内容正文:
真题圈英语
期宋改编卷
八年级下RJ9G
20.石家庄新华区真卷改编
(时间:120分钟满分:120分)
梁
尽
始
第一部分。
听力
▣▣
书州
第一节听句子,选择最佳答语(共5小题;每小题
冥聊
1分,满分5分)
)1.A.Yes,I am.
B.Good idea.
C.No,there isn't.
)2.A.Never mind.
B.It doesn't matter.
C.OK.Let's do it.
(
)3.A.Good point.B.Thanks.
C.Happy.
)4.A.By accident.
B.In the corner.
C.On a snowy night.
(
)5.A.Here you are.
B.Sorry to hear that.
C.Because my grandpa is ill.
第二节
听对话和问题,选择正确答案(共13小题;每小题
1分,满分13分)
)6.What's wrong with Tom?
h
B.
(
)7.Where is the book now?
B
)8.When did Kevin visit the Yellow River?
巡0
阳图
A.Last June.
B.Last July.
C.Last week.
题
)9.What will Kevin show to the woman?
A.A gift
B.Some photos.C.A book.
国
)10.How long has the man played tennis?
A.For eight years.
B.For eighteen years.
C.For ten years.
()11.How often does Lucy play tennis?
A.Twice a week.
B.Every morning.
C.Never.
()12.When may they meet again?
A.Next morning.
B.Next weekend.
C.Next weekday.
(
)13.What is the result of Anna's English exam?
A.Excellent.
B.Not bad.
C.Terrible.
()14.How often does Anna go to the library?
A.Every day.
B.Once a week.
C.Once a month.
()15.How many books has Jim read this term?
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
(
)16.Why did Lily look sad?
A.She argued with Anna.
B.She did not pass the exam.
C.She was ill.
(
)17.How long was Lily away from school?
A.For a week.
B.For two weeks.
C.For three days.
)18.How will they help Lily?
A.By helping her do her housework.
B.By looking after her.
C.By studying together with her.
第三节听短文和问题,选择正确答案(共7小题;每小题1
分,满分7分)
()19.What does the speaker want to teach us?
A.To be a good guest in China.
B.To be a good guest in America.
C.To be a good guest in Australia.
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()20.What is the first step?
A.To arrive at the house on time.
B.To help with the clean-up.
C.To reply to an invitation.
()21.What should you bring to be a good guest?
A.A bottle of wine.
B.An invitation.
C.A friend.
()22.When did the rainstorm happen?
A.On a dark night.
B.On a cold morning.
C.On a sunny afternoon.
()23.Why did Peyton clean his house?
A.Because it was his turn.
B.Because it was dirty.
C.Because he likes doing chores.
)24.What was Peyton's father doing when the rainstorm
happened?
A.Cooking.
B.Sleeping.
C.Watching TV.
)25.How did they realize that a heavy rainstorm hit the
area?
A.By watching TV.
B.By listening to the radio.
C.Their neighbours told them.
第四节
听短文填空(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
Names
Problems
My advice
She feels uncomfortable
◆27.Be
to boys.
around boys.
Ann
◆28.Talk with them
◆26.She is
to talk
with boys.
◆30.Don't
the
29.She often gets bad grades in
grades to have a quick
Jane
exams and she feels
change.
like giving up studying it.
◆Keep working hard.
第二部分语言运用
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最
佳选项。
Once a businessman named Wang Chuan went out to make
money.On his way back to his hometown,he hid his 31 in
his old and broken umbrella to keep it safe.
One rainy day,in a small tea house,he was so tired that
he fell 32.When he woke up,the umbrella was gone-but
instead of shouting angrily,he 33 a creative idea.
He opened a shop near the tea house.And then he put up a
notice:"If your umbrella is 34,bring it here and I can fix
it up with little money."Four months passed,some people
came and went,but 35 came to repair the umbrella that he
lost.Later,he found that not everyone would come to 36
the umbrella;they might buy a new one instead.
Wang Chuan thought over and had another 37.He
asked people to trade their old umbrellas for new ones.The
next day,many people came with old umbrellas.Wang Chuan
looked over each one 38.Finally,a nervous man handed
him a very old umbrella.“Ah,”thought Wang Chuan,“this is
mine!”He gave the man a new umbrella calmly(镇静地).
After the man left,he 39 his umbrella and found the
money was still there.
This story teaches us that clever thinking often works
better than anger.40 we face problems,we should use our
minds to solve them
()31.A.bag
B.money
C.letter
D.gift
(
)32.A.asleep
B.awake
C.afraid
D.amazing
)33.A.took care of
B.got out of
C.fell in love with
D.came up with
(
)34.A.expensive
B.broken
C.wide
D.new
()35.A.everybody
B.somebody
C.anybody
D.nobody
)36.A.buy
B.see
C.repair
D.take
)37.A.idea
B.interest
C.report
D.hope
)38.A.suddenly B.carefully
C.heavily
D.simply
)39.A.checked
B.changed
C.cleaned
D.collected
)40.A.Unless B.Until
C.When
D.Before
第二节短文填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号
内单词的正确形式。
My best friend Lily is really interested in reading.She
always carries a book 41.
her.She reads whenever she
42.
(have)free time.
Last month,she 43.
(finish)reading some great
books.They were about 44.
(robot)in our daily life.
They can do things much 45.
(well)than humans.
Next month,she plans 46.
(buy)a science fiction
book.She loves to imagine what the world 47.
(be)
like in 50 years.
Yesterday afternoon,I called Lily twice to help me with
my homework 48.
she didn't answer.Then I called
her for the 49.
(three)time.When she finally picked
50.
the phone,she told me she 51.
(study)a
classic book online at that time.
Lily believes books are magical.She 52.
(read)
over 100 books since last year!She often says,"When I read,I
enter a 53.
(difference)world.”
She wants to be 54.
famous writer one day.I
hope she can make 55.
(she)dream come true.Do you
like reading?
第三部分阅读
第一节阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最
佳选项。
A
Tom,Anna,and Mike are sharing their ways of spending
time with their parents online.
一70一
My dad and I play chess every Saturday morning.
Sometimes we argue about the rules,but we always
laugh later.Mum joins us for afternoon tea.They
believe that I can finish homework by myself.
Tom
We cook dinner together every Friday!Mum teaches
me Chinese dishes and we have a good time cooking
food.I share my school life with my parents while
eating.When I have different opinions,they listen
Anna
first before giving advice.
My parents are busy,but we hike or go bike riding
every two weeks.Nature trips help us relax.When I
sometimes feel bored,they will stay with me and try
some new ways to make me happy.
Mike
)56.What do Tom and his dad do together?
A.Go hiking.
B.Ride bikes.
C.Play chess.
D.Do homework.
)57.How often does Anna's family cook dinner together?
米
A.Every day.
B.Once a week.
C.Once a month.
D.Every two weeks.
)58.What do all the three teenagers have in common?
A.They enjoy their family time.
B.They like talking about school life.
C.They sometimes argue with parents.
D.They are interested in outdoor activities.
女
In many cultures today,the Western custom of shaking
hands is used.We use our right hand,which is usually
stronger than the left one.If we are using our hand this way,it
cannot be holding a knife or a gun.It shows that we trust the
other person,and that the other person can trust us.
Not all cultures use the handshake,and people in many
Asian cultures do not always touch another person.The
traditional greeting in China was to cover the right hand with
the left (for men)and bow slightly.Japanese people might
cover one hand with the other and depending on whom they are
greeting,bow slightly or quite low.In India,people join their
hands in front of their chests and bow their heads.In some
cultures,people will touch their heart,mouth and forehead to
感狗
show respect.Even young people in the West now give each
other the "high five"-when they slap each other's hands high
in the air.They are all keeping their hands busy.In almost all
书细
回抑
cultures,to smile and show an open right hand means,
“Welcome,you are safe with me.”
)59.We use our right hand to shake hands with others to
show that
A.our right hand is stronger than the left one
B.we can trust the other person and the other person
can trust us
C.there isn't a knife or a gun in our left hand
我
D.we are politer
)60.Now handshake is used
A.only in Western cultures
B.in many cultures
C.in all cultures
D.in almost all cultures
精品图书
)61.Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Usually we hold a knife with our right hand.
B.Japanese people bow quite low when greeting with
an important person.
C.Indian people shake hands with others to show
respect.
D.Asian people touch each other to greet.
c
"If you want to see a thing well,reach out your hand and
槛加
touch it!”
阳图
That may seem strange.But touching things can help you
题
品
to see them better.Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is
网
round and colourful.But when you hold it in your hands,you
can feel how smooth(光滑的)and cool the ball is.You can
even feel how heavy the glass is.When you feel all these about
the ball,you really see it.
All children soon learn what "Don't touch!"means.They
hear it often.Yet most of us keep on touching things as we
grow up.In shops,if we want to buy things such as food and
clothes,we will touch them first.To see something well,we
have to touch it.
There are ways of learning well by touching.One way is to
close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your
skin().Feel the shoes on your feet,the clothes on your
body,the air on your skin.At first,it is not easy to feel these
things because you are too used to them.
Most museums are just for observing.You can only look at
the things on show.But today there are some museums with
some things to touch.Their signs say,"Do touch!"There you
can feel everything on show.If we want to see better,reach
out and touch.Then you will really see!
()62.What will happen when you touch a glass ball?
A.You'll know where it's from.
B.You'll fall in love with it at once.
C.You can feel it's smooth and cool.
D.You can feel the shape of it.
()63.What do people often do first when they buy things
in shops?
A.They feel and touch them.
B.They try them on right now.
C.They ask everything about them.
D.They buy them without thinking twice.
()64.What does the underlined word "observing"mean in
the last paragraph?
A.Shopping.
B.Seeing.
C.Listening.
D.Drawing.
()65.Which of the following is the best title for the
passage?
A.To See Is to Believe
B.The Rules in the Museum
C.To Touch to See Better
D.The Ways to Protect Eyes
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D
Everyone may feel angry at any time.It's a common
feeling.Some people cry when they feel angry and some may
shout.Unluckily,many of us have been used to hiding anger.
A study suggests that this can have long-term bad influences on
our health.
Is it better to cry or break things whenever something
makes us angry?The study points out that when we show our
anger in this way,we probably can't get on well with our
friends or our family.The longer we stay angry,the worse
result we'll get.So how can we deal with our feeling of anger in
a right way?
First,know what anger is.Anger is often caused by
feelings like fear,disappointment (and so on.
Also,care more about those everyday things that will
make us angry.For example,we may get angry in a long line
at the store.Take a step back and think that it isn't personal.
Everyone in the line has to get home to make dinner,just like
us.Then we'll feel better.Another way of dealing with anger
is to talk about it.The study has shown that if we name our
feelings,we can slowly calm ourselves down.
Besides,take a deep breath or find some helpful exercise to
do.Exercise helps deal with anger.
Remember that how we act when we are angry can make
things better or worse.If we learn to deal with anger,we will
be happier and healthier.
()66.How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph
2?
A.By telling a story.
B.By asking a question.
C.By giving an example.D.By using an old saying.
()67.Which picture can show the relationship between
anger and time?(x-the time you keep angry,y-
the bad influences it will have)
()68.Which can help deal with the feeling of anger
according to the text?
a.Taking some exercise.
b.Eating delicious food.
c.Talking about anger.
d.Taking a deep breath.
A.abc
B.abd
C.acd
D.bed
()69.What is the most suitable structure of the text?(P=
Paragraph)
⑩
@
P2
②
A.
B.
☒④
⑨國
®6
PO
①
①
②
C.
D.
P2
3
®四
西
西
國@西國
(
)70.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A.What makes us angry.
B.Why we are angry.
精品图书
C.When to deal with anger.
金星教育
D.How to deal with anger.
第二节阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,简略回答问题。
Running has become a national sport.In fact,running is
not just a sport,but a healthy lifestyle choice.So what are the
good points of running?
First,it makes our body strong.Keeping running helps
control weight and improves heart health.Scientists say
running for 30 minutes daily can lower (the risk of heart
problems by 50%0.
Secondly,running is good for our mind.Many teenagers
feel less stressed after running.A study shows 70%0 of middle
school runners feel happier after running.
Moreover,running builds social relations.Joining running
clubs allows people to make friends with similar interests.Last
month,our school's running team even ran to raise money for
homeless animals.
Interestingly,running makes a big difference to our study.
Students who keep running often study better in class.As the
saying goes,"A healthy body houses a healthy mind.
Finally,running is eco-friendly(环保的).Unlike driving,
it brings no pollution.Why not put on your trainers and start to
run today?
71.How long should you run every day to lower the risk of
heart problems by 50%?
72.How do students feel after running?(写出一个答案即可)
73.What does joining running clubs allow people to do?
74.Why is running eco-friendly?
75.What do you think of running?Why?
第四部分情景交际
补全对话(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据下面的对话情景,在空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对
话的意思连贯、完整。
A:Hello,Linda!76.
B:Sure,go ahead.
A:77.
B:Yes.Many earthquakes happen every year in some places.
A:78.
B:Yes.I think we should stay under a table when we are
indoors.And we shouldn't stand near buildings when we
are outdoors.
A:Do you think we should sit on the floor close to a corner if
we are in the room?
B:79.
And we should use our
arms to protect our head.
A:What should we do if we feel afraid?
B:80.
It is important
72
to stay calm if we are in the earthquake.
A:Thanks very much.
B:You're welcome.
第五部分写作
书面表达(满分15分)
81.假如你是李华,学校英语俱乐部组织了两种暑期实践活动,
现正在招募成员。请你仔细阅读下表中的内容和所给提示,
从两种活动中选择一种你想参加的实践活动,给负责人王老
师写一封申请信。
Activity
clean up the park
work as a tour guide
务
When
July 13th-15th
August 8th-10th
Where
in Zhongshan Park
in the museum
make some signs,
introduce the artworks,
What to do
pick up rubbish
help the tourists
提示:(I)Which activity would you like to choose?Why?
(2)What can you help do there?
注意:(1)文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
(2)词数70个左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词
数)。
Dear Mr Wang,
I would like to
I really hope to take part in this activity.I look forward
to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua答案与解析
81.One possible version:
Dear Millie,
How's everything going?I'm very glad that you will come
to China.Now I want to tell you something about Chinese
manners.
In China,you are expected to shake hands when you meet
others for the first time.Besides,you should give your gift to
the host when the door opens or before you sit down.During
dinner,you should not eat first when older people are at the
table.What's more,it's impolite to speak loudly when you are
in public places like museums or libraries.
In a word,showing enough respect for others is the secret
to getting along with people both in China and in other coun-
tries.
Best wishes!
Li Ming
期末改编卷
20.石家庄新华区真卷改编
答案速查
1-5 BCCCC 6-10 ABABA 11-15 ABABA
16-20 BACBC 21-25 AABAA
26.nervous/shy 27.friendlier 28.often 29.English
30.expect
31-35 BADBD 36-40 CABAC
41.with 42.has 43.finished 44.robots 45.better
46.to buy 47.will be 48.but 49.third 50.up
51.was studying 52.has read 53.different 54.a
55.her
56-60 CBABB 61-65 BCABC 66-70 BACAD
【短文大意】本文讲述了商人王川用智慧找回被偷的藏钱雨伞的
故事。
31.B考查名词。bag包;money钱;letter信;gift礼物。根据“
his umbrella and found the money was still there..”可知,是在
伞中藏钱。故选B。
32.A考查形容词。asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;afraid害怕的;
amazing惊人的。根据he was so tired可知,他很累,于是睡着
了。故选A。
33.D考查动词短语。take care of照顾;get out of逃离;fall in
love with爱上;come up with想出。根据a creative idea和备选
项可知,此处指想出主意。故选D。
34.B考查形容词。expensive昂贵的;broken损坏的;wide宽的;
new新的。根据I can fix it up可知,需要修理的是坏伞。故
选B。
35.D考查不定代词。everybody每个人;somebody某人;any
body任何人;nobody没人。根据“Wang Chuan thought over
and had another.”可知,他没有找到他的伞,应是没有
人来修理他丢失的雨伞。故选D。
36.C考查动词。buy买;see看;repair修理;take拿走。根据
they might buy a new one instead可知,有些人伞坏了倾向于直
接买新的伞,而不是修好坏的伞。故选C。
37.A考查名词。idea主意;interest兴趣;report报告;hope希
望。根据上文内容和he一a creative idea可知,上一个
主意失败后,他又想了一个主意。故选A。
38.B考查副词。suddenly突然;carefully仔细地;heavily沉重
地;simply简单地。根据“The next day,many people came
with old umbrellas..”可知,要在这么多把旧伞中找到自己的
伞,他应该要仔细地找。故选B。
39.A考查动词。check检查;change改变;clean清洁;collect收
集。根据“After the man left,he
his umbrella and
found the money was still there,”可知,为了找钱,他检查了伞。
故选A。
40.C考查连词。unless除非;until直到…为止;when当…
时;before在…之前。根据“
we face problems,we
should use our minds to solve them.”可推知,当面对问题时,我
们应该用我们的头脑来解决它们,这里用when引导时间状语
从句。故选C。
【短文大意】本文中Tom、Anna和Mike分别分享了自己与父母共
度时光的方式。
56.C细节理解题。根据“My dad and I play chess every Saturday
morning.”可知,Tom和父亲一起下棋。故选C。
57.B细节理解题。根据“We cook dinner together every Fri-
day!”可知,Anna一家每周五一起做饭,也就是一周一起做一
次饭。故选B。
58.A推理判断题。根据“but we always laugh later..”“…we
have a good time cooking food..”和“Nature trips help us relax.”
可知,Tom和父亲下棋时会笑,Anna和母亲一起做饭的时光
非常愉快,Mke和父母一起外出会感到放松。由此可推断,三
人都很享受他们的家庭时光。故选A。
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了世界各地几种常见的问候礼仪。
59.B细节理解题。根据“We use our right hand,which is usual-
ly stronger than the left one...It shows that we trust the other
person,and that the other person can trust us..”可知,用右手握
手,表明我们信任对方,对方也可以信任我们。故选B。
60.B细节理解题。根据“In many cultures today,the Western
custom of shaking hands is used..”可知,在今天的许多文化中,
人们用着西方的握手习俗。故选B。
1.B推理判断题。根据“Japanese people might cover one hand
with the other and depending on whom they are greeting,bow
slightly or quite low.”可推知,当日本人和重要的人打招呼时,
会深深地鞠躬。故选B。
【短文大意】本文主要讲了触摸能帮助人们更好地了解事物,通过
举例说明触摸的重要性,强调想要看得更清楚,就需要伸出手去
触摸。
62.C细节理解题。根据“Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball
is round and colourful.But when you hold it in your hands,you
can feel how smooth and cool the ball is.”可知,触摸玻璃球时
能感受到它的光滑和凉爽。故选C。
63.A细节理解题。根据“In shops,if we want to buy things
such as food and clothes,we will touch them first..”可知,人们
在商店买东西时,通常会先触摸它们。故选A。
64.B词义猜测题。根据“You can only look at the things on
show.”可知,大多数博物馆只能看展出的东西,因此observing
意为“看”。故选B。
65.C标题归纳题。根据“If you want to see a thing well,reach
out your hand and touch it!”和“If we want to see better,reach
out and touch.Then you will really see!”可知,文章围绕“触摸
能帮助更好地看见事物”展开。故选C。
【短文大意】本文主要介绍愤怒是常见情绪,以及如何正确处理愤
怒情绪。
66.B细节理解题。根据“Is it better to cry or break things when
ever something makes us angry?”可知,作者通过提出问题引入
话题。故选B。
67.A推理判断题。根据“The longer we stay angry,the worse
result we'll get..”可知,即生气时间(x)越长,不良影响(y)越
大,A图符合此关系。故选A。
68.C细节理解题。根据“Another way of dealing with anger is to
talk about it.”和“Besides,take a deep breath or find some
helpful exercise to do.”可知,谈论愤怒、锻炼和深呼吸能应对
愤怒,未提及品尝美食。故选C。
69.A篇章结构题。通读全文可知,文章第一段引出愤怒的话
题,第二段提出如何正确处理愤怒的问题,第三至五段介绍处
理愤怒的方法,第六段总结处理愤怒的重要性。文章结构为
“总一分一总”,与A图结构一致。故选A。
70.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕如何处理愤怒
情绪展开。故选D。
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了跑步的五大好处,包括强健身体、缓解
压力、促进社交、提高学习效率和环保特性。
7l.For30 minutes.根据“Scientists say running for30 minutes
daily can lower the risk of heart problems by50%.”可知,每天
跑30分钟可以使心脏病的发病风险降低50%。
72.They feel less stressed/happier after running..根据“Many
teenagers feel less stressed after running.A study shows 70%
of middle school runners feel happier after running.”可知,学生
跑步后感到压力减轻了或更快乐了。
73.To make friends with similar interests..根据“Joining running
clubs allows people to make friends with similar interests."
知,参加跑步俱乐部能结交志趣相投的朋友。
74.Because it brings no pollution.根据“Finally,running is eco
friendly..Unlike driving,it brings no pollution.”可知,跑步不
产生污染,所以它环保。
75.I think running is beneficial because it improves both physical
and mental health.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
76.May I ask you some questions?
77.Do you know anything about the earthquake?
78.Do you know how to protect ourselves in the earthquake?
79.Yes,I think so.
80.We should try to keep calm.
(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
真题圈英语八年级下J9G
81.One possible version:
Dear Mr Wang,
I would like to clean up the park.I don't have any plans in
July,and I'm sure I can help from July 13th to 15th.Zhongshan
Park is very near my home,so I can walk there.I think it's im-
portant for children to learn some social skills during the sum-
mer holiday.Everyone should do their part in keeping the city
clean and tidy.I can help make some signs because I'm good at
drawing.Picking up rubbish is easy for me.I can also do it
well.
I really hope to take part in this activity.I look forward to
your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
21.秦皇岛海港区真卷改编
答案速查
1-5 CCBBA 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 CBBCC
16-20 AABCA 21-25 CBCAC
26.sick 27.clean up 28.skills 29.college 30.young
31-35 CDABD 36-40 BDBDA
41.in 42.since 43.a 44.made 45.between 46.easily
47.her 48.biggest 49.different 50.to use 51.paying
52.places 53.Chinese 54.has collected 55.wants
56-60 BCADC 61-65 ACBAD 66-70 DBDCA
【短文大意】本文介绍了欧洲最高的人造瀑布一一意大利马尔莫雷
瀑布。
3l.C考查动词。control控制;fix修理;know知道;compare比
较。根据many people don't
well以及前文提到大家
熟知安赫尔瀑布,转折后说另一个瀑布可知,此处指很多人不
知道它。故选C。
32.D考查连词。if如果;when当…时;because因为;although尽
管。Marmore Falls is not very famous和it's very beautiful是让步
关系,用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
33.A考查名词。history历史;feeling感觉;number数字;popu-
lation人口。根据over2,000 years可知,此处说的是历史。故
选A。
34.B考查动词。keep保持;make制造;save拯救;stop停止。
根据use the water in Marmore Falls to electricity可
知,此处表示用水发电,make electricity表示“发电”。故选B。
35.D考查形容词。strange奇怪的;difficult困难的;interesting
有趣的;important重要的。根据“In some hours of the day and
night the water turns on,creating the great view of the water-
fall.”可知,在白天和夜晚的某些时段,水流开启,造就了瀑布
的壮丽景观,因此去参观前最重要的事就是弄清楚水流开启的
时间。故选D。
36.B考查动词。explain解释;visit参观;protect保护;share分
享。根据“If you want to Marmore Falls,.don't go in
August..”可知,如果想要参观瀑布,不要在八月份去。故选B。
37.D考查名词。week周;season季节;year年;month月。August
(八月)是月份。故选D。
38.B考查名词。trader商人;tourist游客;climber登山者;nurse
护士。根据most people there take their holidays可知,八月很