过去将来时态-高考英语九大常考时态（主动+被动）全解练透

**基本信息** 以“过去视角下的将来动作”为核心，构建“考情-方法-精练”三维体系，通过四步做题法和答题模板实现时态呼应与被动结构的系统性突破，提升语境判断的思维品质与语言准确运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情解读|5类题型+8大易错点|命题趋势：语境化+时态混搭|从考查分布到核心考点，建立考情认知| |核心精讲|12个高考例句+4大模板|四步做题法+避坑复盘|定义→结构→用法→被动语态，层层递进| |核心精练|20单句+2语篇填空|主动被动转换规则|基础结构到语境应用，梯度提升| |达标练习|20单句+1语篇填空|计划未实现场景判断|巩固时态呼应与特殊句式应用|

高考英语时态 — 过去将来时态（主动+被动）（解析版） 英语时态高考考情解读 题型考查分布 在新高考与全国卷体系中，时态和语态属于贯穿全题型的基础必考语法点，考查覆盖面广、出题频率极高。过去将来时态作为“过去视角下的将来动作”，虽单独设题频次低于一般现在时、一般过去时，但属于时态混搭、语境判断的核心衔接考点，贯穿以下题型： 语法填空：常结合宾语从句、状语从句考查，多与一般过去时搭配出现，侧重结构变形与语境呼应。 阅读理解：主要出现在记叙文、故事类文本中，用于描述“过去某个时间点计划/预测的未来动作”，是理解人物行为、情节发展的关键，常与一般过去时、过去完成时搭配出现。 书面表达：读后续写中高频使用（描述过去场景中人物的计划、意愿或预测），应用文（如日记、书信）中用于回顾过去的安排，合理使用可提升文本时态连贯性与语境贴合度，避免时态混乱。 核心考点与高频易错点 核心考点 1. 过去将来时态（主动/被动）的基本结构与时间标志词； 2. 过去将来时与一般将来时、一般过去时、过去完成时的语境辨析； 3. 过去将来时被动语态的构成、变形及句式转换； 4. 宾语从句、状语从句中过去将来时的时态呼应原则； 5. 过去将来时的特殊表达（would与was/were going to的区别）。 高频易错点 1. 混淆过去将来时与一般将来时，忽略“过去视角”的语境前提； 2. 被动语态结构残缺（遗漏was/were，或过去分词变形错误）； 3. would与was/were going to用法混淆，不清楚“自然发生”与“计划安排”的区别； 4. 主从句时态不呼应（主句为一般过去时，宾语从句仍用一般将来时）； 5. 特殊句式（如wish从句、as if从句）中过去将来时的误用。 高考命题趋势分析 1. 命题侧重语境化判断，不单独考查机械结构，多依托记叙文、故事类语篇，要求结合“过去时间背景”判断动作是否为“过去视角下的将来”。 2. 侧重时态混搭考查，常与一般过去时、过去完成时结合，核心考查“时态呼应”（如宾语从句、时间状语从句中）。 3. 被动语态考查难度适中，多结合简单句、定语从句，侧重“was/were + 过去分词”的结构应用，偶考特殊被动转换（如短语动词被动）。 4. 书面表达中，侧重考查过去将来时在“回顾过去计划、描述过去意愿”中的应用，贴合真实写作场景，规避“时态视角混乱”的中式英语错误。 过去将来时态核心精讲 一、基本结构（主动语态） 核心定义：表示“过去某个时间点看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态”，动作发生在“过去的将来”，前提是必须有明确的“过去时间背景”（如主句为一般过去时）。 核心结构（3种，高考高频，按考查频次排序） 1. would + 动词原形（最通用，无人称限制，可表自然发生、意愿或预测） 2. was/were going to + 动词原形（表“过去计划、打算好要做的事”，或“过去看来即将发生的事”） 3. was/were to + 动词原形（较正式，表“过去安排好的、必然发生的事”，多出现于书面语、真题阅读中） 否定式： - would not（wouldn’t） + 动词原形 - was/were not（wasn’t/weren’t） going to + 动词原形 - was/were not（wasn’t/weren’t） to + 动词原形 疑问式： - Would + 主语 + 动词原形？ - Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ - Was/Were + 主语 + to + 动词原形？ 二、时间标志词 过去将来时的标志词需结合“过去时间背景”，核心是“过去的某个时间点，对未来的判断/计划”，常见标志词及语境： 1. 明确过去时间点 + 将来标志：the next day（第二天，指过去的第二天）、the following week（接下来的一周，过去视角）、soon（不久，过去语境）、in a few days（几天之后，过去视角）。 2. 语境暗示（无明显标志，需结合主句时态）：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句、状语从句中表“将来”，需用过去将来时（核心考点）。 示例：He said he would come to see me the next day.（主句said为一般过去时，the next day为过去视角的“第二天”，用would come表过去将来。） 三、核心用法（结合高考语境） 1. 宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句表“将来”（高考最高频考点） 当主句的谓语动词（如said, told, thought, hoped, planned等）为一般过去时，宾语从句中表示“在主句动作发生时，将要发生的事”，必须用过去将来时。 例句1：She told me she would buy a new book for me.（她告诉我她会给我买一本新书。） 例句2：The teacher said that we would have a test the next week.（老师说我们下周会有一场考试。） 2. 表示过去的计划、打算或意图（常用was/were going to，高考易错点） 强调“过去已经计划好、准备要做的事”，常与plan, intend, decide等词呼应，或有明确的过去时间背景。 例句1：I was going to visit my grandma yesterday, but I was busy.（我昨天本来打算去看奶奶，但我很忙。） 例句2：They decided that they were going to start a new project the next month.（他们决定下个月开始一个新项目。） 3. 表示过去看来即将发生的事（was/were going to 专属用法） 无需明确计划，仅表示“过去某个时刻，从当时的情况来看，即将发生的动作”，常与look, seem等词搭配。 例句：It was getting dark, and it seemed that it was going to rain.（天越来越黑，看起来快要下雨了。） 4. 时间/条件状语从句中，表“过去视角下的将来”（主将从现的过去形式） 当主句为一般过去时，时间状语从句（when, as soon as）、条件状语从句（if, unless）中表示“将来动作”，需用过去将来时（或一般过去时表将来，二者可互换，高考常考互换场景）。 例句：He said he would call me as soon as he arrived.（他说他一到就给我打电话。）（从句arrived用一般过去时表过去将来，主句would call为过去将来时） 5. 正式语境中，was/were to + 动词原形（高考阅读高频，写作可提升高级感） 表“过去安排好的、必然发生的事”，多出现于记叙文、新闻类文本，语气比would更正式。 例句（高考真题改编）：The meeting was to be held the next morning, so everyone had to arrive early.（会议定于第二天早上举行，所以每个人都必须早点到。） 4、 特殊考点 1. would与was/were going to的核心区别（高考高频辨析） would + 动词原形，表过去的意愿、预测，或自然发生的将来动作（无计划感） was/were going to + 动词原形，表过去的计划、打算，或过去看来即将发生的事（有明确计划/迹象） 高考例句 He said he would help me.（他说他会帮我，表意愿，无明确计划） He was going to help me, but he forgot.（他本来打算帮我，表计划，未实现） 2. 无过去时间背景，不可用过去将来时（基础丢分重灾区） 过去将来时的前提是“有明确的过去时间视角”（主句为一般过去时，或有过去的时间标志），若描述“现在视角的将来”，需用一般将来时，不可混淆。 错：I think I would go to college next year.（无过去时间背景，用would错误） 对：I think I will go to college next year.（现在视角，用一般将来时） 对：I thought I would go to college next year.（主句thought为一般过去时，用过去将来时） 3. 特殊句式中的过去将来时（高考冷门但易错） - wish从句中，表“与过去事实相反的将来愿望”，用would have done（易错点：混淆would do与would have done） - 例：I wished I would have passed the exam.（我真希望我当时能通过考试——过去的愿望，未实现） - as if/though从句中，表“与过去事实相反的假设”，用would do - 例：He talked as if he would go abroad.（他说得好像他要出国一样——过去的假设，未发生） 五、必考易错点 + 高频丢分点总结 1. 核心概念易错（基础丢分重灾区） 混淆“现在视角的将来”与“过去视角的将来” 错：She said she will come.（主句said为过去时，从句用will错误） 对：She said she would come.（从句用过去将来时，呼应主句时态） 规避：只要主句为一般过去时，宾语从句、状语从句中表“将来”，必用过去将来时（would/was/were going to）。 2. was/were going to 单复数易错（最高频丢分点） - 主语为单数（he/she/it/单个人名/单数名词）→ 用was going to - 错：He were going to play football.（were错误，主语he为单数） - 对：He was going to play football. - 主语为复数（we/you/they/复数名词）→ 用were going to - 错：They was going to have a party.（was错误，主语they为复数） - 对：They were going to have a party. 3. 否定/疑问句结构易错（考试高频挖坑） - would的否定/疑问：直接在would后加not，或把would提前，动词用原形（无变形） - ✅ He wouldn’t go to school.（否定：wouldn’t + 动原） - ✅ Would you go with him?（疑问：Would提前，动原go不变） - was/were going to的否定/疑问：否定加not，疑问把was/were提前，to后动词用原形 - ✅ She wasn’t going to watch TV.（否定：wasn’t + going to + 动原） - ✅ Were they going to the park?（疑问：Were提前，going to + 动原） - 易错坑：疑问/否定句中，to后动词变三单（错误） - 错：Was he going to goes to school?（goes错误，to后用动原go） 4. 特殊场景易错（高考语境挖坑） - ① 时间/条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表过去将来（与过去将来时互换） - ✅ He said he would leave when he finished his work.（finished用一般过去时表过去将来，等同于would finish） - ② 计划未实现的场景，只能用was/were going to（不能用would） - ✅ I was going to visit him, but I was ill.（计划未实现，用was going to） - ❌ I would visit him, but I was ill.（错误，would不表“未实现的计划”） - ③ 客观预测用would，有迹象的预测用was/were going to - ✅ He thought it would rain.（客观预测，无明显迹象） - ✅ The clouds were dark; it was going to rain.（有迹象，乌云密布） 六、过去将来时万能做题步骤 1. 判时态：先找“过去时间背景”（主句为一般过去时，或有the next day, soon等过去视角标志）→ 确定动作是“过去看来的将来”→ 锁定过去将来时。 2. 定结构：根据语境选结构——表计划/迹象用was/were going to；表意愿/客观预测用would；正式语境用was/were to。 3. 看人称：若用was/were going to/was/were to，根据主语单复数确定was/were（单数was，复数were）。 4. 查句式：否定句加not（wouldn’t/wasn’t/weren’t）；疑问句把would/was/were提前，动词用原形。 七、四大高频考点答题模板 模板1：宾语从句（高考最高频） 结构：主句（一般过去时，如said/told/thought）+ that + 从句（would/was/were going to + 动词原形） 例：She told me that she would finish her homework before 9 o’clock.（她告诉我她会在9点前完成作业。） 模板2：过去的计划/打算（易错点） 结构：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 + （but + 计划未实现的原因） 例：We were going to have a picnic, but it rained.（我们本来打算去野餐，但下雨了。） 模板3：时间/条件状语从句（主将从现的过去形式） 结构：主句（would + 动词原形）+ 从句（when/if/as soon as + 一般过去时） 例：He said he would call me if he got there on time.（他说如果他准时到，就给我打电话。） 模板4：否定 & 疑问万能公式 - ① would句式： - 否定：主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 - 疑问：Would + 主语 + 动词原形？ - ② was/were going to句式： - 否定：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + going to + 动词原形 - 疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ 八、核心避坑复盘 1. 无过去时间背景（主句不是一般过去时），绝对不能用过去将来时，用一般将来时。 2. was/were going to 看主语单复数：单数was，复数were，不可混用。 3. 计划未实现，必用was/were going to，不用would。 4. 宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句表将来，必用过去将来时（时态呼应）。 5. would无人称变化，所有人称都用would + 动原。 6. 否定/疑问句中，to后动词、would后动词均用原形，不变形。 7. 时间/条件状语从句中，可用一般过去时表过去将来（与would互换）。 8. 正式语境（阅读/书面表达）可用was/were to + 动原，提升高级感。 九、过去将来时态的被动语态 核心构成 结构：would be + 过去分词（done） / was/were going to be + 过去分词（done）（高考高频前两种，was/were to be done 较少考） 人称搭配（仅was/were going to be done需区分人称）： - I / he / she / it / 单数名词 / 不可数名词 → was going to be + done - We / you / they / 复数名词 → were going to be + done - would be + done 无人称限制，所有人称通用 基本句式 肯定句 结构1：主语 + would be + 过去分词 例：The work would be finished the next day.（这项工作第二天会被完成。） 结构2：主语 + was/were going to be + 过去分词 例：The meeting was going to be held in the hall.（会议打算在大厅举行。） 2. 否定句 结构1：主语 + would not（wouldn’t） be + 过去分词 例：The letter wouldn’t be sent until tomorrow.（这封信要到明天才会被寄出。） 结构2：主语 + was/were not + going to be + 过去分词 例：The project wasn’t going to be completed on time.（这个项目不会按时完成。） 3. 一般疑问句 结构1：Would + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + would. / No, 主语 + wouldn’t. 例：Would the book be translated into Chinese? — Yes, it would. 结构2：Was/Were + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 例：Was the bridge going to be built next year? — No, it wasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 结构1：特殊疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 例：When would the report be submitted?（这份报告什么时候会被提交？） 结构2：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ 例：Where were the books going to be put?（这些书打算放在哪里？） 核心用法 - 表示过去计划、安排中“将要被做的动作”，常与过去时间标志（the next day, soon等）搭配，多出现于宾语从句、定语从句中。 - 例：He told me that the task would be finished by his team.（他告诉我这项任务会被他的团队完成。） - 表示过去看来“即将被发生的动作”，侧重被动关系，结合语境判断。 - 例：The house was going to be pulled down, so people moved out.（这栋房子即将被拆除，所以人们搬走了。） - 强调过去视角下“动作的承受者”，不知道动作执行者或无需说出执行者。 - 例：A new school would be built in our town, according to the news.（据新闻报道，我们镇上将要建一所新学校。） 主动变被动 转换规则 - 主动句（过去将来时）：主语 + would/was/were going to + 动词原形 + 宾语 - 被动句（过去将来时）：主动宾语 → 被动主语；主动谓语 → would be/was/were going to be + 过去分词；主动主语 → 置于by后（可省略） - 示例1（主动）：They would hold a party the next day.（他们第二天会举办一场派对。） - （被动）：A party would be held (by them) the next day. - 示例2（主动）：She was going to buy a gift for me.（她打算给我买一份礼物。） - （被动）：A gift was going to be bought (by her) for me. 重点补充 1. by短语引出动作执行者，过去将来时被动中可省略，若强调执行者则保留（高考语法填空偶考by后的人称代词宾格）。 2. 例：The letter would be sent by her.（强调动作执行者her，不可省略） 3. 2. 短语动词的被动转换（高考易错点）：短语动词整体变被动，不可遗漏介词/副词。 4. 主动：They would look after the children.（他们会照顾孩子们。） 5. 被动：The children would be looked after (by them).（look after为短语动词，整体变被动） 高频易错 ① 遗漏be动词：错：The work would finished.（缺be）；对：The work would be finished. ② 过去分词变形错误：错：The book would be write.（write用原形，错误）；对：The book would be written. ③ was/were going to be done 单复数混淆：错：They was going to be invited.（was错误）；对：They were going to be invited. 单句语法填空 1. He said that the problem ________ (solve) the next week. 2. The meeting ________ (hold) the following day, so we prepared well. 3. She told me that a new park ________ (build) in our neighborhood. 4. ________ the letter ________ (send) by him the next morning? 5. The tasks ________ (not, finish) on time, according to the plan. 6. They said that the old building ________ (pull) down soon. 7. The gifts ________ (not, give) to the children until Christmas. 参考答案 + 解析 1. would be solved 解析：主句said为一般过去时，从句表过去将来，被动结构：would be + 过去分词。 2. was going to be held 解析：the following day为过去视角标志，表过去计划，被动结构：was going to be + 过去分词（主语meeting为单数，用was）。 3. would be built 解析：宾语从句，主句told为过去时，表过去将来被动，用would be + 过去分词。 4. Would; be sent 解析：一般疑问句，过去将来时被动，would提前，be + 过去分词。 5. wouldn’t be finished 解析：否定句，过去将来时被动，wouldn’t be + 过去分词。 6. would be pulled 解析：主句said为过去时，从句表过去将来被动，pull down短语动词，整体变被动。 7. wouldn’t be given 解析：否定句，过去将来时被动，not置于would后，be + 过去分词。 过去将来时态核心精练 基础版 用所给动词的正确形式填空，直击：过去将来时结构、单复数、被动语态、时态呼应高频考点。 1. He said he ________ (go) to Beijing the next day. 2. She told me she ________ (not, watch) TV that evening. 3. They ________ (be) going to have a party, but it rained. 4. The teacher said we ________ (have) a test the following week. 5. If he ________ (come) back, I ________ (tell) him the news. 6. She thought the work ________ (finish) soon. 7. ________ you ________ (go) with him the next morning? 8. He said the book ________ (sell) well and would be reprinted. 9. They were going to ________ (visit) their grandparents, but they were busy. 10. The letter ________ (not, send) until the next day, according to him. 参考答案 + 易错点标注 1. would go / was going to go 易错：主句said为过去时，表过去将来，两种结构均可。 2. wouldn’t watch / wasn’t going to watch 易错：否定句，wouldn’t + 动原，或wasn’t going to + 动原（主语she为单数）。 3. were 易错：主语they为复数，was/were going to 用were。 4. would have / were going to have 易错：宾语从句，主句said为过去时，表过去将来。 5. came; would tell 易错：主将从现的过去形式，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。 6. would be finished 易错：被动语态，过去将来时被动结构would be + 过去分词。 7. Would; go 易错：疑问句，would提前，动词用原形。 8. would sell 易错：表书籍属性“畅销”，主动表被动，不用被动语态。 9. visit 易错：was/were going to 后用动词原形，不变形。 10. wouldn’t be sent 易错：被动否定句，wouldn’t be + 过去分词，不可遗漏be。 进阶版 一、单句语法填空 1. She said she ________ (buy) a new dress for her daughter the next week. 2. He ________ (be) going to start a new job, but he changed his mind. 3. If you ________ (call) me, I ________ (pick) you up at the station. 4. The teacher told us that the exam ________ (not, be) too difficult. 5. They thought the old bridge ________ (pull) down soon. 6. When he ________ (arrive), we ________ (have) dinner together. 7. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) the next day? 8. She said the flowers ________ (water) by her mother every day and would grow well. 9. He was going to ________ (learn) English, but he was too busy. 10. We thought the problem ________ (solve) by the experts soon. 单句填空答案解析 1. would buy / was going to buy 解析：宾语从句，主句said为过去时，表过去将来，两种结构均可。 2. was 解析：主语he为单数，was going to 用was，表过去计划未实现。 3. called; would pick 解析：主将从现的过去形式，从句一般过去时，主句过去将来时。 4. wouldn’t be 解析：宾语从句，否定式，wouldn’t + be动词原形。 5. would be pulled 解析：过去将来时被动，pull down短语动词整体变被动。 6. arrived; would have 解析：时间状语从句，从句一般过去时表过去将来，主句过去将来时。 7. Would; be held 解析：一般疑问句，过去将来时被动，would提前，be + 过去分词。 8. would be watered 解析：宾语从句，被动语态，过去将来时被动结构。 9. learn 解析：was going to 后用动词原形，不变形。 10. would be solved 解析：过去将来时被动，would be + 过去分词，表过去看来即将被解决。 二、语法填空 阅读短文，用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Last week, my friend Tom told me that he 1________ (go) to his hometown the next month. He said his grandparents 2________ (wait) for him and he 3________ (spend) a week with them. He 4________ (be) going to take some gifts for them, including a pair of shoes for his grandma and a book for his grandpa. Tom also said that his hometown 5________ (change) a lot in recent years and a new park 6________ (build) there soon. He told me that he 7________ (show) me photos of the park when he came back. I asked him if he 8________ (visit) his old school, and he said he would. He said the school 9________ (be) very different now and a new teaching building 10________ (build) the next year. I hoped he would have a good time there. 答案解析 1. would go/was going to go 解析：主句told为一般过去时，从句表过去将来，两种结构均可。 2. would wait 解析：并列宾语从句，表过去将来，用would + 动原。 3. would spend 解析：与wait并列，表过去将来，用would + 动原。 4. was 解析：主语he为单数，was going to 用was。 5. had changed 解析：in recent years 结合主句过去时，用过去完成时（先于told发生），为时态混搭考点。 6. would be built 解析：表过去将来被动，new park与build为被动关系，用would be + 过去分词。 7. would show 解析：宾语从句，表过去将来，用would + 动原。 8. would visit 解析：if引导宾语从句，表过去将来，用would + 动原。 9. would be 解析：宾语从句，表过去将来，用would + be动词原形。 10. would be built 解析：表过去将来被动，new teaching building与build为被动关系，用would be + 过去分词。 过去将来时态过关达标练习 一、 单句语法填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He said he ________ (not, come) to the party that evening. 2. She ________ (be) going to see a movie, but she had to study for the exam. 3. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we ________ (cancel) the picnic. 4. The teacher told us that we ________ (have) a holiday the next week. 5. The work ________ (finish) the next day, so we worked hard. 6. They said that a new hospital ________ (build) in their city soon. 7. ________ you ________ (help) me with my homework the next afternoon? 8. She thought the song ________ (sound) beautiful and would listen to it again. 9. He was going to ________ (play) basketball, but he got hurt. 10. The books ________ (not, send) to the school until the next month. 参考答案 1. wouldn’t come / wasn’t going to come 解析：宾语从句，否定式，主句said为过去时，表过去将来。 2. was 解析：主语she为单数，was going to 用was，表过去计划未实现。 3. rained; would cancel 解析：过去视角的主将从现，从句一般过去时，主句过去将来时。 4. would have / were going to have 解析：宾语从句，主句told为过去时，表过去将来。 5. would be finished 解析：过去将来时被动，work与finish为被动关系，用would be + 过去分词。 6. would be built 解析：过去将来时被动，new hospital与build为被动关系，用would be + 过去分词。 7. Would; help 解析：一般疑问句，过去将来时，would提前，动词用原形。 8. would sound 解析：感官动词，主动表被动，过去将来时用would + 动原。 9. play 解析：was going to 后用动词原形，不变形。 10. wouldn’t be sent 解析：被动否定句，过去将来时被动，wouldn’t be + 过去分词。 二、语法填空 阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Yesterday, my mom told me that she 1________ (go) to the supermarket the next morning. She said she 2________ (buy) some vegetables and fruit for our family. She 3________ (be) going to buy my favorite apples and oranges. My mom also said that the supermarket 4________ (have) a big sale the next day and many things 5________ (sell) at a low price. She told me that she 6________ (save) some money by buying things on sale. I asked her if she 7________ (take) me with her, and she said she would. I was very happy because I 8________ (want) to buy a new toy. My mom said that if I behaved well, she 9________ (buy) the toy for me. I told her I 10________ (be) a good boy and would not make trouble. 详细解析 1、would go 主句 my mom told 为一般过去时，the next morning（第二天早上）是过去将来时间，表示从昨天看第二天要去超市，用过去将来时。 2、would buy 主句 She said 为过去时，说话时还没买东西，表过去将来的动作：将要买蔬果，用 would buy。 3、was 原一般将来时结构 am/is/are going to 变间接引语，要倒退为过去时：was/were going to；主语 She 搭配 was。 4、would have 主句为过去时，the next day 是过去将来时间，转述 “次日将会有大促销”，用 would have。 5、would be sold ① 将来时间 → would+do； ② 主语 many things 和 sell 是被动关系（商品被售卖）； ③ 过去将来被动：would be + 过去分词 → would be sold。 6、would save / could save 主句过去时，打折购物是过去将来的动作； 译：她可以 / 将会省下一些钱，两个答案均符合语法和语境。 7、would take if 引导宾语从句，主句 I asked 为过去时，询问第二天是否会带我去，过去将来时 would take。 8、wanted because 引导原因状语从句，主句 I was very happy 为一般过去时，前后时态一致，want 改用过去式 wanted。 9、would buy if 引导条件状语从句，主句为过去将来逻辑：表现好就会买玩具，用 would buy。 10、would be 主句 I told her 为过去时，承诺自己将会做一个好孩子，表过去将来的状态，用 would be。 你都答对了吗？恭喜你成功晋级！下一关，解锁现在进行时态吧。 第 1 页 共 16 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语时态 — 过去将来时态（主动+被动）（原卷版） 英语时态高考考情解读 题型考查分布 在新高考与全国卷体系中，时态和语态属于贯穿全题型的基础必考语法点，考查覆盖面广、出题频率极高。过去将来时态作为“过去视角下的将来动作”，虽单独设题频次低于一般现在时、一般过去时，但属于时态混搭、语境判断的核心衔接考点，贯穿以下题型： 语法填空：常结合宾语从句、状语从句考查，多与一般过去时搭配出现，侧重结构变形与语境呼应。 阅读理解：主要出现在记叙文、故事类文本中，用于描述“过去某个时间点计划/预测的未来动作”，是理解人物行为、情节发展的关键，常与一般过去时、过去完成时搭配出现。 书面表达：读后续写中高频使用（描述过去场景中人物的计划、意愿或预测），应用文（如日记、书信）中用于回顾过去的安排，合理使用可提升文本时态连贯性与语境贴合度，避免时态混乱。 核心考点与高频易错点 核心考点 1. 过去将来时态（主动/被动）的基本结构与时间标志词； 2. 过去将来时与一般将来时、一般过去时、过去完成时的语境辨析； 3. 过去将来时被动语态的构成、变形及句式转换； 4. 宾语从句、状语从句中过去将来时的时态呼应原则； 5. 过去将来时的特殊表达（would与was/were going to的区别）。 高频易错点 1. 混淆过去将来时与一般将来时，忽略“过去视角”的语境前提； 2. 被动语态结构残缺（遗漏was/were，或过去分词变形错误）； 3. would与was/were going to用法混淆，不清楚“自然发生”与“计划安排”的区别； 4. 主从句时态不呼应（主句为一般过去时，宾语从句仍用一般将来时）； 5. 特殊句式（如wish从句、as if从句）中过去将来时的误用。 高考命题趋势分析 1. 命题侧重语境化判断，不单独考查机械结构，多依托记叙文、故事类语篇，要求结合“过去时间背景”判断动作是否为“过去视角下的将来”。 2. 侧重时态混搭考查，常与一般过去时、过去完成时结合，核心考查“时态呼应”（如宾语从句、时间状语从句中）。 3. 被动语态考查难度适中，多结合简单句、定语从句，侧重“was/were + 过去分词”的结构应用，偶考特殊被动转换（如短语动词被动）。 4. 书面表达中，侧重考查过去将来时在“回顾过去计划、描述过去意愿”中的应用，贴合真实写作场景，规避“时态视角混乱”的中式英语错误。 过去将来时态核心精讲 一、基本结构（主动语态） 核心定义：表示“过去某个时间点看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态”，动作发生在“过去的将来”，前提是必须有明确的“过去时间背景”（如主句为一般过去时）。 核心结构（3种，高考高频，按考查频次排序） 1. would + 动词原形（最通用，无人称限制，可表自然发生、意愿或预测） 2. was/were going to + 动词原形（表“过去计划、打算好要做的事”，或“过去看来即将发生的事”） 3. was/were to + 动词原形（较正式，表“过去安排好的、必然发生的事”，多出现于书面语、真题阅读中） 否定式： - would not（wouldn’t） + 动词原形 - was/were not（wasn’t/weren’t） going to + 动词原形 - was/were not（wasn’t/weren’t） to + 动词原形 疑问式： - Would + 主语 + 动词原形？ - Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ - Was/Were + 主语 + to + 动词原形？ 二、时间标志词 过去将来时的标志词需结合“过去时间背景”，核心是“过去的某个时间点，对未来的判断/计划”，常见标志词及语境： 1. 明确过去时间点 + 将来标志：the next day（第二天，指过去的第二天）、the following week（接下来的一周，过去视角）、soon（不久，过去语境）、in a few days（几天之后，过去视角）。 2. 语境暗示（无明显标志，需结合主句时态）：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句、状语从句中表“将来”，需用过去将来时（核心考点）。 示例：He said he would come to see me the next day.（主句said为一般过去时，the next day为过去视角的“第二天”，用would come表过去将来。） 三、核心用法（结合高考语境） 1. 宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句表“将来”（高考最高频考点） 当主句的谓语动词（如said, told, thought, hoped, planned等）为一般过去时，宾语从句中表示“在主句动作发生时，将要发生的事”，必须用过去将来时。 例句1：She told me she would buy a new book for me.（她告诉我她会给我买一本新书。） 例句2：The teacher said that we would have a test the next week.（老师说我们下周会有一场考试。） 2. 表示过去的计划、打算或意图（常用was/were going to，高考易错点） 强调“过去已经计划好、准备要做的事”，常与plan, intend, decide等词呼应，或有明确的过去时间背景。 例句1：I was going to visit my grandma yesterday, but I was busy.（我昨天本来打算去看奶奶，但我很忙。） 例句2：They decided that they were going to start a new project the next month.（他们决定下个月开始一个新项目。） 3. 表示过去看来即将发生的事（was/were going to 专属用法） 无需明确计划，仅表示“过去某个时刻，从当时的情况来看，即将发生的动作”，常与look, seem等词搭配。 例句：It was getting dark, and it seemed that it was going to rain.（天越来越黑，看起来快要下雨了。） 4. 时间/条件状语从句中，表“过去视角下的将来”（主将从现的过去形式） 当主句为一般过去时，时间状语从句（when, as soon as）、条件状语从句（if, unless）中表示“将来动作”，需用过去将来时（或一般过去时表将来，二者可互换，高考常考互换场景）。 例句：He said he would call me as soon as he arrived.（他说他一到就给我打电话。）（从句arrived用一般过去时表过去将来，主句would call为过去将来时） 5. 正式语境中，was/were to + 动词原形（高考阅读高频，写作可提升高级感） 表“过去安排好的、必然发生的事”，多出现于记叙文、新闻类文本，语气比would更正式。 例句（高考真题改编）：The meeting was to be held the next morning, so everyone had to arrive early.（会议定于第二天早上举行，所以每个人都必须早点到。） 4、 特殊考点 1. would与was/were going to的核心区别（高考高频辨析） would + 动词原形，表过去的意愿、预测，或自然发生的将来动作（无计划感） was/were going to + 动词原形，表过去的计划、打算，或过去看来即将发生的事（有明确计划/迹象） 高考例句 He said he would help me.（他说他会帮我，表意愿，无明确计划） He was going to help me, but he forgot.（他本来打算帮我，表计划，未实现） 2. 无过去时间背景，不可用过去将来时（基础丢分重灾区） 过去将来时的前提是“有明确的过去时间视角”（主句为一般过去时，或有过去的时间标志），若描述“现在视角的将来”，需用一般将来时，不可混淆。 错：I think I would go to college next year.（无过去时间背景，用would错误） 对：I think I will go to college next year.（现在视角，用一般将来时） 对：I thought I would go to college next year.（主句thought为一般过去时，用过去将来时） 3. 特殊句式中的过去将来时（高考冷门但易错） - wish从句中，表“与过去事实相反的将来愿望”，用would have done（易错点：混淆would do与would have done） - 例：I wished I would have passed the exam.（我真希望我当时能通过考试——过去的愿望，未实现） - as if/though从句中，表“与过去事实相反的假设”，用would do - 例：He talked as if he would go abroad.（他说得好像他要出国一样——过去的假设，未发生） 五、必考易错点 + 高频丢分点总结 1. 核心概念易错（基础丢分重灾区） 混淆“现在视角的将来”与“过去视角的将来” 错：She said she will come.（主句said为过去时，从句用will错误） 对：She said she would come.（从句用过去将来时，呼应主句时态） 规避：只要主句为一般过去时，宾语从句、状语从句中表“将来”，必用过去将来时（would/was/were going to）。 2. was/were going to 单复数易错（最高频丢分点） - 主语为单数（he/she/it/单个人名/单数名词）→ 用was going to - 错：He were going to play football.（were错误，主语he为单数） - 对：He was going to play football. - 主语为复数（we/you/they/复数名词）→ 用were going to - 错：They was going to have a party.（was错误，主语they为复数） - 对：They were going to have a party. 3. 否定/疑问句结构易错（考试高频挖坑） - would的否定/疑问：直接在would后加not，或把would提前，动词用原形（无变形） - ✅ He wouldn’t go to school.（否定：wouldn’t + 动原） - ✅ Would you go with him?（疑问：Would提前，动原go不变） - was/were going to的否定/疑问：否定加not，疑问把was/were提前，to后动词用原形 - ✅ She wasn’t going to watch TV.（否定：wasn’t + going to + 动原） - ✅ Were they going to the park?（疑问：Were提前，going to + 动原） - 易错坑：疑问/否定句中，to后动词变三单（错误） - 错：Was he going to goes to school?（goes错误，to后用动原go） 4. 特殊场景易错（高考语境挖坑） - ① 时间/条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表过去将来（与过去将来时互换） - ✅ He said he would leave when he finished his work.（finished用一般过去时表过去将来，等同于would finish） - ② 计划未实现的场景，只能用was/were going to（不能用would） - ✅ I was going to visit him, but I was ill.（计划未实现，用was going to） - ❌ I would visit him, but I was ill.（错误，would不表“未实现的计划”） - ③ 客观预测用would，有迹象的预测用was/were going to - ✅ He thought it would rain.（客观预测，无明显迹象） - ✅ The clouds were dark; it was going to rain.（有迹象，乌云密布） 六、过去将来时万能做题步骤 1. 判时态：先找“过去时间背景”（主句为一般过去时，或有the next day, soon等过去视角标志）→ 确定动作是“过去看来的将来”→ 锁定过去将来时。 2. 定结构：根据语境选结构——表计划/迹象用was/were going to；表意愿/客观预测用would；正式语境用was/were to。 3. 看人称：若用was/were going to/was/were to，根据主语单复数确定was/were（单数was，复数were）。 4. 查句式：否定句加not（wouldn’t/wasn’t/weren’t）；疑问句把would/was/were提前，动词用原形。 七、四大高频考点答题模板 模板1：宾语从句（高考最高频） 结构：主句（一般过去时，如said/told/thought）+ that + 从句（would/was/were going to + 动词原形） 例：She told me that she would finish her homework before 9 o’clock.（她告诉我她会在9点前完成作业。） 模板2：过去的计划/打算（易错点） 结构：主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形 + （but + 计划未实现的原因） 例：We were going to have a picnic, but it rained.（我们本来打算去野餐，但下雨了。） 模板3：时间/条件状语从句（主将从现的过去形式） 结构：主句（would + 动词原形）+ 从句（when/if/as soon as + 一般过去时） 例：He said he would call me if he got there on time.（他说如果他准时到，就给我打电话。） 模板4：否定 & 疑问万能公式 - ① would句式： - 否定：主语 + wouldn’t + 动词原形 - 疑问：Would + 主语 + 动词原形？ - ② was/were going to句式： - 否定：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + going to + 动词原形 - 疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ 八、核心避坑复盘 1. 无过去时间背景（主句不是一般过去时），绝对不能用过去将来时，用一般将来时。 2. was/were going to 看主语单复数：单数was，复数were，不可混用。 3. 计划未实现，必用was/were going to，不用would。 4. 宾语从句中，主句为一般过去时，从句表将来，必用过去将来时（时态呼应）。 5. would无人称变化，所有人称都用would + 动原。 6. 否定/疑问句中，to后动词、would后动词均用原形，不变形。 7. 时间/条件状语从句中，可用一般过去时表过去将来（与would互换）。 8. 正式语境（阅读/书面表达）可用was/were to + 动原，提升高级感。 九、过去将来时态的被动语态 核心构成 结构：would be + 过去分词（done） / was/were going to be + 过去分词（done）（高考高频前两种，was/were to be done 较少考） 人称搭配（仅was/were going to be done需区分人称）： - I / he / she / it / 单数名词 / 不可数名词 → was going to be + done - We / you / they / 复数名词 → were going to be + done - would be + done 无人称限制，所有人称通用 基本句式 肯定句 结构1：主语 + would be + 过去分词 例：The work would be finished the next day.（这项工作第二天会被完成。） 结构2：主语 + was/were going to be + 过去分词 例：The meeting was going to be held in the hall.（会议打算在大厅举行。） 2. 否定句 结构1：主语 + would not（wouldn’t） be + 过去分词 例：The letter wouldn’t be sent until tomorrow.（这封信要到明天才会被寄出。） 结构2：主语 + was/were not + going to be + 过去分词 例：The project wasn’t going to be completed on time.（这个项目不会按时完成。） 3. 一般疑问句 结构1：Would + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + would. / No, 主语 + wouldn’t. 例：Would the book be translated into Chinese? — Yes, it would. 结构2：Was/Were + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 例：Was the bridge going to be built next year? — No, it wasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 结构1：特殊疑问词 + would + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 例：When would the report be submitted?（这份报告什么时候会被提交？） 结构2：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词？ 例：Where were the books going to be put?（这些书打算放在哪里？） 核心用法 - 表示过去计划、安排中“将要被做的动作”，常与过去时间标志（the next day, soon等）搭配，多出现于宾语从句、定语从句中。 - 例：He told me that the task would be finished by his team.（他告诉我这项任务会被他的团队完成。） - 表示过去看来“即将被发生的动作”，侧重被动关系，结合语境判断。 - 例：The house was going to be pulled down, so people moved out.（这栋房子即将被拆除，所以人们搬走了。） - 强调过去视角下“动作的承受者”，不知道动作执行者或无需说出执行者。 - 例：A new school would be built in our town, according to the news.（据新闻报道，我们镇上将要建一所新学校。） 主动变被动 转换规则 - 主动句（过去将来时）：主语 + would/was/were going to + 动词原形 + 宾语 - 被动句（过去将来时）：主动宾语 → 被动主语；主动谓语 → would be/was/were going to be + 过去分词；主动主语 → 置于by后（可省略） - 示例1（主动）：They would hold a party the next day.（他们第二天会举办一场派对。） - （被动）：A party would be held (by them) the next day. - 示例2（主动）：She was going to buy a gift for me.（她打算给我买一份礼物。） - （被动）：A gift was going to be bought (by her) for me. 重点补充 1. by短语引出动作执行者，过去将来时被动中可省略，若强调执行者则保留（高考语法填空偶考by后的人称代词宾格）。 2. 例：The letter would be sent by her.（强调动作执行者her，不可省略） 3. 2. 短语动词的被动转换（高考易错点）：短语动词整体变被动，不可遗漏介词/副词。 4. 主动：They would look after the children.（他们会照顾孩子们。） 5. 被动：The children would be looked after (by them).（look after为短语动词，整体变被动） 高频易错 ① 遗漏be动词：错：The work would finished.（缺be）；对：The work would be finished. ② 过去分词变形错误：错：The book would be write.（write用原形，错误）；对：The book would be written. ③ was/were going to be done 单复数混淆：错：They was going to be invited.（was错误）；对：They were going to be invited. 单句语法填空 1. He said that the problem ________ (solve) the next week. 2. The meeting ________ (hold) the following day, so we prepared well. 3. She told me that a new park ________ (build) in our neighborhood. 4. ________ the letter ________ (send) by him the next morning? 5. The tasks ________ (not, finish) on time, according to the plan. 6. They said that the old building ________ (pull) down soon. 7. The gifts ________ (not, give) to the children until Christmas. 过去将来时态核心精练 基础版 用所给动词的正确形式填空，直击：过去将来时结构、单复数、被动语态、时态呼应高频考点。 1. He said he ________ (go) to Beijing the next day. 2. She told me she ________ (not, watch) TV that evening. 3. They ________ (be) going to have a party, but it rained. 4. The teacher said we ________ (have) a test the following week. 5. If he ________ (come) back, I ________ (tell) him the news. 6. She thought the work ________ (finish) soon. 7. ________ you ________ (go) with him the next morning? 8. He said the book ________ (sell) well and would be reprinted. 9. They were going to ________ (visit) their grandparents, but they were busy. 10. The letter ________ (not, send) until the next day, according to him. 进阶版 一、单句语法填空 1. She said she ________ (buy) a new dress for her daughter the next week. 2. He ________ (be) going to start a new job, but he changed his mind. 3. If you ________ (call) me, I ________ (pick) you up at the station. 4. The teacher told us that the exam ________ (not, be) too difficult. 5. They thought the old bridge ________ (pull) down soon. 6. When he ________ (arrive), we ________ (have) dinner together. 7. ________ the meeting ________ (hold) the next day? 8. She said the flowers ________ (water) by her mother every day and would grow well. 9. He was going to ________ (learn) English, but he was too busy. 10. We thought the problem ________ (solve) by the experts soon. 二、语法填空 阅读短文，用括号内动词的适当形式填空 Last week, my friend Tom told me that he 1________ (go) to his hometown the next month. He said his grandparents 2________ (wait) for him and he 3________ (spend) a week with them. He 4________ (be) going to take some gifts for them, including a pair of shoes for his grandma and a book for his grandpa. Tom also said that his hometown 5________ (change) a lot in recent years and a new park 6________ (build) there soon. He told me that he 7________ (show) me photos of the park when he came back. I asked him if he 8________ (visit) his old school, and he said he would. He said the school 9________ (be) very different now and a new teaching building 10________ (build) the next year. I hoped he would have a good time there. 过去将来时态过关达标练习 一、 单句语法填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He said he ________ (not, come) to the party that evening. 2. She ________ (be) going to see a movie, but she had to study for the exam. 3. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, we ________ (cancel) the picnic. 4. The teacher told us that we ________ (have) a holiday the next week. 5. The work ________ (finish) the next day, so we worked hard. 6. They said that a new hospital ________ (build) in their city soon. 7. ________ you ________ (help) me with my homework the next afternoon? 8. She thought the song ________ (sound) beautiful and would listen to it again. 9. He was going to ________ (play) basketball, but he got hurt. 10. The books ________ (not, send) to the school until the next month. 二、语法填空 阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Yesterday, my mom told me that she 1________ (go) to the supermarket the next morning. She said she 2________ (buy) some vegetables and fruit for our family. She 3________ (be) going to buy my favorite apples and oranges. My mom also said that the supermarket 4________ (have) a big sale the next day and many things 5________ (sell) at a low price. She told me that she 6________ (save) some money by buying things on sale. I asked her if she 7________ (take) me with her, and she said she would. I was very happy because I 8________ (want) to buy a new toy. My mom said that if I behaved well, she 9________ (buy) the toy for me. I told her I 10________ (be) a good boy and would not make trouble. 你都答对了吗？恭喜你成功晋级！下一关，解锁现在进行时态吧。 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $