Unit 2 Stay Healthy-重点单词详解及专项练习-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

2026-04-30
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Unit 2 Stay Healthy 一、重点单词详解 1. healthy /ˈhelθi/ (核心形容词,本单元高频词)  核心释义:健康的;健壮的;有益健康的(强调“身体或心理状态良好,符合健康标准”,是本单元“保持健康”主题的核心词汇,贯穿口语、阅读和书面表达)  词形变换:health(n. 健康;健康状况,不可数名词,可用于“keep healthy = keep in good health”表示“保持健康”);healthily(adv. 健康地,修饰动词,如“eat healthily”);unhealthy(adj. 不健康的,反义词)  常考搭配:keep healthy 保持健康(本单元最高频搭配,书面表达和口语必用);a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式;healthy food 健康的食物;healthy habits 健康的习惯;be healthy 身体健康  单元例句:① We should keep healthy by doing more exercise every day.(我们应该每天多做运动来保持健康。)② Eating fresh fruit and vegetables is good for keeping healthy.(吃新鲜水果和蔬菜有助于保持健康。)③ He lives a healthy life and never stays up late.(他过着健康的生活,从不熬夜。)  用法拓展:healthy 可修饰人(侧重“身体健壮”)、食物/习惯(侧重“有益健康”);其名词形式health 常用搭配“in good health”“in bad health”,表示“健康状况好/差”;unhealthy 是反义词,可用于描述不良习惯或状态。  易错提醒:不要混淆healthy(形容词)和health(名词),如“他很健康”不能说“He is good health.”,应说“He is healthy.”或“He is in good health.”;healthily 是副词,修饰动词时需放在动词后面,如“eat healthily”(健康地吃),不能说“healthy eat”。 2. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz/ (名词/动词,重点必考,高频考点)  核心释义:n. 运动;锻炼;练习;v. 锻炼;运动;练习(n. 义项贴合单元“通过运动保持健康”的场景,v. 义项是重点考点,需重点掌握)  词形变换:exercises(n. 复数,可表示“练习题、体操”;v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);exercising(现在分词,用于进行时或非谓语动词)  常考搭配:n. 搭配:do exercise 做运动(泛指运动,不可数);do morning exercises 做早操(复数,特指体操);take exercise 锻炼;eye exercises 眼保健操;v. 搭配:exercise every day 每天锻炼;exercise one’s body 锻炼身体;exercise regularly 定期锻炼  单元例句:① I do exercise for half an hour every morning to stay healthy.(我每天早上锻炼半小时来保持健康。)② Our teacher asks us to do eye exercises after class to protect our eyes.(老师让我们课后做眼保健操保护眼睛。)③ She exercises every afternoon by running in the park.(她每天下午在公园跑步锻炼。)  用法拓展:exercise 作“运动、锻炼”讲时,是不可数名词,不能加s;作“练习题、体操”讲时,是可数名词,可加s;作动词时,主语是第三人称单数时,需变形式为exercises。  易错提醒:区分exercise的可数与不可数用法,避免出现“do exercises every day”(错误,此处指运动,不可数),正确表达是“do exercise every day”;“做早操”必须用复数“do morning exercises”,不能漏掉s。 3. diet /ˈdaɪət/ (名词/动词,重点必考,贴合单元场景)  核心释义:n. 饮食;节食;v. 节食;控制饮食(贴合单元“健康饮食、保持健康”的核心场景,是书面表达和口语对话的高频词)  词形变换:diets(n. 复数,指“多种饮食方式”;v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);dieting(现在分词,用于进行时或非谓语动词)  常考搭配:n. 搭配:a balanced diet 均衡饮食(本单元重点搭配);healthy diet 健康饮食;go on a diet 节食;v. 搭配:diet to lose weight 节食减肥;diet properly 合理控制饮食  单元例句:① Having a balanced diet is important for staying healthy.(均衡饮食对保持健康很重要。)② She goes on a diet because she wants to keep a healthy body.(她在节食,因为她想保持健康的身体。)③ We should diet properly, not eat too much junk food.(我们应该合理控制饮食,不要吃太多垃圾食品。)  用法拓展:diet 作名词时,常用搭配“a balanced diet”,其中diet 是可数名词,前面可加a;作动词时,常用结构“go on a diet”(节食),后面可接不定式表示目的,如“diet to keep healthy”(节食保持健康)。  易错提醒:“均衡饮食”的正确表达是“a balanced diet”,不能说“a balance diet”;go on a diet 是固定短语,不能漏掉a,如“节食”应说“go on a diet”,不能说“go on diet”。 4. sleep /sliːp/ (动词/名词,重点,贴合健康作息场景)  核心释义:v. 睡觉;入睡;n. 睡眠;睡觉(贴合单元“健康作息、保证睡眠、保持健康”的场景,可用于口语和书面表达,是描述健康生活方式的关键单词)  词形变换:slept(过去式/过去分词,不规则变化,需重点记忆);sleeping(现在分词,用于进行时或非谓语动词);sleepy(adj. 困倦的;想睡觉的,修饰人,侧重“想睡觉的状态”);asleep(adj. 睡着的,表状态,不能作定语)  常考搭配:n. 搭配:get enough sleep 保证充足的睡眠(本单元重点搭配);have a good sleep 睡个好觉;sleep well 睡得好;v. 搭配:sleep for 8 hours 睡8小时;go to sleep 入睡;fall asleep 睡着  单元例句:① We need to get enough sleep every night to stay healthy.(我们每天晚上需要保证充足的睡眠来保持健康。)② He often goes to bed early and sleeps well.(他经常早睡,睡得很好。)③ I feel sleepy in class because I didn’t get enough sleep last night.(我上课感到困倦,因为我昨晚没睡够。)  用法拓展:sleep 作动词时,是不及物动词,后面不直接接宾语;sleepy 和 asleep 都是形容词,sleepy 可作定语或表语,asleep 只能作表语,如“a sleepy boy”(一个困倦的男孩),“He is asleep.”(他睡着了)。  易错提醒:不要混淆sleep(动词/名词)、sleepy(形容词)和asleep(形容词),如“他睡着了”不能说“He is sleepy.”(意为“他很困倦”),应说“He is asleep.”;sleep 的过去式和过去分词是slept,不能写成sleeped。 5. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ (名词,重点,贴合健康与疾病场景)  核心释义:疾病;生病;不健康状态(描述“生病影响健康”,与单元“保持健康”主题形成对比,可用于描述健康问题,贴合单元情感和场景)  词形变换:ill(adj. 生病的;不健康的,修饰人,侧重“身体不适的状态”,不能作定语);illnesses(复数,指“多种疾病”)  常考搭配:have an illness 生病;suffer from an illness 患病;prevent illness 预防疾病;get over an illness 康复;because of illness 因为生病  单元例句:① Eating healthy food can help us prevent illness.(吃健康的食物能帮助我们预防疾病。)② He didn’t go to school because of illness.(他因为生病没去上学。)③ She got over her illness quickly by taking medicine and resting.(她通过吃药和休息,很快就康复了。)  用法拓展:illness 是可数名词,“一种疾病”用“an illness”,“多种疾病”用“illnesses”;ill 是形容词,只能作表语,如“He is ill.”(他生病了),不能说“an ill boy”,正确表达是“a sick boy”(生病的男孩)。  易错提醒:区分ill和illness,ill 是形容词,不能作定语,illness 是名词,可作主语或宾语;“生病”的常用表达是“have an illness”“be ill”或“be sick”,避免出现“have illness”(错误)。 6. active /ˈæktɪv/ (形容词,重点,贴合健康生活方式描述)  核心释义:积极的;活跃的;主动的(主要描述“积极运动、主动保持健康”的状态,贴合单元“保持健康”的主题,是书面表达中描述人物健康状态的常用词)  词形变换:activity(n. 活动;活跃,可数名词,如“outdoor activities”(户外活动));actively(adv. 积极地;活跃地,修饰动词);inactive(adj. 不活跃的,反义词)  常考搭配:be active in 积极参与……;an active lifestyle 活跃的生活方式;keep active 保持活跃(本单元重点搭配);active exercise 积极运动  单元例句:① We should be active in doing exercise to stay healthy.(我们应该积极参与运动来保持健康。)② She leads an active life and often plays ball games.(她过着活跃的生活,经常打球。)③ He actively takes part in outdoor activities every weekend.(他每个周末都积极参加户外活动。)  用法拓展:active 可修饰人(侧重“性格或行为积极”)、生活方式/运动(侧重“活跃、有活力”);其名词形式activity 常用复数“activities”,表示“各种活动”;actively 是副词,修饰动词时需放在动词前面或后面。  易错提醒:active 的名词形式是activity,不是active;“积极参与”的正确表达是“be active in doing sth”,不能说“be active to do sth”;actively 是副词,不能误用作形容词。 7. energy /ˈenədʒi/ (名词,重点,贴合健康状态描述)  核心释义:精力;能量;活力(描述“身体健康时充满精力”的状态,贴合单元“保持健康、充满活力”的核心场景,v. 义项是重点考点,需熟练掌握)  常考搭配:have enough energy 有足够的精力(本单元重点搭配);save energy 节约能量;use energy 消耗能量;full of energy 充满精力;energy for sth 做某事的精力  单元例句:① Eating a balanced diet can give us enough energy for study and exercise.(均衡饮食能给我们足够的精力学习和运动。)② He is always full of energy because he keeps healthy.(他总是充满精力,因为他保持着健康的状态。)③ We need to save energy and keep a healthy lifestyle.(我们需要节约能量,保持健康的生活方式。)  用法拓展:energy 是不可数名词,“足够的精力”用“enough energy”,不能说“enough energies”;常用搭配“full of energy”可用于描述人充满活力的状态,相当于“energetic”(形容词,充满活力的)。  易错提醒:energy 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能加s;不要混淆energy(名词)和energetic(形容词),如“他充满活力”不能说“He is full of energy.”(正确),也可说成“He is energetic.”,但不能说“He is energy.”。 8. prevent /prɪˈvent/ (动词,重点必考,单元核心话题词)  核心释义:预防;防止;阻止(贴合单元“预防疾病、保持健康”的核心话题,是本单元的重点词汇,贯穿阅读和书面表达)  常考搭配:prevent sth 预防某事;prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(本单元核心搭配);prevent illness 预防疾病;prevent accidents 预防事故  单元例句:① We can prevent illness by washing hands often.(我们可以通过经常洗手来预防疾病。)② Parents should prevent their children from eating too much junk food.(父母应该阻止孩子吃太多垃圾食品。)③ Doing exercise regularly can prevent us from getting fat.(定期做运动能防止我们发胖。)  用法拓展:prevent 是及物动词,后面可直接接宾语(如illness, accidents等);其常用结构“prevent sb from doing sth”中,from 可以省略,即“prevent sb doing sth”,含义不变;近义词有stop、keep,结构相同(stop/keep sb from doing sth)。  易错提醒:“阻止某人做某事”的正确表达是“prevent sb from doing sth”,不能说“prevent sb to do sth”;prevent 后面接动词时,只能用动名词形式,不能用不定式。 9. rest /rest/ (动词/名词,重点,贴合健康休息场景)  核心释义:v. 休息;放松;休息一下;n. 休息;剩余部分(adj. 义项描述“通过休息恢复精力、保持健康”的动作和状态,贴合单元场景)  词形变换:rests(n. 复数,指“多次休息”;v. 第三人称单数,用于一般现在时);resting(现在分词,用于进行时或非谓语动词);rested(adj. 休息好的,修饰人,侧重“休息后的状态”)  常考搭配:v. 搭配:rest for a while 休息一会儿(本单元最高频搭配,口语和书面表达必用);rest after exercise 运动后休息;rest one’s body 休息身体;n. 搭配:have a rest 休息一下;take a rest 休息一下;a good rest 好好休息  单元例句:① After doing exercise, we need to rest for a while to recover energy.(运动后,我们需要休息一会儿来恢复精力。)② She has a rest every afternoon after finishing her homework.(她每天下午做完作业后休息一会儿。)③ He rested well last night and feels energetic today.(他昨晚休息得很好,今天感觉很有活力。)  用法拓展:rest 作动词时,是不及物动词,后面可接介词for表示休息的时间;作名词时,常用搭配“have a rest”“take a rest”,两者意思相同,可互换;rested 是形容词,可用于描述人休息后的状态,如“feel rested”(感觉休息好了)。  易错提醒:“休息一会儿”的正确表达是“rest for a while”“have a rest”或“take a rest”,不能说“rest a while”;rest 作动词时,主语是第三人称单数时,需变形式为rests。 10. junk /dʒʌŋk/ (名词,重点必考,高频考点)  核心释义:垃圾;无用的东西(常与food搭配,即junk food“垃圾食品”,贴合单元“健康饮食、远离垃圾食品、保持健康”的场景,是中考高频词,也是八年级重点掌握的名词)  词形变换:无词形变换(不可数名词);junk food 垃圾食品(固定搭配,不可数)  常考搭配:junk food 垃圾食品(本单元重点搭配);junk mail 垃圾邮件;throw away junk 扔掉垃圾;stay away from junk food 远离垃圾食品  单元例句:① We should stay away from junk food to keep healthy.(我们应该远离垃圾食品来保持健康。)② Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.(吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。)③ My mother never lets me eat junk food because it’s unhealthy.(我妈妈从不允许我吃垃圾食品,因为它不健康。)  用法拓展:junk 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,“太多垃圾食品”用“too much junk food”,不能说“too many junk foods”;junk food 是固定搭配,泛指各种垃圾食品,不可数,不能加s。  易错提醒:junk 是不可数名词,不能加s;“垃圾食品”的正确表达是“junk food”,不能说“junk foods”;“远离垃圾食品”用“stay away from junk food”,不能说“stay away from junk foods”。 二、重点单词专项练习题 一、词形变换 1. healthy(名词)→ __________ 2. exercise(第三人称单数,动词)→ __________ 3. diet(第三人称单数,动词)→ __________ 4. sleep(过去式)→ __________ 5. ill(名词)→ __________ 6. active(名词)→ __________ 7. active(副词)→ __________ 8. rest(形容词,“休息好的”)→ __________ 9. healthy(反义词)→ __________ 10. sleep(形容词,“困倦的”)→ __________ 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. —What should we do to __________ healthy? —We should do more exercise and eat healthy food. A. keep B. keep in C. keep to ( ) 2. My brother __________ every morning to stay healthy; he runs for 20 minutes. A. exercise B. exercises C. exercised ( ) 3. Having a __________ diet is important; we should eat more fruit and vegetables. A. balance B. balanced C. balancing ( ) 4. He didn’t get enough __________ last night, so he feels sleepy in class. A. sleep B. sleepy C. asleep ( ) 5. She didn’t go to school because of __________; she had a bad cold. A. ill B. illness C. illnesses ( ) 6. We should be __________ in doing exercise; it’s good for our health. A. active B. actively C. activity ( ) 7. Eating a balanced diet can give us enough __________ to study and work. A. energy B. energies C. energetic ( ) 8. We should wash hands often to __________ illness. A. prevent B. prevent from C. prevent to ( ) 9. After running for half an hour, I need to __________ for a while to recover. A. rest B. rests C. resting ( ) 10. Don’t eat too much __________; it’s bad for your health. A. junk food B. junk foods C. junk foodes ( ) 11. —Why do you look so __________? —Because I had a good rest last night. A. rested B. rest C. resting ( ) 12. Parents should prevent their children __________ too much time playing computer games. A. to spend B. spending C. spend 三、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 1. We should keep h__________ by doing exercise and eating healthy food. 2. My father does e__________ every morning; he likes playing basketball. 3. Having a balanced d__________ can help us stay healthy. 4. We need to get enough s__________ every night, at least 8 hours. 5. He stayed at home because of i__________; he had a fever. 6. She is very a__________; she often takes part in outdoor activities. 7. Eating healthy food can give us enough e__________ for the whole day. 8. Washing hands often can p__________ us from getting ill. 9. After doing homework, I need to take a r__________ to relax. 10. We should stay away from j__________ food to keep our bodies healthy. 四、根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Keeping __________ (health) is important for every student. 2. He __________ (exercise) every afternoon; he is very healthy. 3. We should have a balanced __________ (diet) and eat less junk food. 4. She __________ (sleep) for 9 hours last night; she feels energetic today. 5. He didn’t go to school because he was __________ (ill). 6. They are __________ (active) in taking part in sports activities. 7. She has enough __________ (energy) to finish her homework on time. 8. We should prevent children from __________ (eat) too much junk food. 9. After a long walk, we stopped to have a __________ (rest). 10. Eating too much junk food is __________ (healthy); we should avoid it. 11. He feels __________ (sleep) because he didn’t sleep well last night. 12. She __________ (diet) to lose weight, but she still keeps a balanced diet. 五、完成句子 1. 我们应该每天做运动来保持健康。(exercise, keep healthy) We should ____________________ every day to ____________________. 2. 均衡饮食对我们的健康很重要。(balanced diet, health) Having a ____________________ is important for our ____________________. 3. 我们每天晚上需要保证充足的睡眠。(enough sleep) We need to get ____________________ every night. 4. 经常洗手能帮助我们预防疾病。(wash hands, prevent illness) Washing hands often can help us ____________________. 5. 运动后,我们应该休息一会儿来恢复精力。(exercise, rest, recover energy) After doing ____________________, we should ____________________ to ____________________. 6. 我们应该远离垃圾食品,保持健康的生活方式。(stay away from, junk food, healthy lifestyle) We should ____________________ ____________________ and keep a ____________________. 7. 他积极参与户外活动,所以充满精力。(be active in, outdoor activities, full of energy) He ____________________ ____________________ ____________________, so he is ____________________. 参考答案 一、词形变换 1. health 2. exercises 3. diets 4. slept 5. illness 6. activity 7. actively 8. rested 9. unhealthy 10. sleepy 二、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B 三、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 1. healthy 2. exercise 3. diet 4. sleep 5. illness 6. active 7. energy 8. prevent 9. rest 10. junk 四、根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. healthy 2. exercises 3. diet 4. slept 5. ill 6. active 7. energy 8. eating 9. rest 10. unhealthy 11. sleepy 12. diets 五、完成句子 1. do exercise; keep healthy 2. balanced diet; health 3. enough sleep 4. prevent illness 5. exercise; rest for a while; recover energy 6. stay away from; junk food; healthy lifestyle 7. is active in; outdoor activities; full of energy 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Stay Healthy-重点单词详解及专项练习-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
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Unit 2 Stay Healthy-重点单词详解及专项练习-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
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Unit 2 Stay Healthy-重点单词详解及专项练习-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册
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