Unit 6 Sunshine for all单词知识点详解 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦8B Unit 6“Sunshine for all”主题，系统梳理核心词汇及用法。从描述特殊群体的形容词（blind, deaf, disabled等）到动词（donate, expect, require等）、名词（disability, competition等），涵盖词形变化、固定搭配、词义辨析及语境运用，构建从词汇认知到综合应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇基础—用法拓展—语境应用”逻辑展开，通过对比表格（如elderly/elder/older）、动词填空、词汇运用等多样化习题，强化语言能力。注重思维品质培养，如辨析近义词、理解熟词生义，同时通过例句和情境任务提升学习能力，助力学生掌握词汇网络并灵活运用。

8B Unit 6 Sunshine for all 1. blind adj. 瞎的，失明的 （P79）a blind person ☑ 词形变化 adj. blind --- adv. (摸黑地，盲目地) --- n. ☑ 动词填空 The blind (be) often equipped with s sharper sense of hearing. ☑ 词汇运用 The baby was born .(瞎的) 2. deaf adj. 聋的 （P79）deaf people 3. *disabled adj. 有残疾的 （P79）a disabled person 4. *elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 （P79）an elderly person ✎ elderly, elder与older 单词 词性 词义 例句 elderly 形容词 委婉表示“上了年纪的” （old较为客观，生硬） an elderly couple elder 形容词/名词 家族长幼顺序；长者 my elder sister (my younger sister) the elder of their two sons older 形容词 old的比较级形式 She's much older than me. Older cars are heavy on gas. 5. *disability n. (某种) 缺陷，障碍 [C] （P79）What about people with disabilities? 6. service n. 服务 [C/U] （P79）Most government provide different kinds of services to help them live a full life. ☑ 词形变化 n. service --- v. ☑ 词汇运用 The restaurant is famous for its good . (服务) The hotel offers a wealth of , including a spa, a gym, and 24-hour room . (服务) ☑ 动词填空 Mr. Wang as the headmaster of our school for ten years. (serve) Breakfast between 7:00 and 9:00 every morning in this hotel. (serve) 7. donate vt.&vi. 捐赠；捐献 （P79）They usually do so by donating money. ☑ 词形变化 v. donate--- n. (捐赠，捐赠物) --- n. (捐赠者) ✎ donate...to... 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。 He charity. ☑ 动词填空 All the clothes (donate) to the earthquake victims yesterday. There is a box of food (donate) by a local supermarket on the table. 8. expect vt. 预料，预期；期待 （P80）...,did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. ✎ expect (sb.) to do sth. 不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。 You can't expect a few months. 我没料到他会成为一个成功的作家。 I didn't expect . ✎ expect+that从句 预计有一千多名运动员参加运动会。 It is expected that . ☑ 动词填空 The exam is much more difficult than we (expect). --- Did you see Mary at the party? --- No, we (expect) her to come, but she didn’t show up. Visitors (expect) to take off their shoes before entering the temple. Who do you expect (win) the singing competition ? 9. athlete n. 运动员 [C.] （P80）The Paralympic Winter Games give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. 10. confidence n. 自信心；信心 （P80）The Paralympic Winter Games give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. ✎ have confidence in .... = be confident of/about .... 她相信她学生的能力。 She . ☑ 词汇运用 The shy girl spoke (confident) in front of the whole class, which surprised everyone. Although she was nervous inside, she tried to look (自信) on stage. You need to show more (confident) in yourself if you want to succeed. 11. require vt. 需要，依靠 （P80）This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers. ✎ require sb. to do sth. 这些规定要求雇主们提供安全方面的训练。 The rules require employers . ✎ require doing = require to be done 需要洗车了。 The car requires . ☑ 动词填空 Visitors are required (show) their ID cards at the entrance. * The law requires that everyone (wear) a seat belt. 12. spare adj. 空闲的，空余的 （P80）It is very nice of them to give up their spare time to help at the event. ☑ 熟词生义 I'm afraid I haven't got any spare cash. Take some spare clothes in case you get wet. We can only spare one room for you. 13. receive vt. 受到；接到 （P80）They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes. ✎ 我们期待尽快收到你的来信。 We are looking forward to soon. 14. necessary adj. 必需的，必要的 （P80）They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes. 15. wheelchair n. 轮椅 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. 16. remind vt. 提醒 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. ✎ remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 请提醒我按时吃药。 Please remind me . ✎ remind sb of sth. 使某人想起某事 这些老照片让她想起了快乐的童年。 The old photos happy childhood. 17. seat belt n. (汽车或飞机上的)安全带 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. 18. medal n. 奖牌，勋章 [C.] （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 19. gold n. 金牌；金 （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. ☑ 词汇运用 He won three (gold) and a bronze. The ring is not made of real .(gold) 20. silver n. 银牌；银 （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 21. competition n. 比赛；竞争 [C] （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 22. background n. 出身背景；背景 （P81）Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. ✎ *against a background of... The mountain looks grey against a background of white clouds. 在白云的映衬下，山看起来是灰色的。 The love story unfolds against a background of civil war. 这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。 23. ability n. 才能，本领；能力 [C] （P81）The athletes do their best to show their abilities through sport, while the warm-hearted volunteers are ready to offer them support and help make the event a great success. ☑ 词形变化 n. ability--- n. (残疾，障碍) --- adj. --- v. (使能够) ✎ the ability to do sth. 她有与人良好沟通的能力。 She has the ability . 24. warm-hearted adj. 善良诚恳的 （P81）The athletes do their best to show their abilities through sport, while the warm-hearted volunteers are ready to offer them support and help make the event a great success. 25. courage n. 勇气 [U] （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ have the courage to do sth. 真正的成功属于那些有勇气从错误中吸取教训的人。 True success belongs to those who . 26. achieve vt. 达到(目标等)；完成 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ 常见的宾语搭配 achieve success achieve a goal/dream achieve a balance between ... and ... achieve high grades/marks 27. greatly adv. 非常，很 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. 28. influence vt.&n. 影响 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ have an influence on .... (= make a difference to...) 对...有影响 那些朋友对她有负面的影响。 Those friends are . ✎ under the influence of... 在...的影响下 在音乐老师的影响下，他爱上了钢琴。 , the boy fell in love with the piano. ☑ 词汇运用 The sudden storm seriously (influence) our travel plans, and we had to cancel the trip. The boy was strongly (influence) by his grandfather, who taught him to be honest and kind. 29. compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 （P83）I could not believe it when I was chosen to compete in the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games ☑ 词形变化 v. compete--- n. (竞赛) --- n. (竞争者) --- adj. (有竞争力的，竞争激烈的) ✎ compete with/against sb. for sth. in ... 世界各地数以千计的运动员在奥运会上为争夺金牌而奋力拼搏。 the Olympics. 30. smoothly adv. 顺利地；平滑地 （P83）To make sure everything runs smoothly, ... ✎ go smoothly 进展顺利（动副短语） 面试一开始不太顺利，但她后来平静下来了。 The interview at first, but she calmed down later. 31. voluntary adj. 义务性的；自愿的 （P84）Right now, I am doing some voluntary work at a school for blind children. ☑ 词形变化 adj. voluntary--- adv. --- n. --- v. ✎ 我相信志愿服务不仅对他人有帮助，而且对我们自己也很有意义。 I believe that . ✎ 假期里她去了一个偏远的村庄担任志愿护士。 She in a faraway village during her holiday. ☑ 词汇运用 He doesn’t get paid for his work; it’s completely (volunteer). When the teacher asked for help, Tom raise his hand (volunteer). She (volunteer) to read stories to the sick children in hospital last summer. 32. cross vt.&vi. 穿越，横过 （P84）It’s good to help blind people cross the road. ☑句型转换 It’s good to help blind people cross the road. It’s good to help blind people . ☑ 动词填空 The little boy held his mother’s hand tightly while (cross) the busy street. She (cross) her arms and waited. They spent three months travelling (across/through) China from east to west. ☑熟词生义 I was cross with him for being late. 33. charity n. 慈善机构(或组织) [C] （P84）It’s helpful to donate money to charities. 34. western adj. 西部的；西方国家的 （P87）It asks college students to volunteer in China’s western areas. ☑ 词汇运用 Silk Road connected the eastern world with countries, and many travelers’ stories were later turned into exciting (west). 35. *popularity n. 受欢迎，普及 [U] （P87）This programme began in 2003 and has grown in popularity. 36. chemistry n. 化学 （P87）Yang Yu, a student from a university in Nanjing, taught Chemistry at a high school in a small town in Qinghai Province. ☑ 词形变化 n. chemistry--- n./adj --- n. (化学家；药剂师) 37. north-western adj. 西北的，西北方向的 （P87）North-western China 38. north-eastern adj. 东北的，东北方向的 （P87）North-eastern China 39. suffer vi. 受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受 suffer from 患...病，遭受 （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ☑ 词形变化 v. suffer--- n. (患病者；受苦者) --- n. (疼痛；痛苦) ✎ suffer ... 去年村子遭了一场大洪水。 The village last year. ✎ suffer from ... 如今越来越多的年轻人正遭受睡眠问题的困扰。 More and more young people these days. ☑ 动词填空 He terribly in the last few days. (suffer) His school work because of family problems this term. 40. blood n. 血，血液 [U] （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ☑ 词形变化 n. blood--- v. --- pt. --- pp. ✎ 地震发生后，许多人前来献血。 Many people came to after the earthquake. 41. disease n. 病，疾病 [U/C] （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ✎ 餐前洗手是一种预防疾病的简易方法。 Washing hands before meals is . 42. *operation n. 手术 [C] （P89）His parents do not have enough money for an expensive operation. ☑ 词形变化 n. operation--- v. ☑ 熟词生义 The system has been in operation for six months. 43. absent adj. 缺席，不在 （P90）Xiao Wei is suffering from a serious disease and has been absent from school since last month. ☑ 词形变化 adj. absent--- n. ---opp. 他已经缺勤两周了。 He for two weeks. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 8B Unit 6 Sunshine for all 1. blind adj. 瞎的，失明的 （P79）a blind person ☑ 词形变化 adj. blind --- adv. (摸黑地，盲目地) --- n. blindly; blindness ☑ 动词填空 The blind (be) often equipped with s sharper sense of hearing. are ☑ 词汇运用 The baby was born .(瞎的) blind 2. deaf adj. 聋的 （P79）deaf people 3. *disabled adj. 有残疾的 （P79）a disabled person 4. *elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 （P79）an elderly person ✎ elderly, elder与older 单词 词性 词义 例句 elderly 形容词 委婉表示“上了年纪的” （old较为客观，生硬） an elderly couple elder 形容词/名词 家族长幼顺序；长者 my elder sister (my younger sister) the elder of their two sons older 形容词 old的比较级形式 She's much older than me. Older cars are heavy on gas. 5. *disability n. (某种) 缺陷，障碍 [C.] （P79）What about people with disabilities? 6. service n. 服务 [C./U.] （P79）Most government provide different kinds of services to help them live a full life. ☑ 词形变化 n. service --- v. serve ☑ 词汇运用 The restaurant is famous for its good . (服务) The hotel offers a wealth of , including a spa, a gym, and 24-hour room . (服务) service; services, service ☑ 动词填空 Mr. Wang as the headmaster of our school for ten years. (serve) Breakfast between 7:00 and 9:00 every morning in this hotel. (serve) has served; is served 7. donate vt.&vi. 捐赠；捐献 （P79）They usually do so by donating money. ☑ 词形变化 v. donate--- n. (捐赠，捐赠物) --- n. (捐赠者) donation; donor ✎ donate...to... 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。 He charity. He donated thousands of pounds to charity. ☑ 动词填空 All the clothes (donate) to the earthquake victims yesterday. There is a box of food (donate) by a local supermarket on the table. were donated; donated 8. expect vt. 预料，预期；期待 （P80）...,did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. ✎ expect (sb.) to do sth. 不要指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。 You can't expect a few months. You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months. 我没料到他会成为一个成功的作家。 I didn't expect . I didn't expect him to become a successful writer. ✎ expect+that从句 预计有一千多名运动员参加运动会。 It is expected that . It is expected that more than 1000 athletes will take part in the sports meeting. ☑ 动词填空 The exam is much more difficult than we (expect). --- Did you see Mary at the party? --- No, we (expect) her to come, but she didn’t show up. Visitors (expect) to take off their shoes before entering the temple. Who do you expect (win) the singing competition ? expected; were expecting; are expected; will win 9. athlete n. 运动员 [C.] （P80）The Paralympic Winter Games give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. 10. confidence n. 自信心；信心 （P80）The Paralympic Winter Games give athletes with different kinds of disabilities a chance to show their confidence and skills to the world. ✎ have confidence in .... = be confident of/about .... 她相信她学生的能力。 She . She has confidence in her students' abilities. ☑ 词汇运用 The shy girl spoke (confident) in front of the whole class, which surprised everyone. Although she was nervous inside, she tried to look (自信) on stage. You need to show more (confident) in yourself if you want to succeed. confidently; confident; confidence 11. require vt. 需要，依靠 （P80）This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers. ✎ require sb. to do sth. 这些规定要求雇主们提供安全方面的训练。 The rules require employers . The rules require employers to provide safety training. ✎ require doing = require to be done 需要洗车了。 The car requires . The car requires washing. ☑ 动词填空 Visitors are required (show) their ID cards at the entrance. * The law requires that everyone (wear) a seat belt. to show; (should) wear 12. spare adj. 空闲的，空余的 （P80）It is very nice of them to give up their spare time to help at the event. ☑ 熟词生义 I'm afraid I haven't got any spare cash. 恐怕我手头没有多余的现金。（不用的，闲置的） Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.多带几件衣服，以备身上弄湿了好穿。（备用的） We can only spare one room for you. 我们只能给你腾出一个房间。（抽出；拨出；留出；匀出） 13. receive vt. 受到；接到 （P80）They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes. ✎ 我们期待尽快收到你的来信。 We are looking forward to soon. We are looking forward to receiving a letter from you soon. / hearing from you soon. 14. necessary adj. 必需的，必要的 （P80）They received the necessary training so that they could provide help and protection for these amazing athletes. 15. wheelchair n. 轮椅 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. 16. remind vt. 提醒 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. ✎ remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 请提醒我按时吃药。 Please remind me . Please remind me to take the medicine on time. ✎ remind sb of sth. 使某人想起某事 这些老照片让她想起了快乐的童年。 The old photos happy childhood. The old photos reminded her of her happy childhood. 17. seat belt n. (汽车或飞机上的)安全带 （P81）His main job was to help athletes in wheelchairs get on and off the bus and remind them to put their seat belts on. 18. medal n. 奖牌，勋章 [C.] （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 19. gold n. 金牌；金 （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. ☑ 词汇运用 He won three (gold) and a bronze. The ring is not made of real .(gold) golds; golden, gold 20. silver n. 银牌；银 （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 21. competition n. 比赛；竞争 [C] （P81）It seemed to them that the most important thing was not to win a medal, gold or silver, but to take part in the competition. 22. background n. 出身背景；背景 （P81）Athletes and volunteers from different backgrounds feel like part of one big family. ✎ *against a background of... The mountain looks grey against a background of white clouds. 在白云的映衬下，山看起来是灰色的。 The love story unfolds against a background of civil war. 这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。 23. ability n. 才能，本领；能力 [C] （P81）The athletes do their best to show their abilities through sport, while the warm-hearted volunteers are ready to offer them support and help make the event a great success. ☑ 词形变化 n. ability--- n. (残疾，障碍) --- adj. --- v. (使能够) disability (opp. inability无能) ; able; enable (enable sb to do) ✎ the ability to do sth. 她有与人良好沟通的能力。 She has the ability . She has the ability to communicate well with others. 24. warm-hearted adj. 善良诚恳的 （P81）The athletes do their best to show their abilities through sport, while the warm-hearted volunteers are ready to offer them support and help make the event a great success. 25. courage n. 勇气 [U] （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ have the courage to do sth. 真正的成功属于那些有勇气从错误中吸取教训的人。 True success belongs to those who . True success belongs to those who have the courage to learn from their mistakes. 26. achieve vt. 达到(目标等)；完成 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ 常见的宾语搭配 achieve success achieve a goal/dream achieve a balance between ... and ... achieve high grades/marks 27. greatly adv. 非常，很 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. 28. influence vt.&n. 影响 （P81）Their courage to achieve their goals, their love for life and their spirit of never giving up have greatly influenced me. ✎ have an influence on .... (= make a difference to...) 对...有影响 那些朋友对她有负面的影响。 Those friends are . Those friends are having a bad influence on her. ✎ under the influence of... 在...的影响下 在音乐老师的影响下，他爱上了钢琴。 , the boy fell in love with the piano. Under the influence of his music teacher, the boy fell in love with the piano. ☑ 词汇运用 The sudden storm seriously (influence) our travel plans, and we had to cancel the trip. The boy was strongly (influence) by his grandfather, who taught him to be honest and kind. influenced; influenced 29. compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 （P83）I could not believe it when I was chosen to compete in the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games ☑ 词形变化 v. compete--- n. (竞赛) --- n. (竞争者) --- adj. (有竞争力的，竞争激烈的) competition; competitor; competitive ✎ compete with/against sb. for sth. in ... 世界各地数以千计的运动员在奥运会上为争夺金牌而奋力拼搏。 the Olympics. Thousands of athletes around the world compete for the gold medal in the Olympics. 30. smoothly adv. 顺利地；平滑地 （P83）To make sure everything runs smoothly, ... ✎ go smoothly 进展顺利（动副短语） 面试一开始不太顺利，但她后来平静下来了。 The interview at first, but she calmed down later. The interview didn’t go smoothly at first, but she calmed down later. 31. voluntary adj. 义务性的；自愿的 （P84）Right now, I am doing some voluntary work at a school for blind children. ☑ 词形变化 adj. voluntary--- adv. --- n. --- v. voluntarily; volunteer; volunteer ✎ 我相信志愿服务不仅对他人有帮助，而且对我们自己也很有意义。 I believe that . I believe that voluntary services are not only helpful to others but also meaningful to ourselves. ✎ 假期里她去了一个偏远的村庄担任志愿护士。 She in a faraway village during her holiday. She served as a volunteer nurse in a faraway village during her holiday. ☑ 词汇运用 He doesn’t get paid for his work; it’s completely (volunteer). When the teacher asked for help, Tom raise his hand (volunteer). She (volunteer) to read stories to the sick children in hospital last summer. voluntary; voluntarily; volunteered 32. cross vt.&vi. 穿越，横过 （P84）It’s good to help blind people cross the road. ☑句型转换 It’s good to help blind people cross the road. It’s good to help blind people . go across the road ☑ 动词填空 The little boy held his mother’s hand tightly while (cross) the busy street. She (cross) her arms and waited. They spent three months travelling (across/through) China from east to west. crossing; crossed; across ☑熟词生义 I was cross with him for being late.我因他迟到而十分生气。 33. charity n. 慈善机构(或组织) [C] （P84）It’s helpful to donate money to charities. 34. western adj. 西部的；西方国家的 （P87）It asks college students to volunteer in China’s western areas. ☑ 词汇运用 Silk Road connected the eastern world with countries, and many travelers’ stories were later turned into exciting (west). western, westerns 35. *popularity n. 受欢迎，普及 [U] （P87）This programme began in 2003 and has grown in popularity. 36. chemistry n. 化学 （P87）Yang Yu, a student from a university in Nanjing, taught Chemistry at a high school in a small town in Qinghai Province. ☑ 词形变化 n. chemistry--- n./adj --- n. (化学家；药剂师) chemical (化学的；化学制品) 37. north-western adj. 西北的，西北方向的 （P87）North-western China 38. north-eastern adj. 东北的，东北方向的 （P87）North-eastern China 39. suffer vi. 受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受 suffer from 患...病，遭受 （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ☑ 词形变化 v. suffer--- n. (患病者；受苦者) --- n. (疼痛；痛苦) sufferer; suffering ✎ suffer sth. 强调经历某个具体事件（短暂或突发） 去年村子遭了一场大洪水。 The village last year. The village suffered a terrible flood last year. ✎ suffer from ... 强调长期承受某种状态（持续存在） 如今越来越多的年轻人正遭受睡眠问题的困扰。 More and more young people these days. More and more young people are suffering from sleep problems these days. ☑ 动词填空 He terribly in the last few days. (suffer) His school work because of family problems this term. has suffered; is suffering 40. blood n. 血，血液 [U] （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ☑ 词形变化 n. blood--- v. --- pt. --- pp. bleed; bled; bled ✎ 地震发生后，许多人前来献血。 Many people came to after the earthquake. Many people came to donate blood after the earthquake. 41. disease n. 病，疾病 [U/C] （P89）He suffers from a serious blood disease. ✎ 餐前洗手是一种预防疾病的简易方法。 Washing hands before meals is . Washing hands before meals is a simple way to prevent disease. 42. *operation n. 手术 [C] （P89）His parents do not have enough money for an expensive operation. ☑ 词形变化 n. operation--- v. operate ☑ 熟词生义 The system has been in operation for six months.这个系统已经运行六个月了。（操作，运行） 43. absent adj. 缺席，不在 （P90）Xiao Wei is suffering from a serious disease and has been absent from school since last month. ☑ 词形变化 adj. absent--- n. ---opp. absence; present 他已经缺勤两周了。 He for two weeks. He has been absent from work for two weeks. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $