专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇（江苏专用）（中考模拟真题速递）（第二期）-2026年中考英语模拟真题速递（江苏专用）

**基本信息** 分层突破说明文阅读，15篇语篇覆盖基础必拿分与重难拔高题，聚焦文体特征与题型对应，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础语篇练习|含中国玩具产业等7篇|细节理解、词义猜测、态度判断|以简单说明文为载体，强化信息定位与基础语言能力| |重难语篇练习|含塑料污染等8篇|推理判断、主旨归纳、结构分析|通过复杂语篇深化逻辑分析，衔接文化意识与思维品质|

专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Labubu, a cute toy with big teeth and fluffy fur from Chinese brand (品牌) Pop Mart, has become very popular worldwide. It shows how Chinese companies are changing people’s original opinions about them by creating new things, sharing cultural stories and bringing their own characters to the world. Many young people love Labubu not just because it looks cute, but also because it makes them feel connected to a larger story. China used to make lots of cheap toys for foreign brands. But now, companies with toys like Labubu are changing the toy business. They don’t just sell toys—they sell stories and feelings too. This new way of doing business has attracted a growing number of fans both at home and abroad. Pop Mart, the company that created Labubu, is leading this change. Its overseas earnings grew nearly 5 times in early 2025. Other Chinese toy companies like TOP TOY and 52TOYS are also doing well in global (全球的) markets. This toy craze shows China’s growing cultural industry. In 2024, China’s cultural businesses made over 14 trillion yuan, up 6% from 2023. That is a huge number and it keeps rising year by year. China’s toy industry, especially in cities like Dongguan—where one-fourth of the world’s cartoon toys are made—supports this growth with fast production and smart technology. Factories there can turn new ideas into real products very quickly. A factory owner said: “If you can make toys for Pop Mart, you can make any designer toy.” As a result, Chinese character toys have increased their global market share from just 3% in 2020 to 18% in 2025. China is moving from selling products to selling its own brands. This shift proves that China is moving beyond making things to become a creator of cultural icons, using imagination to win hearts worldwide. Labubu isn’t just a toy—it’s a symbol of how China’s stories are now being shared across the globe. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．How much did China’s cultural businesses make in 2023? A．About 13.2 trillion yuan. B．Over 14 trillion yuan. C．About 14.8 trillion yuan. D．Less than 13 trillion yuan. 3．What did the factory owner mean by saying the underlined sentence? A．Pop Mart is difficult to work with. B．Dongguan makes many cartoon toys. C．Designer toys are more popular than other toys. D．China’s toy production has reached a high level. 4．What does the underlined word “shift” in the last paragraph most likely mean? A．产品 B．变化 C．市场 D．品牌 5．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards China’s toy industry? A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful. When the first computer was invented in 1946, it really helped humans solve math problems more effectively. But the “amazing machine” had a big problem—it was heavier than a truck and took up a whole hall. Thanks to years of scientists’ efforts, small-sized computers have already been popular. “Smaller in size, greater in power”—that’s what we have always dreamed of. Now scientists are achieving this goal in robots. That’s how the world’s smallest swimming robot was created. Unlike old complex (复杂的) robots, the new robot is smaller than a grain of salt (一粒盐). However, its tiny body has a complete “system”—a brain, a sensor (传感器) and a motor. Making this tiny robot was not an easy task. The first challenge was the power supply. Since it can’t be charged (充电) anytime, scientists decided to use the solar panel (太阳能电池板) which allows the robot to run for months. But most of its body was covered by the panel, leaving little space for the control system. Luckily, researchers developed a super-tiny computer to solve this problem. With it, the robot can be programmed and then move independently. The biggest challenge was making it swim. Its small size can’t get enough driving force from water. To solve this problem, scientists came up with the idea that the robot could create a tiny electric field. The ions (离子) from the field move nearby water molecules (分子), which then push the robot forward. The robot can sense water temperature, and with further study in the future, we may use it for more functions. For scientists, the next step is to enable the robots to communicate with each other. If the robots can share information, they can work together to help humans in more fields. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic “the world’s smallest swimming robot”? A．By giving a talk. B．By showing a picture. C．By asking questions. D．By giving an example. 2．What problem did scientists solve with a super-tiny computer? A．The robot couldn’t get enough driving force. B．The robot couldn’t swim freely in water. C．The panel left little space for the control system. D．The robot could not be charged anytime. 3．What can we learn about the tiny robot from the text? A．It gets power from a super-tiny computer. B．It can communicate with other robots. C．It uses a new way to get enough driving force. D．It runs for hours at most using solar panels. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．A Tiny Swimming Robot with Big Power. B．The History of Tiny Swimming Robots. C．How to Build a Small Solar-Powered Robot. D．The Challenges of Making Small Robots. Humans have been trying to predict the weather since long before any tool came into use. Written records show that people began to make weather forecasts thousands of years ago, using all kinds of natural elements (元素). Even today, some mountain climbers, hikers, and sailors still depend partly on these elements to know about weather changes. How do they make predictions? Watching the sky has always been a popular way to predict the weather. Clouds change noticeably when a storm is coming, so they are generally an accurate sign of what’s to come. For example, dark clouds are always a sign of bad weather, while low white cottony clouds promise bright weather. If you see a red sky in the morning, then it means that there is clear weather in the east where the sun is rising, but bad weather in the west. A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain. Another popular way is to watch animals. Animals can sense changes in the weather that humans cannot. For example, if ants move their nests or birds fly close to the ground, it might mean rain is coming. Other animal behaviors have not been studied closely, but they are still part of weather lore (气象谚语). One example is squirrels collecting an unusually large amount of food as a sign of an upcoming cold winter. Besides, listening to the human body can also help predict the weather. Before a storm, people who have old injuries or have problems with their joints often feel more pain. Although these ways are not always perfectly accurate, they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years. 1．Why does the writer ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To explain the result. B．To compare differences. C．To introduce the topic. D．To check readers’ knowledge. 2．Which of the following may be a sign of an upcoming rain? A．Low white cottony clouds. B．A ring of light around the moon. C．Birds flying close to the ground. D．Squirrels collecting plenty of food. 3．How does the writer feel about the old ways to predict the weather? A．They need more scientific studies. B．They work well in modern society. C．They carry something meaningful. D．They show humans’ love for nature. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Sky Signs for Weather Changes B．Natural Ways to Predict the Weather C．History of Early Weather Forecasts D．Weather Wisdom from Ancient People There is a special power in turning thoughts into words on paper. Writing, in its simplest form, is like a quiet conversation with yourself. It helps you understand your feelings, clear your worries, and give shape to your ideas. You don’t need perfect grammar or difficult words. What matters most is honesty and the courage to express what is truly on your mind. When you start writing, something interesting happens. As the pen moves or your fingers type, your thoughts begin to become clearer. Problems that once seemed too big may feel smaller and easier to deal with after you write them down. Writing gives you a chance to slow down and think carefully. It allows you to see your worries from a different point of view and find possible ways to solve them. Writing is also a good way to learn more about yourself. You can keep a daily journal to record your life, write a letter you never plan to send, or simply make a list of your thoughts at the end of the day. These simple habits can help you understand your feelings better and see things in a new way. Over time, you may notice that you become more patient and thoughtful. So, try to pick up a pen or open a notebook today. Give yourself some quiet time to write freely without fear of making mistakes. You may be surprised to find that writing not only brings you peace but also helps you grow and better understand your own mind. In the long run, this simple habit can become a useful tool for solving problems and building a healthier, happier life. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an idea. C．By listing a number. D．By giving an example. 2．What may happen after you write down your problems? A．They disappear at once. B．They become more difficult. C．They are forgotten quickly. D．They seem smaller and easier. 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of writing? A．Keeping a daily journal B．Writing stories for others C．Writing a letter you never plan to send D．Writing down your thoughts 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Writing B．Forming a Writing Habit C．A Silent Conversation D．Ways to Solve Problems You might see headlines of “raising lobster” recently online, but the “lobster” is not the kind you’d find on the dining table. It’s a new AI agent called OpenClaw. Using a red lobster as its symbol, it was developed by Austrian programmer Peter Steinberger. In China, many people have set up this AI on their computers, which they jokingly call “raising lobster”. We’ve already had AI tools like ChatGPT, and DeepSeek. They can advise us on what to do, but they can’t reach into the real world to do it for us. Also, they only “talk” when asked. OpenClaw, on the other hand, “actually does things”. For example, it can send emails and buy plane tickets. OpenClaw also has a long “memory”. Over time, it learns what you like and follows your schedule (日程). You can wake up in the morning to a message about your top three tasks without even having to ask the AI first. This proactiveness (主动性) is made possible by something called a “heartbeat”, according to Claire Vo, a US scientist. She explained that a heartbeat is a timer that goes off regularly (定时). With each “heartbeat”, the AI checks what comes next. However, OpenClaw collects a lot of personal information from users. In February, researchers found that some important information from OpenClaw had been put online without telling the users. Hackers (黑客) could use this to control users’ computers. The Chinese government has given its first-ever warnings about this kind of AI, telling people to be careful while using it. 1．What question does the first paragraph answer? A．What is “raising lobster”? B．Who developed OpenClaw? C．Why is OpenClaw special? D．How does OpenClaw work? 2．How is OpenClaw different from other AI tools? A．It owns a real heart. B．It helps its users with real tasks. C．It has a shorter memory. D．It provides better advice for people. 3．What can the “heartbeat” help OpenClaw do? A．Learn what users like. B．Talk with users when asked. C．Check what to do next. D．Protect users from hackers. 4．Why has the government warned people to be careful with OpenClaw? A．People can be controlled by OpenClaw. B．Users have spent too much money on it. C．It gives out users’ private information. D．Setting up OpenClaw on computers is very difficult. He Hua Shen was one of the most eye-catching programs at the 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. It brought together twelve performers, each standing for a goddess in charge of one month’s flower. The show was based on the traditional Chinese custom of the twelve monthly flower goddesses, which has been popular for hundreds of years. What made the show special was its perfect mix of traditional culture and modern technology. The designers created costumes in classic Chinese styles, using intangible cultural heritage fabrics and patterns from ancient cultural relics. For example, Li Qin, playing the Goddess of Osmanthus (桂花), wore an elegant Song-style dress that showed the beauty of traditional clothing. Qin Lan appeared as the Goddess of Peach Blossoms, whose look was soft and lovely like blooming peach flowers. Besides its beautiful looks, the program also carried deep cultural meanings. Each flower and goddess stands for certain values in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum (菊花) means purity and independence, while the lotus (荷花) stands for honesty and elegance. Through beautiful scenes, the show told these cultural stories in a lively and modern way. Modern technology played an important role, too. With AI and 3D effects, the stage looked like a real garden where flowers of twelve months bloomed at the same time. The amazing visual (视觉的) experience made the program popular among people of all ages, especially the young. He Hua Shen is more than just a performance. It helps traditional Chinese culture become fresh and lively again. It allows people at home and abroad to understand and appreciate (欣赏) traditional beauty in a new way. Many people hope to see more such creative cultural programs in the future. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The history of flower culture. B．A simple introduction of He Hua Shen. C．The stories of twelve flower goddesses. D．The importance of the Spring Festival Gala. 2．Why are Li Qin and Qin Lan mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To compare their different styles. B．To introduce their acting skills. C．To show the charm of the costumes. D．To explain the meaning of flowers. 3．What can we infer about the program? A．It is only welcomed by old people. B．It makes traditional culture closer to people. C．It depends too much on modern technology. D．It explains the history of each flower in detail. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a cultural program. B．To show how technology helps spread culture. C．To teach people how to enjoy flowers. D．To show the improvement of Chinese clothing. ①The 2026 Government Work Report clearly says that China will support some areas to carry out spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students, while putting into practice the wrong-time paid leave (错峰带薪休假) system for workers. As a hot topic, the rule has been tested in provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan. ②These short holidays bring many good points to students. They can lower study stress and help students keep healthy both in body and mind. With nice and comfortable weather, students can go out of classrooms to take part in activities, including farming experiences, nature watching and local culture learning. In this way, book knowledge is turned into real-life experience. ③The holidays also bring good points to families. Wrong-time leave allows parents to spend happy time with their children at lower costs, avoiding the crowds during busy travel seasons. Many families choose to travel, visit relatives or go to museums together, making family ties closer. At the same time, the holidays help develop local tourism and economy (旅游业与经济), making a win-win situation for education and society. ④However, there are still difficulties in carrying out these rules. The main problem is that many working parents cannot look after their children during the holidays. To solve this, many schools offer childcare services with colorful activities, and local communities offer more activities for students. The holidays can also be set freely according to local situations. ⑤In short, spring and autumn holidays are an important educational change. They show a turn from exam-centered education to a focus on all-round development. If families, schools and society work together, these holidays will help students grow in a healthier and more meaningful way. 1．What can students do during spring and autumn holidays according to the article? A．They can only learn knowledge from textbooks. B．They can take part in different kinds of activities. C．They have to stay at home and do more schoolwork. D．They can travel with no parents around. 2．Why are the holidays good for society and education? A．They make schools have longer teaching time. B．They let parents spend less time with their children. C．They help develop local tourism and create a win-win situation. D．They make people travel only during busy seasons. 3．Which of the following can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．All provinces in China must follow the rule right away. B．The “wrong-time paid leave” system will solve all the problems for parents. C．The development of local tourism and economy depends on the new rule. D．The rule will play an important role in helping students develop in many ways. 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the spring and autumn holidays? A．Doubtful and worried B．Supportive and hopeful C．Uninterested and careless D．calm and unhappy 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ When we see blooming flowers, we usually expect them to smell nice. But as they say, there’s an exception to every rule. Some plants give off smells like sulfur (硫磺), bad eggs or rotten (腐烂的) meat. “Remember that plants can’t walk,” says Paul Nicholson, a horticulturist in Sydney. “They can’t move to reproduce or escape from predators (掠食者). That’s why some of them smell so awful. They need to stand out to attract pollinators (传粉者) or drive away those who want to eat them. How smelly can these plants get? Let’s sniff two of the stinkiest (最臭的) up close! The corpse (死尸) flower   It’s hard to miss these plants—their leaves can shoot up to three meters tall. But the real show doesn’t start until they are old enough to bloom. “The flowers smell like a mix of week-old football socks and cat food left out in the sun,” says Nicholson. To make matters worse, “the flowers produce heat, making the smell even stronger.” But to the flies they rely on for pollination, the smell is great. The flowers bloom just once every few years and for just 24 to 36 hours each time. That’s why they must attract flies from far away to ensure their survival. The stink bean   These beans are also called petai. They grow in green pods (豆荚) up to 90 centimeters long. They should be quite familiar to those living in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. That’s because they can be eaten even though they smell like sulfur. ‘Many people believe they’re good for kidney (肾脏) health,’ says Lilian Kwok, a horticulturist in Singapore. Their strong smell is meant to attract animals, not people. In forests, chewed up and left behind seed pods can grow into new trees. The pods fall during heavy rains, and farmers — or rather, collectors — must act quickly as animals eat them so fast that humans can be left empty-handed.” It’s quite an expensive vegetable. It sells for about six Singapore dollars (about 33 Chinese yuan) per 200 grams!” adds Kwok. 1．Why do corpse flowers produce heat during blooming? A．To make their smell stronger. B．To help the plants grow taller. C．To attract human collectors. D．To protect their seeds from rain. 2．The stink beans give off a strong sulfur-like smell________. A．to refuse human collectors. B．to help them grow faster. C．to attract animals to spread seeds. D．to improve people’s kidney health. 3．Which of the following statements is True? A．It’s difficult for people to harvest pods because of their smell. B．Animals eat most of the pods before humans can harvest them. C．The corpse flower attracts pollinators by giving off a sweet smell. D．The corpse flower attracts pollinators by blooming often throughout the year. 4．What can we know from the article? A．Stinky plants are more common in urban areas. B．Animals avoid smelly plants to protect themselves. C．Plants with strong smells can be harmful to humans. D．Some plants use bad smells to survive and reproduce. Hurricanes (飓风), typhoons and tropical cyclones (热带气旋) are sometimes called nature's steam engines. They gain energy from warm ocean water. When hitting land, they use that energy to flatten towns and flood cities. Now as ocean temperatures keep breaking records, these “engines” are responding accordingly. Most Atlantic hurricanes make landfall (登陆) before reaching their full strength. But under the right conditions, a storm can grow stronger quickly. There is plenty of proof that these storms are getting stronger as climate change heats up the oceans. More heat means more energy for these storms. One result is that the peak strength of storms has risen. A 2020 study shows that from 1979 to 2017, the strength of storms increased by about six percent every ten years. Not all storms develop into hurricanes, typhoons or tropical cyclones. But now they are 25 percent more likely to reach that level than they were forty years ago. While storms now have stronger and faster winds, they move more slowly. Hurricanes near the U.S. have slowed by around 17 percent since the early 20th century. Tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific have slowed down by 20 percent. This change is partly due to (由于) the narrowing temperature gap (温差) between the Arctic (北极) and the tropics. The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the rest of the world. Slow-moving storms can pour more rain in one location. For example, Hurricane Debby brought 50 centimeters of rain to some towns in Florida this August. The damage from strong winds is also increasing. The longer the winds blow, the more destruction happens. Typhoons like Bebinca and Pulasan knocked down countless trees this September. To deal with stronger storms, we can use new technologies like early-warning systems to save lives. Meanwhile we must prepare our homes and neighborhoods for these disasters. After all, we can’t turn off climate change and return to the past. 1．What does the underlined word “flatten” most likely mean in Paragraph 1? A．To completely destroy. B．To make smoother. C．To rebuild. D．To clean. 2．Why are storms moving more slowly than before according to the passage? A．Because climate change is causing oceans to cool in certain areas. B．Because hurricanes are more likely to happen near urban areas. C．Because the peak strength of storms has decreased over time. D．Because the temperature gap is reducing and the Arctic is warming faster. 3．What can we know about different storms from the passage? A．Slower storms are less harmful due to lower wind speeds. B．Slower storms are more damaging because they stay longer in one area. C．Faster-moving storms cause more flooding than slower ones. D．Slower storms are becoming less common due to climate change. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a world-famous project with over 2,200 years of history, still shines with modern charm today. It was built in 256 BC by Li Bing and his son during the Warring States Period. Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods, but this project turned it into a “Land of Abundance”. And now it continues to support millions of people here with water. ________ It’s its harmony with nature. Without building a dam (坝), it makes good use of natural landscape. The project includes three main parts: Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou. Yuzui divides the Minjiang River into two parts. Feishayan can let out floods and sand and protects this project from silting (淤塞). Baopingkou controls the water flow to ensure irrigation. This ancient project now covers an irrigation area of 11.647 million mu. It is the largest irrigation (灌溉) area in China. In 2024, when a big flood hit the Minjiang River, the modern digital twin (数字孪生) system helped predict and guide water flow successfully. It showed the power of technology. Good news came in 2025: water from Dujiangyan will finally reach southern Sichuan for the first time. It will bring hope to the dry areas. To protect this cultural heritage, workers use modern technology to protect this project. They have built smart monitoring systems to keep an eye on the ancient structures and prevent damage. The idea of “working in harmony with nature” from Dujiangyan still gives valuable experience to the world today. Every year, the traditional “Water Release Festival” is held to celebrate this great project. With the ancient wisdom and modern innovation (创新), Dujiangyan proves that true progress doesn't have to harm the environment. It remains a typical example of how humans can live in balance with nature. 1．What was the Chengdu Plain like before the Dujiangyan was built? A．It was a dry area. B．It had no water source. C．It was a “Land of Abundance”. D．It often suffered from floods. 2．Which of the following sentences is suitable for the blank? A．What makes Dujiangyan so special? B．What does Dujiangyan mainly include? C．How does Dujiangyan prevent floods and sand? D．Who played an important role in the building of Dujiangyan? 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The Minjiang River B．The modern digital twin system C．The big flood in 2024 D．The Dujiangyan Irrigation System 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It shows how the three main parts of the Dujiangyan work. B．It introduces the history of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System. C．It tells the functions (功能) and modern importance of the Dujiangyan. D．It explains how to use science technology to protect the Dujiangyan. 重难语篇练习 Plastic pollution is a big problem for our oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea. In the water, plastic breaks into tiny pieces called microplastics. These tiny pieces hurt fish, seabirds, and other ocean animals. Scientists have found something surprising: many ocean bacteria (细菌) are learning to eat plastic. Researchers found a type of bacteria that could break down PET plastic—the kind used in water bottles. After that, scientists wanted to know if similar bacteria lived in the ocean. To find out, a team led by Dr. Carlos Duarte collected more than 400 ocean water samples from around the world. Using AI and genetic testing, the researchers looked for a special enzyme (酶) called PETase. This enzyme is like a tool that helps bacteria break down PET plastic. They found a special sign called the M5 motif that shows an enzyme can eat plastic. And the result was amazing: nearly 80% of the water samples had bacteria with this enzyme. These bacteria lived everywhere—from surface water with lots of plastic to the deep sea, two kilometers below the surface. Dr. Duarte explains: “In the ocean, where food is hard to find, microbes seem to have learned to use plastic as a new food source.” In other words, bacteria are treating our plastic waste as food. But there is bad news too. These bacteria break down plastic very slowly. They cannot clean up the plastic that is already in the ocean. “By the time plastics reach the deep sea, the harm to sea life has already been done,” says Dr. Duarte. Still, there is hope. The enzymes found in the deep sea give scientists new ideas. Researchers can study these enzymes and make them better in the lab. This could help us build better plastic recycling systems on land, and maybe one day even at home. Nature has started to fight back against plastic pollution. Now it is our turn to help. 1．Based on the passage, what can we most reasonably infer about the bacteria that can eat PET plastic? A．They evolved (进化) this ability after humans started putting plastic into the ocean. B．They will completely clean up all the plastic in the ocean within the next few years. C．They were created by scientists in a laboratory and then released into the ocean. D．They only live in surface water and cannot survive in the deep sea. 2．Which sentence should go in the empty box in paragraph 2? A．But nature may be fighting back. B．Therefore, humans must stop using plastic. C．However, bacteria cannot survive in the ocean. D．As a result, the problem is getting worse every day. 3．Which of the following best describes how the passage is organized? A．Enzyme definition → Past research → future trend B．Scientists’ findings → Bacteria’s action → Readers’ hope C．Problem → Experiment → Warning → Ways D．Problem → Discovery → Limitation →Hope 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To persuade readers to stop using plastic products immediately. B．To inform readers about a new scientific discovery and its possible uses. C．To describe how plastic pollution harms different sea animals. D．To teach readers how to recycle plastic at home. According to railway officials, since September 30, 2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2024, China’s railway system began using fully digital e-tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e-tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (代理商) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial expanded in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped with “For Reimbursement Only”. ▲ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out, passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程单) at self-service machines, which included all important information like departure time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．What does the underlined word “discontinued” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．put into use B．stopped being used C．widely welcomed D．quickly developed 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ▲ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. According to railway officials, since September 30,2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued (终止) and replaced (取代) by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2019, China’s railway system began using fully digital e—tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e—tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace (宽限期) period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (客服) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial (测试) expanded (扩大) in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed (标准速度) railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped (盖章) with “For Reimbursement Only”. ________ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out (逐步淘汰), passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程信息单) at self—service machines, which included all important information like departure (启程) time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．Which of the following sentences about paper tickets is TRUE? A．Paper tickets are no longer offered to passengers now. B．Paper tickets are still used in some major stations now. C．People can choose either paper tickets or e-tickets now. D．During the grace period, nobody could get paper tickets. 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ________ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. Deep in the mountains of Guizhou Province, there is a strange forest. You cannot see most of it, because it grows inside a cave. In March 2026, visitors to Maolan saw something unusual. The trees above ground were short and thin. But their roots (根) went down into a dark cave—as deep as 15.8 meters. The roots break through hard rocks, follow tiny cracks (裂缝) in the cave wall, and finally reach an underground river. This gives the trees water in a place where water is hard to find. People call this place an “underground reverse (反转) forest”. The roots are surprisingly large. They can take up more than half of the tree’s total weight. The trees put most of their energy into growing roots, not leaves or sticks. This is how they live in such a hard place. Why do trees grow this way? The answer lies in the land. Maolan has a Karst landform (喀斯特地貌). In Karst areas, there is very little soil. Rainwater does not stay on the surface—it quickly flows down through cracks in the rock. If a tree wants to survive, its roots cannot stay near the top. They must go deep. So the trees have developed a special way of living: above ground, they hold onto rocks; underground, their roots go straight down to find water. But water is not the only thing the roots find in the cave. The cave also gives them food. Bats’ waste and dead leaves fall into the cave from above. Over many years, these things break down and become rich soil inside the cave. This soil is full of nutrients (营养物) that feed the roots. With both water and food from the cave, the underground root system and the trees above ground work together as one living community. This discovery is not just interesting, it also helps us think about a bigger problem. In many Karst areas, the land turns into rocky desert. This is called stony desertification (石漠化). By learning how these trees survive, we may find new ways to bring back life to this kind of poor land. The underground reverse forest teaches us something important. Life is strong and clever. Even in the darkest, rockiest place, it finds a way to grow. And sometimes, what we cannot see is just as important as what we can see. 1．Why do people call the forest an “underground reverse forest”? A．The trees can survive in terrible environment. B．There is almost no soil or water on the surface. C．The trees are very short and thin above ground. D．The roots are larger than the part above the ground. 2．Which of the following correctly completes the mind map? A．Leaves fall into the cave and become soil. B．The tree grows up toward the sky for sunlight. C．The tree needs to find water from underground. D．The cave can offer nutrients to bats and leaves. 3．What is the meaning of discovering the reverse forest? A．It proves that trees can grow without any water. B．It helps us find new ways to help fix the poor land. C．It tells us to cut down fewer trees and protect them. D．It shows caves are the best place for planting forests. 4．What does the writer want to show in the last paragraph? A．To explain how the underground roots break through hard rock. B．To show the writer admires nature and wants us to learn from it. C．To remind readers that stony desertification is a serious problem. D．To give a summary of the main facts mentioned in this passage. (October 21, 2023) In September, Tropical Storm Ophelia caused flood in New York City with almost eight inches of rain falling in some areas. The whole city suffered from damage. The summer of 2023 was the hottest in history followed by the warmest September being in New York, also the wettest September in over a century. Just like eleven years ago, Superstorm Sandy flooded Staten Island. However, after the damage, a wise idea came up—to use Oysters (牡蛎) to help prevent storms. These keystone species can help to protect shorelines from storms and high tides and reduce the effects of erosion from heavy rain. New York City was once the oyster capital of the world. In the 19th century. However,  after a century of over harvesting and pollution, the city’s oyster reefs—once numbering 220,000—nearly disappeared from New York Harbor. In the U. S, oysters have been deeply in the culture and economy for centuries in New York and Louisiana, but now these communities are looking for these creatures to help protect their coastlines. Now, the New York City’s Billion Oyster Project is reintroducing 100 million oysters per year in the harbor. The project plans to restore one billion oysters by 2035. An adult oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day; one billion can filter the whole harbor in three days. With the help of Oysters, the water pollution can be reduced. Another coastal project, Living Breakwaters, shores up the disappearing coastline of Staten Island in New York. The project is building half-mile-long partially underwater breakwaters, covered in recycled oyster reefs that will make fewer effects from flooding and erosion while providing new habitat for hundreds of marine species. Although oyster reef restoration projects won’t stop seas from rising or prevent a hotter atmosphere from heavy rains, they’re one solution that comes with a number of environmental and economic benefits. Oyster restoration is now widely spread, from China to Australia. That is to say, oysters can play a huge role helping reduce the effects of coastal change. 1．From the first three paragraphs, we can infer that Oysters _________. A．play an important role in protecting coastlines B．eat the sea creatures on the coastlines C．reduce the market of seafood D．cause the sea level rise 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraphs 4&5? A．Two causes of the floods hitting New York. B．Two reasons for the climate change in New York. C．Two ways to solve the sea water pollution in New York. D．Two examples of using Oysters to protect the coastlines in New York. 3．What does filter in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Make water saltier. B．Make water cleaner. C．Make water flow faster. D．Make water temperature higher. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read this article? A．Culture B．Animals C．Environment D．Health 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读理解之说明文15篇 （江苏专用） 内容导航 内容速递 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 内容速递 本资料共15篇专项训练 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 Labubu, a cute toy with big teeth and fluffy fur from Chinese brand (品牌) Pop Mart, has become very popular worldwide. It shows how Chinese companies are changing people’s original opinions about them by creating new things, sharing cultural stories and bringing their own characters to the world. Many young people love Labubu not just because it looks cute, but also because it makes them feel connected to a larger story. China used to make lots of cheap toys for foreign brands. But now, companies with toys like Labubu are changing the toy business. They don’t just sell toys—they sell stories and feelings too. This new way of doing business has attracted a growing number of fans both at home and abroad. Pop Mart, the company that created Labubu, is leading this change. Its overseas earnings grew nearly 5 times in early 2025. Other Chinese toy companies like TOP TOY and 52TOYS are also doing well in global (全球的) markets. This toy craze shows China’s growing cultural industry. In 2024, China’s cultural businesses made over 14 trillion yuan, up 6% from 2023. That is a huge number and it keeps rising year by year. China’s toy industry, especially in cities like Dongguan—where one-fourth of the world’s cartoon toys are made—supports this growth with fast production and smart technology. Factories there can turn new ideas into real products very quickly. A factory owner said: “If you can make toys for Pop Mart, you can make any designer toy.” As a result, Chinese character toys have increased their global market share from just 3% in 2020 to 18% in 2025. China is moving from selling products to selling its own brands. This shift proves that China is moving beyond making things to become a creator of cultural icons, using imagination to win hearts worldwide. Labubu isn’t just a toy—it’s a symbol of how China’s stories are now being shared across the globe. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By telling a story. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．How much did China’s cultural businesses make in 2023? A．About 13.2 trillion yuan. B．Over 14 trillion yuan. C．About 14.8 trillion yuan. D．Less than 13 trillion yuan. 3．What did the factory owner mean by saying the underlined sentence? A．Pop Mart is difficult to work with. B．Dongguan makes many cartoon toys. C．Designer toys are more popular than other toys. D．China’s toy production has reached a high level. 4．What does the underlined word “shift” in the last paragraph most likely mean? A．产品 B．变化 C．市场 D．品牌 5．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards China’s toy industry? A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国角色玩具产业的发展以及中国从销售产品到销售自有品牌的转变，以拉布布为例展现中国文化故事在全球的传播。 1．文章开篇提到“Labubu, a cute toy with big teeth and fluffy fur from Chinese brand (品牌) Pop Mart, has become very popular worldwide”以中国品牌泡泡玛特的玩具拉布布在全球受欢迎这个例子引出话题，所以作者是通过举例子开始这篇文章的。 2．根据第二段“In 2024, China’s cultural businesses made over 14 trillion yuan, up 6% from 2023.”可知，2024年中国文化企业营收超过14万亿元，比2023年增长6%。设2023年营收为x万亿元，则x(1+6%)=14，解得x​≈13.2（万亿元），所以2023年约为13.2万亿元。 3．文中提到“If you can make toys for Pop Mart, you can make any designer toy.”，泡泡玛特是知名的玩具品牌，能为泡泡玛特生产玩具，就意味着能生产任何设计师玩具，说明中国的玩具生产达到了很高的水平。 4．前文提到“China is moving from selling products to selling its own brands.”可知，这是一种变化，所以shift意思是“变化”。 5．文章讲述了中国玩具行业从过去为外国品牌生产廉价玩具，到现在像泡泡玛特等品牌在全球市场取得成功，中国文化企业收入增长，玩具全球市场份额提升等情况，最后还提到“Labubu isn’t just a toy—it’s a symbol of how China's stories are now being shared across the globe.”，可以看出作者对中国玩具行业是充满希望的。 When the first computer was invented in 1946, it really helped humans solve math problems more effectively. But the “amazing machine” had a big problem—it was heavier than a truck and took up a whole hall. Thanks to years of scientists’ efforts, small-sized computers have already been popular. “Smaller in size, greater in power”—that’s what we have always dreamed of. Now scientists are achieving this goal in robots. That’s how the world’s smallest swimming robot was created. Unlike old complex (复杂的) robots, the new robot is smaller than a grain of salt (一粒盐). However, its tiny body has a complete “system”—a brain, a sensor (传感器) and a motor. Making this tiny robot was not an easy task. The first challenge was the power supply. Since it can’t be charged (充电) anytime, scientists decided to use the solar panel (太阳能电池板) which allows the robot to run for months. But most of its body was covered by the panel, leaving little space for the control system. Luckily, researchers developed a super-tiny computer to solve this problem. With it, the robot can be programmed and then move independently. The biggest challenge was making it swim. Its small size can’t get enough driving force from water. To solve this problem, scientists came up with the idea that the robot could create a tiny electric field. The ions (离子) from the field move nearby water molecules (分子), which then push the robot forward. The robot can sense water temperature, and with further study in the future, we may use it for more functions. For scientists, the next step is to enable the robots to communicate with each other. If the robots can share information, they can work together to help humans in more fields. 1．How does the writer introduce the topic “the world’s smallest swimming robot”? A．By giving a talk. B．By showing a picture. C．By asking questions. D．By giving an example. 2．What problem did scientists solve with a super-tiny computer? A．The robot couldn’t get enough driving force. B．The robot couldn’t swim freely in water. C．The panel left little space for the control system. D．The robot could not be charged anytime. 3．What can we learn about the tiny robot from the text? A．It gets power from a super-tiny computer. B．It can communicate with other robots. C．It uses a new way to get enough driving force. D．It runs for hours at most using solar panels. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．A Tiny Swimming Robot with Big Power. B．The History of Tiny Swimming Robots. C．How to Build a Small Solar-Powered Robot. D．The Challenges of Making Small Robots. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了世界上最小的游泳机器人，讲述了它的研发背景、面临的挑战及解决方法。 1．原文第1段通过介绍第一台计算机的笨重问题，引出“小型化、高性能”的目标，再举例说明科学家在机器人领域实现了这一目标，从而引入主题。因此作者是通过举例的方式引入话题的。 2．原文第3段提到“But most of its body was covered by the panel, leaving little space for the control system. Luckily, researchers developed a super-tiny computer to solve this problem.”，说明科学家用超微型计算机解决了太阳能电池板占空间大，控制系统没有空间的问题。 3．原文第4段提到“To solve this problem, scientists came up with the idea that the robot could create a tiny electric field. The ions from the field move nearby water molecules, which then push the robot forward.”，说明这个微型机器人采用了一种新的方式来获得足够的驱动力。 4．全文围绕世界上最小的游泳机器人展开，介绍了它的设计、挑战与功能，核心是这个体积微小但功能强大的机器人，因此最佳标题是“A Tiny Swimming Robot with Big Power”。 Humans have been trying to predict the weather since long before any tool came into use. Written records show that people began to make weather forecasts thousands of years ago, using all kinds of natural elements (元素). Even today, some mountain climbers, hikers, and sailors still depend partly on these elements to know about weather changes. How do they make predictions? Watching the sky has always been a popular way to predict the weather. Clouds change noticeably when a storm is coming, so they are generally an accurate sign of what’s to come. For example, dark clouds are always a sign of bad weather, while low white cottony clouds promise bright weather. If you see a red sky in the morning, then it means that there is clear weather in the east where the sun is rising, but bad weather in the west. A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain. Another popular way is to watch animals. Animals can sense changes in the weather that humans cannot. For example, if ants move their nests or birds fly close to the ground, it might mean rain is coming. Other animal behaviors have not been studied closely, but they are still part of weather lore (气象谚语). One example is squirrels collecting an unusually large amount of food as a sign of an upcoming cold winter. Besides, listening to the human body can also help predict the weather. Before a storm, people who have old injuries or have problems with their joints often feel more pain. Although these ways are not always perfectly accurate, they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years. 1．Why does the writer ask a question in the first paragraph? A．To explain the result. B．To compare differences. C．To introduce the topic. D．To check readers’ knowledge. 2．Which of the following may be a sign of an upcoming rain? A．Low white cottony clouds. B．A ring of light around the moon. C．Birds flying close to the ground. D．Squirrels collecting plenty of food. 3．How does the writer feel about the old ways to predict the weather? A．They need more scientific studies. B．They work well in modern society. C．They carry something meaningful. D．They show humans’ love for nature. 4．What is a suitable title for the passage? A．Sky Signs for Weather Changes B．Natural Ways to Predict the Weather C．History of Early Weather Forecasts D．Weather Wisdom from Ancient People 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了观天象、察动物、感身体三种依靠自然现象预测天气的古老方法，虽并非绝对精准，却蕴藏着人类长久以来与自然相处的智慧。 1．第一段结尾的问句“How do they make predictions?”，作用是引出下文全文要讲解的“各类自然预测天气的方法”，引出文章主题。 2．根据原文第二段最后一句“A circle of light around the moon may indicate rain.”可直接得出答案。 3．根据文章最后一段“they show the wisdom humans have gained in learning to live with nature for thousands of years.”，说明这些古老方法有深远的意义、价值。 4．文章整体分3大板块：观天、观动物、观人体，全部都是依靠自然现象的传统预测天气的方法，完整概括全文。 There is a special power in turning thoughts into words on paper. Writing, in its simplest form, is like a quiet conversation with yourself. It helps you understand your feelings, clear your worries, and give shape to your ideas. You don’t need perfect grammar or difficult words. What matters most is honesty and the courage to express what is truly on your mind. When you start writing, something interesting happens. As the pen moves or your fingers type, your thoughts begin to become clearer. Problems that once seemed too big may feel smaller and easier to deal with after you write them down. Writing gives you a chance to slow down and think carefully. It allows you to see your worries from a different point of view and find possible ways to solve them. Writing is also a good way to learn more about yourself. You can keep a daily journal to record your life, write a letter you never plan to send, or simply make a list of your thoughts at the end of the day. These simple habits can help you understand your feelings better and see things in a new way. Over time, you may notice that you become more patient and thoughtful. So, try to pick up a pen or open a notebook today. Give yourself some quiet time to write freely without fear of making mistakes. You may be surprised to find that writing not only brings you peace but also helps you grow and better understand your own mind. In the long run, this simple habit can become a useful tool for solving problems and building a healthier, happier life. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an idea. C．By listing a number. D．By giving an example. 2．What may happen after you write down your problems? A．They disappear at once. B．They become more difficult. C．They are forgotten quickly. D．They seem smaller and easier. 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of writing? A．Keeping a daily journal B．Writing stories for others C．Writing a letter you never plan to send D．Writing down your thoughts 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Writing B．Forming a Writing Habit C．A Silent Conversation D．Ways to Solve Problems 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了写作对梳理情绪、解决问题、认识自我的积极作用，倡导人们养成写作的习惯。 1．原文第1段提到“There is a special power in turning thoughts into words on paper.”，作者开篇提出写作具有特殊力量的观点，即通过给出一个观点开启文章。 2．原文第2段提到“Problems that once seemed too big may feel smaller and easier to deal with after you write them down.”，说明写下问题后，问题会显得更小、更容易处理。 3．原文第3段提到“You can keep a daily journal to record your life, write a letter you never plan to send, or simply make a list of your thoughts at the end of the day.”，提到了写日记、写不寄出的信、列想法清单，未提及“为别人写故事”。 4．全文围绕写作的特殊力量展开，介绍了写作对情绪、问题解决、自我成长的积极影响，A选项符合题意。 You might see headlines of “raising lobster” recently online, but the “lobster” is not the kind you’d find on the dining table. It’s a new AI agent called OpenClaw. Using a red lobster as its symbol, it was developed by Austrian programmer Peter Steinberger. In China, many people have set up this AI on their computers, which they jokingly call “raising lobster”. We’ve already had AI tools like ChatGPT, and DeepSeek. They can advise us on what to do, but they can’t reach into the real world to do it for us. Also, they only “talk” when asked. OpenClaw, on the other hand, “actually does things”. For example, it can send emails and buy plane tickets. OpenClaw also has a long “memory”. Over time, it learns what you like and follows your schedule (日程). You can wake up in the morning to a message about your top three tasks without even having to ask the AI first. This proactiveness (主动性) is made possible by something called a “heartbeat”, according to Claire Vo, a US scientist. She explained that a heartbeat is a timer that goes off regularly (定时). With each “heartbeat”, the AI checks what comes next. However, OpenClaw collects a lot of personal information from users. In February, researchers found that some important information from OpenClaw had been put online without telling the users. Hackers (黑客) could use this to control users’ computers. The Chinese government has given its first-ever warnings about this kind of AI, telling people to be careful while using it. 1．What question does the first paragraph answer? A．What is “raising lobster”? B．Who developed OpenClaw? C．Why is OpenClaw special? D．How does OpenClaw work? 2．How is OpenClaw different from other AI tools? A．It owns a real heart. B．It helps its users with real tasks. C．It has a shorter memory. D．It provides better advice for people. 3．What can the “heartbeat” help OpenClaw do? A．Learn what users like. B．Talk with users when asked. C．Check what to do next. D．Protect users from hackers. 4．Why has the government warned people to be careful with OpenClaw? A．People can be controlled by OpenClaw. B．Users have spent too much money on it. C．It gives out users’ private information. D．Setting up OpenClaw on computers is very difficult. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了近来网上走红的、被人们戏称为“养龙虾”的新型AI智能体OpenClaw。 1．第一段提出近期网上“养龙虾”的热议话题，随后解释此“龙虾”并非食用龙虾，而是名为OpenClaw的人工智能工具，还说明了其开发者及在中国被戏称“养龙虾”的情况，所以核心内容是解释网络热词“raising lobster”是什么。 2．根据文章第二段内容可知，传统AI工具只能给人们提供建议，只有被询问时才会回应，无法替人们完成现实中的具体事务；而OpenClaw可以实际完成发邮件、买机票这类真实任务。 3．依据第四段中“She explained that a heartbeat is a timer that goes off regularly (定时). With each “heartbeat”, the AI checks what comes next.”可知，“heartbeat”是一个定时器，每个“心跳”时刻，AI会检查接下来要做什么，所以“heartbeat”帮助OpenClaw检查下一步该做什么。 4．根据文章最后两段内容可知，OpenClaw会收集大量用户个人信息，存在用户重要隐私信息被擅自公开、被黑客利用的风险，也就是它存在泄露用户私人信息的安全问题，因此政府警告人们谨慎使用。 He Hua Shen was one of the most eye-catching programs at the 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. It brought together twelve performers, each standing for a goddess in charge of one month’s flower. The show was based on the traditional Chinese custom of the twelve monthly flower goddesses, which has been popular for hundreds of years. What made the show special was its perfect mix of traditional culture and modern technology. The designers created costumes in classic Chinese styles, using intangible cultural heritage fabrics and patterns from ancient cultural relics. For example, Li Qin, playing the Goddess of Osmanthus (桂花), wore an elegant Song-style dress that showed the beauty of traditional clothing. Qin Lan appeared as the Goddess of Peach Blossoms, whose look was soft and lovely like blooming peach flowers. Besides its beautiful looks, the program also carried deep cultural meanings. Each flower and goddess stands for certain values in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum (菊花) means purity and independence, while the lotus (荷花) stands for honesty and elegance. Through beautiful scenes, the show told these cultural stories in a lively and modern way. Modern technology played an important role, too. With AI and 3D effects, the stage looked like a real garden where flowers of twelve months bloomed at the same time. The amazing visual (视觉的) experience made the program popular among people of all ages, especially the young. He Hua Shen is more than just a performance. It helps traditional Chinese culture become fresh and lively again. It allows people at home and abroad to understand and appreciate (欣赏) traditional beauty in a new way. Many people hope to see more such creative cultural programs in the future. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The history of flower culture. B．A simple introduction of He Hua Shen. C．The stories of twelve flower goddesses. D．The importance of the Spring Festival Gala. 2．Why are Li Qin and Qin Lan mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To compare their different styles. B．To introduce their acting skills. C．To show the charm of the costumes. D．To explain the meaning of flowers. 3．What can we infer about the program? A．It is only welcomed by old people. B．It makes traditional culture closer to people. C．It depends too much on modern technology. D．It explains the history of each flower in detail. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a cultural program. B．To show how technology helps spread culture. C．To teach people how to enjoy flowers. D．To show the improvement of Chinese clothing. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了2026年央视春晚中备受关注的节目《荷花神》，阐述了其融合传统文化与现代科技的特点及文化意义。 1．第一段首先提到“He Hua Shen was one of the most eye-catching programs at the 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala”，接着介绍了《荷花神》节目汇集了十二位饰演十二个月花神的表演者，节目基于传统民俗，因此本段主要对《荷花神》进行了简单介绍。 2．第二段提到“The designers created costumes in classic Chinese styles...Qin Lan appeared as the Goddess of Peach Blossoms, whose look was soft and lovely like blooming peach flowers”，设计师使用非遗面料和古代文物图案制作传统风格的服装，随后以李沁和秦岚为例，说明她们的服装展现了传统服饰的美，因此提到她们是为了展示服装的魅力。 3．第四段提到节目受欢迎程度及原因：“The amazing visual (视觉的) experience made the program popular among people of all ages, especially the young”以及最后一段“He Hua Shen is more than just a performance. It helps traditional Chinese culture become fresh and lively again. It allows people at home and abroad to understand and appreciate (欣赏) traditional beauty in a new way”，这个节目让中国传统文化重新变得鲜活生动，让国内外大众能用新方式感受传统美，可推断出它让传统文化更贴近大众。 4．全文围绕《荷花神》这一文化节目展开，介绍了其内容、服装设计、文化内涵和技术特点，因此主要目的是介绍一个文化节目。 ①The 2026 Government Work Report clearly says that China will support some areas to carry out spring and autumn holidays for primary and secondary school students, while putting into practice the wrong-time paid leave (错峰带薪休假) system for workers. As a hot topic, the rule has been tested in provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Sichuan. ②These short holidays bring many good points to students. They can lower study stress and help students keep healthy both in body and mind. With nice and comfortable weather, students can go out of classrooms to take part in activities, including farming experiences, nature watching and local culture learning. In this way, book knowledge is turned into real-life experience. ③The holidays also bring good points to families. Wrong-time leave allows parents to spend happy time with their children at lower costs, avoiding the crowds during busy travel seasons. Many families choose to travel, visit relatives or go to museums together, making family ties closer. At the same time, the holidays help develop local tourism and economy (旅游业与经济), making a win-win situation for education and society. ④However, there are still difficulties in carrying out these rules. The main problem is that many working parents cannot look after their children during the holidays. To solve this, many schools offer childcare services with colorful activities, and local communities offer more activities for students. The holidays can also be set freely according to local situations. ⑤In short, spring and autumn holidays are an important educational change. They show a turn from exam-centered education to a focus on all-round development. If families, schools and society work together, these holidays will help students grow in a healthier and more meaningful way. 1．What can students do during spring and autumn holidays according to the article? A．They can only learn knowledge from textbooks. B．They can take part in different kinds of activities. C．They have to stay at home and do more schoolwork. D．They can travel with no parents around. 2．Why are the holidays good for society and education? A．They make schools have longer teaching time. B．They let parents spend less time with their children. C．They help develop local tourism and create a win-win situation. D．They make people travel only during busy seasons. 3．Which of the following can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．All provinces in China must follow the rule right away. B．The “wrong-time paid leave” system will solve all the problems for parents. C．The development of local tourism and economy depends on the new rule. D．The rule will play an important role in helping students develop in many ways. 4．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the spring and autumn holidays? A．Doubtful and worried B．Supportive and hopeful C．Uninterested and careless D．calm and unhappy 5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④/⑤ B．①②/③④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了2026年政府工作报告中提出的中小学春秋假和错峰带薪休假制度，分析了其对学生的好处、对家庭和社会的积极影响，以及实施中面临的困难和解决办法。 1．第二段中提到“students can go out of classrooms to take part in activities, including farming experiences, nature watching and local culture learning.”，说明学生可以在春秋假期间参加多种不同类型的活动。 2．第三段末尾提到“the holidays help develop local tourism and economy, making a win-win situation for education and society.”，因此假期对社会和教育的好处是促进地方旅游业发展并创造双赢局面。 3．第五段中提到“They show a turn from exam-centered education to a focus on all-round development.”以及“these holidays will help students grow in a healthier and more meaningful way.”，可以推断该规则将在促进学生多方面发展方面发挥重要作用。A、B、C三项均与原文内容不符或过于绝对。 4．第五段中作者称春秋假是“重要的教育变革”，并认为在各方共同努力下将“帮助学生以更健康、更有意义的方式成长”，由此可知作者的态度是支持且充满希望的。 5．文章结构为：第一段引入政策背景；第二段和第三段分别说明对学生和家庭社会的益处；第四段指出困难及解决办法；第五段总结评价。因此结构为①/②③/④/⑤。 When we see blooming flowers, we usually expect them to smell nice. But as they say, there’s an exception to every rule. Some plants give off smells like sulfur (硫磺), bad eggs or rotten (腐烂的) meat. “Remember that plants can’t walk,” says Paul Nicholson, a horticulturist in Sydney. “They can’t move to reproduce or escape from predators (掠食者). That’s why some of them smell so awful. They need to stand out to attract pollinators (传粉者) or drive away those who want to eat them. How smelly can these plants get? Let’s sniff two of the stinkiest (最臭的) up close! The corpse (死尸) flower   It’s hard to miss these plants—their leaves can shoot up to three meters tall. But the real show doesn’t start until they are old enough to bloom. “The flowers smell like a mix of week-old football socks and cat food left out in the sun,” says Nicholson. To make matters worse, “the flowers produce heat, making the smell even stronger.” But to the flies they rely on for pollination, the smell is great. The flowers bloom just once every few years and for just 24 to 36 hours each time. That’s why they must attract flies from far away to ensure their survival. The stink bean   These beans are also called petai. They grow in green pods (豆荚) up to 90 centimeters long. They should be quite familiar to those living in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. That’s because they can be eaten even though they smell like sulfur. ‘Many people believe they’re good for kidney (肾脏) health,’ says Lilian Kwok, a horticulturist in Singapore. Their strong smell is meant to attract animals, not people. In forests, chewed up and left behind seed pods can grow into new trees. The pods fall during heavy rains, and farmers — or rather, collectors — must act quickly as animals eat them so fast that humans can be left empty-handed.” It’s quite an expensive vegetable. It sells for about six Singapore dollars (about 33 Chinese yuan) per 200 grams!” adds Kwok. 1．Why do corpse flowers produce heat during blooming? A．To make their smell stronger. B．To help the plants grow taller. C．To attract human collectors. D．To protect their seeds from rain. 2．The stink beans give off a strong sulfur-like smell________. A．to refuse human collectors. B．to help them grow faster. C．to attract animals to spread seeds. D．to improve people’s kidney health. 3．Which of the following statements is True? A．It’s difficult for people to harvest pods because of their smell. B．Animals eat most of the pods before humans can harvest them. C．The corpse flower attracts pollinators by giving off a sweet smell. D．The corpse flower attracts pollinators by blooming often throughout the year. 4．What can we know from the article? A．Stinky plants are more common in urban areas. B．Animals avoid smelly plants to protect themselves. C．Plants with strong smells can be harmful to humans. D．Some plants use bad smells to survive and reproduce. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了一些气味难闻的植物，解释了它们散发难闻气味的原因，并详细介绍了两种最臭的植物——尸花和臭豆的特点、气味用途等相关信息。 1．根据“The corpse (死尸) flower”部分中“the flowers produce heat, making the smell even stronger.”可知，尸花在开花期间产热，是为了让它的气味更浓烈。 2．根据“The stink bean”部分中“Their strong smell is meant to attract animals, not people. In forests, chewed up and left behind seed pods can grow into new trees.”可知，臭豆散发类似硫磺的浓烈气味，是为了吸引动物来传播种子。 3．根据“The stink bean”部分中“The pods fall during heavy rains, and farmers — or rather, collectors — must act quickly as animals eat them so fast that humans can be left empty-handed.”可知，动物会很快吃掉臭豆的豆荚，人类必须迅速行动才能收获，即动物在人类收获之前吃掉了大部分豆荚，选项B表述正确。选项A中“因气味难收获”原文未提及；选项C中“尸花靠甜气味吸引传粉者”与原文“尸花气味难闻，吸引苍蝇传粉”不符；选项D中“尸花全年经常开花”与原文“尸花每几年开一次，每次仅24到36小时”不符。 4．根据第一段中“They can’t move to reproduce or escape from predators (掠食者). That’s why some of them smell so awful. They need to stand out to attract pollinators (传粉者) or drive away those who want to eat them.”以及下文对尸花和臭豆的介绍可知，一些植物散发难闻的气味是为了吸引传粉者繁殖，或赶走掠食者保护自己，即利用难闻的气味生存和繁殖。选项A中“臭植物在城市更常见”、选项B中“动物避开臭植物保护自己”、选项C中“有浓烈气味的植物对人类有害”原文均未提及。 Hurricanes (飓风), typhoons and tropical cyclones (热带气旋) are sometimes called nature's steam engines. They gain energy from warm ocean water. When hitting land, they use that energy to flatten towns and flood cities. Now as ocean temperatures keep breaking records, these “engines” are responding accordingly. Most Atlantic hurricanes make landfall (登陆) before reaching their full strength. But under the right conditions, a storm can grow stronger quickly. There is plenty of proof that these storms are getting stronger as climate change heats up the oceans. More heat means more energy for these storms. One result is that the peak strength of storms has risen. A 2020 study shows that from 1979 to 2017, the strength of storms increased by about six percent every ten years. Not all storms develop into hurricanes, typhoons or tropical cyclones. But now they are 25 percent more likely to reach that level than they were forty years ago. While storms now have stronger and faster winds, they move more slowly. Hurricanes near the U.S. have slowed by around 17 percent since the early 20th century. Tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific have slowed down by 20 percent. This change is partly due to (由于) the narrowing temperature gap (温差) between the Arctic (北极) and the tropics. The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the rest of the world. Slow-moving storms can pour more rain in one location. For example, Hurricane Debby brought 50 centimeters of rain to some towns in Florida this August. The damage from strong winds is also increasing. The longer the winds blow, the more destruction happens. Typhoons like Bebinca and Pulasan knocked down countless trees this September. To deal with stronger storms, we can use new technologies like early-warning systems to save lives. Meanwhile we must prepare our homes and neighborhoods for these disasters. After all, we can’t turn off climate change and return to the past. 1．What does the underlined word “flatten” most likely mean in Paragraph 1? A．To completely destroy. B．To make smoother. C．To rebuild. D．To clean. 2．Why are storms moving more slowly than before according to the passage? A．Because climate change is causing oceans to cool in certain areas. B．Because hurricanes are more likely to happen near urban areas. C．Because the peak strength of storms has decreased over time. D．Because the temperature gap is reducing and the Arctic is warming faster. 3．What can we know about different storms from the passage? A．Slower storms are less harmful due to lower wind speeds. B．Slower storms are more damaging because they stay longer in one area. C．Faster-moving storms cause more flooding than slower ones. D．Slower storms are becoming less common due to climate change. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文讲述了气候变化如何影响飓风、台风和热带气旋等风暴。 1．根据第一段“When hitting land, they use that energy to flatten towns and flood cities.” 根据上下文，飓风用能量“flatten towns and flood cities”，与“flood”并列的动词应表示破坏性动作。选项A“To completely destroy”意为“彻底摧毁”，符合语境。 2．根据第四段“This change is partly due to the narrowing temperature gap between the Arctic and the tropics. The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the rest of the world.” 因此风暴移动变慢的原因是温差缩小且北极变暖更快。 3．根据第五段“Slow-moving storms can pour more rain in one location.” 说明移动缓慢的风暴在一个地方停留更久，带来更多降雨，破坏性更强。 The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a world-famous project with over 2,200 years of history, still shines with modern charm today. It was built in 256 BC by Li Bing and his son during the Warring States Period. Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods, but this project turned it into a “Land of Abundance”. And now it continues to support millions of people here with water. ________ It’s its harmony with nature. Without building a dam (坝), it makes good use of natural landscape. The project includes three main parts: Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou. Yuzui divides the Minjiang River into two parts. Feishayan can let out floods and sand and protects this project from silting (淤塞). Baopingkou controls the water flow to ensure irrigation. This ancient project now covers an irrigation area of 11.647 million mu. It is the largest irrigation (灌溉) area in China. In 2024, when a big flood hit the Minjiang River, the modern digital twin (数字孪生) system helped predict and guide water flow successfully. It showed the power of technology. Good news came in 2025: water from Dujiangyan will finally reach southern Sichuan for the first time. It will bring hope to the dry areas. To protect this cultural heritage, workers use modern technology to protect this project. They have built smart monitoring systems to keep an eye on the ancient structures and prevent damage. The idea of “working in harmony with nature” from Dujiangyan still gives valuable experience to the world today. Every year, the traditional “Water Release Festival” is held to celebrate this great project. With the ancient wisdom and modern innovation (创新), Dujiangyan proves that true progress doesn't have to harm the environment. It remains a typical example of how humans can live in balance with nature. 1．What was the Chengdu Plain like before the Dujiangyan was built? A．It was a dry area. B．It had no water source. C．It was a “Land of Abundance”. D．It often suffered from floods. 2．Which of the following sentences is suitable for the blank? A．What makes Dujiangyan so special? B．What does Dujiangyan mainly include? C．How does Dujiangyan prevent floods and sand? D．Who played an important role in the building of Dujiangyan? 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The Minjiang River B．The modern digital twin system C．The big flood in 2024 D．The Dujiangyan Irrigation System 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It shows how the three main parts of the Dujiangyan work. B．It introduces the history of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System. C．It tells the functions (功能) and modern importance of the Dujiangyan. D．It explains how to use science technology to protect the Dujiangyan. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了千年都江堰水利工程的建造背景、设计理念与功能，讲述了它在现代结合科技持续发挥作用，阐释了“人与自然和谐共生”这一古老智慧的当代价值。 1．根据第一段“Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods,”可知，没有建设都江堰之前，成都平原经常遭受洪灾。故选D。 2．空格后的回答“It’s its harmony with nature.”可知，都江堰与自然和谐共存，接着介绍了都江堰顺应自然的设计理念和结构功能，是对都江堰“特别之处”的回答。故选A。 3．划线词it所在句的前文说“the modern digital twin system helped predict and guide water flow successfully”可知，现代数字孪生系统成功帮助预测、疏导水流；承接前文可知it指代的就是前文的“现代数字孪生系统”。因此选B。 4．文章不仅介绍了都江堰的历史、原有功能，还介绍了它在现代社会的新作用、新发展，以及它“人与自然和谐共存”理念在当代的价值。只有C概括了“功能+现代重要性”的核心内容，因此选C。 重难语篇练习 Plastic pollution is a big problem for our oceans. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the sea. In the water, plastic breaks into tiny pieces called microplastics. These tiny pieces hurt fish, seabirds, and other ocean animals. Scientists have found something surprising: many ocean bacteria (细菌) are learning to eat plastic. Researchers found a type of bacteria that could break down PET plastic—the kind used in water bottles. After that, scientists wanted to know if similar bacteria lived in the ocean. To find out, a team led by Dr. Carlos Duarte collected more than 400 ocean water samples from around the world. Using AI and genetic testing, the researchers looked for a special enzyme (酶) called PETase. This enzyme is like a tool that helps bacteria break down PET plastic. They found a special sign called the M5 motif that shows an enzyme can eat plastic. And the result was amazing: nearly 80% of the water samples had bacteria with this enzyme. These bacteria lived everywhere—from surface water with lots of plastic to the deep sea, two kilometers below the surface. Dr. Duarte explains: “In the ocean, where food is hard to find, microbes seem to have learned to use plastic as a new food source.” In other words, bacteria are treating our plastic waste as food. But there is bad news too. These bacteria break down plastic very slowly. They cannot clean up the plastic that is already in the ocean. “By the time plastics reach the deep sea, the harm to sea life has already been done,” says Dr. Duarte. Still, there is hope. The enzymes found in the deep sea give scientists new ideas. Researchers can study these enzymes and make them better in the lab. This could help us build better plastic recycling systems on land, and maybe one day even at home. Nature has started to fight back against plastic pollution. Now it is our turn to help. 1．Based on the passage, what can we most reasonably infer about the bacteria that can eat PET plastic? A．They evolved (进化) this ability after humans started putting plastic into the ocean. B．They will completely clean up all the plastic in the ocean within the next few years. C．They were created by scientists in a laboratory and then released into the ocean. D．They only live in surface water and cannot survive in the deep sea. 2．Which sentence should go in the empty box in paragraph 2? A．But nature may be fighting back. B．Therefore, humans must stop using plastic. C．However, bacteria cannot survive in the ocean. D．As a result, the problem is getting worse every day. 3．Which of the following best describes how the passage is organized? A．Enzyme definition → Past research → future trend B．Scientists’ findings → Bacteria’s action → Readers’ hope C．Problem → Experiment → Warning → Ways D．Problem → Discovery → Limitation →Hope 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To persuade readers to stop using plastic products immediately. B．To inform readers about a new scientific discovery and its possible uses. C．To describe how plastic pollution harms different sea animals. D．To teach readers how to recycle plastic at home. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文为说明文，本文先介绍海洋塑料污染难题，讲述海洋细菌可分解塑料的发现，点明局限并给出治理希望。 1．第一段交代现状：“Plastic pollution is a big problem for our oceans”，引出严峻的海洋塑料污染问题；第四段说明原因：“In the ocean, where food is hard to find, microbes seem to have learned to use plastic as a new food source”，表明海洋食物匮乏促使细菌进化出分解塑料的能力，由此可推出这类细菌是在塑料进入海洋后进化出该能力。 2．首段描述塑料污染危害海洋生物，第二段“Scientists have found something surprising...”引出细菌吞食塑料的意外发现，需要过渡句衔接危机与自然的应对，A项“But nature may be fighting back.”衔接上下文逻辑通顺。 3．文章行文逻辑：首先提出海洋塑料污染问题，接着介绍海洋细菌分解塑料的科学发现，而后点明细菌分解速度慢的局限性，最后说明酶研究带来的治理希望，对应结构为问题→发现→局限→希望。 4．通读全文可知，文章客观介绍海洋食塑细菌的科研发现，讲解该发现的短板与潜在利用价值，目的是向读者科普新知与应用前景。 According to railway officials, since September 30, 2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2024, China’s railway system began using fully digital e-tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e-tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (代理商) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial expanded in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped with “For Reimbursement Only”. ▲ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out, passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程单) at self-service machines, which included all important information like departure time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．What does the underlined word “discontinued” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．put into use B．stopped being used C．widely welcomed D．quickly developed 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ▲ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国铁路系统从2024年11月起全面使用电子票，纸票于2025年9月30日正式停止使用，并回顾了电子票的发展历程。 1．第一段明确指出：“According to railway officials, since September 30, 2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets that you can get online”，说明纸票不再使用，被电子票取代，“discontinued”意思是“停止使用”。 2．第五段提到电子票的推广过程后，空处前文“From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped with ‘For Reimbursement Only’”说明从那时起，乘客只需使用身份证即可旅行，纸票开始被印上“仅供报销”字样，意味着纸票不再是乘车的必需品。 3．文章详细描述了电子票的推广过程，包括试运行、逐步扩大范围、最终全面使用等，且提到为确保乘客适应变化提供了宽限期，还考虑到老年乘客可能难以适应变化而提供了打印行程单的选项，说明作者认为这一变化是必要且有帮助的。 4．文章主要讲述了中国铁路系统全面使用电子票的情况，包括纸票的停用、电子票的推广过程等，C选项“中国铁路系统全面使用电子票。”符合文章主旨。 According to railway officials, since September 30,2025, paper tickets have no longer been used. They are completely discontinued (终止) and replaced (取代) by electronic tickets that you can get online. Many people have been sharing photos of their old paper tickets on social media in memory of the past. Starting from November 1, 2019, China’s railway system began using fully digital e—tickets. This means passengers no longer have to go to ticket windows or machines to get paper tickets for reimbursement (报销), so that they can get back the money they spent. Instead, they could get e—tickets online whenever they needed them. To make sure everyone could get used to this change, a grace (宽限期) period was provided. This grace period lasted until September 30, 2025. During this time, paper tickets remained available (可获得的) for those who needed them. China Railway’s 12306 service confirmed that after September 30, passengers would not be able to get paper tickets any longer. A customer service agent (客服) said, “After that, all stations stopped offering them. Everything became electronic, and we have not received any news about further changes.” China’s move toward paperless train travel actually started back in 2018. In November of that year, electronic tickets were first tested on the Hainan Roundabout Railway. The trial (测试) expanded (扩大) in July the following year to 13 stations on the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway. By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on all normal-speed (标准速度) railways. From that time on, passengers could travel using just their ID cards. It was at this point that paper tickets began to be stamped (盖章) with “For Reimbursement Only”. ________ Some people were worried that older passengers might find it difficult to get used to the change. Even though paper tickets were being phased out (逐步淘汰), passengers could still print a travel itinerary (行程信息单) at self—service machines, which included all important information like departure (启程) time, station names, seat number, and gate number. This made sure that all passengers could easily check their journey details. 1．Which of the following sentences about paper tickets is TRUE? A．Paper tickets are no longer offered to passengers now. B．Paper tickets are still used in some major stations now. C．People can choose either paper tickets or e-tickets now. D．During the grace period, nobody could get paper tickets. 2．Which of the following sentences can best fill in ________ in the passage? A．However, many people preferred the old way. B．So no passengers had to keep them carefully. C．That means they were not needed to get on the train. D．That’s why all the paper tickets were no longer used. 3．What does the writer probably think of the change to e-tickets? A．It causes trouble for old people. B．It should be stopped at once. C．It is a necessary and helpful step. D．It is useless for most passengers. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of train tickets in China. B．The ways to get reimbursement for train tickets. C．The full use of e-tickets in China’s railway system. D．The reasons why paper tickets are better than e-tickets. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国铁路系统自2025年9月30日起全面停用纸质车票，改用电子客票的改革情况，阐述了改革背景、过渡期安排、具体实施细节及便民措施。 1．第一段明确提到“since September 30,2025, paper tickets have been no longer used. They are completely discontinued and replaced by electronic tickets”，说明纸质车票现在不再提供给乘客。 2．前文提到“By June 2020, e-tickets had been used all across China on normal-speed railways. From that time on, passengers could travel just using their ID cards.”，此处需要总结这一变化的结果，C选项“That means they were not needed to get on the train.”（这意味着上车不再需要车票）符合逻辑。 3．作者提到电子客票实现了“无纸化”，方便乘客随时打印报销凭证，且后文提到帮助老年乘客适应，体现了作者认为这一变革是必要且有帮助的。 4．全文围绕中国铁路系统停用纸质票、全面实施电子客票的改革展开，介绍了改革的时间、原因、过程及详情，核心是电子客票在中国铁路系统的全面使用。 Deep in the mountains of Guizhou Province, there is a strange forest. You cannot see most of it, because it grows inside a cave. In March 2026, visitors to Maolan saw something unusual. The trees above ground were short and thin. But their roots (根) went down into a dark cave—as deep as 15.8 meters. The roots break through hard rocks, follow tiny cracks (裂缝) in the cave wall, and finally reach an underground river. This gives the trees water in a place where water is hard to find. People call this place an “underground reverse (反转) forest”. The roots are surprisingly large. They can take up more than half of the tree’s total weight. The trees put most of their energy into growing roots, not leaves or sticks. This is how they live in such a hard place. Why do trees grow this way? The answer lies in the land. Maolan has a Karst landform (喀斯特地貌). In Karst areas, there is very little soil. Rainwater does not stay on the surface—it quickly flows down through cracks in the rock. If a tree wants to survive, its roots cannot stay near the top. They must go deep. So the trees have developed a special way of living: above ground, they hold onto rocks; underground, their roots go straight down to find water. But water is not the only thing the roots find in the cave. The cave also gives them food. Bats’ waste and dead leaves fall into the cave from above. Over many years, these things break down and become rich soil inside the cave. This soil is full of nutrients (营养物) that feed the roots. With both water and food from the cave, the underground root system and the trees above ground work together as one living community. This discovery is not just interesting, it also helps us think about a bigger problem. In many Karst areas, the land turns into rocky desert. This is called stony desertification (石漠化). By learning how these trees survive, we may find new ways to bring back life to this kind of poor land. The underground reverse forest teaches us something important. Life is strong and clever. Even in the darkest, rockiest place, it finds a way to grow. And sometimes, what we cannot see is just as important as what we can see. 1．Why do people call the forest an “underground reverse forest”? A．The trees can survive in terrible environment. B．There is almost no soil or water on the surface. C．The trees are very short and thin above ground. D．The roots are larger than the part above the ground. 2．Which of the following correctly completes the mind map? A．Leaves fall into the cave and become soil. B．The tree grows up toward the sky for sunlight. C．The tree needs to find water from underground. D．The cave can offer nutrients to bats and leaves. 3．What is the meaning of discovering the reverse forest? A．It proves that trees can grow without any water. B．It helps us find new ways to help fix the poor land. C．It tells us to cut down fewer trees and protect them. D．It shows caves are the best place for planting forests. 4．What does the writer want to show in the last paragraph? A．To explain how the underground roots break through hard rock. B．To show the writer admires nature and wants us to learn from it. C．To remind readers that stony desertification is a serious problem. D．To give a summary of the main facts mentioned in this passage. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了贵州茂兰的“地下反转森林”，树木在地面上矮小细弱，但根系深入洞穴获取水分和养分，并探讨了这种现象对治理石漠化的启示。 1．第二段指出树木“above ground were short and thin”但“roots went down...as deep as 15.8 meters”，且第三段指出“roots...can take up more than half of the tree’s total weight”，说明根系比地上部分更发达，因此称为“地下反转森林”。 2．图中第一框提到“Little soil. Water quickly goes down.”，说明地表缺水，因此树木需要从地下找水，问号框对应C项“The tree needs to find water from underground.”。 3．倒数第二段指出“By learning how these trees survive, we may find new ways to bring back life to this kind of poor land.”，说明这一发现有助于我们找到修复贫瘠土地的新方法。 4．最后一段总结“Life is strong and clever...it finds a way to grow.”，表达了作者对自然的敬畏，并希望读者从中学习。 (October 21, 2023) In September, Tropical Storm Ophelia caused flood in New York City with almost eight inches of rain falling in some areas. The whole city suffered from damage. The summer of 2023 was the hottest in history followed by the warmest September being in New York, also the wettest September in over a century. Just like eleven years ago, Superstorm Sandy flooded Staten Island. However, after the damage, a wise idea came up—to use Oysters (牡蛎) to help prevent storms. These keystone species can help to protect shorelines from storms and high tides and reduce the effects of erosion from heavy rain. New York City was once the oyster capital of the world. In the 19th century. However,  after a century of over harvesting and pollution, the city’s oyster reefs—once numbering 220,000—nearly disappeared from New York Harbor. In the U. S, oysters have been deeply in the culture and economy for centuries in New York and Louisiana, but now these communities are looking for these creatures to help protect their coastlines. Now, the New York City’s Billion Oyster Project is reintroducing 100 million oysters per year in the harbor. The project plans to restore one billion oysters by 2035. An adult oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day; one billion can filter the whole harbor in three days. With the help of Oysters, the water pollution can be reduced. Another coastal project, Living Breakwaters, shores up the disappearing coastline of Staten Island in New York. The project is building half-mile-long partially underwater breakwaters, covered in recycled oyster reefs that will make fewer effects from flooding and erosion while providing new habitat for hundreds of marine species. Although oyster reef restoration projects won’t stop seas from rising or prevent a hotter atmosphere from heavy rains, they’re one solution that comes with a number of environmental and economic benefits. Oyster restoration is now widely spread, from China to Australia. That is to say, oysters can play a huge role helping reduce the effects of coastal change. 1．From the first three paragraphs, we can infer that Oysters _________. A．play an important role in protecting coastlines B．eat the sea creatures on the coastlines C．reduce the market of seafood D．cause the sea level rise 2．What’s the main idea of Paragraphs 4&5? A．Two causes of the floods hitting New York. B．Two reasons for the climate change in New York. C．Two ways to solve the sea water pollution in New York. D．Two examples of using Oysters to protect the coastlines in New York. 3．What does filter in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Make water saltier. B．Make water cleaner. C．Make water flow faster. D．Make water temperature higher. 4．In which part of a newspaper can we read this article? A．Culture B．Animals C．Environment D．Health 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了纽约市受暴风雨和洪水影响，通过牡蛎礁修复项目和“活防波堤”项目利用牡蛎保护海岸线，减少洪水和侵蚀的影响，以及牡蛎修复的广泛应用和多重益处。 1．前三段指出牡蛎的作用：“However, after the damage, a wise idea came up—to use Oysters(牡蛎）to help prevent storms. These keystone species can help to protect shorelines from storms and high tides and reduce the effects of erosion from heavy rain.”，说明牡蛎在保护海岸线方面发挥着重要作用。 2．第四、五段分别介绍了两个项目：“Now, the New York city’s Billion Oyster Project is reintroducing 100 million oysters per year in the harbor.”和“Another coastal project, Living Breakwaters, shores up the disappearing coastline of Staten Island in New York. The project is building half-mile-long partially underwater breakwaters, covered in recycled oyster reefs”，表明这两段主要讲了纽约利用牡蛎保护海岸线的两个例子。 3．第四段提到“An adult oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day; one billion can filter the whole harbor in three days. With the help of Oysters, the water pollution can be reduced.”，结合“减少水污染”可推断，filter意为“使水更干净”。 4．全文围绕牡蛎修复项目保护海岸线、减少水污染、保护海洋生物等环境相关内容展开，由此可推断，我们能在报纸的环境版块读到这篇文章。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $