performer said he was happy to see so many people coming to watch. A local person said Yingge dance has become one of the most famous traditional arts in her hometown. A Chinese visitor from Shantou felt warm and familiar when watching the dance, as it reminded him of his hometown’s culture. Chonburi’s governor said the province would make Yingge dance a special cultural symbol of Phanat Nikhom, and use it to develop the local economy (经济) and tourism. 1．When was Yingge dance brought to Thailand? A．In 2026. B．On March 1. C．On February 28. D．Over a century ago. 2．What do we know about the second Phanat Nikhom Yingge Festival? A．It was started by a Chinese Yingge team. B．It lasted for about six days in Thailand. C．It had seven teams from different countries. D．It helped develop Thailand’s language. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Members of the Thai team. B．Feelings and skills shared. C．Ways of painting the faces. D．History of Yingge dance. 4．What does the underlined sentence “felt warm and familiar” really mean? A．The visitor missed his hometown culture. B．The visitor felt hot in the weather. C．The visitor knew Thai people very well. D．The visitor learned painting quickly. Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・邢台一模（2045 未来科技预测） 较难 本文通过三位研究者的观点，分别介绍了 2045 年意念控物、新型材料、语音智能操控三大科技发展方向，预测了未来科技对生活的改变。 科技科普类说明文，总分结构，多人物观点分述，有少量科技类拓展词，句式以复合句为主，信息分模块呈现，逻辑清晰。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，需区分三位研究者的不同观点，甄别干扰项的人物与观点错位，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北邢台·一模）There is no doubt that the world will be a very different place in 2045. So what’s going to happen then? It’s pretty likely that robots and AI technology will change a lot of industries. Also, self-driving and flying cars will come into our daily life, bringing us much convenience. However, scientists have even bigger ideas. In a video series called Forward to the Future, three researchers predicted (预测) what they imagined would be reality in 2045. Dr Justin Sanchez believes we’ll be at a point where we can control things simply by using our mind. “Imagine a world where you could just use your thoughts to control your environment,” Justin said. According to him, experts are working on certain technologies that can make this happen. They’ve made some progress already. The future has more than just that. “Many other exciting things could change the building and other objects around us,” says Stefanie Tompkins. “We’ll be able to build things that are very strong but also lightweight (轻量型的). We don’t even know the materials around us,” she predicted. Pam Melroy believes we’re going to find that we have a very different relationship with the machines around us. “I think we’ll begin to see a time when we’re able to control a machine just by saying some simple words,” she said. For example, right now to land a plane safely, a pilot has to go through many steps in the right order. But in 2045, in Pam’s words, a pilot may just need to say the words “prepare for landing”. Then the computer knows the steps it needs to take. Or perhaps, with AI, a pilot won’t even be necessary. 1．What will people be able to do according to Dr Justin Sanchez? A．Fly without airplanes. B．Build houses quickly. C．Talk to animals. D．Control things by using their mind. 2．What does Stefanie Tompkins say about future materials? A．They will be very heavy. B．They will be strong and light. C．They will be very cheap. D．They will look like wood. 3．How might pilots control planes in 2045 according to Pam Melroy? A．By writing instructions. B．By using body language. C．By drawing pictures. D．By saying some simple words. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a video series about the future. B．To describe how robots will change the world. C．To share scientists’ predictions about life in 2045. D．To explain how to control machines by using your mind. Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（2040 未来生活预测） 较难 本文从健康、交通、娱乐三个维度，介绍了未来学家雷・哈蒙德对 2040 年世界生活的预测，展现了科技对未来生活的全方位改变。 科技科普类说明文，分板块式结构，内容覆盖多个生活领域，有少量科技类专有名词，篇幅较长，信息密度中等。 1 道篇章开篇手法题 + 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道主旨大意题，开篇手法题需理解文本的写作逻辑，对文本整体把控能力有要求，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Have you ever heard of futurists? These people’s job is to predict what will happen in the future. Ray Hammond is very famous in Europe for predicting the future. He has been studying, writing and speaking about how future changes will influence society for over 30 years. What does he think our world will be like in 2040? Health We will wear different sensors (传感器). They will check our blood pressure, blood sugar and blood oxygen levels all the time. Thanks to new treatments and medicines, in 2040, many of us will be able to live well beyond 100. People will look young, even if they are already in their nineties. Traffic Most cars will be driving themselves. The only place where we could experience being in control of a car would be a special place for racing. All the cars will run on electricity, so our roads will look and sound very different. As for air travel, we will not see much change. Electric and self-flying planes are probably still in their experimental stages. There will not be many of them. However, we might be able to travel in hyperloops (超高速铁路) at speeds of up to 1,100 km/h. A trip from Shanghai to San Francisco would take only nine hours. Entertainment In 2040, we will spend most of our time in virtual worlds (虚拟世界), whether at work or after work. Instead of looking at a screen, we will experience this as if it were real. We will hardly leave these virtual worlds to meet people in real life. We may even find this activity to be a little strange! 1．How does the writer begin the text? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By telling stories. D．By sharing sayings. 2．What will sensors on our bodies do? A．Help us drive cars. B．Make us look old. C．Check our health. D．Lead to accidents. 3．What can we learn about traffic? A．Cars will be electric. B．Roads will look the same. C．Planes will become cleaner. D．People will travel from Shanghai to San Francisco in three hours. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Why futurists are important. B．Life now and life in the past. C．What life will be like in 2040. D．New medicines and technologies. Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・廊坊一模（AI 在材料挑选中的应用） 困难 本文对比了传统材料挑选方法的弊端，介绍了 AI 在材料挑选中的优势，分析了 AI 技术的现存问题，最终点明 AI 与人类协作才能发挥最大价值。 科技科普类说明文，有专业的工业与 AI 技术内容，逻辑严谨，篇幅较长，长难句较多，信息密度大，贴合河北中考 D 篇文本特征。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道篇章结构题 + 1 道标题选择题，需梳理全文 “传统方法 - 新 AI 方法优势 - AI 现存问题 - 结论” 的完整逻辑，对文本逻辑梳理与信息整合能力要求极高，为最高难度。 （2026·河北廊坊·一模）To make products—like better phone batteries or stronger phone screens—we need to choose the right materials. Before AI, this was slow and wasteful. Scientists used a “try-and-see” way: they tested one mix of materials after another with their hands. For example, if they wanted a new battery material, they might have to try thousands of different mixes. Doing this by hand took years, and most mixes didn’t work. It wasted time, money, and even hard to find resources on materials that were never useful. AI has made this process fast. Instead of guessing, AI uses data (数据) from old experiments (实验) and studies to pick the best materials quickly. Google’s AI team once found 2.2 million new crystal materials (晶体材料) in a short time—something that would take humans hundreds of years. A Chinese research group also used AI to find a key material. This material makes chemical reactions (化学反应) faster, and they found it in a few hours, not years. AI also saves money; it cuts real-world tests from thousands to just a few, so we save time and resources. But AI isn’t perfect. First, it needs good data to work well. If the data used to teach AI is wrong or not enough, the materials AI suggests might not work. Sometimes, AI even picks materials with uncommon or dangerous elements (元素)—these sound good on paper but can’t be used in real products. Second, AI can’t always say why a material works. This makes scientists not sure if the material is really dependable, or if AI just got lucky. And sometimes, AI “invents” materials that already exist, so we waste effort on repeats. AI has made picking materials much faster and cheaper, but it still needs human scientists to check. Only when AI and humans work together can we turn AI’s ideas into real, useful materials for our daily lives. 1．What was bad about the old “try-and-see” way of picking materials? A．It could only be used to find battery materials. B．It took a long time and wasted resources. C．It needed too many expensive machines. D．It could not test uncommon material mixes. 2．How does AI help pick materials? A．It does all real-world tests by itself. B．It invents new elements to make materials. C．It teaches scientists to mix materials by hand. D．It uses past data to find good materials quickly. 3．What is a problem with using AI to pick materials? A．It works too fast for scientists to follow. B．It makes more real-world tests necessary. C．It can only find materials that already exist. D．It needs good data to give dependable results. 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．Cause→Effect→Comparison→Story→Advice. B．Example→Rule→Exception→Data→Discussion. C．Old Way→New AI Way (Good Points)→AI’s Problems→Conclusion. D．Introduction→AI’s History→Experiment→Result→Future Plans. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How We Picked Materials in the Past B．How to Save Money on Material Tests C．AI: The Perfect Tool for Picking Materials D．AI Helps Pick Materials: Fast but Not Perfect 主题03 人与自然（动植物科普、自然现象、生态环保、水资源保护、海洋生态、人与自然和谐共生） Passage 01 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（蜜蜂科普） 容易 本文介绍了蜜蜂的群体分工、工蜂的职责、交流方式，以及蜜蜂数量减少的现状，呼吁人们保护这种有益昆虫。 动植物科普类说明文，篇幅简短，词汇贴合课标，句式以简单句为主，逻辑线性清晰，文末直接点明保护呼吁。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，推理题有原文直接支撑，基础向中等过渡难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）The honeybee is one of the most important and interesting insects in the natural world. Unlike other insects, honeybees live in large groups called colonies. Each group has a queen bee, male bees and thousands of worker bees. They work together in a strict order to keep the colony alive. Worker bees are all female. They do most of the work: looking for food, making honey, building the honeycomb and taking care of the young bees. They fly long distances to collect nectar from different kinds of flowers. During their flight, they also help pollinate plants, which helps flowers and crops grow well. Honeybees communicate with each other by dancing. Different dance shapes show different messages, such as the direction and distance of food. Although they are small, they have a strong sense of smell and sight. In recent years, the number of honeybees has become smaller because of pollution and human activities. Scientists suggest that people should plant more flowers and reduce the use of pesticides to protect these helpful little insects. 1．What do worker bees mainly do? A．Lay eggs. B．Look for food. C．Fight with enemies. D．Keep the queen safe. 2．How do honeybees communicate? A．By making sounds. B．By dancing. C．By smelling. D．By touching. 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Ways honeybees communicate. B．Food honeybees like best. C．Different roles of bees. D．How bees make honey. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Honeybees are harmful to crops. B．Protecting honeybees is necessary. C．All bees live alone. D．Honeybees have a short life. Passage 02 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（萤火虫科普） 容易 本文介绍了萤火虫的生存环境、发光原理、发光的作用，以及萤火虫数量减少的原因，呼吁人们保护自然、守护小生物。 动植物科普类说明文，语言生动，贴合初中生自然认知，词汇简单，有少量科普类词汇并附解释，无阅读障碍。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，答案均可从原文定位，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Fireflies (萤火虫) are special and magical insects that can make bright light at night, which is one of the most wonderful scenes in summer. Most of them live in warm, wet places with lots of trees, grass and water, such as forests, wetlands and near lakes. You can hardly see them in cold or dry places, because they need a humid environment to survive and reproduce. Their light is soft and yellow-green, flickering gently in the dark night, making summer nights more beautiful and romantic, and attracting many children to chase and watch. Scientists say the light of fireflies is called “cold light”, which is different from the light of lamps or candles. It makes almost no heat, so it is very efficient and will not waste energy. Fireflies do not shine for fun; instead, the light is an important way for them to communicate. They use the light to send messages to each other, usually to find partners to mate. The way they flash the light can be different from one group to another: some flash once every few seconds, while others flash several times in a short time, just like their own “password”. In recent years, fewer and fewer fireflies can be seen in some places. This is mainly because of too much environmental pollution, the loss of their living areas caused by human activities, and the bright light at night that affects their ability to send and receive messages. If we want to keep seeing these magical insects in the future, we should protect nature, reduce pollution, and make the environment clean and safe for all small living things around us. 1．Where do most fireflies live? A．In cold dry places. B．In warm wet places. C．In high snowy mountains. D．In noisy cities. 2．Why do fireflies make light? A．To keep themselves warm. B．To show they are dangerous. C．To send messages to each other. D．To help people see at night. 3．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How fireflies make light and use it. B．When fireflies come out at night. C．What fireflies like to eat every day. D．How long fireflies can live in nature. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Fireflies will disappear soon in the world. B．Protecting nature helps fireflies live better. C．Fireflies’ light is hot and very bright. D．All fireflies flash in the same way. Passage 03 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（秋天树叶变色的科学原理） 中等 本文科普了秋天树叶变色的科学原理，介绍了叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花青素三种色素的作用，以及树叶变色对树木越冬的意义。 自然现象科普类说明文，逻辑严谨，有专业的生物知识并附通俗解释，词汇贴合课标，句式以复合句为主，篇幅适中。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需理解不同色素的作用与变色的科学逻辑，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever wondered why leaves change color in autumn? It’s a magical process that happens every year, and it’s all about science. Leaves contain three main pigments: chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin. Chlorophyll is green and helps plants make food through photosynthesis. It is very sensitive to cold, so when the weather turns cool in autumn, chlorophyll breaks down and disappears. When chlorophyll is gone, the other pigments in the leaves start to show their colors. Carotenoid is yellow or orange, which is why some leaves turn yellow, like maple leaves. Anthocyanin is red or purple, and it forms when the temperature is cool and there is plenty of sunlight. That’s why some leaves turn bright red on sunny autumn days. The amount of each pigment determines the color of the leaves—some leaves are yellow, some are red, and some are a mix of both. Leaves don’t just change color for beauty. The process helps trees save energy for winter. When leaves fall off, trees stop photosynthesis and go into a state of rest. This way, they can survive the cold winter and grow new leaves in spring. Next time you see colorful autumn leaves, you’ll know the amazing science behind them. 1．What is chlorophyll used for in plants? A．Making food B．Changing color C．Saving energy D．Protecting leaves 2．When does anthocyanin form in leaves? A．When it is hot B．When there is little sunlight C．When the weather is cool and sunny D．When chlorophyll is active 3．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Why chlorophyll disappears in autumn B．How leaves get their colors in autumn C．The different pigments in leaves D．The process of photosynthesis 4．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．leaves change color only for beauty B．trees grow new leaves in autumn C．cold weather helps leaves change color D．carotenoid is red or purple Passage 04 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（水资源保护） 中等 本文阐述了水资源对地球所有生物的重要性，指出了当前水资源浪费与污染的问题，呼吁人们节约用水、保护水资源。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，贴合新课标绿色发展主题要求，词汇生活化，句式以复合句为主，有明确的价值导向。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需梳理水资源问题的成因与危害，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Water is the most important resource on the Earth. All living things depend on water to stay alive. People, animals and plants can hardly live for long without clean and fresh water. We use water almost everywhere and every minute in our daily life. We drink water when we are thirsty to keep our bodies working well. We use it to cook meals, wash clothes, clean rooms and take showers. Farmers need plenty of clean water to grow vegetables, rice and other crops. Workers use water in factories to produce food, clothes and daily things. Even small insects and wild animals look for clean water in rivers and lakes to survive. However, many people still waste a lot of water in their daily life. They often leave the water running while brushing teeth or washing hands. What’s worse, some factories pour dirty and harmful water directly into rivers, making the water seriously polluted. As a result, fresh clean water is becoming less and less on the Earth. It is high time for us to save and protect every drop of water. We can turn off the tap in time and collect rainwater to water flowers. We should also stop polluting rivers and lakes. Saving water is saving our own life.  Everyone should take action and make it a lifelong habit. 1．What do farmers need water to do? A．Make products. B．Grow crops. C．Clean houses. D．Cook meals. 2．What makes fresh water become less according to the passage? A．Wasting and polluting water. B．Drinking too much water. C．Growing too many plants. D．Building more factories. 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Ways to use water. B．Problems of water. C．Importance of water. D．Ways to save water. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．We can live without water for many days. B．Protecting water is very necessary for us. C．All animals get clean water easily. D．People don’t need to collect rainwater. Passage 05 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（植物的交流与自我保护） 中等 本文科普了植物通过释放化学物质进行交流、预警周边同类，以及多种聪明的生长与自我保护方式，点明了了解植物对保护自然的意义。 动植物科普类说明文，有科学实验支撑，内容新奇有趣，贴合初中生自然探索需求，词汇贴合课标，有少量科普类拓展词。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道推理判断题，需理解植物交流与自我保护的不同方式，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Plants are one of the most important parts of nature. They provide food for humans and animals, produce clean oxygen for us to breathe, and make the Earth look green and beautiful. However, most people never realize that plants have their own way to “talk” and protect themselves. When a plant is hurt or eaten by insects, it sends out special chemicals into the air. These chemicals work as warning signals. Other plants nearby can receive these signals through the air. As soon as they get the message, they will produce special smells or small poisons to keep insects away. In this way, plants help each other stay safe. Scientists have done many experiments to study this amazing ability. In one test, two groups of plants were put in a room. The first group was eaten by insects, while the second was not. Soon the second group also started to protect itself, which proved that plants can truly communicate. Besides communicating, plants grow in smart ways. Most grow towards sunlight to make more food through photosynthesis. Some grow long deep roots to get water and nutrition from the earth. Others have hard leaves or thorns to stop animals from eating them. Understanding plants helps us know more about nature. If we learn their living rules well, we can grow better crops, protect the environment and live in more harmony with nature. 1．What can plants do for people? A．Give out light. B．Provide clean oxygen. C．Carry heavy things. D．Make warm clothes. 2．What will plants do when they get warning messages? A．They will stop growing. B．They will turn yellow soon. C．They will keep insects away. D．They will move to other places. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How plants grow and get resources. B．How scientists study insects. C．How people protect plants. D．How plants make food for animals. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Plants can talk like humans. B．Knowing plants helps us protect nature. C．All plants have deep roots. D．Insects help plants grow well. Passage 06 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（植物的重要性与保护） 中等 本文阐述了植物对地球生物的重要价值，指出了当前植物面临的生存威胁，介绍了人类保护植物的多种措施，呼吁人人参与植物保护。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，内容覆盖植物价值、现存问题、保护措施，逻辑完整，贴合新课标生态保护主题要求。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道推理判断题 + 1 道标题选择题，词义猜测题有明确的语境支撑，标题题需概括全文核心，中等难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Plants are very important for all living things on the earth. Life could not go on well if there were no plants around us. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight through a special process. Animals and humans cannot make food in this way, so they have to depend on plants directly or indirectly. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals that feed on plants. Humans get meat, vegetables, fruit and many other daily foods from plants, too. Besides providing food, plants also help keep the air clean and fresh. They take in carbon dioxide that humans and animals breathe out and produce enough oxygen for us to breathe every day. However, every year, people cut down millions of trees for wood or land, and some even destroy forests for farming. This makes the air dirtier, the weather warmer and the whole environment worse. To solve these problems, many countries make strict laws to stop cutting down young trees and protect forests. Some people set up special nature parks to save rare plants that are in danger of disappearing. Students can also help a lot by planting trees on hills, saving paper in daily life and telling others the importance of plants. The pollution around us is becoming more serious, but small and kind actions can still make a big difference. If everyone tries to love, care for and protect plants, our earth will certainly become greener and more beautiful for everyone to live in. 1．How do animals get their food? A．By making food from sunlight. B．By eating plants and other animals. C．By taking in clean air. D．By drinking enough water. 2．What do plants provide for us according to the passage? A．Food and oxygen. B．Carbon dioxide. C．Paper and wood. D．Warmth and sunlight. 3．What does the underlined word “rare” mean? A．not found in many places. B．very large in size. C．growing very fast. D．dangerous to people. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Plants are not important to humans. B．Cutting down trees is good for the air. C．Everyone can do something to protect plants. D．Laws cannot help protect plants at all. 5．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Ways of Planting Trees B．Importance and Protection of Plants C．Different Kinds of Plants D．Air Pollution Around Us Passage 07 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（观鸟对大脑的益处） 较难 本文通过加拿大科学家的对照实验，介绍了观鸟对延缓大脑衰老、提升专注力与记忆力的积极作用，同时阐述了观鸟对身心、社交、环保意识的多重益处。 科普研究类说明文，有专业的脑科学对照实验支撑，逻辑严谨，篇幅适中，句式以复合句为主，贴合新课标科学探究主题要求。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道文章出处推理题，需精准理解实验的对照设计与结论，深层解读观鸟的多重益处，对文本信息整合能力要求高，较难难度，匹配河北中考 C 篇难度。 （2026·河北沧州·一模）If you look up in a forest, you may notice something really interesting: the tops of trees don’t actually touch each other. There are little gaps (缝隙) between them, and you can even see the sky through these breaks. This is called “crown shyness (树冠羞避)”. Meg Lowman, a tree expert, explains that it’s a tree’s method to stay healthy. Trees are always fighting with each other for sunlight and water. By keeping a certain distance from each other, they reduce the chance of losing leaves when they brush against neighbouring trees. Leaves are very important, as they help trees get sunlight and water. Also, just as we stay away from sick people, trees keep their leaves from touching other trees. This helps stop harmful insects and diseases from spreading. “Tree diseases can come from insects or even be the insects themselves,” Lowman says. “Trees separate themselves from others like we do when we keep our distance from sick people.” Crown shyness happens mostly in tropical (热带的) trees, but the lessons are also true for other trees. Trees with more space grow bigger and stronger. Lowman says we should take good care of trees, just as we take care of rose gardens. Healthy trees give us better shade, and they clean water better. “The healthier the forest is, the more benefits humans will get,” says Lowman. “When a tree gets sick, don’t just cut it down. Trees sustain many living things like insects and birds: insects feed on tree leaves, and birds build nests in tree branches,” the expert adds. So next time you see trees, remember: they teach us to be good neighbors. After all, sharing space wisely keeps everyone healthy, whether you’re a tree or a human! 1．What is “crown shyness”? A．A method of reducing leaves. B．A phenomenon where trees maintain gaps. C．A tree disease caused by insects. D．A tip to help us take care of trees. 2．Which paragraph shows why “crown shyness” appears? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” mean? sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. ①to experience something bad ②to support a weight without breaking or falling ③to make something continue for some time without becoming less ④to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in order to live A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．Which of the following is an opinion according to the text? A．Trees with more space grow better than others. B．Healthy trees can offer people better shade. C．It is necessary for us to keep a proper distance from others. D．Even a sick tree can support many living things. 5．Where is the text most probably from? A．A movie introduction. B．A science fiction novel. C．A travel guide. D．A nature magazine. Passage 08 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・沧州一模（树冠羞避自然现象） 较难 本文介绍了 “树冠羞避” 这一有趣的自然现象，解释了现象出现的原因，以及树木带给人类的人际交往启示，强调了保护树木的重要性。 自然科普类说明文，有树木专家的专业观点支撑，逻辑层层递进，从现象到原理再到启示，句式以复合句为主，篇幅较长。 1 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道观点判断题 + 1 道文章出处题，需深层理解现象背后的原理与文本的核心观点，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）In order to protect the environment, it is very important to learn about the environment. There are many ways to understand how to protect the environment, such as reading books, asking someone and so on. As students, you can read as many books as you can in your spare time. Books in the library are worth reading. They will help you learn more about protecting the environment. You can also get information about the environment on the internet. Besides, I have some suggestions for you. First, we should use energy-saving products. Some products like environment-friendly new energy cars are made specially to save energy. These cars can travel longer than common ones. They produce less pollution, too. Some new products like computers and TVs are made to save energy in efficient ways. Also, we should turn off the lights, the TV, the computer and so on when we don't use them. Second, we should buy recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones. Recyclable products usually take less energy. When we go shopping, we should pay attention to the recycle mark on the products. Finally, we should save energy by carpooling in our daily life. For example, three or four persons can drive together in one car instead of driving three or four cars to work. Usually it is time-saving and easy to carpool with neighbors to go to work or take children to school. 1．How can students learn more about environmental protection? A．By producing less pollution. B．By buying recyclable products. C．By using energy-saving products. D．By searching online and reading books. 2．Why does the writer suggest using energy-saving products? A．Because they are more fashionable. B．Because they are cheaper than common ones. C．Because they last longer than ordinary ones. D．Because they produce less pollution and save energy. 3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Choosing recyclable products. B．Using energy-saving products. C．Taking energy-saving transportation. D．Learning about environmental protection. 4．What does the underlined word “carpooling” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Buying a car together. B．Driving different cars. C．Sharing a car with others. D．Taking turns to repair a car. 5．What's the best title for the text? A．Some Methods for Recycling Products B．Some Suggestions on Reading C．Some Ways of Protecting the Environment D．Some Problems about Environmental Pollution Passage 09 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（环境保护的方法） 较难 本文介绍了了解环保知识的途径，并从使用节能产品、选择可回收产品、拼车出行三个方面给出了保护环境的具体行动建议。 生态环保类说明文，总分总结构，分点式给出行动建议，贴合新课标劳动教育与环保主题要求，词汇贴合课标，篇幅较长，信息分模块呈现。 3 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道标题选择题，需整合不同环保措施的核心内容，甄别干扰项的细节错位，较难难度。 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Nowadays, more and more people enjoy riding bikes in their free time. Riding bikes is not only a fun and relaxing sport but also a green and healthy way to travel around. It brings many clear advantages to our personal life and the whole environment. First, riding bikes produces no air pollution at all. It helps make the air fresher and cleaner in cities. Unlike cars and buses, bikes burn no oil and send out no harmful smoke or gas. Second, it is really good for our physical health. When we ride, we exercise our legs, heart and body balance. It can make us stronger, more active and full of energy every day. Third, it helps us save much money. We don’t need to pay for gas, parking fees or expensive traffic tickets. To encourage more people to ride bikes, many cities are building special and safe bike lanes. More workers and students choose to ride bikes to work or school every day. It helps solve heavy traffic jams and makes cities less crowded and noisy. Some people even plan long bike trips to different places to enjoy the beauty of nature. However, we must follow strict traffic rules when riding on the road. We should always wear helmets to protect our heads. It is quite dangerous to ride too fast, listen to loud music or look at phones on the way. Remember that safety always comes first. Riding bikes is becoming a popular lifestyle around the world. It is friendly to both people and the environment, and it leads us to a better and greener life. 1．What is the advantage of riding bikes? A．It uses much oil. B．It makes the air clean. C．It costs a lot of money. D．It brings heavy traffic. 2．What should we do to keep safe when riding? A．Ride very fast. B．Listen to loud music. C．Wear helmets. D．Run red lights. 3．What does the underlined word “advantages” probably mean? A．Bad things. B．Good points. C．Great dangers. D．Personal habits. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bike roads are not useful. B．Riding bikes is a green choice. C．No one likes riding bikes now. D．Cars are better for the environment. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Ways to Keep Safe B．Special Traffic Rules C．Riding Bikes for a Better Life D．How to Solve Traffic Problems Passage 10 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・唐山一模（骑行的益处与安全） 较难 本文介绍了骑行运动在环保、健康、省钱方面的多重优势，指出了城市为推广骑行做出的举措，强调了骑行时的安全规则与注意事项。 绿色生活类说明文，总分总结构，内容覆盖骑行的益处、城市推广、安全规则，逻辑完整，句式以复合句为主，篇幅较长。 2 道细节理解题 + 1 道词义猜测题 + 1 道推理判断题 + 1 道标题选择题，需全面理解骑行的益处与安全要求，对信息整合能力有要求，较难难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Of all the waste in the sea, about 10% is fishing equipment (装备)—up to one million tons every year. The fishing equipment such as fishing lines and fishing nets is thrown away or lost in the sea and mixes together. It can be as big as a football field. Because they are made to catch fish, they keep catching sea animals as they move in the water. The animals that are caught can’t move and finally die. It is thought that they kill hundreds of thousands of sea animals every year. “These things can keep killing sea life for many years after they are left behind,” says Edgardo Ochoa, a sea safety officer. So, he started training local people to clear away these nets from their area. He told us about his training. “We teach divers how to check for dangers underwater, plan a safe cleanup, and work as a team to avoid accidents,” he says. The training also helps people understand how fishing equipment is lost in the ocean and what can be done to stop it. Trained divers work together to take away the waste. “Each diver has a job,” says Ochoa. “They learn to use special bags to lift heavy nets, make clean cuts, and communicate with each other underwater using their hands.” The training is developing rapidly. Ochoa and his team have provided training for many divers in different countries. So far, they have taught 150 divers in 10 countries, such as Mexico, Peru, and Indonesia. “They help look after the ocean,” he says. “You can also do it by doing your own litter pick or take part in an organized beach clean.” 1．What can be as big as a football field? A．Big fish. B．Diver teams. C．Sea animals. D．Fishing equipment. 2．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．How do divers work underwater? B．What is Ochoa’s training about? C．Why is fishing equipment dangerous? D．Where does fishing equipment come from? 3．Why does the writer mention the numbers “150” and “10”? A．To tell us how to save sea animals. B．To show Ochoa’s teaching methods. C．To explain the development of the training. D．To ask more people to go fishing with the team. 4．Where is the text most probably from? A．A diary. B．A newspaper. C．A guidebook. D．A storybook. Passage 11 篇目 难度 主旨概括 选材特点 问题设计 2026・石家庄一模（海洋废弃捕鱼设备危害与清理） 困难 本文介绍了海洋中废弃捕鱼设备对海洋生物的巨大危害，以及 Edgardo Ochoa 开展的潜水清理培训项目的内容、发展成果，呼吁人们参与海洋保护。 海洋环保类说明文，有真实的人物与项目案例，逻辑严谨，句式以复合句为主，有少量海洋环保类拓展词，篇幅较长。 1 道细节理解题 + 1 道段落主旨题 + 1 道数字作用分析题 + 1 道文章出处推理题，需梳理项目的发展脉络与核心内容，对细节甄别与逻辑理解能力要求极高，为最高难度，匹配河北中考 D 篇难度。 （2026·河北石家庄·一模）Birds are beautiful creatures. Looking at them in the wild could be good for us. That is what researchers in Toronto, Canada say. The scientists found that bird-watching could protect our brains against age-related illness. Lead researcher Dr. Erik Wing said: “ Skills from birding could be beneficial for our brains as people age.” Dr. Wing and his coworkers compared scans (扫描) of the brain activity of 29 veteran (老手) birdwatchers and 29 beginners. The brains of the veteran birdwatchers were a lot more active. Dr. Wing said veterans had a longer attention time and a better memory than those new to the hobby. He added that the veteran birdwatchers could also manage information more quickly. The scientists believe bird-watching benefits the brain like learning a musical instrument. This is because the brain learns new skills and this adds new ways and connections. Dr. Wing said bird-watching puts together two skills: being able to look for and find birds and being good at noticing small movements and common shapes. Other scientists recommend the hobby. They say it is good for our mind and can lower stress. It is also good for our physical health because we are outside in the fresh air and sunlight. Other benefits include connecting with nature and becoming aware of the environment. Birdwatchers say their hobby is good for their social life because they meet many like-minded people. 1．What did the researchers find about bird-watching? A．It is a difficult hobby. B．It is good for our brains. C．It takes a long time to learn. D．It is popular with young people. 2．How were the veteran birdwatchers different from the beginners? A．They had better memories. B．They felt more stressed. C．They had shorter attention time. D．They had fewer brain activities. 3．Why is bird-watching good for physical health? A．People walk a lot. B．People stay inside. C．People are in fresh air and sunlight. D．People eat healthy food. 4．In which part of a magazine can we find the passage? A．Art. B．Space. C．Education. D．Science. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $