内容正文:
专题1 名词
2027年重庆市(高职分类考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件
【复习目标】
本专题旨在帮助学生全面理解和掌握名词的分类(专有名词和普通名词(普通名词又包含可数名词与不可数名词))、名词的数变化规则以及名词在实际语境中的应用。
引
入
01
名词的定义和分类
02
可数名词
03
不可数名词
04
名词所有格
名词在句子中的作用
05
真题训练
06
5
01
名词的定义和分类
名词的定义
名词是实词的一种,表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词,在句子中通常作为主语、宾语等成分。
名词的分类
名词分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词指人名、地名等特定名称,而普通名词则指一类人或物的名称。
名词概述
名词分类 类别 例子
专
有
名
词 表示人名 Tom, Mary, Li Hua
表示地名 Beijing, London, Mount Everest
表示组织机构 China, the United States
表示节日 Spring Festival, Christmas
表示月份、星期 January, Monday
表示称呼、头衔 Dad, Uncle Wang
表示书、报刊名称 New York Times, Harry Potter
由普通名词构成 the Great Wall, the Forbidden City
普
通
名
词 可数名词 个体名词 book, student, car
集体名词 family, class, team
不可数名词 物质名词 water, air, wood
抽象名词 love, happiness, time
指人名、地名、国名等特定名称,通常首字母大写,如Tom, Beijing, China等。这类名词在英文中具有一定的特指性。
专有名词
指一类人或物的名称,如book, student, car等。根据可数性,普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
普通名词
名词分类
专有名词的首字母通常大写,这是为了突出其特指性,如Tom, Beijing, China等。这一规则在英语中广泛适用。
首字母大写
专有名词一般不与冠词连用,如“a Tom”或“the Beijing”在英语中通常不成立。但需注意有特例存在。
与冠词连用
专有名词通常没有复数形式,如Beijing, China等。但同样需注意有特例存在。这些特例在英语学习中需特别关注。
复数形式
专有名词特征
【即时训练】
找出下列文段中的专有名词和普通名词。
Last Friday, my friend Mike and I went to Chongqing Zoo. We saw pandas, tigers, and monkeys. At noon, we ate Chongqing noodles at a small restaurant near the Yangtze River. We really enjoyed the day.
解析:
专有名词:Friday星期 Mike人名 Chongqing Zoo地名/机构
Chongqing noodles地方特色食品 the Yangtze River 江河名
普通名词:friend个体名词 pandas, tigers, monkeys个体名词 restaurant个体名词 noodles 个体名词 river个体名词 day抽象名词
02
可数名词
可数名词定义
在句子中,可数名词可以单独出现,也可以被数词修饰,提供具体、准确的信息。
可数名词作用
单数与复数形式
单数形式表示一个人或物,复数形式表示多于一个人或物,体现数量的概念。
可数名词是指可以用数字直接计数的名词,它们有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词定义
规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 -s book→books, girl→girls, day→days
以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 加 -es bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾;
以“元音字母+y”结尾 变y为i加-es;
直接加-s city→cities, factory→factories;
boy→boys, toy→toys
以 o 结尾
有生命;
无生命 加-es;
加-s tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes;
photo→photos, piano→pianos
以 f/fe 结尾 变f/fe为v加-es leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves
不规则变化
类型 例词
改变元音 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese
词尾变化 child→children, ox→oxen
单复同形 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
只有复数形式 trousers, glasses, clothes, thanks, goods
复合名词的复数
情况 构成方法 例词
有主体词时 在主体词加-s son-in-law→sons-in-law(女婿),looker-on→lookers-on(旁观者)
无主体词时 在词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups(成年人),go-between→go-between s(中间人)
man/woman修饰名词时 两部分都变 man teacher→men teacher,woman doctor→women doctors
【即时训练】
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空(共5题)
1. There are three ________ (child) playing in the park.
2. My sister bought two ________ (dictionary) from the bookstore.
3. The ________ (woman doctor) in this hospital are very kind.
4. I saw many ________ (sheep) on the hill when I passed by.
5. Please put those ________ (tomato) in the fridge.
【答案】 children,dictionaries,women doctors,sheep,tomatoes
【即时训练】
二、单项选择(共5题)
( ) 6. How many ______ are there in your school library?
A. book B. books C. a book D. the book
( ) 7. My father bought me a new ______ yesterday.
A. computer B. computers C. computer's D. computers'
( ) 8. There are ______ on the farm.
A. five deers B. five deer C. five deer's D. five deers'
【答案】 BAB
【即时训练】
二、单项选择(共5题)
( ) 9. The ______ are cleaning the classroom.
A. boy student B. boy students C. boys student D. boys students
( ) 10. I'd like two ______, please.
A. cup of tea B. cups of tea C. cup of teas D. cups of teas
【答案】BB
03
不可数名词
无复数形式
不可数名词通常没有复数形式,仅保持单数形式。这体现了其整体性和非离散性,与可数名词的复数形式形成鲜明对比。
不可数名词概念
不可数名词指的是那些无法用具体数目来计数,也无法明确区分为单独个体的抽象概念、状态或品质。
不可数名词的作用
不可数名词在描述抽象概念、物质材料等方面发挥着重要作用,如“water”(水)、“love”(爱)等,丰富了语言表达的多样性。
不可数名词定义
常见不可数名词分类
类别 例词
液体类 water, milk, tea, coffee, juice, oil, soup
气体类 air, oxygen, smoke
固体颗粒类 rice, sand, sugar, salt, flour, dust
肉类/食物 meat, pork, beef, chicken(鸡肉), bread, butter, cheese
材料类 wood, paper, glass, cloth, gold, silver, iron
抽象概念 love, happiness, friendship, information, news, advice, knowledge, time, money, work, homework, housework
学科名称 physics, mathematics, politics, economics
自然现象 weather, rain, snow, wind, sunshine, darkness
不可数名词的数量表达
结构 例词
a piece of + 不可数名词 a piece of news/paper/advice/information
a bottle/cup/glass of a bottle of water, a cup of tea, a glass of milk
a bag/kilo/pound of a bag of rice, a kilo of meat, a pound of butter
a bowl/plate of a bowl of soup, a plate of beef
some/any + 不可数名词 some water, any money
much/little/a little + 不可数名词 much time, a little sugar
可数与不可数意义不同的名词
名词 可数时意义 不可数时意义
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 报纸、论文 纸
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼(条数) 鱼肉
room 房间 空间
light 电灯 光
time 次数、时代 时间
work 作品 工作
experience 经历 经验
【即时训练】
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空(共4题)
1. Can you give me some ________ (advice) on how to learn English well?
2. How much ________ (money) do you need to buy a new computer?
3. I’d like two ________ (piece) of bread and a glass of milk.
4. There is some ________ (furniture) in the living room.
【答案】 advice,money,pieces,furniture
【即时训练】
二、单项选择(共6题)
( ) 5. I have ______ homework to do tonight.
A. many B. a few C. a lot of D. several
( ) 6. Would you like ______ coffee?
A. a B. an C. some D. many
( ) 7. We need to buy ______ for the party.
A. two breads B. two pieces of bread C. two piece of bread D. a bread
【答案】 CCB
【即时训练】
二、单项选择(共6题)
( ) 8. The news ______ very exciting.
A. are B. is C. were D. have been
( ) 9. She gave me ______ useful advice.
A. a B. an C. many D. a piece of
( ) 10. There is ______ water in the bottle.
A. many B. a few C. a little D. several
【答案】 BDC
04
名词所有格
's所有格
构成规则
情况 构成方法 例词
单数名词 加 's Tom's book, the boy's bag, my father's car
不以s结尾的复数名词 加 's children's toys, men's room, women's clothes
以s结尾的复数名词 加 ' the students' classroom, the teachers' office
以s结尾的单数名词 加 's 或 ' Thomas's / Thomas' book, the bus's / bus' driver
's所有格
用法
用法 例句
有生命的人或动物 my mother's birthday, the dog's tail
时间、距离、国家、城市 today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk, China's population
表示店铺、教堂、人名 at the doctor's, at my uncle's, St. Paul's
表示共同拥有 Lucy and Lily's room(两人共有的房间)
表示各自拥有 Lucy's and Lily's rooms(两人各自的房间)
双重所有格
结构:of + 名词's
He is a friend of my father's.(他是我爸爸的一个朋友。——强调多个朋友之一)
I read a book of Lu Xun's.(我读了鲁迅的一本书。)
注意:双重所有格与of所有格的区别:
a photo of my mother(照片上是我妈妈本人)
a photo of my mother's(我妈妈收藏的一张照片,不一定是她本人)
of 所有格
用法 例句
无生命的事物 the door of the room, the cover of the book
较长的人名或修饰语 the name of the man standing there
表示部分概念 a piece of paper, a glass of water
表示同位关系 the city of Beijing, the month of May
【即时训练】
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空(共5题)
1. This is ________ (Tom) bike. He rides it to school every day.
2. The ________ (students) classroom is on the third floor.
3. ________ (Mike and John) room is very clean and tidy.
4. It’s about ten ________ (minute) walk from my home to the school.
5. The ________ (girl) names are Lucy and Lily.
【答案】 Tom‘s,students’,minutes‘,girls’,Mike and John‘s
【即时训练】
二、单项选择(共5题)
( ) 6. This is ______ room. They share it together.
A. Tom and Mike’s B. Tom’s and Mike’s C. Tom and Mike D. Tom’s and Mike
( ) 7. The ______ are playing in the garden.
A. children’s B. children C. child’s D. childrens’
( ) 8. I went to ______ to buy some medicine.
A. the chemist B. the chemist’s C. chemists D. chemists’
【答案】 ABB
【即时训练】
( ) 9. ______ father is a famous doctor.
A. Mary and Jane’s B. Mary’s and Jane’s C. Mary and Jane D. Mary’s and Jane
( ) 10. I need to buy ______ newspaper.
A. today B. today’s C. todays D. todays’
【答案】 AB
05
名词在句子中的作用
of 所有格
功能 例句
作主语 Students should study hard.
作宾语 I like apples.
作表语 He is a teacher.
作定语 It's a computer room.
作同位语 My brother Tom is a driver.
作呼语 Boys and girls, listen to me.
【即时训练】
一、选择题(共3题)
( ) 1. ______ are playing basketball on the playground.
A. The boy B. A boy C. The boys D. Boy
( ) 2. My father is a ______. He works in a car factory.
A. worker B. workers C. work D. working
( ) 3. I bought a pair of ______ yesterday.
A. shoe B. shoes C. shoe’s D. shoes’
【答案】 CAB
【即时训练】
二、填空题(共2题)
4. The ________ (teacher) office is on the second floor. Please go upstairs.
5. He showed great ________ (courage) when he saved the child from the river.
【答案】
4. teachers’
5. courage
06
真题训练
1.(2025年重庆市高职分类考试第10题)There are two ______ and three ______ in the room.
A. man; woman B. men; women
C. mens; womens D. man; women
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查可数名词的复数形式。man的复数为men,woman的复数为women,故选项B正确。
2.(2024年重庆市高职分类考试第15题)I need two ______ of ______ to make a cake.
A. cup; milk B. cups; milks
C. cups; milk D. cup; milks
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查不可数名词的量化表达。milk为不可数名词,没有复数形式,表示数量时需借助量词cup,且cup需用复数形式cups,故选项C正确。
3.(2023年重庆市高职分类考试第20题)This is ______ book. ______ book is very interesting.
A. a; The B. an; The C. the; A D. /; The
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。第一次提到某物时用不定冠词a或an,book以辅音音素开头,故用a;第二次提到同一物时用定冠词the,故选项A正确。
4.(2022年重庆市高职分类考试第25题)The ______ of the building is very high. (high)
A. High B. higher C. highest D. height
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词的用法。根据句意“这栋楼的高度非常高”,此处需用名词height,故选项D正确。
5.(2021年重庆市高职分类考试第30题)These are ______ (child) toys. They are very colorful.
【答案】children's
【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。根据句意“这些是孩子们的玩具”,此处需用名词所有格children's,故填children's。
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