高考英语写作必备话题句型165个 清单-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026-05-06
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高考英语写作必备话题句型 165 个 话题 1 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 2 话题 2 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度 4 话题 3 认识自我,丰富自我,完善自我 8 话题 4 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习&语言学习的规律、方法等 10 话题 5 优秀品行,正确的人生态度,公民义务与社会责任&生命的意义与价值、生命安全 13 话题 6 未来职业发展趋势,个人职业倾向、未来规划等&创新与创业意识 15 话题 7 良好的人际关系与社会交往&跨文化沟通、包容与合作 18 话题 8 公益事业与志愿服务&重要国际组织与社会公益机构 22 话题 9 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等 24 话题 10 绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物&影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展 26 话题 11 日常体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神 29 话题 12 文化习俗与传统节日 30 话题 13 对社会有突出贡献的人物&劳动实践,劳动价值与工匠精神 31 话题 14 物质与非物质文化遗产 33 话题 15 社会热点问题&社会进步与人类文明发展&农业发展、乡村振兴 34 话题 16 重大政治、历史事件,文化渊源&国家安全&法律常识与法治意识等 37 话题 17 科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神&信息安全、网络安全 39 话题 18 不同国家地理概况 40 话题 19 自然环境、自然遗产保护 42 话题 20 人与环境、人与动植物、生态环境、国土安全&人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 43 话题 21 自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护 46 话题 22 自然科学研究成果&地球与宇宙奥秘探索 48 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 话题 1 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 ①be of+抽象名词 “be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质。 常见的抽象名词有 importance,value,use,help, benefit,significance 等,这些名词可用 great, little,some,any,no,not,much 等修饰,用以说明程度。 1. [教材原句,译林选必三 P86]Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit to us. 多锻炼身体会对我们有极大的益处。 2. [教材原句,译林选必三 U2 P17]Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 3. [教材原句,译林必修三 U4 P53]The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 科学是有价值的第一个方面是大家都熟悉的:科学知识使我们能够做和制造各种各样的事情。 ②one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数 “one of +(the+)最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”。 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 U3 P46] One of the most famous places in the world for karsts is Guilin. 桂林是世界上最著名的喀斯特景点之一。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必三 U8 P43] Li Bai, one of China’s greatest poets, wrote poetry during the Tang Dynasty. 李白是中国最伟大的诗人之一,他的诗创作于唐朝。 3. [ 教材改编, 外研必修二 U3 P36] Football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate. 足球已经成为人们最好的交流方式之一。 ③“more than one+可数名词单数”作主语 more than one 意为“不止一个”,后跟可数名词单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。 1. [教材原句,外研必修三 U3 P43]Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened. 尽管已经证实富兰克林的实验确实发生过,但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。("more than one+可数名词单数"作主语) 2. [教材原句,外研必修三 U3 P32]More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. 不止一代的小学生被他的勇敢和他寻找真相的科学方法所震惊。 ④形容词短语作后置定语 当形容词本身带有修饰语,从而形成一个形容词词组(短语)时,通常后置。 · 形容词词组(短语)的构成可有以下几种:(1)形容词+介词短语;(2)形容词+不定式;(3) 形容词比较级+than 结构;(4)当 as/so...as 结构中修饰语较长时,名词通常位于 as/so...as 结构之前;(5)当 long,wide,thick,high,deep,old 等表示长、宽、厚、高、深、年龄等意义 的词和数词连用时,形容词要后位。 1. [教材原句,人教选必三 U2 P15]You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 你有能力建立一种充满好习惯的快乐且健康的生活! 2. The manager thinks he is a man suitable for the project. 这个经理认为他是适合做这个项目的人。 ⑤形容词短语作状语 形容词(短语)可作状语,其位置可以是句首、句中或句末。形容词作状语,有时可以看成是 “being+形容词”结构或 when,if,because 等从句的省略,表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、强调、条件等。 形容词作状语有时对主语进行解释,说明主语是什么一种情况。形容词作状语可以修饰整个句子,有时也可修饰单个副词。 1[. 教材原句,外研必修二 U6 P62]Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 有些人不再在海里游泳,因为害怕电影中可怕的生物。 2.[教材原句,译林必修三 P87]Three days later, the travellers arrived home safe and sound. 三天之后,游客们安然无恙地回到了家。 ⑥比较级+and+比较级 “比较级+and+比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越……” 1.[教材原句,译林选必二 U4 P45]As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 2.[教材改编,北师大选必二 P85]We should not ignore the fact that pollution is still a serious problem though our environment is getting better and better. 我们不应该忽视这一事实:尽管我们的环境正在变得越来越好,污染仍然是一个严重的问题。 3.[教材原句,外研必修一 P144]I think Chinese will be more and more popular in the future. 我认为汉语在未来会越来越受欢迎。 ⑦make+宾语+adj. make+宾语+adj.意为“使,让某人/某事(变得)……”。 1.[ 教材改编, 人教必修三 U4 P41 ] Disasters that happened in the space exploration made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 在太空探索中发生的灾难让每个人都感到伤心和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修一 U1 P15]To make school life healthier and livelier for his students, Zhang Tian introduced more subjects to the school. 为了让学生们的学校生活更健康、更生动有趣,张天为学校引入了更多的科目。 ⑧as+adj./adv.+as... · as...as...像……一样,第一个 as 为副词,修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个 as 可以是连词,引导比较状语从句;也可以是介词,后加名词或代词。 · 若涉及数量和程度,可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+ as"。此外还有“as+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数”和“as+adj. +可数名词复数”结构。 · as...as possible/sb. can 尽可能地……。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U5 P41]The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can. 最重要的是尽可能地保护自己。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U5 P46]I fought as hard as I could but it was useless. 我尽了最大的努力,但这是没有用的。 ⑨the+比较级..., the+比较级... · “the+比较级..., the+比较级...”句型,意为“越……,就越……”,表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的,一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 · 从结构上看,第一个“the+ 比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句;在表示将来意义的情况时,从句用一般现在时表示将来;第二个“the+比较级...”是主句,用一般将来时。 · 本结构中常用省略结构。 1. [教材原句,译林选必四 U4 P44]The more I learn, the better I know how much there is still left to learn. 我学得越多,我就越知道还有多少东西要学。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修二 P81]The more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they became. 人们在社交媒体上花的时间越多,他们就越不开心。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...) ⑩nothing is+形容词比较级+than... 本句中形容词比较级与否定词连用,表达最高级含义。常用的否定词有:no, not, never, nothing, nobody,hardly 等,其意义为:没有比这更……的了。 1. [教材原句,人教必修三 P92]In my eyes, nothing is better than your presence. 依我看,没有什么比你出席更好的了。 2. [教材改编,人教必修三 U2 P16]To a person nothing is more precious than their life. 对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更宝贵的了。 3. [教材原句,人教必修三 P92]To me, nothing can be more important than a healthy body. 对我来说,没有什么比健康的身体更重要。 话题 2 健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度 ①动词+双宾语 英语中有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,成为双宾语及物动词。这类动词有一类称为“给予型动词”,总是把指人的间接宾语放在指物的直接宾语前。 · 一些动词,其间接宾语可以后置,由介词 to 引起,变成介词短语。这类动词有 bring,give, grant,offer,own,pass,promise,teach,tell,take 等; · 一些动词,其间接宾语可以后置,由介词 for 引导,变为介词短语。这类动词有 find,fix,fetch, prepare,buy,make,order,get 等;一些动词后跟两个直接宾语,称为“双直接宾语及物动词”,指人的直接宾语总是放在指物的 直接宾语前面。这类动词后通常不用 to 或 for 引导指人的直接宾语,但有时可用其他介词。这类动词有 ask,answer,hit,keep,call,charge 等。 1. [教材改编,人教必修二 U1 P10]My teacher just gave us a task that I really don’t know how to do. 我的老师刚刚给我们布置了一个任务,我真的不知道该怎么做。 2. [教材原句,人教必修一 WELCOME UNIT P6]Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. 蒂姆每周都给他的父母写邮件,告诉他们在船上发生的事情。 3. [教材改编,人教必修一 WELCOME UNIT P6]That summer night, he told us a funny story, which impressed us a lot. 那个夏天的晚上,他给我们讲了一个有趣的故事,这给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ②find+宾语+宾补 find 后接复合宾语时常用以下形式: find+宾语+ 形容词副词 介词短语注意: 如果 find 的宾语是动词不定式或从 句,而其后有宾语补足语时,习惯上用形式宾语 it 来代替,并把真正的宾语放在后面。 现在分词(表示主动)过去分词(表示被动) 1. [教材改编,外研选必二 U1 P3]Because I contribute to the household bills, I find it hard to save any money. 因为我要支付家庭账单,所以我发现很难存钱。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必三 U8 P28]I find detective stories exciting and stimulating. 我觉得侦探小说令人兴奋又刺激。 3. [教材原句,人教必修一 WELCOME UNIT P4]I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。 ③leave +宾语+宾补 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 P80]If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone's life with kindness and love. 如果你想在这个世界上留下印记,用善良和爱去改变别人的生活吧。 2[. 教材改编,北师大必修三 U7 P25]His style of painting often leaves the audience guessing as to the meaning of the work. 他的绘画风格经常让观众猜测作品的意义。 3. [教材原句,译林必修三 P83]She left me with the impression that she disliked me. 她给我的印象是她讨厌我。 ④have+宾语+宾补 · “have+宾语+宾补”的用法通常有下列三种: (1) have+宾语+动词原形(作宾补); (2) have+宾语+现在分词(作宾补); (3) have+宾语+过去分词(作宾补)。 1. [教材改编,人教必修二 P81]The continuous heavy rain had me trapped at home last week. 上周持续的大雨使我困在家里。 2. [教材改编,人教选必二 U5 P60]The boss has a staff of twenty people working for him. 这个老板让二十名职员为他工作。 3. [教材改编,人教必修二 U5 P56]The doctor wanted me to relax, so he had me listen to some music. 医生想让我放松,所以他让我听一些音乐。 ⑤make+n./pron.+n. · make+n./pron.+n. 意为“使或让某人成为……;使……当……”,宾语一般是人,它是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的 6 种用法之一,其他 5 种用法为: (1) “make+名词/代词+形容词(短语)”,意为“使……处于某种状态”。此处的形容词一般表示人的感受或情绪; (2) “make+名词/代词+不带 to 的动词不定式”,意为“迫使、强制某人做某事”,后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系; (3) “make+名词/代词+现在分词”,意为“使/让某人一直处于某种状态”,宾语补足语表示动作正在发生或进行,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系; (4) “make+名词/代词+过去分词”,意为“使/让别人做某事”,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系; (5) “make+名词/代词+介词短语”,意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。 1. [教材原句,外研必修一 U3 P34] Love and competition between the Brownlee brothers make them successful athletes. 布朗利兄弟之间的爱和竞争使他们成为成功的运动员。 2. [教材原句,人教必修一 U1 P13]All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻。 ⑥keep+宾语+v.-ing/v.-ed 作宾补 分词一般只在两类动词后作宾语补足语:①感觉、感官、意愿动词,②使役、致使动词。这种用法中的现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义,过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义,句式为: · 感觉、感官、意愿动词+宾语+现在分词宾语补足语→意义主动(正在进行) · 感觉、感官动词+宾语+过去分词宾语补足语→意义被动(已经完成) · 使役、致使动词+宾语+现在分词宾语补足语→意义主动(正在进行) · 使役、致使动词+宾语+过去分词宾语补足语→意义被动(已经完成) 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 P104]I am sorry to have kept you waiting.抱歉让你久等了。 2. [教材原句,译林必修一 P61]We will keep you informed as the project progresses. 随着项目的进展,我们将随时通知您。 3. [教材原句,外研选必二 U2 P24]If we keep the grass looking really neat, maybe people will realize they shouldn't walk on it. 如果我们让草坪看起来整洁,也许人们会意识到他们不应该在上面走。 4. [教材改编,外研选必一 P98]He kept the letter hidden in a drawer in his desk. 他把信藏在书桌的抽屉里。 ⑦had been done · had been done 是过去完成时的被动语态,表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 · 过去完成时被动语态的用法大致有下列几种: (1) 用在 told,said,knew,thought 等动词后的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。 (2) 当 before,when,by the time,until 等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及 by,before 后接过去的时间时,主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 (3) 在 It was the first / second / … time that …从句中,主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 (4) 在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 1. [教材原句,外研选必二 P85]By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built. 截至去年年底,已建成 120 座桥梁。 2. [教材原句,译林必修二 U3 P34]She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been passed down to him from his grandfather. 她终于找到了:一条简单又漂亮的表链,和他的金表很配,那只金表是他的祖父传给他的。 3. [教材原句,人教选必二 U3 P29]Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them. Sam 加入他们时,他们的晚餐已经吃完了。 ⑧动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位 · 常用到的动词有:catch 抓住,pull 拉,shake 握,seize 抓住,hit 打,take 抓住等。 · 常见的介词有 in,on,with,by 等。注意:在上述结构中,定冠词 the 不能换成物主代词,不能说 seize him by his arm。 1[. 教材原句,外研必修三 U3 P33]In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿确实是受到一个掉落的苹果的启发,但没有证据表明苹果砸到了他的头。 2. [教材原句,人教选必一 U4 P38] In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. 在法国和俄罗斯等国家,人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。 3. [教材改编,人教选必一 U4 P47]Many Mexicans like to touch people on the arm, which shows that they want to be friendly. 许多墨西哥人喜欢摸别人的胳膊,这表明他们想要友好。 ⑨would rather(not)do sth. would rather 意为“宁愿,宁可”,可省略为“’d rather”,后接动词原形,否定式为 would rather not,疑问句把 would 放在主语前。 拓展: (1) would rather/sooner+动词原形+than+动词原形 意为“宁愿……而不”,than 后面接动词原形(不带 to)。 I would rather play than study.比起学习,我更愿意玩。 (2) would rather sb. had not done sth.表示宁愿某人没做过某事,带有责备意味 I would rather you hadn’t said that.我宁愿你没那么说。 (3) would rather sb. did sth.表示希望某人将来做某事 I would rather you came in spring.我希望你春天能来。 1. [教材改编,译林选必三 U1 P7]I would rather visit Europe in summer. The weather is at its best in summer. 我宁愿在夏天去欧洲旅游。夏天是欧洲天气最好的时候。 2. [教材原句,人教选必三 P101]I’d rather not make any big purchases until we are well and truly out of debt. 在我们完全还清债务之前,我宁愿不买任何大件东西。 ⑩情态动词+have done may/might+动词完成式常用于推测过去的行为,表示“可能已经”。 can/could+动词完成式表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜,或提出委婉的批评。 must+动词完成式表示对过去行为的推断,具有较大的可能性,意为“一定……,想必……”。 should+动词完成式表示应该做的事而没有做。 1. [教材原句,译林选必四 P83]I’m a little disappointed in myself. I should have done better. 我对自己有点失望,我本该做得更好。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必四 P96]I thought Jenny was angry at me, but I may/might/could have been wrong. 我以为珍妮在生我的气,但我可能错了。 话题 3 认识自我,丰富自我,完善自我 ①动词不定式作主语 · 不定式(短语)作主语时,往往由 it 代替它作形式主语,不定式移至谓语之后,这种情况多见于口语中。 · 不定式作主语时,在很多情况下都可用动名词替代。但是,如果作主语的不定式是固定说法, 或表示较强烈的对比,或某些具体情况等,通常不用动名词代替。 · 有时候,作主语的不定式相当于一个条件从句。如果作主语的不定式短语是“及物动词+宾语”,常可以把这个宾语转换为主语,而把不定式移至句尾。 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 P103]It’s very important to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语是很重要的。 2. [教材原句,人教选必三 U2 P14]To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 改变坏习惯从来都不是容易的,即使做了很多尝试。 3. [教材原句,译林选必一 P94]To cook Chinese food is not easy. 做中国菜不容易。 ②动词不定式作表语 ①可表示目的,表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言; ②用于第一人称疑问句时,表示征求意见; ③用于被动语态,相当于 can/could,should,ought to,must,具体情态意义; ④可表示“同意,安排,命令,决定,劝告,意愿,禁止”等; ⑤不定式作表语,可用主动形式表示被动意义。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修一 U1 P11]My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 我的目标就是为自己在大学获得生物学学位作准备。 2[. 教材改编,人教选必一 P82]The test was to assess the level of students’ self-respect rather than their academic achievement. 该测试旨在评估学生的自尊水平,而不是学业成绩。 3[. 教材原句,人教必修一 P80]The only way to solve the problem of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you are not one! 解决糟糕游客问题的唯一方法就是确保你不是其中之一! ③动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面,与名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。 1. [教材改编,人教选必二 U4 P41]When they heard that the Sea-to-Sky Highway was Canada’s most scenic drive, they made West Vancouver their first destination to visit. 当他们听说海天公路是加拿大风景最美的公路时,他们把西温哥华作为他们游览的第一个目的地。 2. [教材改编,人教必修三 U4 P40]Some scientists were determined to help humans realise the dream to explore space. 一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 ④动词不定式作目的状语 · 动词不定式作目的状语的常见句型有: (1) 直接用不定式作目的状语 (2) in order to+v.作目的状语 (3) so as to+v.作目的状语 (4) “so+adv.+as to+v.”结构表示目的 1. [教材原句,译林必修二 U1 P3]To make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research, find and build objects. 为了使一部电影看起来真实,有时必须付出巨大的努力去研究、发现和建造物体。 2. [教材改编,人教必修三 U3 P28]To earn a living, some Chinese people opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 为了谋生,一些中国人在唐人街开起了商店和餐馆。 ⑤动词不定式作原因状语 动词不定式短语作原因状语主要有两种类型:一是位于表示感情的不及物动词之后,说明动词发出动作的原因;一是位于作表语的形容词和过去分词之后,说明形容词和过去分词。 1.[教材改编,人教必修二 P87]We were amazed to hear so many types of music! 我们很惊讶能听到这么多类型的音乐! 2[. 教材原句,外研必修二 U4 P42]I’m thrilled to see Chinese culture presented in such an amazing and magical way. 看到中国文化以如此神奇的方式呈现,我很激动。 3. [教材原句,人教必修三 P99]We were surprised to find that he had already left. 我们惊讶地发现他已经走了。 话题 4 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习&语言学习的规律、方法等 ①特殊疑问词+动词不定式 · “疑问词+不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。 · 在“疑问词+不定式”结构中,不定式必须用主动式,不能用被动式表示。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修一 P91]I know who to turn to for help when I’m in trouble. 我知道遇到麻烦时该向谁求助。 2. [教材原句,人教选必三 P104]When to start has not been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没有决定。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修一 P91]Could you tell me how to get to the airport? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗? ②there be+n./pron.+to do 在 There be 句型中,动词不定式作定语,被修饰的中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,用主动式与被动式均可,意义没多大区别,所以一般情况下多用主动形式表被动意义。但是当讲话人去执行不定式的动作,表示义务、责任或必要性时,多用主动形式;由别人去执行动作,表示可能性时,多用主动形式。 1[. 教材原句,人教必修二 U4 P41]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. 关于英国有趣的历史和文化,还有很多值得学习的地方。 2[. 教材原句,人教选必四 U4 P39]Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. 地板上铺着新鲜的草,有一个平台供我和珍妮睡觉。 3.[教材原句,人教必修二 P82]There is just so much ancient history to explore here. 这里有太多的古老历史值得探索。(there be+n.+to do) ③get+宾语+to do sth. 此处表示让某人或某物做某事。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P92]I got my grandson to show me how to send an email and search the web, which I now love. 我让我的孙子教我如何发送电子邮件和搜索网页,我现在很喜欢。(get+宾语+to do sth.) 2.[教材原句,人教必修三 U2 P15]It was a bit dangerous, but he got all the cars to stop. 虽然有点危险,但他让所有的车都停下了。 ④seem to do... seem to do...中的 seem 意为“好像,似乎”,有时也用以缓和语气,意为“感到好像,觉得似乎”。 1. [教材原句,人教选必一 U4 P39]Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。 2. [教材原句,外研选必一 P82]The surgery on my knee seemed to do the trick. 我膝盖上的手术似乎起了作用。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修二 P83]When I tried to call, the phone didn’t seem to connect. 当我试着打电话时,电话似乎无法接通。 ⑤too...to... 本句型是肯定形式表示否定意义,too 后可用形容词或副词,不定式作结果状语。 1[. 教材原句,北师大必修二 P78]We are all very proud of her as she has proven that it’s never too late to learn a new skill. 我们都为她感到骄傲,因为她证明了学习一项新技能永远都不晚。 2. [教材原句,人教必修一 U1 P19]There is a girl I like in my class, but I'm too shy to talk to her. 我们班上有一个我喜欢的女孩,但是我太害羞了,不敢和她说话。 3. [教材改编,北师大必修一 P79]When I get home, I’m usually too tired to do anything. 当我回到家,我通常太累了,什么都不想做。 ⑥the+first+n.+to do · 当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有 the only, the last, the best 等时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。 · 在 time,way,chance,opportunity,ability,promise,attempt 等名词后,常用不定式作后置定语,表示将要发生的动作。 1.[教材原句,人教选必三 U5 P53]Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 泰戈尔是第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的亚洲人。 2[. 教材改编,北师大必修一 U1 P11]The girl is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class. 这个女孩是她班上第一个加入志愿者俱乐部的人。 3.[教材改编,外研选必三 U1 P8]He was the first person to break the silence. 他是第一个打破沉默的人。 ⑦in order to do in order to do sth.表示“目的是;以便;为了”。 拓展 引导目的状语从句时,in order to do sth.与 so that,in order that 可以互换,如: (1) 为了工作好,我们必须保持身体健康。 In order to work well, we must keep fit. = We must keep fit so that/in order that we may work well. (2) 为了让你注意其区别,我再弹一遍。 I’ll play it again in order for you to notice the difference. = I’ll play it again so that/in order that you. 1. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U6 P62]In order to test the medicine, Tu Youyou and her team tested the medicine on their own bodies. 为了测试这种药物,屠呦呦和她的团队在他们自己的身上测试了这种药物。 2. [教材原句,人教必修二 U1 P9]Chen Lei is a senior teacher who takes photos of old buildings in Wuhan in order to preserve the city’s cultural heritage. 陈磊是一名高级教师,在武汉拍摄老建筑的照片,为的是保护这座城市的文化遗产。 3. [教材改编,人教必修二 U1 P3] The volunteers visit middle schools in the area in order to talk to local teenagers. 志愿者们访问了该地区的中学,以便与当地青少年交谈。 ⑧so...as to... · so...as(not) to... 意为“如此……以至于……”,该结构表示结果,可与句型 so... that...相互转换。so as to do sth.表示目的(位于句中),相当于 in order to do sth. (可位于句首或句中),可以和 so that 和 in order that 引导的目的状语从句互换。 1. [教材原句,译林必修三 P99]Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. 唱得很好,在歌唱比赛中得了第一名。 2. [教材改编,人教选必三 P95]I am not so foolish as to hope that I could buy your heart with my gifts. 我还没有傻到指望用我的礼物买你的心。 3. [教材改编,外研选必四 U2 P21]If any of you should find the dove, would you be so kind as to give it back to us? 如果你们当中有人找到那只鸽子,能好心把它还给我们吗? ⑨happen to do sth. · sth. happens/happened to sb.某事发生在某人身上 do sth.某人碰巧做某事 · sb.happens/happened to+ be doing sth.某人碰巧正在做某事 have done sth.某人碰巧做过某事 · It happens/happened that...碰巧…… 1. [教材改编,外研选必二 U3 P35]Anyone who happens to leave their mobile phone at home will still have no use for a phone box. 任何碰巧把手机忘在家里的人都不会再用电话亭了。 2. [教材原句,人教选必四 P99]I happened to have read that book before. 我碰巧以前读过那本书。 ⑩way to do sth. · way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式”,动词不定式作定语。 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 U3 P45]Eight out of 15 students said that playing one-on-one sports is their favourite way to get exercise, like ping-pong or badminton. 15 名学生中有 8 人表示,进行一对一的运动是他们最喜欢的锻炼方式,比如乒乓球运动或羽毛球运动。 2. [教材改编,人教必修一 U1 P14]I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会想办法自己提高的,这样明年我就能进入球队了。 话题 5 优秀品行,正确的人生态度,公民义务与社会责任&生命的意义与价值、生命安全 ①enough to do sth.作状语 · enough to do sth.意为“足以”,动词不定式(短语)作程度状语。 1. [教材改编,外研必修二 U3 P26]Football is fun enough to attract millions of people. 足球很有趣,足以吸引数百万人。 2. [教材原句,外研必修二 P119]The room is large enough to take a third bed. 这个房间很大,足够放下第三张床。 ②have no choice but to do sth. have no choice but to…意为“别无选择,只能……”。 1[. 教材原句,译林选必一 U4 P51]When faced with two paths, people have no choice but to make a decision and see what will happen. 当面对两条道路时,人们别无选择,只能做出决定,看看会发生什么。 2[. 教材原句,译林必修三 P92]The company has no choice but to cut back on staff at the moment. 公司现在别无选择,只能裁员。 3. [教材原句,外研选必三 U4 P52]We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it. 我们别无选择,只能接受并且规范它。 ③can’t wait to do sth. · can’t wait/can hardly wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”。 1. [教材原句,译林选必二 P78]Looking up at the brilliant blue sky and then at the faraway mountains rising above the swaying palm trees, they couldn't wait to start their holiday. 他们抬头望着湛蓝的天空,然后望着远处耸立在摇曳的棕榈树上的群山,迫不及待地开始了他们的假期。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必四 U10 P17]They are going to visit us in London next year and I can't wait to show them around. 他们明年要到伦敦来看我们,我迫不及待地要带他们四处看看。 3[. 教材原句,译林必修一 U1 P2]I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 我迫不及待地要向你描述高中生活是什么样子的。 ④when it comes to... 此处表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时” 1. [教材原句,北师大选必一 P80] Some young people do have difficulties in maintaining a balanced life when it comes to the Internet. 当提及互联网时,一些年轻人确实很难保持平衡的生活。 2. [教材原句,人教必修三 P76]When it comes to seeing a game in person, baseball is by far the most popular sport in America. 当谈到亲自到场观看比赛时,棒球在美国显然是最受欢迎的运动。 ⑤it be+adj.+to do sth. 该句型中,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 不定式。如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加逻辑主语,其结构为: it be difficult/easy/important/impossible/necesssary…for sb. it be honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise…of sb. +to do… 1. [教材原句,人教选必三 U1 P2]As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. 由于西方艺术有如此多不同的风格,在一个简短的文本中把它们都描述出来是不可能的。 2[. 教材原句,北师大必修一 U1 P8]It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. 在我购买之前,可以比较不同网上商店的质量和价格,这是非常方便的。 ⑥it is+名词+(for sb. )to do... 此处 it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 to do 不定式。 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 P104]It's a great honour for me to be invited to Mary's birthday party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 2. [教材原句,外研必修一 U1 P9]It's a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students. 这是新生了解学校和其他学生的绝佳机会。 ⑦it takes/ took sb. some time to do sth. 此处表示“做某事需要多长时间”,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为 to do 不定式。 1. [教材原句,人教必修三 P92]It took us at least three hours to get to the top of the mountain, but the view up there is worth it. 到达山顶至少花了我们三个小时,但上面的风景值得一看。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修三 U8 P47]Yesterday morning, it took my dad an hour to drive me to school in his car and therefore he was late for work.昨天早上,我爸爸花了一个小时开车送我去学校,因此他上班迟到了。 3. [教材原句,北师大选必一 U3 P58]This morning, it took me 40 minutes to go downtown. 今天早上,我花了 40 分钟去市中心。 ⑧it’s time to do sth. 是做某事的时候了拓展 It’s (high/about) time that sb. should do/did sth. 该是某人做某事的时间了。 It/This is the first/second/...time that sb. have /has done sth. 这是某人第一/二……次做某事。 It/This was the first/second/...time that sb. had done sth. 这是某人第一/二……次做某事。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修二 P96]It's time to prepare for our final exam. 该准备期末考试了。(it's time to do sth.) 2.[教材改编,北师大选必二 U5 P40]It's time to water the flowers. 该给花浇水了。 ⑨sb. /sth. be believed to sth. “It is+过去分词+that...”这个句型可以与“sb./sth. be+过去分词+to do...”之间相互转换,根据具体情况,句子不定式可用一般式、进行式或完成式。 1. [教材原句,译林选必一 P77] Homer, a famous poet of ancient Greece, is believed to have created the classic stories of the Iliad and the Odyssey. 古希腊著名诗人荷马被认为是《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》这两个经典故事的作者。 2. [ 教材原句, 译林必修二 U2 P26] I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, which are believed to form the unity of opposites. 我发现太极拳深深植根于中国的阴阳哲学,中国哲学认为阴和阳是既对立又统一的。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 U4 P78]French is believed to be the most romantic language. 法语被认为是最浪漫的语言。 ⑩it’s up to sb. to do sth. · it’s up to sb. to do sth.意为“该由某人来做某事”。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必三 U7 P15]The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it. 事实是,你是你职业生涯的老板,由你来决定你能做什么以及你能做得多好。 2. [教材原句,外研选必四 U2 P15]It's up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values. 要靠我们自己去发现生活中什么是重要的,并建立我们自己的价值观。 3. [教材原句,人教必修二 P70] Now it is up to us to make sure that the deer live happily ever after. 现在要靠我们来确保小鹿从此过上幸福的生活。 话题 6 未来职业发展趋势,个人职业倾向、未来规划等&创新与创业意识 ①it is possible to do… it is possible to do…意为“有可能做……”,it 是形式主语,不定式是真正的宾语。 [教材原句,外研必修三 U3 P27]In terms of the environment, it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. 在环境方面,现在有可能建造智能可移动房屋。 1. [教材改编,人教选必四 P69]In many areas of Australia, it’s possible to visit the rock art accompanied by an Aboriginal person. 在澳大利亚的许多地区,你可以在土著居民的陪同下参观岩石艺术。 2. [教材原句,人教选必一 P95] As it turns out, it is possible to grow plants without using soil at all. 事实证明,完全不使用土壤也可以种植植物。 ②there is/was no need (for sb.) to do sth. (1)(某人)不必做某事 (2)(某人)不要做某事 1. [教材改编,人教必修二 U5 P58] As it turned out, there was no need to be nervous because all my hard work paid off and I played the piano perfectly. 结果证明,没有必要紧张,因为我所有的努力都得到了回报,我钢琴弹得很完美。 2. [教材原句,外研选必四 U5 P54]While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options. 虽然我们没有必要畏避新的情况,但我们应该总是先调查这些事情,并考虑我们的选择。 3.[教材原句,北师大选必四 U10 P25]They told her there was no need to cry but Anne continued to be upset. 他们告诉她没有必要哭,但安妮仍然不高兴。 ③动词-ing 形式作主语 · v.-ing 作主语时 v.-ing 是动名词,通常表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作,不与特定的动作执行者联在一起,多用于说话者对所述的动作有过经验或多次做过。其常用句型通常有以下 5种: (1) “主语(动名词)+系动词+表语”句型 (2) “主语(动名词)+谓语动词+宾语”句型 (3) “主语(动名词)+be+v.-ed”句型 (4) “There be +no+动名词”句型 (5) 用 it 作形式主语,即“It is+adj./n.+主语(动名词)”句型 1. [教材原句,北师大必修一 P94]Being a doctor means I have to make correct decisions all the time, which puts a lot of pressure on me. 作为一名医生意味着我总是要作出正确的决定,这给我带来很大的压力。 2. [教材原句,外研必修二 U1 P9] Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other's days. 一起做饭让我们有机会放松,了解彼此的生活。 ④动词-ing 形式作表语 · 动名词短语作表语起名词的作用,表示主语的内容,主语和表语通常是对等的关系,主语、 表语可互换位置。 1.[教材改编,人教选必一 U4 P44]My duty is helping every student to learn. 我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。 2.[教材原句,人教选必二 U5 P50]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是急救。 3.[教材原句,人教必修三 P98]The most important thing is getting there in time. 最重要的事是及时到达那里。 ⑤现在分词短语作定语 现在分词短语作定语,与被修饰词在逻辑上有主谓关系,相当于一个定语从句。它表示的动作是正在进行的或与谓语动词表示的动作几乎同时发生。 1. [教材原句,外研选必一 U4 P39]He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the "Dragon Gate". 他对一条鱼跳"龙门"的古老故事特别感兴趣。 2. The boy singing in the classroom is his best friend. 在教室里唱歌的那个男孩是他最好的朋友。 ⑥动词-ing 形式作伴随状语 · 现在分词作伴随状语一般后位,所表示的动作是次要的,用来说明主要动作。分词发生的动 作差不多与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 1. [教材原句,人教必修三 P98]She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. 她坐在书桌旁看报纸。 2. [教材原句,人教选必二 U4 P38] Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. 看着美丽的风景,他们都认为这是他们经历过的最棒的旅行。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修一 U1 P14]After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired. 漫长的一天过后,张天疲惫不堪,终于回到了自己的小窝。 ⑦动词-ing 形式作原因状语 分词(短语)作原因状语可用一般式,也可用分词完成式。分词一般式的动作与句中谓语动词动作同时发生;分词完成式的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作。 1[. 教材改编,译林必修三 U4 P54]It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom. 作为科学家,我们有责任声明这种自由的价值,因为我们知道思想自由的成果是巨大的进步。 2.[教材原句,译林必修三 P100]Having a bad cold, Tom didn't go to the theatre. 因为重感冒,汤姆没有去看戏。 ⑧动词-ing 形式作结果状语 此处动词-ing 形式可用作状语,常表示原因、时间、伴随情况、条件等。 1. [教材改编,人教选必二 U5 P56]In 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. 1974 年,美国医生亨利▪海姆利希发明了海姆立克急救法,挽救了世界各地成千上万人的生命。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修一 P81] The series is about country life and the main character is a young farmer, making the popularity of the series all the more surprising. 该剧讲述的是乡村生活,主角是一位年轻的农民,这使得该剧的受欢迎程度更加令人惊讶。 ⑨动词-ing 形式作时间状语 作时间状语的分词短语也可放在主语后或句尾,放在句尾时最强调。如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生,分词应放在句尾。 如果分词表示的动作先发生,谓语动词动作紧挨着就发生,分词短语应放在句首,不能放在句尾。 1. [教材原句,人教选必二 P107]A minute ago, she fell down while trying to open the window. 一分钟前,她在试图打开窗户时摔倒了。 2. [教材原句,译林必修三 P100]Having worked for over 30 years, Mr Wang retired last month. 王先生工作了 30 多年后,上个月退休了。 3. [教材原句,译林必修三 P100]Walking along the street, I saw an old friend. 走在街上时,我看见一位老朋友。 ⑩动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构 动名词可以有逻辑主语,一般规则是:①逻辑主语是有生命名词时,用名词或代词所有格(若作主语时,其逻辑主语只用所有格,若作宾语,逻辑主语也可用通格);②逻辑主语是无生命名词、抽象概念名词或句子时,只用通格;③逻辑主语是以 s 结尾的名词或是一个以上名词构成的词组,只用通格;④逻辑主语是数词、指示代词或不定代词 this, that, there, somebody, someone, nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时,一般用通格。 1. [教材原句,人教选必二 P107]I hope you don't mind my saying that. 我希望你不介意我这么说。(动名词的复合结构) 2. [教材原句,译林必修二 P92]He lay on the grass, his head resting upon his arms. 他躺在草地上,头枕在胳膊上。 3. [教材原句,人教选必二 P107]He said nothing about us losing the game. 对于我们输掉比赛,他什么也没有说。 话题 7 良好的人际关系与社会交往&跨文化沟通、包容与合作 ①see+宾语+doing…看见……正在做…… 该结构中,现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。拓展 感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,hear,feel 等后面的宾语补足语通常有三种形式。以 see 为例: see+宾语 do sth.看见……做了某事(强调动作的全过程) doing sth.看见……正在做某事(宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系) 1.[教材原句,人教选必四 U4 P38]When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, saw us coming and started crying. 当我们到达村庄的时候,Tombe 的母亲 Kiak 看到我们走来,开始大哭。 2.[教材原句,人教必修二 P99]People last saw the lost girl playing near the river. 人们最后看到那个走失的女孩是在河边玩耍。 ②can’t help but do sth. · sb. cannot help but do sth.=sb. cannot help (doing) sth. 意为“某人忍不住(或无法抑制)做某事;不可能避免某事”。 1. [教材原句,人教选必一 U2 P16] He insisted that everything in the smart home would be all right. However, I could not help but feel anxious. 他坚持认为,智能家居中的一切都会很好。然而,我不禁感到焦虑。 2. [教材原句,外研选必四 U1 P9]When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 当读《未选择的路》时,人们的脑海中会浮现出乡村深处宁静的树林。 3. [ 教材改编, 译林选必二 P63 ] Workers cannot help but complain about the poor working conditions. 工人们忍不住抱怨恶劣的工作条件。 ③have a hard time doing... · have a hard time doing...意为“做……很难”,类似的表达还有 have a good time doing sth.“做某事很快乐”、have difficulty/trouble doing sth.“做某事有困难”、have fun doing sth. “做某事很快乐”。 1. [教材原句,外研必修三 U1 P5]When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 当 Riley 搬到一个新的城市,她很难适应新环境。 2. I had a hard time persuading him to accept the plan. 我费了好大劲才说服他接受这个计划。 ④have difficulty(in) doing sth. · have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难(麻烦);做某事费劲 · have difficulty/trouble with sth.在某事方面有困难(麻烦) · do sth. with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事有/没有困难(麻烦) 1. [教材原句,译林选必四 U3 P42]Did you have any difficulty writing your career plan? 你在写你的职业规划时有困难吗? 2. [教材改编,北师大必修二 U5 P37]The next to go was Jack, who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个要走的是杰克,他走路很困难。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 P98]It was such a cold day that we stayed home. 青少年可能在维持他们的友谊方面有困难。 ⑤on/upon doing sth. on/upon+n./doing sth. 表示“就在……之后;一……就……”,相当于 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。 1[. 教材改编,外研选必四 U1 P2]On leaving high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业,他就加入了当地的一家报社,成为一名见习记者。 2. [教材原句,人教选必一 P96]Upon graduating, he joined a small law firm. 一毕业,他就加入了一个小的律师事务所。 3. [教材改编,外研必修三 U2 P20] On leaving school, he worked in banks in Germany and France. 一离开学校,他就在德国和法国的银行工作。 ⑥"once+过去分词"作状语 此处为 once 引导的条件句的省略。当主句的主语与主句中的主语是指的同一人或事,且谓动词中有 be 时,从句的主语和 be 可以省略。当从句中的主语是 it,且谓语动词中有 be 时,可以省略 it 和 be。 1. Once recovered, my mother went to work and made every effort to do her job well. 身体一康复,我的妈妈就去上班了,并尽一切努力把工作做好。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必四 U10 P9]Once released, the results were published in the magazine Psychology Today(《今日心理学》). 研究结果一经公布,就会被发表在《今日心理学》杂志上。 3. [教材原句,人教选必三 P81]Projects, once set up, require less to maintain. 项目一旦建立起来,需要的维护就很少。 ⑦be doing…when…正在做……这时突然…… 该结构中 when 用作并列连词,意为"这时突然",相当于 and at this/that time。拓展: when 表示"这时突然"之意,还用于以下三个句型: (1) be about to do…when…正要做……突然…… (2) be on the point of doing…when…正要做……突然…… (3) had (just) done…when…刚做完……这时突然…… We were about to set off when it suddenly began to snow.我们正打算动身,突然下起了雪。 I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes.我正要放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。 She had just fallen asleep when someone knocked at the door.刚睡着,这时有人敲门。 1. [教材改编,北师大必修三 U7 P9] I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set. 太阳下山时,我和两个朋友正走在路上。 2. .[教材原句,译林必修二 U4 P44]A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一名男子正在海滩上散步,这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳,他把它放到了耳边。 3.[教材改编,人教必修一 U4 P54] I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和三个孩子正在吃早餐,突然屋里开始进水。 ⑧while 作并列连词 (1) while 用作并列连词时,表示“而,却”,构成并列句。 (2) while 既可用作连词,也可用作名词: · 表示“在……期间,当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句 · 表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句 · 表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句 · 用作名词,表示“一会儿,一段时间”。如:after a while 过一会儿;once in a while 偶尔,间或 1. [教材改编,北师大必修一 P103]During the Mid-Autumn Festival, children usually play with lanterns while adults sit together, chatting and enjoying the moon. 在中秋节期间,孩子们通常玩灯笼,而成年人坐在一起聊天、赏月。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修三 U9 P68]Sometimes, my classmates argued with me about my posts, while others agreed with my ideas. 有时,我的同学和我争论我的帖子,而其他人同意我的想法。 ⑨neither…nor…既不……也不…… 该结构常用来连接两个平行结构。 若连接两个主语时,其位于谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,即"就近原则"。 neither…nor…连接两个句子且置于句首时,因 neither 和 nor 都是否定意义的词,前后两句都要用倒装语序。 拓展: 遵循"就近原则"的还有:either…or…,not only…but also…,not…but…,…or…,there be 句型等。 1[. 教材原句,人教必修三 U2 P20]Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 她和她的朋友们都没有想过把石头从路上移开。(neither…nor…) 2. [教材原句,北师大选必二 U6 P63]The film has neither good special effects nor good music. 影片既没有好的特效,也没有好的音乐。 ⑩either...or... · either...or... 是对两事物的选择,意为“要么……要么……;不是……就是……;或者……或者……”,它是表示选择关系的并列连词, 当它连接主语时,谓语动词按就近原则与主语保持一致。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U4 P17]You may express either positive or negative opinions about the use of the Internet.关于网络的使用,你可能会表达积极或者消极的观点。 2. [教材原句,外研选必四 U2 P23] Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird, the birds they find either change colour or die. 尽管他们非常努力地寻找蓝鸟,他们找到的鸟不是变色就是死亡。 话题 8 公益事业与志愿服务&重要国际组织与社会公益机构 ①be worth doing sth. worth 是表语形容词,后接名词、动名词或代词,worth 有时也可以作名词 be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事,应该做某事”。接动名词时,句中主语即是动名词(短语)意义上的宾语。注意: worth 后的动名词不可再有宾语;若动词不能用于被动语态,其动名词形式不可用作 worth 的宾语。例如:He though a merchant was worth being. The book is not worth reading it. 1. [教材改编,外研必修二 U6 P69] Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it is worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green. 环保意识现在已成为日常生活的一部分。但要弄清什么才是真正的绿色,有必要查看常见的想法和观点。 2. [教材改编,人教必修一 P95]I fully understand studying is something worth putting effort into. 我完全理解学习是一件值得付出努力的事情。 3. [教材原句,外研选必一 U4 P42]Indeed the exhibition is worth visiting, despite the over-priced tickets. 尽管票价过高,这个展览确实值得一看。 ②there’s no point in doing... 此处为 there be 句型,in 为介词,意思为“……是没有用的”。 1. [教材改编,人教选必四 U5 P55]Do you agree that there is no point in studying something that you like but you are not very good at? 你同意学习你喜欢但不擅长的东西是没有意义的吗? 2. There's no point in worrying over something that hasn't happened yet. 为尚未发生的事情而担忧是没有用的 3. There's no point in getting angry. 生气是没有用的。 ③“being + adj.”作状语 “being + adj.”作原因状语时相当于 as,since,because 引导的从句。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必四 U11 P30]Being single, Ma Ming often held parties at night, but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night. 马明是单身,他经常在晚上举办派对,但最大的问题是他总爱在深夜打鼓。 2. Being sick, she didn't attend the class yesterday. 昨天,她病了,没有去上课。 ④过去分词作定语 · 过去分词作定语时,表示的动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前或没有一定的时间,相当于被动 语态的定语从句。 · 过去分词作定语即可作前置定语也可作后置定语。 1. [教材原句,译林必修三 P101]The scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting. 你文章中提到的科学进展很有趣。 2. [教材改编,人教选必一 P96]Let's go and see the trees newly planted by the river. 我们去看看河边新种的树吧。 3. [教材原句,人教必修二 P100]Come and read the poem written by an eight-year-old boy! 来读这首一个八岁男孩写的诗吧! ⑤过去分词作状语 过去分词短语作状语可分为作条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、表示行为方式或伴随动作的状语、让步状语,句子的主语也是分词的逻辑主语,对谓语动词所表示的动作或行为发生的时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随情况进行修饰说明。 1. [教材原句,外研选必一 U3 P33]Led by Well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping, they have continued to aim high. 在中国著名排球运动员和教练郎平的带领下,她们继续保持着远大的目标。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必三 P94]Given more time and attention, you can do much better next time. 给你更多的时间和关注,你下次会做得更好。 ⑥doubt whether/if... 此处为 whether/if 引导宾语从句,表示是否。拓展: (1) whether 和 that 都可以引导宾语从句,但有所不同。如果宾语从句表示两种可能性居其一时,只能用 whether(or not 可省),不可用 that。 (2) 如果宾语从句表示的是一种事实,不带有两种可能的性质,要用 that,不用 whether。 (3) whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句,可以用肯定式,也可以用否定式,但含义时常不同。 He asked whether she could help. 他问是否能忙。(表示疑问,可加 or not) He asked whether she couldn’t help. 他认为能忙。(表示肯定,后不可加 or not) 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 U4 P38]To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all. 说实话,我怀疑我是否正在对这些孩子的生活产生任何影响。 2. She doubted whether the story was true. 她怀疑这故事是否真实。 ⑦wonder whether/if... wonder whether/if...表示“不知道是否……”,whether/if 引导宾语从句。 1[. 教材原句,北师大必修二 U5 P44]I enjoyed the film and I wondered if other people liked it, too. 我喜欢这部电影,我想知道其他人是否也喜欢它。 2.[教材改编,外研必修二 U4 P40]Tom wondered if Peking Opera is easier than a Shakespeare play to understand. 3[. 汤姆想知道京剧是否比莎士比亚戏剧更容易理解。 教材改编,译林必修一 P60]I wonder whether/if it’s really safe for high school students to travel to another country. 我想知道高中生到另一个国家旅行是否真的安全。 ⑧make sure (that)... 此处表示“确保;设法保证;查明,核实,弄清(某事属实或已做)” 1. [教材原句,译林必修二 U2 P17]To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织损伤,运动时一定要穿戴合适的衣服和装备。(make sure that…) 2. [教材原句,北师大必修一 U2 P38]Training too much can be bad for your health, so make sure you do not overdo it. 训练过度可能对你的健康有害,所以你要确保不要过度训练。 ⑨make+it+adj./n.+that 从句 · make + it + adj./n. + to do 常用于这种句型的动词还有:think,consider,find,feel 等 · make + it + no good/use/no value... + doing sth. 1. [教材原句,译林选必三 U3 P35]We have made it a rule that visitors must not touch the china vases. 我们已定了规矩,参观者不许碰瓷花瓶。 2. [教材原句,人教选必二 P105]He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很清楚地表示他更喜欢学英语。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 P100]They want to make it clear that language is an important tool. 他们想要表明语言是一种重要的工具。 ⑩that 引导同位语从句 · that 引导的同位语从句常作 news,fact,hope,idea,suggestion,promise,truth 等名词的同位语。 · that 引导同位语从句和定语从句时的区别在于:引导定语从句时,that 为关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,有意义;而引导同位语从句时,that 在从句中只起引导词的作用,不作成分,没有意义。 1. [教材改编,外研选必一 U3 P27] I know it inspires a lot of people who love the game of basketball to value the fact that you can work every single day to get better. 我知道这激励了很多热爱篮球运动的人去重视这样一个事实:你可以每天都努力变得更好。 2. [教材原句,译林选必三 P96]The news that we have won the race is encouraging.我们赢得了比赛的消息是振奋人心的。 3. [教材原句,译林选必二 P82]We finally drew the conclusion that she was lying.我们最终得出了她在说谎的结论。 话题 9 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等 ①not... but... not...but...不是……而是……,连接两个平行结构,当连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词要根据 but 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)。 1. [教材改编,外研选必一 U3 P36]The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. 奥运会上最重要的事情不是取胜,而是参与,正如生活中最重要的不是胜利,而是奋斗。 2[. 教材原句,译林必修二 P80]Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. 阅读很有趣,不是因为作者在告诉你什么,而是因为它让你的大脑工作。 ②not only...but (also)... not only...but also...不但.....而且 ,连接两个平行结构。当连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词 要根据 but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则);而且 not only 位于句首时,not only 后面的句子要用部分倒装,but also 后面的句子不倒装。 1. [教材改编,北师大必修二 P103] Firefighters not only put out fires, but also save people who are in danger. 消防员不仅扑灭火灾,而且拯救处于危险中的人。(not only...but also ) 2. [教材原句,译林选必一 U1 P6] Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It's healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking! 在家做饭不仅便宜,而且我完全可以做我想做的。这也更健康。难怪人们说什么都比不上家里做的好吃! 3. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P103]She not only plays well, but also sings well. 她不仅乐器玩得好,而且歌也唱得好。 ③rather than doing sth. (1) rather than 意为“而不是”,其连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语与 rather than 前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 常见的含 rather than 的句型有: would rather do...than do... would do...rather than do... prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……也不做…… 1[. 教材改编,外研选必二 P92]Rather than being afraid of new technology, the elderly have much to gain from it, and are embracing it fully. 老年人并不害怕新技术,他们能从新技术中获益良多,并完全接受新技术。(rather than) 2.[教材改编,外研选必四 P84] Rather than thinking with regret about things that have happened in the past, we should be facing our future with energy and optimism. 我们应该充满活力和乐观地面对未来,而不是对过去发生的事情感到遗憾。 ④when 引导定语从句 when 引导定语从句时,其先行词必须是表时间意义的词语,when 在定语从句中做时间状语 1. [教材原句,人教必修二 U5 P56] Have you ever faced a time ]when things looked dark and you had no hope at all? 你是否曾经面对过这样的时刻:事情看起来很黑暗,你完全没有希望? 2. [教材原句,北师大选必四 U12 P63]One day when he was 12 years old, he was sitting in his family kitchen watching a kettle boiling water. 12 岁那年的一天,他坐在家里的厨房里,看着一个水壶烧开水。 3. He still remembers the day when their English teacher first walked into the classroom. 他仍然记得他们的英语老师第一次走进教室的那一天。 ⑤where 引导定语从句 · 地点名词后可以接 where 引导的定语从句,但其他如 case,point,conditions,job 等表示“情况,方面”等的名词后亦可接 where 从句,这种用法的 where 相当于 under which,from which等,意为“在这种情况下,从……中”等。 · where 和 in which 均可引导定语从句,有时可以换用,但含义并不完全相同。 That is the city where she grew up.(仅指一个地点,the city 可省) That is the city in which she grew up.(强调“在……以内”,the city 不可省)注:in which 表示乘船或时间时,不能与 where 互换。 1.[教材原句,外研必修一 U5 P53]People were excited — the zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas. 人们都很兴奋——这个动物园是这个国家唯一可以看到熊猫的地方。 2[. 教材改编,人教必修二 U2 P17]In order to save African elephants, some countries have created reserves where they can live in peace and safety. 为了拯救非洲象,一些国家建立了保护区,在那里它们可以平静安全地生活 3.[教材改编,人教必修一 P111]The hotel where we stayed was very clean. 我们住的酒店非常干净。 话题 10 绘画、建筑等领域的代表性作品和人物&影视、音乐等领域的概况及其发展 ①whose 引导定语从句 whose 引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,既可代替人(=of whom),也可代替物whose =of which)。 1. [教材原句,外研选必三 U5 P51]People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's Art Science Museum. 对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必一 P97]They are the people whose houses caught fire. 他们就是那些房子着火的人。 ②which 引导非限制性定语从句 which 引导非限制性定语从句时,指物,which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。 1. [ 教材原句, 人教选必一 U3 P31 ] The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, which can be found in several parts of the world. 你最熟悉的主题公园可能是迪士尼乐园,它可以在世界上的几个地方找到。 2. [教材原句,人教必修一 U5 P68]I had to learn Latin, which I've always been interested in because I want to study law. 我必须学习拉丁语,我一直对拉丁语很感兴趣,因为我想学习法律。 ③"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句 “介词十关系代词”结构中介词的确定一般依据三点: · 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配来确定; · 根据与先行词搭配的具体含义来确定; · 根据所表达的意思来确定。 1. [教材原句,外研必修一 P77]Learning more about the animals with which we share the planet is key to helping protect them. 更多地了解与我们共享这个星球的动物是帮助保护它们的关键。 2. [教材原句,外研选必三 U6 P66]There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. 一年中没有一个月份的大自然比八月的更美丽。 ④“代词+of+which/whom”引导定语从句 常用到的不定代词有 all,both,few,little,a few,a little,either,neither,some,any some 等 1. [教材改编,外研必修一 U6 P66]England and France are joined by the Channel Tunnel, a rail tunnel with a length of about 50 kilometres, most of which is under the sea. 英法两国由海峡隧道连接,这是一条长约 50 公里的铁路隧道,大部分位于海底。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必四 U10 P18]There were a wide variety of acts in the festival, most of which were singing and dancing. 这个节日里有各种各样的表演,其中大部分是唱歌和跳舞。 3. [教材改编,人教选必一 U1 P3]The medicine was tested on patients, most of whom recovered. 这种药在患者身上进行了试验,大多数患者都康复了。 ⑤as 引导定语从句 · as 引导非限制性定语从句时,常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语,从句可位于句首、句中或句末。 · as 引导定语从句的常用句式有: as is known to us all/as we all know 众所周知 as we can see 正如我们所看到的 as is reported 正如报道的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 1[. 教材原句,外研必修二 P106]As the name suggests, Western Australia is located on the west of the continent, and takes up about one-third of the continent's landmass. 正如名字所暗示的那样,西澳大利亚州位于大陆的西部,约占大陆地块的三分之一。 2. [教材改编,人教必修二 P97]As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”正如一句俗语所言:“患难朋友才是真朋友。” ⑥way 后的定语从句 · the way 后面的定语从句不缺主语和宾语时,定语从句用 in which 或 that 引导,也可省略关系词。 · 当 the/a way 后面的定语从句缺少主语或宾语时,关系词用 that 或 which,作宾语时可省略。 · way 表示“方式;方法”时,其后还可接不定式或 of doing sth.形式。 1. [教材改编,译林选必四 P61]You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that/which you can be proud of. 首先,你应该记住诚实是上策:永远努力以一种你可以引以为傲的方式完成你的工作。 2.[教材原句,外研选必二 U3 P43]Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate. 现在有超过 3 000 个表情符号扩展了我们交流的方式。 ⑦the reason why... 此处为关系副词 why 引导定语从句,表示原因。why 相当于 for which,在从句中作原因状语,该定语从句的先行词只有 reason。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修二 P92]Could you tell me the reason why you waste time going to the bank when you can do your banking online? 你能告诉我为什么你可以在网上办理银行业务却浪费时间去银行吗? 2. [教材原句,人教必修一 P96]The reason why he found German so difficult was because of its grammar. 他觉得德语很难的原因是它的语法。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U5 P33]He didn't tell me the reason why he was so upset. 他没有告诉我他为什么这么沮丧。 ⑧that 引导主语从句 · that 引导的主语从句可用 it 代替,it 一般不省。 · 带 that 主语从句的复合句为疑问句、感叹句时,that 主语从句要后置,用形式主语 it 代之间。 · 在 It dawned on sb. that 结构中,that 引导的从句只能后置。 1. [教材原句,人教选必一 P105]It is a fact that the earth is round. 地球是圆的,这是个事实。 2. [教材原句,译林选必三 P95]That he will succeed is certain. 他一定会成功。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P94]It's obvious that he enjoys his family life very much. 很明显,他非常享受他的家庭生活。 ⑨what 引导主语从句 what 引导主语从句,放在谓语动词或系动词之前。 1. [教材改编,人教选必一 U5 P50]What concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 最让他担心的是农民经常歉收,有时甚至吃的食物都严重短缺。 2. [教材改编,人教选必一 U5 P60]What is unique is that students study both in classrooms and in the fields. 它的独特之处在于,学生们既在教室里学习,也在野外学习。 ⑩why 引导主语从句 why 引导的主语从句放在谓语之前,充当复合句中的主语。 1. [教材原句,人教选必二 P105]Why the school denied his application is still unknown. 学校拒绝他的申请的原因尚不清楚。 2. [教材改编,人教必修三 P80]Why Yang Liwei is famous in China is because he is the first Chinese astronaut to go into space. 杨利伟在中国很有名是因为他是第一个进入太空的中国宇航员。 话题 11 日常体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神 ①whether 引导主语从句 whether 引导主语从句时,只起连接作用,在从句中不充当句子成分,可单独使用,也可与 or 或 or not/or no 连用,意义为"是否"。 1. [ 教材原句, 外研选必一 U6 P70 ] Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn't really important. 这是一个真实的工作机会还是一场引人注目的营销活动并不重要。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P94]Whether he'll take the job is still unknown. 他是否接受这份工作还不知道。 ②It be+过去分词+ that... 此句型中 it 作形式主语而从句是真正的主语。这样的常见句式还有: · It be+名词词组/adj.十 that 从句 · It+特殊动词(seem/ turn out/occur to/...) sb. + that 从句 1. [教材原句,人教必修二 U1 P7]It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong! 据说它是一面能辨别是非的镜子! 2[. 教材改编,外研必修三 U1 P7]It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ in people's lives. 人们相信情商在人们的生活中扮演着比智商更重要的角色。 ③it+be+adj.+that... · 本句型中的 it 为形式主语,that 引导的主语从句是真正的主语,类似的结构还有下面两种: (1) It+be+名词短语(a pity,a fact,a wonder,an honour,an idea,no wonder...)+that 从句; (2) It+be+过去分词(said,thought,believed,suggested,reported...)+that 从句。 1. [教材原句,人教必修二 P78]It is unlikely that robot teachers will replace real teachers, but like online learning environments, they can be useful tools. 机器人老师不太可能会取代真正的老师,但是像在线学习的环境,它们能成为有用的工具。 2[. 教材改编,译林必修一 U4 P45]For those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly. 对于那些严重超重的人来说,适当减肥是非常重要的。 ④that 引导表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语,可以由 that 引导,that 在从句中不充当成分。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修三 U7 P9]His view was that art should shock the viewers and challenge their sense of reality. 他的观点是,艺术应该震撼观众,挑战他们的真实感。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修一 U1 P15]What makes him feel satisfied is that his students are able to read, speak and write in English. 令他感到满意的是,他的学生能够用英语读、说、写。 ⑤how 引导表语从句 在句中充当表语的从句成为表语从句,引导表语从句的连接副词有 when,where,why 和 how。表语从句主要位于系动词be 之后,有时可用 look,seem,taste 等。连接副词除了引导表语从句外,还在从句中充当状语,可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 1[. 教材原句,人教选必三 P20]Best of all, in my opinion, is how I feel about myself. I feel like I'm in control of my own life. 在我看来,最好的是我对自己的感觉如何。我觉得我好像能掌控自己的生活。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必一 U2 P42]I think success is not only how we achieve success, but also how we sustain it. 我认为成功不仅在于我们如何获得成功,而且在于我们如何保持成功。 3. [教材原句,译林选必三 P96]The problem is how we can raise enough money for the project. 问题是我们如何为这个项目筹到足够的钱。 话题 12 文化习俗与传统节日 ①when 引导表语从句 when 引导的从句位于系动词后引导表语从句。 1. [教材原句,人教选必二 U1 P5]This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work. 此时你本该冷静下来,埋头去做一些实实在在的工作。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必二 P107]My favourite kind of comedy is when someone pretends to be someone else. 我最喜欢的喜剧类型是当某人假装成另一个人的时候。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P95]That was when my mum was in hospital. 那是我妈妈住院的时候。 ②where 引导表语从句 where 引导的表语从句放在连系动词后,充当复合句中的表语。 1. [教材改编,人教必修二 U4 P48]Buckingham Palace is where the king or queen lives. 白金汉宫是国王或王后居住的地方。 2. [教材原句,人教选必二 P99]Russia is where Jeff first experienced real culture shock. 俄罗斯是杰夫第一次经历真正的文化冲击的地方。 3. [教材原句,人教选必二 P92]The kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom are where most accidents happen. 厨房、浴室和卧室是大多数事故发生的地方。 ③because 引导表语从句 · because 意为“因为,由于”,引导表语从句时,主句中系动词主要用 be。 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 U1 P19]My parents won’t listen when I tell them things. I guess It’s because they’re adults and can’t understand me. 当我告诉父母事情时,他们不会听的。我猜这是因为他们是成年人,听不懂我的话。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修一 P102]I think I am in pretty good shape. This is all because I exercise quite regularly. 我觉得我的身体状况很好,这都是因为我经常锻炼。 3. This is because nearly all the choices you make affect your character. 这是因为几乎你作的所有选择都会影响你的性格。 ④feel that... 本句型的常用结构是“主语+feel+that 宾语从句”,that 从句作动词 feel 的宾语,that 在句中常被省略,类似的动词还有 admit,believe,consider,guess 等。 1. [教材改编,外研选必一 U2 P15] We feel that we don't know the central character in The Catcher in the Rye(《麦田里的守望者》)well enough. 我们觉得我们对《麦田里的守望者》的主要人物还不够了解。 2. I feel that my culture has a lot in common with Chinese culture. 我觉得我的文化和中国文化有很多共同之处。 ⑤it seems/seemed that... it seems that... 似乎…… seem (to be)+adj./n. 看起来好像…… seem to do/to be doing/to have done...看起来要做……/正在做……/已经做了…… It seems as if/though...看起来好像…… 1[. 教材原句,北师大必修三 U8 P40]To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment. 概括起来说,似乎几乎所有参与的人都理解帮助保护环境的必要性。 2. [教材改编,外研选必一 U2 P15]It seems that talent alone isn't enough to guarantee success. 似乎只有天赋还不足以保证成功。 话题 13 对社会有突出贡献的人物&劳动实践,劳动价值与工匠精神 ①this/that is why... · This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因 · This/That is because... 这/那是因为…… · The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……(why 引导定语从句) 1. [教材原句,人教必修二 U2 P16]On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we're here — to observe Tibetan antelopes. 在我们面前的平原上,我们只看出了一群优雅的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。 2[. 教材改编,北师大必修三 P105]Beijing Opera uses acting, talking, singing, music, dancing and acrobatics, all of which are difficult to master! That's why it's one of China's national treasures. 京剧集表演、说话、唱歌、音乐、舞蹈和杂技于一体,这些都是很难掌握的。这就是为什么它是中国的国宝之一。 ②the reason why... is/was that... 此处包含两个从句,why 引导的定语从句,that 引导的表语从句,用来解释原因。 1. [教材改编,人教选必三 U5 P53]The reason why they are delighted is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood. 他们之所以高兴,是因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖,享受童年的纯真。(the reason why...is that...) 2. [教材改编,北师大必修二 U6 P53]The reason why this task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 这项任务之所以困难,是因为团队的资源有限。 ③what 引导宾语从句 连接代词 what 引导宾语从句时,可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1[. 教材改编,人教选必二 U3 P27]The kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region. 当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们他们在他们的地区种植什么。 ④why 引导宾语从句 · 连接副词 why 引导的宾语从句中,why 在从句中作原因状语。 1.[教材原句,北师大选必一 P90]I can’t understand their favourite way to get exercise, even for a short journey when they could walk. 我不明白为什么人们总是开车,即使是他们可以走路的短途旅行。 2[. 教材改编,北师大选必一 U3 P70]We need to stop making excuses for why we cannot do more for the environment. 我们需要停止为我们不能为环境做更多的事情找借口。 3. [教材改编,北师大必修三 P88]The study is an attempt to get a better idea of why people live there. 这项研究试图更好地了解人们为什么住在那里。 ⑤whatever 引导宾语从句 whatever 表示“不论什么,不管什么”拓展: 连接代词 what,whatever,which,whichever,who(whom,whose),whoever 有词义,除连接主从句外,还在从句中充当句子成分,分别作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 When her own studying was done, she tried to read whichever of his books was not in use.做完自己的功课后,就努力去读他那些不用的书。(作主语) You can have whatever allowance you like, and live where you choose.你可以有你想要的所有零用钱,住在你喜欢的地方。(作定语) Take whichever seat you like.你随意坐哪一个位子都行。(作定语) 1. [教材改编,人教选必三 U3 P28]To deal with climate change, we must seize the initiative to do whatever is necessary to protect our environment. 应对气候变化,我们必须抓住主动权,采取一切必要的措施来保护我们的环境。 2. [教材原句,人教必修三 U2 P18]Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. 尽管形势艰难,白求恩大夫还是尽他所能帮助中国人民。 3. [教材原句,人教选必三 U4 P44]As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. 作为一名厨师,做饭是我的职责,所以我尽量用各种方法让饭菜多样化。 话题 14 物质与非物质文化遗产 ①what 引导同位语从句 what 引导的同位语从句在从句中作主语或宾语,有意义。 1. [教材改编,北师大选必一 U1 P8]I had no idea what hydrogen was. 我不知道氢是什么。 2. [教材原句,人教选必二 U2 P15]At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 一开始,谢蕾不知道自己该说什么,但让她惊讶的是,仅仅几周后,她就发现自己可以在课堂上发言了。 ②there’s no doubt that... There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… ( that 引导同位语从句,说明 doubt 的内容) There is some doubt whether...是否……有疑问 I have no doubt that... 我相信…… I don’t/never doubt that...我确信…… ( that 引导宾语从句) I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否…… 1. [教材改编,北师大必修二 P105]There's no doubt that he was one of the most important figures of the 20th century. 毫无疑问,他是 20 世纪最重要的人物之一。 ③before 引导时间状语从句 · It won't be... before...用不了多长时间就会……(before 从句用一般现在时) · It will be...before... 得过多久才...(before 从句用一般现在时) · It wasn't... before...没过多长时间就……(before 从句用一般过去时) · It was... before...过了多长时间才……(before 从句用一般过去时) 1. [教材改编,北师大必修二 P83]It's important to recognize our impact on nature and the world before it's too late! 在为时已晚之前认识到我们对自然和世界的影响是很重要的! 2. [教材改编,北师大选必一 U1 P24]Because she had done everything she could before the ambulance arrived, her teacher was saved. 因为在救护车到达之前她已经做了她能做的一切,所以她的老师得救了。 3. [教材原句,北师大必修三 P85]Before you take the painting to school, let me take a photo. 在你把这幅画带到学校之前,让我拍张照片。 ④the first time 引导时间状语从句 · the first time 的意思是“第一次”,用作连词时,引导时间状语从句,表示“第一次做某事的时候”。注意,the first time 中的冠词不能省略。 1. [教材改编,人教选必四 U5 P52]The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry. 我第一次观察到水分解成氧和氢的过程时,就被化学的魅力深深吸引了。 2. [教材改编,外研选必四 U3 P33]I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. 我第一次读到《红楼梦》就爱上了它,并下定决心要把它翻译成保加利亚语。 3. [教材原句,译林选必一 P88]The first time I saw her, I was struck by her beautiful smile. 我第一次见到她时就被她美丽的笑容打动了。 ⑤once 引导时间状语从句 · once 用作连词时可引导时间状语从句, 意为“一(旦)……就……”,所引导从句的主语若与主句主语一致,有时也可用其省略结构,被省略部分通常(并不总是)包括有动词 be;可与 as soon as 转换使用。 1[. 教材改编,北师大选必一 U2 P30]They spend the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. 他们用剩下的时间思考一旦他们变得富有后要做的所有事情。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修二 P99]Once I play games for more than an hour, a bell rings to remind me that my time is up. 一旦我玩游戏超过一个小时,铃声就会响,提醒我时间到了。 3. [教材原句,外研选必四 U1 P9]Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. 一旦我们作了决定,在大多数情况下,就没有回头路了。 话题 15 社会热点问题&社会进步与人类文明发展&农业发展、乡村振兴 ①until 引导时间状语从句 · 画线部分是由 until 引导的时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词是延续性的,那么这个主句需 用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的,则主句常用否定式,构成 not... until...结构。 · 倒装结构:部分倒装“Not until+时间状语从句或短语+谓语助动词+主语+谓语动词”。 · 强调结构:It is/was not until+时间状语从句或短语+that+主句部分 1. [ 教材改编, 外研选必三 U2 P17 ] Until he passed away in 1961, Mei Lanfang had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. 直到他 1961 年去世,梅兰芳一直表演并促进京剧的传播近 60 年。 2. [教材改编,人教必修一 U1 P20]Martin did not enjoy pop music until he became a teenager. 马丁直到十几岁时才喜欢流行音乐。 3. [教材原句,人教选必四 P97]He kept knocking on the door until his wife let him in. 他不停地敲门,直到他妻子让他进来。 ②the moment 引导时间状语从句 表示从句动作一发生,主句动作随即发生,通常译为“一……就……”。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修一 U3 P53]Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents — I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年,当我登上火车的那一刻,我就被山西口音包围着——我知道我要回家了。 2. [教材原句,人教选必一 P97]He said he'd phone you the moment he got home.他说他一到家就给你打电话。 ③the next time 引导时间状语从句 · the next time 作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“下一次……”。the first time,next time,each time,the last time 等,都可以作连词用,引导时间状语从句。 · the moment,the minute,the instant,the second 等也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”。 1. [教材改编,人教必修一 U1 P20]The next time you feel like you do not want to do boring, difficult homework or go to class, think about the children who don't have the chance to get a good education. 下次你觉得不想做无聊、困难的作业或不想去上课的时候,想想那些没有机会接受良好教育的孩子们。 2. [教材原句,译林必修二 P59]Take a good look the next time you watch a film or TV show. 下次看电影或电视节目的时候好好看看。 ④as soon as 引导时间状语从句 as soon as 表示“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句时表示从句的动作一发生,主句动作随即发生。除此之外 the moment,directly,immediately,instantly,once 和 the instant 也可表示“一……就……”,instantly 语气最强,immediately 次之,directly 又次之。 1. [教材改编,人教选必二 U4 P41]We went to bed as soon as we arrived at the hotel because we were so tired. 我们一到旅馆就上床睡觉了,因为我们太累了。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修一 P88]That beautiful poster caught my eye as soon as I entered the museum. 我一进博物馆,那幅漂亮的海报就引起了我的注意。 3. [教材改编,北师大必修二 P83]I’m sure they will get in touch with you as soon as they can. 我相信他们会尽快和你联系的。 ⑤by the time 引导时间状语从句 “by the time” 引导时间状语从句,用于表示在某个特定时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。它通常与完成时态(尤其是过去完成时态和现在完成时态)一起使用,以强调时间上的先后顺序和动作的完成情况。 1[. 教材改编,北师大选必一 U2 P43]By the time Huang Danian moved back to China in 2008, he had been living and working in the UK for 15 years. 到 2008 年黄大年回到中国时,他已经在英国生活和工作了15 年。 2.[教材改编,译林选必二 U2 P21]By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables had been placed on both sides of the road. 当凯茜和我以及其他参加城市半程马拉松的志愿者在上午 4:30 到达时,道路两旁已经摆好了桌子。 3[. 教材原句,人教必修一 P104]By the time I rushed to the train station, the train had already left. 当我冲到火车站时,火车已经离开了。 ⑥now that 引导原因状语从句 now that 引导原因状语从句,表示既然,由于。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必二 U5 P31]Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 由于 Helen 掌握了语言的关键,她非常渴望学习更多的东西,并尽可能多地使用它。 2. [教材原句,译林选必四 P97]Now that we are all here, let's begin our work. 既然大家都到了,让我们开始工作吧! ⑦so that 引导目的状语从句 · so that 引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,为了”,其从句中的谓语动词通常和 can/could, may/ might 连用。 · so that 引导目的状语从句时,可以和 in order that 相互转化,而且当从句主语和主句主语一致时,还可以和 in order to,so as to 结构互相转化。 · so that 亦可以引导结果状语从句,意为“因此,所以”,从句中通常不用情态动词。 1. [教材原句,外研选必四 U3 P26]Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. 走近一点,这样你可以看得更清楚。 ⑧so that 引导结果状语从句 · so that 引导结果状语从句时,译为“因此,结果”,主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。 · so that 引导目的状语从句时,从句中通常有 may,might,can,could 等情态动词,主从句不能用逗号隔开。常译为“为的是……;以便……” 1. [教材原句,北师大选必一 U1 P21]What can students do to avoid peer pressure? The most important thing is to build up self-confidence, so that it is easier to say "no" to the peer group. 学生怎样做才能避免同龄压力?最重要的是要建立自信,这样才更容易对同龄人说"不"。 2. [教材改编,人教选必一 P85]A dog that is afraid may show its teeth and lower its body so that it is close to the ground. 狗在害怕时会露出牙齿,降低身体,使自己接近地面。 3. [教材改编,人教选必三 P66]He quickly blew out the candles so that the room became dark. 他迅速吹灭蜡烛,房间变得黑暗起来。 ⑨so...that... so…that…意为“这样(如此)……以致/因此/因而……”,that 引导结果状语从句。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必三 U8 P47]It was so dark that she could hardly see a thing. 天太黑了,她什么也看不见。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必四 P105]He has so much energy that he can run for two hours without stopping. 他精力充沛,跑两小时都不用休息。 ⑩such...that... · such…that…意为“这样(如此)……以致”,such 在本句型中是限定词,作定语,that 引导结果状语从句。 · such…that…主要用于三种句型:(1)such+a/an+(单数可数)n.+that 从句;(2) such+(复数名词)n.+that 从句;(3)such+(不可数)n.+that 从句。 拓展: such...that 与 so...that 两句型可以互相转化:They were so busy/They were such busy men that they forgot their meal. such 位于句首时,主句要用倒装语序:Such a good runner was he that I could not catch him up. 1. [教材改编,人教选必一 P78]The park covers such a wide area that the admission ticket for the park includes a bus tour. 这个公园占地如此之广,以至于公园的门票包括了公共汽车游览。 2. [教材改编,人教必修三 P85]I developed such a strong interest in stage design that I realised I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. 我对舞台设计产生了强烈的兴趣,我意识到我想用我的余生来做这个。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 P98]It was such a cold day that we stayed home. 天气太冷了,我们待在了家里。 话题 16 重大政治、历史事件,文化渊源&国家安全&法律常识与法治意识等 ①no sooner...than... no sooner...than...引导时间状语从句,主句通常用过去完成时,从句通常用一般过去时。 no sooner 位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,而 than 引导的从句不倒装。有类似用法的还有 hardly...when 常见的表示“……就……”的句式还有: as soon as...;the moment/ minute/ instant;immediately/ instantly/ directly;on/upon +n./v.-ing... 1.[教材原句,译林选必四 P87]No sooner had they entered the classroom than the bell rang. 他们刚进教室,铃就响了。 2. [教材原句,译林选必二 P98]No sooner had he got to the station than the bus arrived. 他刚到车站,公共汽车就来了。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 U2 P20]No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate than it was time to head back home. 我刚开始了解英国人的交流方式,就该回家了。 ②not...until... not...until...意为“直到……才……”,此处 until 引导时间状语从句。 1. [教材原句,人教必修三 P101]He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock. 他许诺两点钟之前他不会打开信。 2. [教材原句,人教选必四 P97]He didn't leave until she had finished all her work.直到她完成了所有的工作,他才离开。 ③where 引导地点状语从句 where 引导地点状语从句时表示“在某个地方”,wherever 和 everywhere 也可以引导地点状语从句。where 除表示地点外,还可以表示条件、对比和让步等。 1[. 教材原句,译林选必三 U3 P40]Today, the USS Arizona lies where it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 今天,美国"亚利桑那号"战列舰还在当年沉没的地方:在太平洋中央。 2. [教材原句,译林选必四 P97]Stand where you are, and I will come to help you. 站在原地,我来帮助你。 3. [教材原句,译林选必三 P91]Please sit where I can see you. 请坐在我能看得见你的地方。 ④because 引导原因状语从句 because 引导原因状语从句时,语气最强,所引导的从句是全句的重点所在。一般位于主句之后,加以强调时,也可位于主句之前,述说直接原因,说明因果关系。可以回答 why 的问题。有时也表示间接的原因,用于推测性的理由,表示必然的因果推断。 拓展: (1) because 的前边可以加上 just,merely,only,simply 等副词,以加强语气。 (2) for 用作并列连词引导的分句有时也表因果关系,与 because-从句意义相同。所以一般情况下,表原因时 for 与 because 可以互换使用。 1[. 教材原句,人教选必四 U5 P52]For me, she is great not just because she was world-famous, but because she made great contributions to mankind. 对我来说,她是伟大的,不是因为她举世闻名,而是因为她对人类做出了巨大的贡献。 2.[教材原句,北师大必修三 P97]We stopped talking because we heard a strange noise outside. 我们停止了说话,因为我们听到外面有奇怪的声音。 ⑤since 引导原因状语从句 since 引导原因状语从句,表示一种附带的原因,或者表示已知的、显然的理由,意为“既然”,引导的从句常放在句首。另外 because,since,as 和 for 均可引导原因状语从句,because 语气 最强,as 所表示的理由最弱,重点在主句,for 引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只是提供了一些有助于说明情况的补充说明,且不可位于主句前。 1. [教材原句,译林选必一 U1 P11] What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours. 我最喜欢四川火锅的一点是,它们提供了一个与朋友社交的好机会,因为一顿饭可以持续好几个小时。 2. [教材改编,人教必修一 U2 P33]I want to visit a few universities or colleges in China, since I hope to study there next year. 我想参观中国的一些大学或学院,因为我希望明年在那里学习。 3. [教材原句,人教必修一 U1 P18]I am sure he will listen to you, since you are his good friend. 我确定他会听你的,因为你是他的好朋友。 话题 17 科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神&信息安全、网络安全 ①as long as 引导条件状语从句 so/as long as 表示一个真实条件,谓语动词用陈述语气。 1. [教材原句,人教选必三 U4 P40]Try to learn from your mistakes and bitter failures. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 尽量从你的错误和痛苦的失败中吸取教训。只要你坚持不懈,最终会成功的。 2. [教材原句,外研必修一 P89]It's okay to fail, just as long as you learn something that helps you do better next time. 失败没关系,只要你能学到一些能帮你下次做得更好的东西。 ②unless 引导条件状语从句 条件状语从句可位于主句前面或后面。if 引导条件状语从句表示正面的条件,意为“如果”; unless 引导条件状语从句表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”,,相当于 if...not。 1.[教材改编,人教选必三 U3 P29]Don't print out documents unless it's really necessary. 除非真的有必要,否则不要打印文件。 2. [教材原句,译林必修一 P86]There is no point in pushing them unless they really enjoy it. 除非他们真的喜欢它,否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。 3. [教材原句,译林必修三 P76]Unless I am invited, I won't go to Jack's graduation party. 除非我被邀请,否则我不会去参加杰克的毕业晚会。 ③though/although 引导让步状语从句 · though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装。 · as 引导让步状语从句时,从句必须倒装。 · although 引导让步状语从句不能倒装,它们可以与 yet,till 连用,不能与 but 连用。 1.[教材改编,人教选必三 U4 P40]Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic about volunteer work. 虽然我爷爷已经退休了,但他对志愿者工作非常热心。 2.[教材原句,人教必修三 U4 P40]Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. 尽管科学家们试图确保一切正常,但事故仍然可能发生。 3.[教材改编,译林选必一 P66]Although/Though I don't usually listen to classical music, I really enjoyed it. 虽然我通常不听古典音乐,但我真的很喜欢它。 ④even if/though 引导让步状语从句 even if/though 引导让步状语从句,表示虽然,尽管。 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 U3 P41]I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team. 我同意足球运动员不应该假装摔倒的观点,即使这对他或她的球队有帮助。 2[. 教材原句,人教必修二 U5 P59]Even though he could not hear with his ears, he could still write music because he could hear music in his head. 即使他的耳朵听不见,他仍然可以写音乐,因为他可以在他的头脑中听到音乐 ⑤while 引导让步状语从句 while 引导让步状语从句,表示虽然,尽管。如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词 be 都可以省略。 1. [教材原句,译林选必一 P72]While there are many painters I like, I would have to say that Wu Guanzhong is my personal favourite. 虽然我喜欢的画家有很多,但我不得不说吴冠中是我个人最喜欢的。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U4 P15]While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以让人们走得更近,但它也可能会伤害友谊。 话题 18 不同国家地理概况 ①whatever 引导让步状语从句 whatever 引导让步状语从句表示“无论什么,不管什么”,等于 no matter what,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1. [教材原句,外研选必一 P85]Whatever you decide, you can count on my complete support. 无论你作什么决定,我都会全力支持。 2. [教材原句,外研必修三 U6 P69]Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. 妈妈说无论发生什么事,我们都应该看到事物好的一面。 ②"no matter+疑问词"引导让步状语从句 no matter 常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句,意为“不管……,无论……”,主要有 6 种形式: (1) no matter +what(=whatever)“无论什么,不管什么”; (2) no matter+which(=whichever)“无论哪一个“; (3) no matter+who(=whoever)“无论是谁,不管什么人”; (4) no matter+when(=whenever)“无论何时,不管什么时候”; (5) no matter+where(=wherever)“无论什么地方”; (6) no matter+how(=however)“无论怎样“。注意: 如果 wh-+ever 引出的是名词性从句,时间状语从句或地点状语从句,则不能改为 no matter+wh 这种形式。 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 P100]No matter how many times he failed, he was always able to bounce back pretty quickly. 不管他失败了多少次,他总是能很快恢复过来。 2. [教材原句,北师大必修二 U4 P16]You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 无论你在哪里,无论你在做什么,你都可以和朋友保持联系。 3. [教材原句,外研选必二 P101]No matter when I visited her, she was busy with her work. 不管我什么时候去看她,她都在忙于工作。 ③"whether...or..."引导让步状语从句 whether...or(not)可以引导让步状语从句,提供两个对比的情况,意为“不管……”。 1. [教材改编,外研必修三 U4 P45]The horses, whether they were resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. 这些马,无论是在休息还是在移动,都给了他很多灵感。 2. [教材原句,外研选必一 U3 P32]The scene you set at the beginning of your writing — whether it is fiction or non-fiction — will engage your readers and help set the right atmosphere for the remainder of your writing. 你在写作开始时设定的场景——无论是小说还是非小说类文学作品——都会吸引你的读者,并帮助你为余下的写作营造合适的氛围。 ④as if... as if 引导虚拟条件句时,表示的情况与事实不符,用虚拟语气。 ①若表示与现在事实不符,从句谓语动词用一般过去时; ②若表示与过去事实不符,从句谓语动词用过去完成时; ③若表示与将来事实不符,从句谓语动词用 would/could/might do。拓展: 如果 as if 引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符,则使用陈述语气。省略形式:as if+不定式/分词/形容词/介词短语。 1. [教材改编,外研选必二 U1 P3]I celebrated my 18th birthday. I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. 我庆祝了我的 18 岁生日。我本以为自己能立刻感觉到不同,就好像我关上了童年的大门,踏入了一个全新的成人世界。 2. [教材原句,外研选必一 U2 P21]Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. 用你的眼睛,好像明天你就会失明。 3. [教材原句,人教必修一 P105]She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.她坐在那里,好像什么也没发生过。 ⑤as 引导状语从句 as 作连词的用法: 意为“按照……的方式(方法),如同……”,引导方式状语从句 意为“当……时候,一边……一边……,随着”,引导时间状语从句意为“因为,既然”,引导原因状语从句 意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句 引导比较状语从句,常用于 as...as...句型,意为“像……一样……(第一个是副词,第二个 as 是连词) 1. [教材改编,人教必修三 U1 P5] Some Chinese cities no longer allow fireworks during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air pollution. 一些中国城市在春节期间不再允许燃放烟花爆竹,因为它们会增加空气污染。 2. [教材原句,译林选必三 P86]Strong as you may be, you cannot lift the box. 尽管你可能力气大,你还是提不起来这个箱子。 话题 19 自然环境、自然遗产保护 ①with 复合结构作状语 with 复合结构在句中主要作状语。表方式、补充说明、伴随动作、时间、条件、原因或让步,有时可作定语。其结构为 with+名词/(宾格)代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词/名词。 1. [教材改编,外研选必一 U4 P45]One thing is for sure — with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. 有一件事是肯定的——有这么多艺术家在探索新的可能性,我们肯定可以期待意想不到的东西。 2. [教材原句,人教选必三 U3 P33]With such campaigns in effect, China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. 随着这些活动的实施,中国的航道正朝着清洁和可持续的未来迈进。 3. [教材原句,人教选必三 P62]With his car stuck in the snow, he could do nothing but wait for help to arrive. 由于他的车被困在雪里,他什么也做不了,只能等待救援的到来。 ②to one’s+表示情感的名词=to the+表示情感的名词+of sb. 此处表示“令某人……的是”。常见的用于该结构表示情感的名词有 surprise,amazement, amusement,delight,annoyance,disappointment,regret,embarrassment,satisfaction,relief等 1. [教材改编,人教选必一 U1 P10]To our surprise, he was actually the gentle and caring father of three children. 令我们惊讶的是,他实际上是一个温柔体贴的三个孩子的父亲。 2[. 3[. 教材原句,译林必修二 P89]The problem was solved to the complete satisfaction of everybody. 这件事情解决了,所有人都非常满意。 教材改编,译林选必三 P57]To his disappointment, only a minority of his employees supported the new plan. 令他失望的是,只有少数员工支持这项新计划。 ③主语+be+表示情绪的形容词+that... · 该句型中的 that 从句为名词性从句,该从句与作表语的形容词连用,常用的这类表示情绪的形容词有 worried,afraid, anxious,confident,glad,hopeful,pleased, sorry,surprised 等,在这种句型中 that 常被省略。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必三 P95]Maria was hardly surprised that she passed her exams. 玛丽亚对她通过考试几乎不感到惊讶。 2. [教材改编,北师大必修二 U6 P59] I’m confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. 我相信像我这样的人总有一天能够再次行走。 ④it turned out that... it turned out that...“原来是……;结果表明……”,此句型中 it 作形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。 1[. 教材改编,外研选必二 U5 P51]It turned out that the rabbits in the Macquarie Island developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. 结果表明,麦夸里岛上的兔子对病毒产生了免疫力,它们的数量再次激增。 2. [教材原句,译林选必二 U1 P13]I was concerned that the students and the senior residents wouldn't get along easily, but it turned out to be the exact opposite. 我担心学生和年纪大的居民会很难相处,但结果恰恰相反。 ⑤no wonder(that)... · It is no wonder that... 难怪……;怪不得……,……不足为奇,可以省略为 No wonder... · It’s a wonder that...令人惊奇的是…… work wonders 创造奇迹 · wonder+宾语从句 想知道……/对……感到奇怪 1. [教材改编,外研选必四 U6 P65] In its nearly 20-year mission, Cassini provided so much information that scientists would not process it all. No wonder so many people took to social media to say goodbye. 在近 20 年的任务中,"卡西尼号"提供了如此多的信息,以至于科学家们不愿把它全部处理掉。难怪这么多人去社交媒体上和它告别。 2. [教材改编,译林必修二 P63] No wonder the exchange students are excited — this is the first time they've been to China. 难怪交换生们这么兴奋——这是他们第一次来中国。 话题 20 人与环境、人与动植物、生态环境、国土安全&人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系 ①it/this is/was the first/second/...time(that)... · “It be the first/ second... time+ that..."句型,意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”,主语可根据语境使用 it,this 或 that; 主句谓语为 is 时,that 从句用现在完成时;主句谓语为 was 时,that从句用过去完成时。 · It is (about/high) time that...是做……的时候了(从句谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”) 1[. 教材原句,人教必修一 P94]It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China, and the team won high praise for their bravery and skill. 这是中国团队第一次在国外工作,他们的勇敢和技巧赢得了高度赞扬。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必三 P107]This is the first time that I have come to this library. Can I ask for some information? 这是我第一次来这个图书馆。我能问一些信息吗? 3. [教材原句,外研选必二 P85]It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。 ②there/it be a time/times when... 该句型中,when 引导定语从句,并在从句中作时间状语。 1. [教材改编,北师大必修一 U2 P38]There will be times when you want to give up,but hang in there and tell yourself that it will get easier with time. 有时你想放弃,但坚持住,并告诉自己,随着时间的推移,事情会变得更容易。 2. [教材原句,译林选必一 U4 P48]It was a time when many painters, musicians, novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways. 这是一个许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人以新的、不同的方式看待世界的时代。 3. [教材改编,人教必修一 P96]There was a time when the whole world spoke only one language. 曾几何时,全世界都只说一种语言。 ③there comes a time when... There comes a time when...可看成是一种语序倒装形式,即 here,there 等副词置于句首且主语是名词时,要把谓 语动词提到主语前边;也可看成是there be 句型的变体,即用其他动词如:come, stand, lie, live, appear 等词代替 be 动词。 1[. 教材原句,人教必修二 U1 P4]There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 总有一天,旧事物必须让位于新事物,在我们走向未来时,不可能保留我们过去的一切。 2.[教材原句,外研必修一 U5 P51]If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. 如果这个有效,将来可能会有黑脉金斑蝶的数量再次增加的时候。 ④it be+时间段+since... ●“It be+时间段十 since..."句型,意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为 is 或 has been, since 从句用一般过去时;主句谓语为 was,since 从句用过去完成时。 ●“It+be 十一段时间+before 从句(若 before 从句时态为一般现在时,be 为一般将来时;若 before 从句时态为一般过去时,be 为一般过去时)”表示“多久之后才……”。 1. [教材原句,外研选必二 U6 P71]It's been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone. 其他宇航员离开火星回到地球已经一周了,不小心把我一个人留在了这里。 2. [教材改编,外研选必四 U6 P63]It has now been over 30 years since the loss of the Challenger space shuttle. 现在距离"挑战者"号航天飞机失事已经过去 30 多年了。 ⑤what if...? What if...?意为“要是……会怎么样,如果……将会怎样”,可以看作“What will happen if...?”的省略。 1. [教材原句,外研必修二 P77]People say that travel broadens the mind, but what if you can't travel anywhere right now? 人们说旅行能使人思维开阔,但如果你现在不能去任何地方旅行呢? 2. [教材改编,外研选必四 U1 P6] What if I don't do well enough in the exam to get into the Medical School? 如果我考试考得不够好,进不了医学院怎么办? ⑥it 作形式主语 it 作形式主语,真正的主语置后。 1. [教材原句,外研必修一 U2 P22] It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings. 要知道每个单词的意思是不可能的,但是了解构词法可以帮助我们猜测它们的意思。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必二 P97]It worried me that my mother's eyesight was declining. 我母亲的视力在下降,这使我很担心。 3. [ 教材原句, 人教必修一 WELCOME UNIT P10 ] No matter what you want to learn, it is important to decide on your goal before you make a plan. 无论你想学什么,在制定计划之前确定你的目标是很重要的。 ⑦it 作形式宾语 以 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的动词有:feel,consider,find,believe,make,take,imagine, prove 等。这种结构中,常用作表语的名词有:pity,pleasure,shame 等,常用作表语的形容词有 easy,important,vital,necessary,difficult 等。本结构中,被替代的成分要置于句尾。 1.[教材原句,北师大选必二 P98]I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌人们在嘴里塞满食物时说话 2.[教材原句,北师大选必二 P98]I found it important to learn a foreign language. 我发现学一门外语很重要。 ⑧双重否定表肯定 双重否定是指同一个句子里出现两个否定词,即否定之否定。双重否定句表示的意思是肯定的,通常比肯定句的语气更重或更委婉。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式,也可以保持双重否定的形式。双重否定表示法多种多样,主要有:①no/not+否定意义形容词;②no/ not/never/few+否定意义动词;③no/ not/never+ without+名词/动名词;④not+否定意义副词;⑤no+否定意义名词;⑥can not ...and not。 1. [教材改编,人教选必二 U2 P24]They told me that in China, people won't celebrate a birthday without these noodles, because long noodles represent the longevity of life. 他们告诉我,在中国,人们不吃这些面条就不算过生日,因为长长的面条代表着长寿。 2. [教材原句,外研选必一 U6 P71]The job isn't without its risks, but I enjoy it. 这份工作并非没有风险,但我喜欢它。 3. [教材原句,外研选必一 U2 P17]The camp was fun, but not without its challenges!夏令营很有趣,但也不是没有挑战! ⑨倍数表达法 倍数的表达方式: · A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B · A+be+倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+than+B · A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/...)+of+B · A+be+倍数+what 从句 1. [教材改编,外研必修二 U6 P68]Making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag. 制造一个纸袋所消耗的能源是制造一个塑料袋的四倍。 2. [教材改编,人教选必一 U3 P28]This vast new park is nearly four times larger than the old wildlife park. 这个巨大的新公园几乎是老野生动物园的四倍大。 ⑩suggest(that)sb.(should)do... · 此句型中 that 引导宾语从句,作 suggest 的宾语,suggest 表示“建议”,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 1. [教材原句,北师大必修一 U2 P36]My friend suggested I should try long-distance running. 我的朋友建议我试试长跑。 2. [教材改编,人教选必一 U5 P58]He suggested that farmers grow a diverse range of crops in the fields. 他建议农民在田地里种植各种各样的作物。 3. [教材改编,北师大必修三 U9 P68]He suggested that I should concentrate more on my studies! 他建议我应该更专注于我的学习! 话题 21 自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护 ①insist 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 insist 后接宾语从句时,宾语从句通常要使用虚拟语气,即 (should)do 的结构。 1. [教材原句,北师大选必三 U9 P53] Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. 研究人员坚持主张克隆科学应该被进一步探索和发展。 2. [教材改编,北师大选必二 P109] Comenius insisted that when teaching, the subject matter should be adapted to learners' interests. 夸美纽斯坚持主张,在教学时,内容应该适应学习者的兴趣。 ②if 引导虚拟条件句 虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的运用如下: · 与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去式(be 动词一般用 were),主句谓语动词“would/ could/ should/ might+动词原形” · 与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用“had 十过去分词”,主句谓语动词用“would/ could/ should/ might + have 十过去分词" · 与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去式、were to do 或 should do,主句谓语动词用“would/ could/ should/ might+动词原形” 1[. 教材原句,译林必修三 P88]She might have lost the opportunity if her mother hadn't insisted on her going. 要不是妈妈坚持让她去,她可能就失去这个机会了。 2[. 教材改编,译林选必一 U3 P32]If you were a tour guide of the Musée d' Orsay, how would you introduce the museum to the visitors? 如果你是奥赛博物馆的导游,您会如何向参观者介绍这个博物馆? ③wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 · wish 后跟宾语从句,常常表示不能实现的愿望。 · wish 后宾语从句中的谓语形式有:(1) did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)(2) had done/been (表示与过去事实相反的愿望);(3)would/could+动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)。 1. [教材原句,人教选必四 P101]I wish I hadn't eaten that much last night. 我希望我昨天晚上没吃那么多东西。 2. [教材原句,译林必修二 P72]Ann wished that there could be a national holiday celebrating mothers. Ann 希望能有一个赞美母亲的全国性节日。 ④if only 引导虚拟条件句 · if only...意为“要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。if only...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望。if only...had done...表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 · only if 意为“只要;只有”,引导条件状语从句。only if 位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 1[. 教材原句,北师大选必一 U1 P8]Often when I'm preparing a programme, I think about how Mr Jenkins would have done it. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 当我在准备方案时,我经常会想詹金斯先生会怎么做。有时我想,要是我能给他打电话问问他的意见就好了! 2.If only we had telephoned her in advance. 要是事先给她打个电话就好了。 ⑤without 短语表示含蓄条件 without 引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用 would/could/might/should do);也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用 would/could/might/should have done)有类似用法的还有:with,otherwise/or(否则),but for(要不是)等。 1.[教材原句,北师大选必四 U12 P66]Without watches or clocks, even simple tasks like catching a train, meeting a friend or even boiling an egg would be very difficult indeed. 如果没有手表或钟表,即使是像赶火车、见朋友甚至煮鸡蛋这样简单的事情也会非常困难。 2[. 教材原句,北师大选必一 U3 P53]Without forests, we would have no air to breathe, and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 没有森林,我们就没有空气可以呼吸,没有干净的水,我们就无法生存。 3. She couldn't have gone through that bitter period without her friends' generous help. 如果没有朋友们的慷慨帮助,她不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。 话题 22 自然科学研究成果&地球与宇宙奥秘探索 ①"do+动词原形"表强调 · 在肯定句和祈使句中,将助动词 do/does/did 置于主动词之前是经常用的一种强调手段。 1.[教材原句,北师大必修一 U1 P8]Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting. 事实上,我确实知道有时我需要让自己远离网络世界,尤其是因为现实生活也一样有趣。 2.[教材改编,外研必修二 U2 P19]The letters did change as Tolkine's children got older. 随着 Tolkien 的孩子们逐渐长大,这些字母确实发生了变化。 ②强调句型 强调句型的常用结构: (1) It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。 (2) Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...? (3) 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that...? (4) It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。 1. [教材原句,外研选必一 U3 P35]It was Li Chong, the fastest student in our school, who first crossed the finish line. 是李冲,我们学校跑得最快的学生,第一个越过了终点线。 2. [教材原句,人教必修三 P96] It is our parents and teachers that/whom we should be most grateful to. 我们最应该感激的是我们的父母和老师。 ③as/though 引导让步状语从句的倒装 · 在 as/though 引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词原形往往提前到句首,构成部分倒装。 注意:如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,名词前不加冠词。 1. [教材改编,人教必修一 P106] Popular writer though she is, only a small number of her works can be found in public libraries. 尽管她是一个很受欢迎的作家,但公共图书馆里只能找到她的一小部分作品。 2. [教材原句,外研选必四 P93]Poor as he was, he was honest. 他虽然穷却很诚实。 ④"only+状语/状语从句"位于句首引起的倒装 当“only+状语/状语从句“位于句首时,句子要部分倒装(即把原句中的情态动词、be 动词或助动词提到主语前面)。 1. [教材原句,人教必修二 U2 P16] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 2. [教材原句,译林必修三 U3 P31]Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone. 唯有如此,互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。 ⑤介词短语作状语位于句首引起的倒装 · 介词短语以及表示地点、方位或时间的副词位于句首时,句子要用全部倒装。此时谓语动词 一般为 be 动词或 lie, come, go,stand 等动词,且句子的主语为名词。 · 形容词或分词位于句首也可用全部倒装。 · 如果句子的主语为人称代词,则不用倒装语序 1. [教材原句,译林选必四 U1 P2]In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth. 一个男人站在一家店门口,嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 2. [教材原句,译林必修三 U3 P30]We can achieve almost anything online — with access to the Internet come some truly life-changing advantages. 在网上我们几乎什么都能做到——接入互联网带来了一些实实在在改变我们生活的好处。 3.[教材原句,译林选必四 P81]Around a table sat a group of boys and girls, talking and laughing happily. 一群男孩和女孩围桌而坐,开心地说笑。 ⑥否定副词位于句首引起的倒装 never 等具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居句首时用倒装,不居句首时则用正常语序。这类词常用的有:never,seldom,rarely,little,scarcely,hardly 等 1. [教材原句,人教必修一 P92]Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. 历史上从来没有一个城市被如此彻底地摧毁过。 2. [教材原句,人教必修三 P96]He was not wrapped in grief. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamed about. 他没有沉浸在悲伤中,疾病也没能阻止他追求梦想的生活。 3[. 教材改编,北师大选必一 U1 P15]After getting the mobile phone charged, not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. 给手机充好电后,她一次也没有抬起头来欣赏窗外的景色。 4.[教材原句,译林选必四 U4 P53]Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life. 当时我并不知道,我即将经历人生中最美好的四年。 ⑦then 位于句首引起的完全倒装 在副词 then 开头的句子中,主语是名词而非代词时,主谓常用倒装语序,用以强调状语(主语是代词时,不用倒装)。 拓展: 除了 then,在以副词 ahead,away,down,high,up,in,out,bang,click,crack 等用于情境生动描写的方位词和声色词以及副词 hence,now,thus 等开头的句子中,主谓也常用倒装语序。如: Out rushed a cat from under the bed。从床底下冲出一只猫。 Now comes the visitor you are waiting for.现在你等的客人来了。 1. Then followed the discovery of a new species. 接着又发现了一种新的物种。 2. Then followed a group of cheerful tourists. 接着一群兴高采烈的游客跟过来。 ⑧so+助动词+主语 此处为so 引导的倒装句。如果前面句子中所说的情况也适合后面的句子,后面的句子常用 so (肯定句),nor,either,no more(否定句)引导倒装句,并且用 do/does/did 代替实义动词。拓展: 如果不是表示情况的适合,而是表示对前面句子内容的同意或肯定,则不能用倒装句。例如: He is a good student, so he is.他是个好学生,他的确是。 “There is a bird nesting in the tree outside the window.” “So there is.” “窗外的书上有一只鸟在筑巢。”“真的有。” 1. [教材原句,译林必修三 P84]As the demand for products rises, so do their prices. 随着对产品需求的增加,它们的价格也会上涨。 2. [教材原句,外研选必二 P75]Times change, and so do people. 时代在变,人也在变。 ⑨祈使句+and/or+陈述句 本句为”祈使句+and/or+陈述句“句型。 祈使句相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句,陈述句多用将来时态。 · “祈使句+and+陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 · “祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”相当于“if+否定条件状语从句+主句”。 1. [教材改编,北师大必修一 P103]Don't drink too much while running or it'll make you feel sick. 跑步时不要喝太多,否则会让你感到不舒服。 2. [教材原句,人教选必三 U2 P16]Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become healthier. 每天做一些小的改变,你的生活方式就会变得更健康。 3. [教材原句,译林选必四 U1 P12]Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子,明天就会有巨大的收获。 ⑩what 引导感叹句 感叹句主要用来表示说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞赏、气愤、哀叹、遗憾等情绪。它通常由 how 或 what 来引导,并将 how 或 what 放在句首,主语和谓语用正常词序位于其后,句末用感叹号。what 引导感叹句的格式:what+(形容词)+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)或者是 what+a./an.+(形容词)+可数名词(+主语+谓语)。 1. [ 教材改编, 人教必修二 P81 ] What a pity! That beautiful vase in the National Museum Collection got broken during the move. 真遗憾!国家博物馆的那个漂亮的花瓶在搬动的过程中被打碎了。 2. [教材原句,北师大选必一 P104]What a wonderful friend you've had! 你有一个多么好的朋友啊! 3. [教材原句,北师大必修一 P89]What a wonderful wedding that was! 那是一场多么美妙的婚礼啊! $

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高考英语写作必备话题句型165个 清单-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
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高考英语写作必备话题句型165个 清单-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
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高考英语写作必备话题句型165个 清单-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项
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