语法填空题不再瞎蒙--九大还原法全梳理 讲义-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

《语法填空九大还原法》是针对基础薄弱学生量身打造的。从定语从句、非谓语动词到名词性从句，从省略、疑问句到被动语态、介词、感叹句、强调句，九大核心题型全覆盖，每个方法都拆解出核心原理，帮你像剥洋葱一样层层破解语法难题，彻底告别凭感觉做题，实现分分必争、稳稳拿分，轻松开启语法填空的逆袭之路。 1． 定语从句还原法 核心原理1：基本形式 先行词+ 从句：限制性定语从句 （对先行词起修饰限定作用） 先行词，从句：非限制性定语从句（对先行词起补充说明作用） 先行词+其他，从句：分隔非限制性定语从句 （对先行词起补充作用） 核心原理2：基本定义 What kind of person he/ she is or what kind of thing it is. 核心原理3：一句话选择关系词（特殊情况除外） 把先行词还原到定语从句中，看它作什么成分 如果先行词还原到从句中作主、宾或表语，用关系代词；如果先行词还原到从句中作状语，用关系副词 关系代词用法 主 宾 表 定语 指人 that,who that, who, whom that, who, whom whose 指物 that,which that, which that, which whose 注意：(关系代词that不可以用在非限制性定语从句中） 关系副词用法 先行词是 在从句作的成分 where 地点 状语（把先行词还原到从句中，需加一个相应的介词，即介词+先行词在从句中作状语） when 时间 why The reason(s) 注意：what和how不可以引导定语从句 高考语法填空例句解析： 1. (2025年全国I卷） An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, __________originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 解析：这个句子是分隔非限制性定语从句，把先行词还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，先行词weiqi指物，所以用关系代词which来引导定语从句。 2. (2005年全国Ⅱ卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,________ Bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free range, and central heating doesn't exist. 解析：这个句子是分隔非限制性定语从句。当把先行词 the countryside 还原到从句当中，它需要加上一个介词，和 the countryside 一起在定语从句当中做状语，即Bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free range, and central heating doesn't exist in the countryside.所以用关系副词where 来引导定语从句。 3. (2025年浙江首考卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing ,________she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travelers, such as those headed to weddings abroad with a longer- term rental period. 解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句。当把先行词 less formal clothing 还原到定语从句当中，先行词在从句中作 package 的宾语，所以用 关系代词which 来引导定语从句。 4. (2024年新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a green, great achievement in contemporary design， to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route_________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 解析：当把指物的先行词 the Silk Route 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。 5. (2024年新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu,_______is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia”，add an international character to Stratford -upon -Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句。当把指人的先行词Tang Xianzu还原到定语从句当中，发现从句缺主语，所以用 关系代词who 来引导定语从句。 6. (2024年浙江首考卷）Of course, shops are not charities---they price goods in the way _______will make them the most money. 解析：这是一个限制性定语从句。当把指物的先行词 the way 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。 7. (2024年全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park--2.2 million acres, until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：这是一个分隔非限制性定语从句。当把指物的先行词 Wrangell-Saint Elias还原到定语从句当中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 which 来引导定语从句。 8. (2023年全国乙卷） But for all its Asian buildings, Beijing is also a place _______ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 解析：这是一个限制性定语从句。当把指物的先行词 a place 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。（注意此处不用where，使用一句话选关系词的办法---把先行词还原到定语从句中看它作什么成分） 9. (2023年全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 解析：这是一个分隔非限制性定语从句。当把先行词 a town 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺状语，所以用关系副词 where 来引导定语从句。把先行词 a town 加介词 in 还原到定语从句中：All life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings in a town. 10. (2022年新高考I卷）The Giant Panda National Park is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________live within the giant panda range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 解析：这是一个限制性定语从句。当把指物的先行词 all the species 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 that 来引导定语从句。（注意：当先行词被不定代词all修饰时只能用that引导定语从句） 11. (2022年全国甲卷）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man, Cao Shengkang, _______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 解析：这是一个分隔非限制性定语从句。当把先行词 the man 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 who 来引导定语从句。 12.(2021年新高考I卷） I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 解析：这是一个限制性定语从句。当把先行词 a company 还原到定语从句中，发现从句缺主语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。 总结（底层逻辑）： 如何选关系词----要把先行词还原到从句中，看它在从句中作什么成分，在从句中作主、宾、表或者定语用关系代词；在从句中作状语则用关系副词。 1.The way _____he explained to us was simple. 2.The park is the most beautiful place ____was built about 300 years ago. 3.He makes good use of time _____he can spare. 4.This is the reason_____ he explained. 答案： 1.解析：把指物的先行词the way还原到从句中，作explained的宾语，所以用that/which/省略来引导定语从句。 2. 解析：把指地点的先行词还原到从句中，在从句中作主语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，不可以填where 3. 解析：把先行词time还原到定语从句中，发现从句spare缺宾语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，不可以填when. 4. 解析：把the reason还原到定语从句中，发现从句explained缺宾语，所以用that/which引导定语从句，不可以填why. 如果以上4道题都会了，定语从句如何选关系词的底层逻辑也就掌握了。 2． 非谓语还原法（把非谓语 → 还原成从句） 核心原理一：非谓语动词的基本定义 不定式：表将来 现在分词：表主动，表进行，或只表主动 过去分词 表被动，表完成，或只表完成 动名词 相当于名词 进行式 表其行为在谓语动词所表示的行为发生时正在进行 完成式 表其行为发生在谓语动词所表示的行为之前 核心原理二：非谓语作定语、宾语补足语、状语的形式 1. 作定语 单个非谓语作前置定语+所修饰的名词 1) A sleeping baby is lying on the bed. 一个熟睡的婴儿躺在床上。 （sleeping 现在分词前置作定语） 所修饰的名词+非谓语短语作后置定语 2)This is a broken cup. 这是一个破了的杯子。 （broken 过去分词前置作定语） 2.作宾语补足语 主语+谓语+宾语+非谓语（宾语补足语） 1). I saw him crying in the corner. 我看见他正在角落里哭。（现在分词作宾补） 2). We found the room cleaned. 我们发现房间已经被打扫过了。（过去分词作宾补） 3) . My parents encouraged me to study hard. 我父母鼓励我努力学习。（不定式作宾补） 3.作状语 非谓语，句子 1). Hearing the bell, the students stopped talking. 听到铃声，学生们停止了讲话。 2). Faced with difficulties, we should keep calm. 面对困难，我们应该保持冷静。 句子，非谓语 1). He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上，看着报纸。 2). The teacher came in, followed by two students. 老师走了进来，后面跟着两个学生。 核心原理三：非谓语的逻辑主语到底在哪里 1. 非谓语的逻辑主语的基本原则 如果非谓语作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰词 如果非谓语作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语 如果非谓语作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 解析：seen在句子中作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语the city，表被动用过去分词 I found him tied to the tree. 解析：tied在句子中作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子中的宾语（him），他和绑之间表被动关系，所以用tied. The man talking to the headmaster is my father. 解析：talking to the headmaster这个分词短语在句中作定语，其逻辑主语是the man, the man is talking to the headmaster，表主动正在进行，所以用talking. 2. 下列短语是约定俗成的，没有必要考虑与句子的主语保持一致。 Judging from 根据…判断 Generally speaking Talking of 谈到，谈起 Considering 就 . . 而言，考虑到 Honestly speaking To tell you the truth Given 考虑到 3.一些固定句型 1)There is no need/use/harm/hurry/point +(in) doing sth. There is no use making an excuse for this. 2)It is no use/good doing It is no use arguing with them. It’s no good smoking. 核心原理四：非谓语作状语与句子的主语保持一致时，分词作状语=连词引导的状语从句 句子的主语是分词的动作的执行者用现在分词， 句子的主语是分词的动作的承受者用过去分词 分词作状语可表示时间，原因，伴随，条件，结果，让步 为了表示强调，作状语时可以加上从属连词，when , while, if , once, unless, though, even if等 三步法把下列从句改写成分词做状语（注意：从句的主语与主句的主语一致） 1. When we arrived at the station, we found the train had left. （注意条件是主从句的主语一致） 第一步：把从句的连词（when）去掉 第二步：把从句的主语（we）去掉 第三步：看从句的谓语arrived与句子的主语之间的关系，表主动用arriving. Arriving at the station, we found the train had left. 2. If water is heated, it will become steam. 第一步：把从句的连词（If）去掉 第二步：把从句的主语（water）去掉 第三步：看从句的谓语 is heated与句子的主语之间的关系，表被动用heated. If heated, the water will become steam.(分词作状语时，if连词可以放在非谓语动词之前，表达意思更清楚） 3. Because he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 第一步：把从句的连词（Because）去掉 第二步：把从句的主语（he）去掉 第三步：看从句的谓语 was born与句子的主语之间的关系，暗含被动关系用born. Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 同样地，三步法把分词作状语还原成连词引导的状语从句（注意：从句的主语与主句的主语一致） 1. Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. （现在分词作时间） 第一步：加连词，这是作时间状语，所以加连词when 第二步：加主语，与句子主语一致，所以加they 第三步：分析所加的主语与动作之间的关系，表主动，用谓语的主动形式，要注意谓语的时态。 When they heard the news, they jumped with joy. 2. Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. （过去分词作条件状语） 第一步：加连词，这是作条件状语，所以加连词if 第二步：加主语，与句子主语一致，所以加the park 第三步：分析所加的主语与动作之间的关系，the park和see之间是被动关系，用谓语的被动形式，要注意谓语的时态。 If the park is seen from the hill, it looks beautiful. 3. Walking in the park, he listened to music. （现在分词作伴随状语） 第一步：加连词，这是作伴随状语，连词as表示一边……一边…… 第二步：加主语，与句子主语一致，所以加he 第三步：分析所加的主语与动作之间的关系，表主动，用谓语的主动形式，要注意谓语的时态。 He listened to music as he walked in the park. 下列短语是约定俗成的，没有必要考虑与句子的主语保持一致。 Judging from 根据…判断 Generally speaking Talking of 谈到，谈起 Considering 就 . . 而言，考虑到 Honestly speaking To tell you the truth Given 考虑到 一些固定句型 * There is no need/use/harm/hurry/point +(in) doing sth. There is no use making an excuse for this. *It is no use/good doing It is no use arguing with them. It’s no good smoking. 高考语法填空解析： 1. (2024年新课标Ⅱ卷）________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of the Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed." 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作时间状语，把这个句子还原后为，When Edmondson recalled watching......, he said, “……”由此判断，recall与其逻辑主语Edmondson之间是主动执行关系，所以非谓语形式用recalling 2. (2023年新课标I卷） Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring Asian canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作定语修饰home, 把它还原后为the home is recognized. 动词recognize与所修饰词之间是被动承受关系，根据过去分词的基本定义，词空填recognized. 3. (2023年新课标I卷） Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _______(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作宾语补足语，lift的逻辑主语是宾语，还原成句子为they are lifted out of the steamer basket用被动形式， 在英语中allow后常接to do 作宾语补足语，所以此空填to be lifted. 4. (2023年全国乙卷） From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow Hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _______(build) system of ring roads. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作定语修饰system, 把动词build和它的逻辑主语还原后，就成了the system was built. 由此判断二者表被动关系，所以此空填built. 5. (2023年全国乙卷）_______( visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the coexistence of old and new and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage while constantly growing. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作时间状语，把动词visit和它的逻辑主语I还原成句子后，就成了I had visited several times over the last 10 years. 与时间状语over the last 10 years 连用需要用完成时态，二者之间表主动，所以此空应填Having visited 6. (2023年全国甲卷） Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message_________( intend) for everyone. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作定语修饰message. 把这个形式还原后就成了a serious message is intended for everyone. 二者之间是被动关系，根据非谓语动词的基本定义，表被动用过去分词，所以此空填intended. 7. (2023年浙江首考） In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, __________(surround) in concentric circles by the inner city and outer city. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作伴随状语，把动词surround和它的逻辑主语还原句子后the Forbidden City was surrounded in concentric circles. 二者之间是被动关系，所以此空应填surrounded. 8. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry ran one hundred meters, jumped over a 1.2-meter fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______(fall) child. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是单个非谓语作定语前置，修饰child，可以把动词fall和所修饰词child还原成the child was falling.(根据held out his arms to catch，判断fall的动作正在进行），所以此空应填falling. 9. (2022年新高考I卷） _______(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作状语，把动词cover与其逻辑主语还原成句子后就成了the GPNP covers an area about .由此可以看出二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以此空填covering. 10. (2022年全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,_________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作伴随状语，把动词invite和其逻辑主语the event还原成句子，就成了the event invited twenty-nine tea professionals.由此可见二者是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以词空填inviting. 11. (2022年全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation_______( hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬） to the ancient Silk Road. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作定语。把动词hold和其逻辑主语the Belt and Road Forum还原成句子为the Belt and Road Forum was held in Beijing.由此可见二者之间是被动关系，非谓语用held. 12. (2021年新高考I卷）But that's how nature is always leaving us __________(astonish). 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作宾语补足语。把动词astonish与其逻辑主语us还原成句子we are astonished. 在英语中做出的反应用过去分词，暗含被动意义。所以此空填astonished. 13.(2021年新高考I卷） Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _______(ache)legs. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是非谓语作定语修饰legs, 把动词ache和它的逻辑主语还原成句子your legs are aching. 由此可见二者之间是主动关系，所以此空填aching. 3． 名词性从句还原法 核心原理一：名词性从句的形式（ 代表一个句子） 主语从句： +谓语 It +谓语+ 例句1：Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 例句2: It is important that we learn English well. 宾语从句：及物动词+ 介词+ 例句1：I believe that you will succeed. 例句2：She is worried about whether she can pass the exam. 表语从句：系动词+ 例句1：The problem is that nobody knows the answer. 例句2： This is where we met for the first time. 同位语从句：名词+ 例句1:The news that our team won the game is true. 例句2：I have no idea where he has gone. 核心原理二：连词的功能和作用 连接词：只起连接作用，在句子中不做成分 that表肯定：I believe that you are right. if/whether表不肯定：Whether he will come is still unknown. 连接代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 what/which代物：what翻译为所……的，which翻译为哪一个，哪些 例句1:What you need is more practice. 例句2：I have two books, and I don’t know which I should choose. who/whom/代入： 例句1：Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet. 例句2：I don’t know whom you are talking about. whose作定语修饰人，which(有范围）和what（无范围）作定语，修饰物 例句1：I don’t know whose book this is. 例句2：Please tell me which color you like best. 例句3：I don’t understand what difference it makes. 连接副词：在从句中作状语 when在从句中作时间状语 例句：I don’t know when he will come back. where在从句中作地点状语 例句：This is where we worked ten years ago. why在从句中作原因状语 例句：No one knows why he left without a word. how在从句中作方式状语 例句：Can you tell me how I can get to the station? 高考语法填空题解析 (2024年全国甲卷） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's _______ they will promote. 解析：根据句子的呈现形式判断，这是一个表语从句，从句中promote缺宾语，由此判断此空需要填一个连接代词，根据句意，如果大多数顾客很高兴买更大量的商品，所以推出这里代物，排除who,whom，又翻译为“所……的”，所以此空填what. 4． 省略还原法 核心原则：把省略的部分补全 (2023年新课标Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to________(visit) Chinese zookeepers, who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 解析：可以把此句省略的部分补全还原为They talk to the flood of international tourists and they talk to________(visit) Chinese zookeepers.由此判断visit在这里是做定语修饰Chinese zookeepers的，根据之前讲过的非谓语做定语的原则，与所修饰词之间表主动关系，所以此空填visiting. 5． 疑问句还原法 核心原理：把特殊疑问词还原到句子中 (2023年新课标Ⅱ卷) And who do they speak English______. 解析：把特殊疑问词还原到句子中 they speak English ______ who？由此判断用介词to/with构成speak English with/to sb. 6． 被动语态还原法 核心原理：把被动语态还原成主动语态 1. (2022年全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 解析：在which引导的定语从句中，which指代先行词the first International Tea Day，这是一个被动的句子，还原成主动句之后就成了the United Nations named the first International Tea Day, 由此判断name的动作执行者为the United Nations，在被动语态中用介词by引出，所以此空填介词by. 2.(2023年新课标I卷) No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two still seems greedy, and so I am always left_______（want） more next time. 解析：把I am always left_______（want） more next time还原成主动语态的句子为……leave me ______(want) more next time. 由此判断want在此句中作宾语补足语，leave me wanting more意思是让我一直想要更多屉包子，表达动作的持续性，此空填wanting 为最佳答案。 七、介词还原法（指介词+关系代词） 核心原理：把提前的介词，还原到动词/形容词后面 在定语从句中，如果先行词作介词的宾语，还可以把介词放在先行词和定语从句之间，如： 1.The man ____ whom you talked is a teacher. 解析：whom在定语从句中指代先行词the man, 把它还原到从句中：you talked _____ the man , talk to/with the man, 所以此空填to/with 2.This is the person ____ I agree. 解析：把先行词the person还原到定语从句中：I agree ______ the person ，英语固定搭配为agree with the person, 所以此空填介词with. 八、感叹句还原法 核心原理：把感叹句还原成陈述句，判断用 what / how。 1.____ a clever boy he is! 还原：He is a clever boy 修饰名词用 What引起感叹句 2.____ clever he is! 还原：He is clever 修饰形容词用how引起感叹句 九、强调句还原法（去掉 it is/was…that） 核心原理：去掉强调结构，句子依然完整，就是强调句。 1.It was in the park ____ I met him. 解析：把It、was以及这个空去掉后句子还原成为：In the park I met him.这是个完整的句子，由此推出这是个强调句型，此空应填that 2.It was the park ____ I met him. 解析：把It、was以及这个空去掉后句子还原成：The park I met him.这是个不完整的句子，由此推出这不是强调句型，不能填that, 这是个定语从句，此空应填 关系副词where. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $