Unit7 Space exploration（B卷） 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 Space exploration（B卷） 一、阅读理解，本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳选项。 People have always been very interested in space, but space can also be dangerous, with big rocks called asteroids (小行星) moving around. Recently, a small asteroid named “2024YR4” has caught lots of attention. On February 7th, 2025, it was reported that the asteroid has a 23% chance of hitting the earth in 2032. To keep our earth safe, Chinese scientists are working hard together. Discovered in December, 2024, “2024YR4” is thought to be 40 to 100 meters wide. Although it’s very far away, over 48 million kilometers, Chinese scientists are watching it closely. They want to find more details (细节). ________. Chinese scientists plan to make use of special telescopes (望远镜). These telescopes, with powerful cameras and smart software, will help scientists observe (观察) the asteroid clearly, giving them more information to think about ways to stop it if it’s coming too close. To find out the asteroid’s path, China will use supercomputers to learn about its size, shape, speed and the influence of other planets’ gravity (重力) on it. China is working on ways to change the asteroid’s path. They have ideas like sending a spaceship to hit it softly or using a spaceship’s pull to slowly change its direction. China’s big plan shows how much it cares about protecting our planet. The scientists believe that if an asteroid does come too close, they can react in a calm and prepared way. 1．Which of the following is the closest in size to “2024YR4”? A．A car. B．A basketball. C．The sun. D．A football field. 2．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．China is playing a big role in this effort. B．Many countries have given up researching the asteroid. C．Scientists have already found a perfect way to stop the asteroid. D．The asteroid will surely miss the earth in 2032. 3．Why do scientists use special telescopes? A．To observe the asteroid clearly. B．To take pictures of space. C．To study the sun’s activity. D．To explore the solar system. 4．What can super computers be used to learn about the asteroid? a. how big it is    b. how it is formed    c. how fast it moves d. how other planets’ gravity pulls it    e. how it looks in shape A．abcd B．bcde C．abde D．acde 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．The Discovery of Asteroid 2024YR4 B．China’s Plan to Keep Earth Safe from an Asteroid C．How Scientists Watch Asteroids D．The Amazing Journey to Space 二、完形填空，本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Chinese people have long dreamt of 6 space. In 2022, China finished building Tiangong space station. Its name comes from ancient Chinese 7 . Tianhe, the core module, was 8 into space in 2021. Tianzhou-2 delivered fuel, equipment and 9 . Later, Shenzhou-12 carried three astronauts who spent three months 10 equipment. More modules have been 11 since then. Astronauts are busy doing 12 and collecting data. They get to go on spacewalks and see 16 sunrises a day, because Tiangong 13 fast. Tiangong flies at 400 kilometres high. We can see it with the 14 eye as a tiny 15 object moving across the sky. 6．A．explore B．exploring C．explored D．explores 7．A．legends B．stories C．books D．songs 8．A．sent B．taken C．brought D．carried 9．A．supplies B．food C．water D．clothes 10．A．test B．testing C．to test D．tested 11．A．added B．removed C．lost D．found 12．A．experiments B．sports C．games D．tasks 13．A．travels B．runs C．walks D．flies 14．A．naked B．left C．right D．big 15．A．shiny B．dark C．small D．big 三、七选五：根据上下文补全短文，20分。 Wherever we go, we are surrounded by history. Across the globe, cultural heritage (遗产) is passed down through the generations. Yet, we fight a never-ending and very expensive war to preserve it for the future. And today, it is under attack as never before. Technology is often seen as something that destroys the past. 16 . Creating copies via 2D images is extremely laborious and time-consuming. AI technologies are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing lots of images to be cross-referenced and stored in hours. 17 . AI will also make the restoration and preservation of existing cultural heritage far easier and is vastly superior to previous methods. Airborne technology (机载技术) is being increasingly used in the fight to preserve our cultural heritage. 18 . LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has already been used to reveal over 60,000 Mayan structures that were lying undiscovered in the jungles of Guatemala, without needing a single boot on the ground. Drones (无人机) are also being used to document and monitor huge areas and remove the need for all that costly manpower. Human interaction with the most important sites and architecture is doing a great deal of harm. Virtual Reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years. 19 , VR technology will gradually become the way that people experience them. We’ll all eventually be able to walk through places, look at (and touch!) artifacts and works of art without ever seeing them with our own eyes. 20 . Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will need to be pooled internationally. Using the technical expertise of specialist organizations will become ever more important to the sustainable promoting and preserving of the cultural heritage of countries all across the world. A．It is being used to save and find it B．Technology has shaped conflict in several ways C．But it is now the most essential weapon in the battle D．Our cultural heritage will be protected via technology E．This will enable even better and more accurate copies to be created F．As more cultural heritage sites and objects are digitally mapped and recorded G．When it measures distances by hitting a target and analyzing the reflected light 四、书面表达，25分。 21．最近你们班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：是否应该太空探险？请结合下表内容，用英语写一篇100词左右的文章，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你自己的观点 获得新的知识 耗资巨大 …… 从太空取得新资源 宇航员的安全问题 扩大人类的生存空间 …… Outer Space Explorations, YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it was necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲了小行星“2024YR4”可能在2032年撞击地球，中国科学家正密切观测并制定应对计划以保护地球的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Discovered in December, 2024, ‘2024YR4’ is thought to be 40 to 100 meters wide.”可知，这颗小行星的宽度在40到100米之间，与一个足球场的大小最接近。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据空后内容“Chinese scientists plan to make use of special telescopes...”可知，这一段开始介绍中国科学家在应对这颗小行星上的具体行动，因此此处是引出中国在其中扮演的重要角色。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“These telescopes, with powerful cameras and smart software, will help scientists observe the asteroid clearly...”可知，使用特殊望远镜是为了清晰地观测这颗小行星。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“To find out the asteroid’s path, China will use supercomputers to learn about its size, shape, speed and the influence of other planets’ gravity on it.”可知，超级计算机可以用来了解小行星的大小（a）、形状（e）、速度（c）以及其他行星引力对它的影响（d）。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕中国科学家为保护地球免受小行星“2024YR4”威胁所做的计划和行动展开，因此最适合的标题是“China’s Plan to Keep Earth Safe from an Asteroid”。故选B。 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．A 12．A 13．A 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国天宫空间站的建设历程，包括核心舱“天和”的发射、货运飞船的补给以及宇航员在空间站的工作与生活情况。 6．句意：中国人民长期梦想着探索太空。 固定搭配dream of doing sth.，意为“梦想做某事”，应用exploring。explore为动词原形，explored为过去式，explores为第三人称单数，均不符合dream of的搭配。 7．句意：它的名字来源于中国古代的传说。 根据常识，“天宫”之名源于中国古代神话“传说”，应用legends。stories“故事”、books“书”、songs“歌曲”均不如legends贴合神话色彩。 8．句意：核心舱“天和”于2021年被送入太空。 根据句意，核心舱是被“发射”到太空的，应用sent，表示“发射”。taken“带走”、brought“带来”、carried“携带”均不符合航天发射的语境。 9．句意：天舟二号运送了燃料、设备和补给。 货运飞船运送的是“补给物资”，应用supplies。food“食物”、water“水”、clothes“衣服”均不如supplies全面概括各类物资。 10．句意：后来，神舟十二号搭载了三名宇航员，他们花了三个月的时间测试设备。 固定搭配spend time doing sth.，意为“花时间做某事”，应用testing。test为原形，to test为不定式，tested为过去式，均不符合spend的搭配。 11．句意：自那以后，更多的舱段被添加。 根据上下文，空间站在持续建设中，应用added，表示“增加”。removed“移除”、lost“丢失”、found“发现”均不符合建设语境。 12．句意：宇航员们忙于做实验和收集数据。 空间站的主要任务是进行科学“实验”，应用experiments。sports“运动”、games“游戏”、tasks“任务”均不如experiments贴合航天科研主题。 13．句意：他们还可以进行太空行走，并且一天能看到16次日出，因为天宫运行速度很快。 根据句意，空间站在轨道上“运行”，应用travels，表示“移动、运行”。runs“跑”、walks“走”、flies“飞”虽也可描述运动，但travels更常用于天体/航天器的运行。 14．句意：我们可以用肉眼看到它。 固定搭配naked eye，意为“肉眼”，应用naked。left“左”、right“右”、big“大”均不符合此固定短语。 15．句意：它是一个在天空中移动的微小而闪亮的物体。 根据常识，空间站反射阳光，看起来是“闪亮的”小点，应用shiny。dark“黑暗的”、small“小的”、big“大的”均不如shiny符合观测实际。 16．C 17．E 18．A 19．F 20．D 【导语】本文主要探讨了技术在保护和传承文化遗产方面的重要作用，指出虽然技术常被视为破坏历史的工具，但它实际上已成为保护文化遗产的关键武器。 16．根据上文“Technology is often seen as something that destroys the past.”可知，上文核心观点为科技常被认为是会摧毁历史的事物，传递的是科技的消极影响；而下文内容均围绕科技在文化遗产保护方面的积极作用展开，上下文语义存在明显反差，因此空格处需填入表转折关系的内容，起到衔接上下文的作用。选项C“但它如今已成为这场战斗中最重要的武器”符合语境，故选C。 17．根据上文“AI technologies are being used to do all the required sourcing, allowing lots of images to be cross-referenced and stored in hours.”可知，上文提及了人工智能技术在资源检索、图片交叉比对及快速存储方面的应用，空格处需承接上文，补充说明该技术的具体用途。选项E“这将能制作出更优质、更精准的复制品”符合语境，故选E。 18．根据上文“Airborne technology (机载技术) is being increasingly used in the fight to preserve our cultural heritage.”可知，上文点明了机载技术正被愈发广泛地用于文化遗产保护工作，空格处需承接前文，说明该技术在文化遗产保护中具体发挥的作用。选项A“它正被用于保存和查找文化遗产”符合语境，故选A。 19．根据上文“Virtual Reality (VR) technology will play a leading role in preserving our cultural heritage in the coming years.”可知，上文核心是VR技术未来将在文化遗产保护中发挥主导作用；下文“VR technology will gradually become the way that people experience them.”则说明VR技术会成为人们体验文化遗产的方式。选项F“随着越来越多的文化遗产遗址与文物被进行数字化测绘和记录”起到承上启下的作用，符合语境，故选F。 20．根据下文“Efforts in research, data sharing and project work will need to be pooled internationally. Using the technical expertise of specialist organizations will become ever more important to the sustainable promoting and preserving of the cultural heritage of countries all across the world.”可知，下文核心提及要整合国际研究力量、借助专业机构技术能力，来推进全球文化遗产的可持续推广与保护，整体围绕技术对文化遗产保护的重要性展开总结。选项D“我们的文化遗产将通过技术手段得到保护”精准概括了本段核心主旨，符合语境，故选D。 21． 例文： Outer Space Explorations, YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it was necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. Some of us thought it was important to research the outer space because, first of all, people could get a better understanding of the outer space. Second, we could find new resources for humans to use. Third, these explorations could possibly enlarge new living space for human beings. However, others thought very differently. They said this kind of exploration cost too much money. Besides, it was very dangerous for astronauts to do such work. In my opinion, people should research the outer space and such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out. 【详解】1. 题干解读：这篇作文要求我们以“是否应该太空探险”为主题，根据表格提示，介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点，必要时可进行适当发挥。 2. 写作指导：审题可知，这篇短文应以第一、三人称和一般过去时为主来叙述，写作时承接开头，要写出同学们赞同或反对的理由，清楚地表明自己的看法，注意主谓一致，保证无语法和单词拼写错误。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $