Unit 4 My friends 一般过去时【2】-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2025-2026学年冀教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语学习任务单以冀教版Unit 4“My friends”为主题，聚焦一般过去时不规则动词变化核心考点，整体目标是帮助学生掌握时态定义、动词变形、句式结构及应用。通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，搭配朋友主题典型例句与正误对比，构建从基础到应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于以“朋友主题过去经历”为主线，整合单句语法填空、完成句子及任务型阅读等多样化练习，如描述“与朋友交友、送礼物、一起活动”等场景，强化语言能力。同时通过不规则动词分类记忆（be动词类、常用动作类、不变类）和高频易错点（否定疑问还原原形等）对比分析，培养思维品质与学习能力，为学生分层巩固和教师单元复习提供系统支撑。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 My friends（新教材冀教版） （一般过去时【2】） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表聚焦一般过去时不规则动词变化核心考点，梳理时态定义、动词变形、句式结构及高频易错点，搭配朋友主题典型例句与正误对比，强化过去动作 / 状态的表达应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心基础 1. 定义 ① 表人 / 事物过去的特征、状态；② 表过去发生的具体完成动作（与现在无关） ① I was short when I was a kid.（过去状态，正确） ② We played together last weekend.（过去动作，正确） 错误：I am short when I was a kid.（时态矛盾，修正：was） 2. 时间标志词 高频核心：yesterday、last night、the other day、some years ago 等 ① She called me the other day.（正确） ② They met some years ago.（正确） 错误：We go to the park yesterday.（时态错误，修正：went） 二、动词过去式构成（核心：强化不规则变化） 1. 规则变化（复习巩固） ① 一般情况：加 - ed（want→wanted、play→played） ② 不发音 e 结尾：加 - d（hope→hoped、live→lived） ③ 辅音 + y 结尾：改 y 为 i 加 - ed（study→studied、cry→cried） ④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 - ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned） ① study→studied（正确） ② stop→stopped（正确） 错误：plan→planed（修正：planned） 2. 不规则变化（高频必记，分三类） ① be 动词类：am/is→was、are→were ② 常用动作类：go→went、do→did、eat→ate、swim→swam、buy→bought、see→saw、win→won 等 ③ 特殊不变类：put→put、cut→cut、hurt→hurt、cost→cost ① go→went（正确）、buy→bought（正确） ② put→put（正确）、hurt→hurt（正确） 错误：go→goed（修正：went）、eat→eated（修正：ate） 三、核心句式结构（延续基础，适配不规则动词） 1. 含 be 动词（was/were） ① 肯定：主语 + was/were + 其他 ② 否定：主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 ③ 一般疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？（回答：Yes/No + 主语 + was/were/wasn't/weren't） ① He was my deskmate last term.（正确） ② They weren't at school yesterday.（正确） ③ —Were you late? —Yes, I was.（正确） 2. 含实义动词（规则 / 不规则） ① 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式（规则 / 不规则）+ 其他 ② 否定：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 ③ 一般疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（回答：Yes/No + 主语 + did/didn't） ① I saw him in the park.（不规则，正确） ② She didn't go to the party.（否定还原原形，正确） ③ —Did you win the game? —Yes, I did.（正确） 错误：He didn't went there.（未还原原形，修正：go） 四、高频场景应用 朋友主题专属 描述与朋友相关的过去经历：交友、一起活动、旅行、共同经历等 ① We made friends last year.（交友，正确） ② He bought me a gift on my birthday.（送礼物，正确） ③ We swam in the lake together the other day.（一起活动，正确） 五、关键易错点（本单元重点） 1. 不规则动词混淆 易混词形记混，如 fall→fell/feel→felt、lie→lied/lay、break→broke/bring→brought 错误：I feel off the bike.（修正：fell）、He break the glass.（修正：broke） 2. 过去时无三单变化 主语为三单时，动词过去式无需加 s/es，规则 / 不规则均不变 正确：He went to school early.（正确） 错误：He goes to school early yesterday.（修正：went） 3. 否定 / 疑问未还原原形 借助 didn't/did 构成否定 / 疑问时，实义动词必须还原为原形（无论规则 / 不规则） 错误：Did she saw the movie?（修正：see）、They didn't found the key.（修正：find） 4. be 动词与实义动词混用 肯定句中不可同时用 was/were 和动词过去式，需二选一 错误：I was played basketball yesterday.（修正：I played basketball yesterday.） 使用注意事项 1. 本单元核心为不规则动词过去式，需分类熟记（be 动词类、常用动作类、不变类），重点攻克易混词（如 fell/felt、lied/lay）。 2. 过去时无三单变化，无论主语是 I/he/she/they，动词过去式形式保持一致，避免加 s/es。 3. 只要借助 did/didn't 构成否定句 / 疑问句，所有实义动词必须还原原形，这是高频丢分点，需严格遵守。 4. 描述朋友相关过去经历时，优先匹配本单元高频不规则动词（make friends→made、buy→bought、go→went、see→saw 等），提升场景适配性。 一、单句语法填空（共 15 题） 1. I ________ (make) a new friend in my class last term. 答案：made 解析：句意：上学期我在班里交了一位新朋友。last term 是过去时间，make 的过去式为不规则变化 made。 2. She ________ (go) to the cinema with her best friend yesterday evening. 答案：went 解析：句意：她昨晚和最好的朋友去看电影了。yesterday evening 表过去，go 的过去式是不规则变化 went。 3. They ________ (not see) each other for a long time until last week. 答案：didn’t see 解析：句意：直到上周他们才很久没见。last week 表过去，否定句用 didn’t 加动词原形 see。 4. ________ you ________ (buy) anything special for your friend’s birthday? 答案：Did; buy 解析：句意：你给朋友的生日买过什么特别的东西吗？过去时疑问句用 Did 开头，动词用原形。 5. My brother ________ (swim) in the pool with his classmate the day before yesterday. 答案：swam 解析：句意：我弟弟前天和同学在游泳池游泳。the day before yesterday 表过去，swim 过去式是 swam。 6. We ________ (have) a great time at the party last night. 答案：had 解析：句意：昨晚我们在派对上玩得很开心。last night 表过去，have 的过去式是不规则变化 had。 7. Lucy ________ (win) the first prize in the English competition last month. 答案：won 解析：句意：露西上个月在英语比赛中得了一等奖。last month 表过去，win 过去式是不规则变化 won。 8. He ________ (put) his book on the desk and went out to play. 答案：put 解析：句意：他把书放在桌子上就出去玩了。put 过去式同形，仍是 put，属于不规则不变类。 9. My mother ________ (feel) very tired after a long walk with her friend yesterday. 答案：felt 解析：句意：昨天妈妈和朋友走了很远后感到很累。feel 的过去式是不规则变化 felt，易与 fall 混淆。 10. The little girl ________ (hurt) her leg when she played with her friend last week. 答案：hurt 解析：句意：小女孩上周和朋友玩时弄伤了腿。hurt 过去式不变，仍是 hurt，属于特殊不变类。 11. ________ he ________ (do) his homework with his deskmate yesterday? 答案：Did; do 解析：句意：他昨天和同桌一起写作业了吗？过去时一般疑问句用 Did 开头，后面动词用原形。 12. I ________ (eat) an apple and some bread for breakfast with my friend this morning. 答案：ate 解析：句意：今天早上我和朋友早餐吃了一个苹果和一些面包。eat 的过去式是不规则变化 ate。 13. They ________ (be) good friends when they were in primary school. 答案：were 解析：句意：他们上小学时就是好朋友。主语是复数，过去时 be 动词用 were。 14. She ________ (not go) to the park because it rained heavily yesterday. 答案：didn’t go 解析：句意：因为昨天下大雨，她没去公园。过去时否定句用 didn’t 加动词原形 go。 15. We ________ (meet) our old friend on the street three days ago. 答案：met 解析：句意：三天前我们在街上遇到了老朋友。three days ago 表过去，meet 过去式是不规则变化 met。 二、完成句子填空（共 15 题） 1. 去年我和汤姆成为了好朋友。 I ________ good friends ________ Tom last year. 答案：made; with 解析：句意：去年我和汤姆成为好朋友。make good friends 是固定搭配，make 过去式为 made。 2. 昨天我没有见到我的老朋友。 I ________ ________ my old friend yesterday. 答案：didn’t see 解析：句意：昨天我没见到老朋友。过去时否定句用 didn’t 加动词原形 see。 3. 上周六他们去公园放风筝了。 They ________ to the park and ________ kites last Saturday. 答案：went; flew 解析：句意：上周六他们去公园放风筝。go 和 fly 均为不规则变化，过去式分别是 went 和 flew。 4. 你昨天给你的朋友买礼物了吗？ ________ you ________ a gift for your friend yesterday? 答案：Did; buy 解析：句意：昨天你给朋友买礼物了吗？过去时疑问句用 Did 开头，后面动词用原形 buy。 5. 他上周在比赛中赢了我。 He ________ ________ in the game last week. 答案：beat me 解析：句意：他上周在比赛中赢了我。beat 过去式不变，仍为 beat，后接人表示 “打败某人”。 6. 三年前他们住在这个小镇。 They ________ in this small town three years ________. 答案：lived; ago 解析：句意：三年前他们住在这个小镇。three years ago 是过去时间，live 过去式为 lived。 7. 我妈妈昨天感觉不太好。 My mother ________ very well yesterday. 答案：didn’t feel 解析：句意：妈妈昨天感觉不太好。过去时否定句用 didn’t 加动词原形 feel。 8. 昨晚我们在派对上玩得非常开心。 We ________ a great time at the party last ________. 答案：had; night 解析：句意：昨晚派对我们玩得很开心。have a great time 固定搭配，have 过去式是 had。 9. 她前天和同学一起去游泳了。 She ________ with her classmates the day ________ yesterday. 答案：swam; before 解析：句意：她前天和同学去游泳。swim 过去式为不规则变化 swam。 10. 我昨天从自行车上摔下来了。 I ________ ________ my bike yesterday. 答案：fell off 解析：句意：我昨天从自行车上摔下来。fall off 表示 “摔下”，fall 过去式是不规则变化 fell。 11. 他们十年前认识彼此。 They ________ each other ten years ________. 答案：knew; ago 解析：句意：他们十年前认识彼此。know 过去式是不规则变化 knew。 12. 昨天教室里有很多学生。 There ________ many students in the classroom yesterday. 答案：were 解析：句意：昨天教室里有很多学生。students 是复数，过去时 be 动词用 were。 13. 他昨天没有和我一起去图书馆。 He ________ ________ to the library with me yesterday. 答案：didn’t go 解析：句意：他昨天没和我去图书馆。过去时否定句用 didn’t 加动词原形 go。 14. 我上周收到了朋友的来信。 I ________ a letter from my friend last ________. 答案：got; week 解析：句意：我上周收到朋友来信。get 过去式是不规则变化 got。 15. 她昨天把她的新钢笔给我看了。 She ________ me her new pen yesterday. 答案：showed 解析：句意：她昨天给我看了她的新钢笔。show 过去式为规则变化 showed。 任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按要求答题。 On a mountain road (山路) in Manjiang, Guangxi, you can meet 12 students every week. These students are from 7 to 12 years old. They walk to their school. The school is far from their homes. They need to walk for about one hour to get to school. Deng Aifen, one of the students, says, “We can take a bus, but it costs (花费) 10 yuan. So we walk.” On Friday afternoon, they go home on foot. On schooldays, they live in the school. At 4: 00 p. m., there is a reading class for them. After the class, some students go to the library and some play football. “We’re happy at school,” a boy says. “We have nice dinner here. And we can learn a lot. I want to be a teacher.” For these students, the road to school is long. But they go to school every week to learn and to see a great world (世界) from books. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1．The 12 students go to school . 2．It takes these students to get to school. 3．When do these students go home? 4．What do these students do after the reading class? 5．Do you want to be a teacher? Why or why not? 【答案】1．on foot 2．about one hour 3．On Friday afternoon. 4．Some students go to the library and some play football. 5． Yes, I do. Because I like children and I can get well with them.（答案合理即可） 【导语】本文主要讲述了广西满江有12个学生走路去上学，学校离家很远，他们需要走1个小时左右到达学校，他们可以乘坐公交车，但是车费太贵了。他们平常住在学校，在学校他们感到很开心。 1．根据“They walk to their school”可知，他们走路去上学，故填on foot。 2．根据“They need to walk for about one hour to get to school.”可知，要花费大概1个小时到达学校，故填about one hour。 3．根据“On Friday afternoon, they go home on foot”可知，在星期五下午，他们走路回家，故填On Friday afternoon. 4．根据“After the class, some students go to the library and some play football”可知，阅读课下课后，一些学生去图书馆，一些踢足球，故填Some students go to the library and some play football. 5．开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为Yes, I do. Because I like children and I can get well with them. Passage 2 Exams are important to students, but some schools give their students too many exams. Study takes too much of their time and many students don’t have time to relax or exercise. It’s not good for their health. So China makes some rules for schools. The rules can help students have a happy and healthy life. Under the rules, students of the first grade and the second grade don’t need to take written exams. Students in grades three to six only have the exams at the end of a term. Students like the rules. Many parents think the rules are good, too. Their children now have a lot of time to play sports or join the clubs. There are many other rules for schools. For example, teachers can’t give homework to children in Grade One. Schools have after-school classes and students can finish their homework at school. China wants these rules to do good to the children. What do you think of the rules? 1题完成句子，2 — 3题简略回答问题，4题找出并写下第三段主题句，5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1. Study takes too much of students’ time and many students don’t have much time to . 2. What does China do to help students have a happy and healthy life? 3. When do students in grades three to six have the exams? 4. 5. 【答案】1. relax or exercise 2. Make some rules for school. 3. At the end of a term. 4. There are many other rules for schools. 5. 现在他们的孩子有很多时间去做运动或参加俱乐部。 【导语】本文介绍了中国的减负政策以及好处。 1. 根据“Study takes too much of their time and many students don’t have time to relax or exercise.”可知，学习占用了他们太多的时间，许多学生没有时间放松或锻炼。故填relax or exercise。 2. 根据“So China makes some rules for schools. The rules can help students have a happy and healthy life.”可知，中国为学校制定了一些规则，这些规则可以帮助学生有一个快乐和健康的生活，故填Make some rules for school. 3. 根据“Students in grades three to six only have the exams at the end of a term.”可知，三年级到六年级的学生只在期末考试，故填At the end of a term. 4. 根据“There are many other rules for schools. For example, teachers can’t give homework to children in Grade One. Schools have after-school classes and students can finish their homework at school.”可知，此处是介绍一些其他的规则，并举例说明，所以主题句是There are many other rules for schools.，故填There are many other rules for schools. 5. Their children他们的孩子，now现在；have有，a lot of time很多时间，to play sports做运动，or或者，join the clubs加入俱乐部，故填：现在他们的孩子有很多时间去做运动或参加俱乐部。 Passage 3 I am Anna. I study in Beijing International (国际的) School now. There are fifty-four students in my class. Only six students go to school on foot. Sometimes they feel tired to walk to school, but it is good for health. Li Xiang says it usually takes him about fifteen minutes to walk to school. Eighteen students go to school by bike. Some of them think it is faster to ride bikes than to take buses in the morning and evening. They also think riding bikes is good for them. Twenty-two students take buses or the subway to school. Most of them have to take more than one bus to get to school, so they must get up early every day. And other students go to school by car. Their parents drive them to school first, and then go to work. Do you know how I get to school? I’m one of the eighteen people. 1. In Anna’s class, only six students go to school . 2. Some students think it is faster to than to take buses in the morning and evening. 3. How long does it take Li Xiang to get to school on foot? 4. How does Anna get to school? 5. Do you like walking to school? Why or why not? 【答案】1. on foot 2. ride bikes 3. Fifteen minutes. 4. By bike. 5. Yes, I do. Because it is good for my health. 【导语】本文主要是安娜介绍班级同学上学的不同交通方式。 1. 根据“Only six students go to school on foot.”可知，在安娜的班上，只有六名学生步行上学。故填on foot。 2. 根据“Some of them think it is faster to ride bikes than to take buses in the morning and evening.”可知，他们中的一些人认为早晚骑自行车比坐公共汽车快。故填ride bikes。 3. 根据“Li Xiang says it usually takes him about fifteen minutes to walk to school.”可知，李翔走路去学校通常要十五分钟左右。故填Fifteen minutes. 4. 根据“Eighteen students go to school by bike.”以及“I’m one of the eighteen people.”可知，安娜骑自行车去上学。故填By bike. 5. 开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案：Yes, I do. Because it is good for my health. Passage 4 阅读短文，并按要求完成下面小题。1—2 题完成句子，3—5 题简略回答问题。 Many people drive their cars to work now. So there are lots of cars in the streets. Sometimes, it’s not easy for you to get to work on time. Then you want to take a plane to work. Can your dream come true? Yes! Four people in Germany (德国) make a new plane—the Lilium Jet. It doesn’t look like a plane but an egg. Many people think it looks funny. The nice “egg” can take two people and “run” about three hundred kilometers an hour. The Lilium Jet is not very big, as small as a car. So it doesn’t need an airport (机场). A small area is OK. It can even take off (起飞) from a garden. Some people also call the Lilium Jet “a flying car”. It’s not difficult for you to learn to drive it. You can drive it like driving a car. Then is it safe (安全的) to drive the “flying car”? Of course yes! “It’s really cool to see the Lilium Jet fly to the sky. Everyone should have a try,” says one of the makers. Maybe you can buy one next year if you like it. I’m sure your trip to work will be great. 1. There are in the streets, because many people drive their cars to work. 2. The new plane—the Lilium Jet doesn’t look like a plane but . 3. How many people can the new plane take? 4. What do some people also call the Lilium Jet? 5. Are you interested the plane? What do you think of it? 【答案】1. lots of cars 2. an egg 3. The nice “egg” can take two people./Two people./Two. 4. Some people also call the Lilium Jet “a flying car”./A flying car. 5. Yes, I am. I think it’s safe/interesting./No, I am not. I think it’s boring. 【导语】本文主要介绍了德国的四个人制造了一架新飞机，它看起来不像飞机，而是一个鸡蛋。 1. 根据“So there are lots of cars in the streets.”可知，街上有很多车。故填lots of cars。 2. 根据“It doesn’t look like a plane but an egg”可知，它不像飞机，但是像一个鸡蛋。故填an egg。 3. 根据“The nice ‘egg’ can take two people”可知，它可以带两个人。故填The nice “egg” can take two people./Two people./Two. 4. 根据“Some people also call the Lilium Jet ‘a flying car’”可知，有些人还称Lilium Jet为“飞行汽车”。故填Some people also call the Lilium Jet “a flying car”./A flying car. 5. 开放性作答，言之有理即可。故填Yes, I am. I think it’s safe/interesting./No, I am not. I think it’s boring. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 Paris is the capital of France. Its subway is also very special. You can enjoy its culture when you are in this city. First you can see many people reading books in the subway. When they are in the subway or at the station, there is always a book in the hand. The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. Some stations look like shops. Some stations have clothes, caps and shoes. And every station has a big advertisement (广告) picture. But many of them are for selling clothes and cosmetics (化妆品). You can meet some beggars (乞丐) in the subway. But the beggars in the Paris subway are also very special. They often play the violin or guitar in the subway. They don’t feel shy at all. They think it is natural. After playing, they will go around the subway and ask you to give them some money. If you want to learn more about Paris, you can go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself. 1、2题完成句子；3～5题简略回答问题。 1. People usually when they are in the subway. 2. In Paris, the subway station is . 3. What can you buy in some subway stations? 4. How do the beggars feel in the subway? 5. Do you like the subway in Paris? Why or why not? 【答案】1. read books 2. small/not big 3. Clothes, caps and shoes. 4. They don’t feel shy at all. 5. Yes. Because I can experience the culture of Paris. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了法国的首都巴黎的地铁文化。在巴黎人们在乘坐地铁时经常读书。巴黎的地铁就像一个商场，卖各种商品。巴黎地铁的乞丐也与众不同。 1. 根据第一段“First you can see many people reading books in the subway.”可知，在巴黎，很多人都在乘地铁时读书。故填read books。 2. 根据第二段“The subway station in Paris is not big”可知，巴黎的地铁站不大。故填small/not big。 3. 根据第二段“Some stations look like shops. Some stations have clothes, caps and shoes.”可知，巴黎的地铁站有些看起来像商店，有卖衣帽和鞋子的。故填Clothes, caps and shoes. 4. 根据第三段“They don’t feel shy at all.”可知，巴黎地铁站的乞丐们一点儿都不觉得羞愧。故填They don’t feel shy at all. 5. 开放性题型，合理即可。参考答案为Yes. Because I can experience the culture of Paris. Passage 6 阅读短文，并按要求完成下面小题。 Summer camps are popular around the world. Young people usually go to these camps in their summer holiday. The camps are usually in the open air. They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. The campers usually sleep outside in tents (帐篷) or in wooden houses. Summer camps make everyone healthy, because there are lots of outdoor activities. You can go riding or boating. You can go biking or climbing. After a day of fun and exciting activities, campers eat a nice dinner together. In the evening, everybody gets together to play games, sing songs and tell stories, usually around a campfire. Campers can learn about nature and lots of useful skills, like how to work well with others. A summer camp is a great place to spend time with your friends, family and to make lots of new friends! But some parents don’t like summer camps because they think it’s a little dangerous (危险的) for the children to stay out all night. It makes them worry about their children. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1. Summer camps are usually . They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. 2. A summer camp is to spend time with your friends, family and to make lots of new friends! 3. Why can summer camps make everyone healthy? 4. What can campers learn about if they take part in summer camps? 5. Do you like to take part in summer camps? Why or why not? 【答案】1. in the open air 2. a great place 3. Because there are lots of outdoor activities. 4. Nature and lots of useful skills (like how to work well with others). / They/Campers can learn about nature and lots of useful skills (like how to work well with others). 5. Yes. Because I can learn lots of useful skills./ No. Because it’s a little dangerous for the children to stay out all night. 【导语】本文主要介绍了夏令营的好处和一些父母对夏令营的担忧。 1. 根据“ The camps are usually in the open air.”可知，夏令营通常是露天的。故填in the open air。 2. 根据“A summer camp is a great place to spend time with your friends, family and to make lots of new friends!”可知，夏令营是一个与朋友、家人共度时光并结交许多新朋友的好地方。故填a great place。 3. 根据“Summer camps make everyone healthy, because there are lots of outdoor activities.”可知，在夏令营有很多户外活动，所以夏令营使人们健康。故填Because there are lots of outdoor activities. 4. 根据“Campers can learn about nature and lots of useful skills, like how to work well with others.”可知，露营者可以了解大自然并且能学到许多有用的技能。故填Nature and lots of useful skills (like how to work well with others). / They/Campers can learn about nature and lots of useful skills (like how to work well with others). 5. 开放性题目，答案合理即可，参考答案为Yes. Because I can learn lots of useful skills./ No. Because it’s a little dangerous for the children to stay out all night. 8 / 13乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 My friends（新教材冀教版） （一般过去时【2】） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表聚焦一般过去时不规则动词变化核心考点，梳理时态定义、动词变形、句式结构及高频易错点，搭配朋友主题典型例句与正误对比，强化过去动作 / 状态的表达应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、核心基础 1. 定义 ① 表人 / 事物过去的特征、状态；② 表过去发生的具体完成动作（与现在无关） ① I was short when I was a kid.（过去状态，正确） ② We played together last weekend.（过去动作，正确） 错误：I am short when I was a kid.（时态矛盾，修正：was） 2. 时间标志词 高频核心：yesterday、last night、the other day、some years ago 等 ① She called me the other day.（正确） ② They met some years ago.（正确） 错误：We go to the park yesterday.（时态错误，修正：went） 二、动词过去式构成（核心：强化不规则变化） 1. 规则变化（复习巩固） ① 一般情况：加 - ed（want→wanted、play→played） ② 不发音 e 结尾：加 - d（hope→hoped、live→lived） ③ 辅音 + y 结尾：改 y 为 i 加 - ed（study→studied、cry→cried） ④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 - ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned） ① study→studied（正确） ② stop→stopped（正确） 错误：plan→planed（修正：planned） 2. 不规则变化（高频必记，分三类） ① be 动词类：am/is→was、are→were ② 常用动作类：go→went、do→did、eat→ate、swim→swam、buy→bought、see→saw、win→won 等 ③ 特殊不变类：put→put、cut→cut、hurt→hurt、cost→cost ① go→went（正确）、buy→bought（正确） ② put→put（正确）、hurt→hurt（正确） 错误：go→goed（修正：went）、eat→eated（修正：ate） 三、核心句式结构（延续基础，适配不规则动词） 1. 含 be 动词（was/were） ① 肯定：主语 + was/were + 其他 ② 否定：主语 + wasn't/weren't + 其他 ③ 一般疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？（回答：Yes/No + 主语 + was/were/wasn't/weren't） ① He was my deskmate last term.（正确） ② They weren't at school yesterday.（正确） ③ —Were you late? —Yes, I was.（正确） 2. 含实义动词（规则 / 不规则） ① 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式（规则 / 不规则）+ 其他 ② 否定：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 ③ 一般疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（回答：Yes/No + 主语 + did/didn't） ① I saw him in the park.（不规则，正确） ② She didn't go to the party.（否定还原原形，正确） ③ —Did you win the game? —Yes, I did.（正确） 错误：He didn't went there.（未还原原形，修正：go） 四、高频场景应用 朋友主题专属 描述与朋友相关的过去经历：交友、一起活动、旅行、共同经历等 ① We made friends last year.（交友，正确） ② He bought me a gift on my birthday.（送礼物，正确） ③ We swam in the lake together the other day.（一起活动，正确） 五、关键易错点（本单元重点） 1. 不规则动词混淆 易混词形记混，如 fall→fell/feel→felt、lie→lied/lay、break→broke/bring→brought 错误：I feel off the bike.（修正：fell）、He break the glass.（修正：broke） 2. 过去时无三单变化 主语为三单时，动词过去式无需加 s/es，规则 / 不规则均不变 正确：He went to school early.（正确） 错误：He goes to school early yesterday.（修正：went） 3. 否定 / 疑问未还原原形 借助 didn't/did 构成否定 / 疑问时，实义动词必须还原为原形（无论规则 / 不规则） 错误：Did she saw the movie?（修正：see）、They didn't found the key.（修正：find） 4. be 动词与实义动词混用 肯定句中不可同时用 was/were 和动词过去式，需二选一 错误：I was played basketball yesterday.（修正：I played basketball yesterday.） 使用注意事项 1. 本单元核心为不规则动词过去式，需分类熟记（be 动词类、常用动作类、不变类），重点攻克易混词（如 fell/felt、lied/lay）。 2. 过去时无三单变化，无论主语是 I/he/she/they，动词过去式形式保持一致，避免加 s/es。 3. 只要借助 did/didn't 构成否定句 / 疑问句，所有实义动词必须还原原形，这是高频丢分点，需严格遵守。 4. 描述朋友相关过去经历时，优先匹配本单元高频不规则动词（make friends→made、buy→bought、go→went、see→saw 等），提升场景适配性。 一、单句语法填空（共 15 题） 1. I ________ (make) a new friend in my class last term. 2. She ________ (go) to the cinema with her best friend yesterday evening. 3. They ________ (not see) each other for a long time until last week. 4. ________ you ________ (buy) anything special for your friend’s birthday? 5. My brother ________ (swim) in the pool with his classmate the day before yesterday. 6. We ________ (have) a great time at the party last night. 7. Lucy ________ (win) the first prize in the English competition last month. 8. He ________ (put) his book on the desk and went out to play. 9. My mother ________ (feel) very tired after a long walk with her friend yesterday. 10. The little girl ________ (hurt) her leg when she played with her friend last week. 11. ________ he ________ (do) his homework with his deskmate yesterday? 12. I ________ (eat) an apple and some bread for breakfast with my friend this morning. 13. They ________ (be) good friends when they were in primary school. 14. She ________ (not go) to the park because it rained heavily yesterday. 15. We ________ (meet) our old friend on the street three days ago. 二、完成句子填空（共 15 题） 1. 去年我和汤姆成为了好朋友。 I ________ good friends ________ Tom last year. 2. 昨天我没有见到我的老朋友。 I ________ ________ my old friend yesterday. 3. 上周六他们去公园放风筝了。 They ________ to the park and ________ kites last Saturday. 4. 你昨天给你的朋友买礼物了吗？ ________ you ________ a gift for your friend yesterday? 5. 他上周在比赛中赢了我。 He ________ ________ in the game last week. 6. 三年前他们住在这个小镇。 They ________ in this small town three years ________. 7. 我妈妈昨天感觉不太好。 My mother ________ very well yesterday. 8. 昨晚我们在派对上玩得非常开心。 We ________ a great time at the party last ________. 9. 她前天和同学一起去游泳了。 She ________ with her classmates the day ________ yesterday. 10. 我昨天从自行车上摔下来了。 I ________ ________ my bike yesterday. 11. 他们十年前认识彼此。 They ________ each other ten years ________. 12. 昨天教室里有很多学生。 There ________ many students in the classroom yesterday. 13. 他昨天没有和我一起去图书馆。 He ________ ________ to the library with me yesterday. 14. 我上周收到了朋友的来信。 I ________ a letter from my friend last ________. 15. 她昨天把她的新钢笔给我看了。 She ________ me her new pen yesterday. 任务型阅读 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，按要求答题。 On a mountain road (山路) in Manjiang, Guangxi, you can meet 12 students every week. These students are from 7 to 12 years old. They walk to their school. The school is far from their homes. They need to walk for about one hour to get to school. Deng Aifen, one of the students, says, “We can take a bus, but it costs (花费) 10 yuan. So we walk.” On Friday afternoon, they go home on foot. On schooldays, they live in the school. At 4: 00 p. m., there is a reading class for them. After the class, some students go to the library and some play football. “We’re happy at school,” a boy says. “We have nice dinner here. And we can learn a lot. I want to be a teacher.” For these students, the road to school is long. But they go to school every week to learn and to see a great world (世界) from books. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1．The 12 students go to school . 2．It takes these students to get to school. 3．When do these students go home? 4．What do these students do after the reading class? 5．Do you want to be a teacher? Why or why not? Passage 2 Exams are important to students, but some schools give their students too many exams. Study takes too much of their time and many students don’t have time to relax or exercise. It’s not good for their health. So China makes some rules for schools. The rules can help students have a happy and healthy life. Under the rules, students of the first grade and the second grade don’t need to take written exams. Students in grades three to six only have the exams at the end of a term. Students like the rules. Many parents think the rules are good, too. Their children now have a lot of time to play sports or join the clubs. There are many other rules for schools. For example, teachers can’t give homework to children in Grade One. Schools have after-school classes and students can finish their homework at school. China wants these rules to do good to the children. What do you think of the rules? 1题完成句子，2 — 3题简略回答问题，4题找出并写下第三段主题句，5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 1. Study takes too much of students’ time and many students don’t have much time to . 2. What does China do to help students have a happy and healthy life? 3. When do students in grades three to six have the exams? 4. 5. Passage 3 I am Anna. I study in Beijing International (国际的) School now. There are fifty-four students in my class. Only six students go to school on foot. Sometimes they feel tired to walk to school, but it is good for health. Li Xiang says it usually takes him about fifteen minutes to walk to school. Eighteen students go to school by bike. Some of them think it is faster to ride bikes than to take buses in the morning and evening. They also think riding bikes is good for them. Twenty-two students take buses or the subway to school. Most of them have to take more than one bus to get to school, so they must get up early every day. And other students go to school by car. Their parents drive them to school first, and then go to work. Do you know how I get to school? I’m one of the eighteen people. 1. In Anna’s class, only six students go to school . 2. Some students think it is faster to than to take buses in the morning and evening. 3. How long does it take Li Xiang to get to school on foot? 4. How does Anna get to school? 5. Do you like walking to school? Why or why not? Passage 4 阅读短文，并按要求完成下面小题。1—2 题完成句子，3—5 题简略回答问题。 Many people drive their cars to work now. So there are lots of cars in the streets. Sometimes, it’s not easy for you to get to work on time. Then you want to take a plane to work. Can your dream come true? Yes! Four people in Germany (德国) make a new plane—the Lilium Jet. It doesn’t look like a plane but an egg. Many people think it looks funny. The nice “egg” can take two people and “run” about three hundred kilometers an hour. The Lilium Jet is not very big, as small as a car. So it doesn’t need an airport (机场). A small area is OK. It can even take off (起飞) from a garden. Some people also call the Lilium Jet “a flying car”. It’s not difficult for you to learn to drive it. You can drive it like driving a car. Then is it safe (安全的) to drive the “flying car”? Of course yes! “It’s really cool to see the Lilium Jet fly to the sky. Everyone should have a try,” says one of the makers. Maybe you can buy one next year if you like it. I’m sure your trip to work will be great. 1. There are in the streets, because many people drive their cars to work. 2. The new plane—the Lilium Jet doesn’t look like a plane but . 3. How many people can the new plane take? 4. What do some people also call the Lilium Jet? 5. Are you interested the plane? What do you think of it? Passage 5 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。 Paris is the capital of France. Its subway is also very special. You can enjoy its culture when you are in this city. First you can see many people reading books in the subway. When they are in the subway or at the station, there is always a book in the hand. The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. Some stations look like shops. Some stations have clothes, caps and shoes. And every station has a big advertisement (广告) picture. But many of them are for selling clothes and cosmetics (化妆品). You can meet some beggars (乞丐) in the subway. But the beggars in the Paris subway are also very special. They often play the violin or guitar in the subway. They don’t feel shy at all. They think it is natural. After playing, they will go around the subway and ask you to give them some money. If you want to learn more about Paris, you can go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself. 1、2题完成句子；3～5题简略回答问题。 1. People usually when they are in the subway. 2. In Paris, the subway station is . 3. What can you buy in some subway stations? 4. How do the beggars feel in the subway? 5. Do you like the subway in Paris? Why or why not? Passage 6 阅读短文，并按要求完成下面小题。 Summer camps are popular around the world. Young people usually go to these camps in their summer holiday. The camps are usually in the open air. They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. The campers usually sleep outside in tents (帐篷) or in wooden houses. Summer camps make everyone healthy, because there are lots of outdoor activities. You can go riding or boating. You can go biking or climbing. After a day of fun and exciting activities, campers eat a nice dinner together. In the evening, everybody gets together to play games, sing songs and tell stories, usually around a campfire. Campers can learn about nature and lots of useful skills, like how to work well with others. A summer camp is a great place to spend time with your friends, family and to make lots of new friends! But some parents don’t like summer camps because they think it’s a little dangerous (危险的) for the children to stay out all night. It makes them worry about their children. 1—2题完成句子；3—5题简略回答问题。 1. Summer camps are usually . They are often by forests, lakes, rivers or hills. 2. A summer camp is to spend time with your friends, family and to make lots of new friends! 3. Why can summer camps make everyone healthy? 4. What can campers learn about if they take part in summer camps? 5. Do you like to take part in summer camps? Why or why not? 9 / 9乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $