2026年中考英语动词词义辨析 每日1组背诵&自测清单

2026-04-29
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2026年中考英语动词词义辨析 每日1组背诵+自测清单 使用说明:1. 每日完成1组,先背诵“核心内容”,再做“自测题”,核对答案;2. 重点标注易错点,反复巩固;3. 排版适配A4打印,可直接复制打印使用。 第1组:“说”类(必考)—— say / speak / talk / tell 一、核心背诵(必记) · say(及物):强调“说的内容” → 搭配:say sth (to sb) · 例句:He said “hello” to me.(他对我说了“你好”。) · speak(及/不及物):强调“说话能力、语言、发言” → 搭配:speak+语言;speak to sb · 例句:She can speak French.(她会说法语。) · talk(不及物):强调“双向交谈” → 搭配:talk to/with sb;talk about sth · 例句:They are talking about the movie.(他们正在谈论这部电影。) · tell(及物):强调“告知、讲述” → 搭配:tell sb sth;tell a story/lie · 例句:Tell me your name.(告诉我你的名字。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. He ______ he would come back soon.(2025年某地中考真题) A. spoke B. said C. talked D. told ( ) 2. My sister can ______ three languages fluently. A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:强调“说的内容”(他说他很快会回来),用say;speak强调语言/发言,talk强调交谈,tell强调告知,均不符合。 2. C 解析:speak+语言,固定搭配,意为“说某种语言”。 第2组:“花费”类(必考)—— spend / take / cost / pay 一、核心背诵(必记) · spend(人作主语):花费时间/金钱 → 搭配:spend time/money (in) doing sth / on sth · 例句:I spent 2 hours on homework.(我花了2小时做作业。) · take(it作形式主语):花费时间 → 搭配:It takes sb time to do sth · 例句:It took me 2 hours to finish homework.(我花了2小时完成作业。) · cost(物作主语):花费金钱 → 搭配:sth costs sb money · 例句:The bike cost me 300 yuan.(这辆自行车花了我300元。) · pay(人作主语):支付金钱 → 搭配:pay money for sth;pay sb · 例句:I paid 300 yuan for the bike.(我花300元买了这辆自行车。) 口诀:人spend,it take,物cost,人pay for(记口诀,秒区分) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. It ______ me two hours to finish reading this book yesterday. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid ( ) 2. My mother ______ 500 yuan on this dress last week. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:it作形式主语,搭配take sb time to do sth,时态为过去时,用took。 2. A 解析:人作主语,搭配spend...on sth,过去时用spent;pay搭配for,cost物作主语,均不符合。 第3组:“借”类(必考)—— borrow / lend / keep 一、核心背诵(必记) · borrow(借入,短暂性动词):从某人处借某物 → 搭配:borrow sth from sb · 例句:I borrowed a book from the library.(我从图书馆借了一本书。) · lend(借出,短暂性动词):把某物借给某人 → 搭配:lend sth to sb = lend sb sth · 例句:I lent my pen to him.(我把我的笔借给了他。) · keep(保留,延续性动词):表示“借多久”,与for/since连用 → 搭配:keep sth for+时间段 · 例句:You can keep the book for 2 weeks.(这本书你可以借2周。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. Can I ______ your dictionary? I left mine at home. A. lend B. borrow C. keep D. take ( ) 2. You can ______ this magazine for three days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:表示“借入”,向对方借字典,用borrow;lend表示借出,keep表示保留(需与时间段连用),不符合语境。 2. C 解析:for three days是时间段,需用延续性动词keep;borrow和lend是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用。 第4组:“带来/带走”类—— bring / take / fetch / carry 一、核心背诵(必记) · bring:带来(朝着说话者的方向) → 搭配:bring sth/sb to+地点 · 例句:Bring me a glass of water.(给我带一杯水来。) · take:带走(远离说话者的方向) → 搭配:take sth/sb to+地点 · 例句:Take this bag to the room.(把这个包带到房间去。) · fetch:去取来(往返动作,先去后回) → 搭配:fetch sth from+地点 · 例句:Go fetch a book from my desk.(去我的书桌拿一本书来。) · carry:搬运、携带(无明确方向,强调“扛、抱、提”的动作) · 例句:Can you carry this heavy box?(你能搬这个重箱子吗?) 口诀:bring来take去,fetch往返取,carry随身携 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. ______ your homework to school tomorrow, please. A. Take B. Bring C. Fetch D. Carry ( ) 2. My father asked me to ______ some milk from the supermarket. A. bring B. take C. fetch D. carry 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:明天把作业带到学校(朝着说话者/学校的方向),用bring;take表示带走,不符合语境。 2. C 解析:去超市取牛奶(往返动作:先去超市,再回来),用fetch;bring强调带来,take强调带走,均不符合。 第5组:“到达”类—— get / arrive / reach 一、核心背诵(必记) · get(不及物动词):后接to+地点;接副词(home/here/there)时,不用to · 例句:I get to school at 7:30 every morning.(我每天早上7:30到学校。);I get home at 6:00.(我6点到家。) · arrive(不及物动词):arrive in+大地点(城市、国家等);arrive at+小地点(车站、公园等) · 例句:She arrived in Beijing yesterday.(她昨天到达北京。);He arrived at the station just now.(他刚才到达车站。) · reach(及物动词):直接接地点,不用加介词 · 例句:We reached the park at 9 o’clock.(我们9点到达公园。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. When did you ______ Shanghai last week? A. get B. arrive C. reach D. arrive in ( ) 2. My brother will ______ home at 8 this evening. A. get to B. arrive C. reach to D. arrive at 三、答案+解析 1. C 解析:reach是及物动词,直接接地点Shanghai;get需加to,arrive需加in,均不符合题干结构。 2. B 解析:home是副词,get后不加to,arrive后不加介词,reach是及物动词,后直接接home(不用to),结合选项,选B。 第6组:“参加”类—— join / join in / take part in / attend 一、核心背诵(必记) · join:加入组织、团体、人群,成为其中一员 → 搭配:join the army/club/team · 例句:He joined the music club last term.(他上学期加入了音乐俱乐部。) · join in:参加正在进行的小型活动(游戏、讨论、谈话等) → 搭配:join in the game/discussion · 例句:Can I join in your talk?(我能加入你们的谈话吗?) · take part in:参加正式、大型的集体活动,强调“主动参与” → 搭配:take part in the sports meeting/competition · 例句:She took part in the school sports meeting last year.(她去年参加了学校运动会。) · attend:出席会议、讲座、婚礼等,强调“到场、出席”,不强调参与感 → 搭配:attend a meeting/lecture · 例句:My father will attend a meeting tomorrow.(我爸爸明天要去开会。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. Many students ______ the English speech competition last month. A. joined B. joined in C. took part in D. attended ( ) 2. My sister wants to ______ the dancing club. A. join B. take part in C. attend D. join in 三、答案+解析 1. C 解析:英语演讲比赛是正式的集体活动,强调主动参与,用take part in;join加入组织,join in加入小型活动,attend强调出席,均不符合。 2. A 解析:dancing club是俱乐部(组织),加入组织用join;take part in和join in用于活动,attend用于会议等,不符合。 第7组:易混拼写—— lie / lay(躺/撒谎/放置) 一、核心背诵(必记) · lie (vi.) 躺;位于(无宾语)→ 过去式:lay;过去分词:lain;现在分词:lying · 例句:He lay on the sofa yesterday.(他昨天躺在沙发上。);The city lies in the south.(这座城市位于南方。) · lie (vi.) 撒谎(无宾语)→ 过去式:lied;过去分词:lied;现在分词:lying · 例句:Don’t lie to me.(别对我说谎。);He lied about his age.(他在年龄上撒了谎。) · lay (vt.) 放置;下蛋(有宾语)→ 过去式:laid;过去分词:laid;现在分词:laying · 例句:She laid the book on the desk.(她把书放在了桌子上。);The hen lays an egg every day.(这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。) 口诀:躺过lay,撒谎lied,放置laid(记口诀,避免拼写错误) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. He ______ on the grass and looked at the sky just now. A. lay B. lied C. laid D. lying ( ) 2. My mother ______ my bag on the chair and went out. A. lie B. laid C. lay D. lied 三、答案+解析 1. A 解析:句意“他刚才躺在草地上看天空”,“躺”的过去式是lay;lied是“撒谎”的过去式,laid是“放置”的过去式,均不符合。 2. B 解析:句意“我妈妈把我的包放在椅子上然后出去了”,“放置”的过去式是laid;lay是“躺”的过去式,lied是“撒谎”的过去式,不符合。 第8组:“上升”类—— rise / raise 一、核心背诵(必记) · rise (vi.) 上升;升起:自然发生的上升,无宾语(不用被动)→ 过去式:rose;过去分词:risen · 例句:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。);The water level is rising.(水位正在上升。) · raise (vt.) 举起;抬高;筹集:人为的动作,有宾语(可用于被动)→ 过去式:raised;过去分词:raised · 例句:Raise your hand if you know the answer.(知道答案的请举手。);They raised a lot of money for charity.(他们为慈善筹集了很多钱。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west. A. raises B. rises C. raised D. rose ( ) 2. The teacher asked us to ______ our hands before speaking. A. rise B. raises C. raise D. rose 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:太阳升起是自然现象,用rise,时态为一般现在时,主语是单数,用rises;raise是人为动作,不符合。 2. C 解析:“举手”是人为动作,用raise,ask sb to do sth,后接动词原形,选C;rise无宾语,不符合。 第9组:“发现/发明/创造”类—— discover / invent / create 一、核心背诵(必记) · discover:发现“原本就存在,但未被人知晓”的事物 → 搭配:discover+事物/地点 · 例句:Columbus discovered America in 1492.(哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。) · invent:发明“原本不存在,人为创造出来”的新事物 → 搭配:invent+发明物 · 例句:Edison invented the light bulb.(爱迪生发明了电灯。) · create:创作、创造“有创意的事物(艺术、理论、作品等)”,强调“原创性” · 例句:The artist created a beautiful painting.(这位艺术家创作了一幅漂亮的画。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. Scientists ______ a new kind of medicine to treat the disease. A. discovered B. invented C. created D. found ( ) 2. Newton ______ the law of gravity by accident. A. invented B. created C. discovered D. made 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:新药是“原本不存在,人为发明的”,用invented;discover发现已存在的事物,create侧重创作,不符合。 2. C 解析:万有引力定律是“原本就存在,被牛顿发现的”,用discovered;invent和create均表示“创造新事物”,不符合。 第10组:“提供”类—— provide / offer / supply 一、核心背诵(必记) · provide:提供“所需的物品、服务”,侧重“供给” → 搭配:provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb · 例句:The school provides students with free books.(学校为学生提供免费课本。) · offer:主动提出提供,侧重“主动给予” → 搭配:offer sb sth = offer sth to sb;offer to do sth(主动提出做某事) · 例句:He offered me a cup of tea.(他主动给了我一杯茶。);She offered to help me.(她主动提出帮我。) · supply:批量提供“物资、原料”,侧重“大量供给” → 搭配:supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb · 例句:The factory supplies water to the city.(这家工厂为城市提供水。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. My friend ______ to help me with my English yesterday. A. provided B. offered C. supplied D. gave ( ) 2. The government ______ food and clothes for the homeless people. A. offered B. provided C. supplied D. gave 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:“主动提出帮忙”,用offer to do sth;provide和supply无此搭配,gave不符合语境。 2. B 解析:“为无家可归的人提供食物和衣服”,侧重“供给所需”,用provide sth for sb;offer侧重主动给予,supply侧重批量供给,不符合。 第11组:“收到/接受”类—— receive / accept 一、核心背诵(必记) · receive:客观上“收到、接到”,不强调主观是否愿意接受(无主动选择)→ 搭配:receive sth · 例句:I received a letter from my pen pal yesterday.(我昨天收到了笔友的一封信。) · accept:主观上“接受、认可”,强调自愿接收(有主动选择)→ 搭配:accept sth/sb · 例句:She accepted my invitation to the party.(她接受了我去派对的邀请。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. He ______ a gift from his friend but he didn’t ______ it. A. received; accept B. accepted; receive C. received; receive D. accepted; accept ( ) 2. My teacher ______ my apology and forgave me. A. received B. accepted C. got D. took 三、答案+解析 1. A 解析:第一空“客观收到礼物”用received;第二空“主观不接受”用accept,符合句意“他收到了朋友的礼物,但没有接受”。 2. B 解析:“接受道歉”是主观认可,用accept;receive仅表示“收到”,不强调态度,不符合语境。 第12组:“看/听”类—— look/see/watch/notice;listen/hear 一、核心背诵(必记) (一)看类:look / see / watch / notice · look(不及物):强调“看的动作”,需搭配介词at → 搭配:look at sth/sb · 例句:Look at the blackboard carefully.(仔细看黑板。) · see(及物):强调“看的结果”,即“看见、看到” → 搭配:see sth/sb;see sb do/doing sth · 例句:I saw him go into the classroom.(我看见他走进了教室。) · watch(及物):强调“观看动态的事物”(电视、比赛、表演等)→ 搭配:watch TV/game/show · 例句:We watch the football match every weekend.(我们每个周末看足球比赛。) · notice(及物):强调“偶然注意到、察觉到” → 搭配:notice sth/sb;notice sb do/doing sth · 例句:I noticed a strange man at the gate.(我注意到门口有一个陌生男人。) (二)听类:listen / hear · listen(不及物):强调“听的动作”,需搭配介词to → 搭配:listen to sth/sb · 例句:Listen to the teacher carefully in class.(上课认真听老师讲课。) · hear(及物):强调“听的结果”,即“听到、听见” → 搭配:hear sth/sb;hear sb do/doing sth · 例句:I heard someone singing in the next room.(我听到隔壁房间有人在唱歌。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. ______! There is a car coming. A. See B. Watch C. Look D. Notice ( ) 2. I ______ him talking on the phone, but I didn’t ______ what he said. A. listened; hear B. heard; listen C. listened to; hear D. heard; listen to 三、答案+解析 1. C 解析:句意“看!有车过来了”,强调“看的动作”,用look(单独使用,提醒注意);see强调结果,watch强调观看动态,notice强调偶然注意,均不符合。 2. C 解析:第一空“听他打电话”是动作,用listen to;第二空“没听到他说的话”是结果,用hear;listen是不及物动词,需加to,hear是及物动词,直接接宾语。 第13组:“开始/结束”类—— start / begin / finish / end 一、核心背诵(必记) · start = begin:均表示“开始”,可互换 → 搭配:start/begin to do sth;start/begin doing sth(两者无明显区别) · 例句:He started/began to learn English when he was 6.(他6岁开始学英语。);It started/began raining.(开始下雨了。) · finish:表示“完成、结束”,后接动名词(不能接不定式)→ 搭配:finish doing sth · 例句:I finished doing my homework at 9 last night.(我昨晚9点完成了作业。) · end:表示“结束、终止”,可作动词或名词 → 搭配:sth ends;end with sth(以……结束) · 例句:The meeting ended at 5 o’clock.(会议5点结束了。);The party ended with a song.(派对以一首歌结束。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. She ______ to cook dinner as soon as she got home. A. started B. finished C. ended D. began to ( ) 2. You can’t go out until you ______ your homework. A. start B. begin C. finish D. end 三、答案+解析 1. A 解析:句意“她一到家就开始做晚饭”,start to do sth(开始做某事),符合语境;finished和ended表示“结束”,不符合;began后已接to,重复,排除D。 2. C 解析:句意“你完成作业才能出去”,finish doing sth(完成做某事),固定搭配;start和begin表示“开始”,end侧重“事件终止”,均不符合。 第14组:“忘记/记得/提醒”类—— forget / remember / remind 一、核心背诵(必记) · forget:忘记 → 搭配:forget to do sth(忘记要做某事,事情未做);forget doing sth(忘记做过某事,事情已做) · 例句:I forgot to close the window.(我忘记关窗户了。→ 窗户没关);I forgot closing the window.(我忘记已经关过窗户了。→ 窗户已关) · remember:记得 → 搭配:remember to do sth(记得要做某事,事情未做);remember doing sth(记得做过某事,事情已做) · 例句:Remember to bring your notebook tomorrow.(记得明天带笔记本。→ 未带);I remember meeting her before.(我记得以前见过她。→ 已见过) · remind:提醒、使想起 → 搭配:remind sb to do sth(提醒某人做某事);remind sb of sth(使某人想起某事) · 例句:She reminded me to take the medicine.(她提醒我吃药。);This photo reminds me of my childhood.(这张照片让我想起了我的童年。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. Don’t ______ to turn off the light when you leave the room. A. remember B. forget C. remind D. stop ( ) 2. I ______ him of the meeting, but he still didn’t come. A. reminded B. forgot C. remembered D. told 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:句意“离开房间时别忘了关灯”,forget to do sth(忘记要做某事),符合语境;remember表示“记得”,remind表示“提醒”,stop表示“停止”,均不符合。 2. A 解析:“提醒某人某事”用remind sb of sth,固定搭配;forget和remember无此搭配,told不符合语境。 第15组:“停止/继续”类—— stop / go on / keep 一、核心背诵(必记) · stop:停止 → 搭配:stop to do sth(停下来,去做另一件事);stop doing sth(停止正在做的事) · 例句:He stopped to drink water.(他停下来,去喝水。→ 停止当前动作,做喝水这件事);He stopped drinking water.(他停止喝水。→ 停止正在做的喝水动作) · go on:继续 → 搭配:go on to do sth(接着做另一件事,前后动作不同);go on doing sth(继续做同一件事,前后动作相同) · 例句:He finished his homework and went on to read a book.(他做完作业,接着去看书。→ 不同动作);He went on reading the book.(他继续看书。→ 同一动作) · keep:保持、一直做 → 搭配:keep doing sth(一直做某事);keep sb doing sth(让某人一直做某事) · 例句:She kept working all night.(她整晚都在工作。);The teacher kept us waiting for 10 minutes.(老师让我们等了10分钟。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. When the teacher came in, the students ______ talking at once. A. stopped to B. stopped C. went on D. kept ( ) 2. After resting for a while, we ______ working on the project. A. stopped to B. went on to C. went on D. kept to 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:句意“老师进来时,学生们立刻停止了说话”,stop doing sth(停止正在做的事),此处talking作宾语,stop后直接接动名词,选B。 2. C 解析:句意“休息一会儿后,我们继续做这个项目”,go on doing sth(继续做同一件事),此处省略doing,直接用go on;go on to do sth接另一件事,不符合语境。 第16组:“成功/努力”类—— succeed / try / manage 一、核心背诵(必记) · succeed(不及物):成功,强调“成功做到某事” → 搭配:succeed in doing sth · 例句:He succeeded in passing the exam.(他成功通过了考试。) · try:尝试、努力 → 搭配:try to do sth(努力做某事,侧重过程,不一定成功);try doing sth(尝试做某事,侧重尝试新方法) · 例句:I tried to finish the work on time, but I failed.(我努力按时完成工作,但失败了。);Try drinking some hot water, it may help.(试试喝点热水,可能有用。) · manage:设法做到,强调“经过努力,最终成功” → 搭配:manage to do sth · 例句:He managed to finish the work alone.(他设法独自完成了工作。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. He ______ in solving the difficult problem after trying many times. A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. failed ( ) 2. She ______ to carry the heavy box, and she did it finally. A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. tried doing 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:succeed in doing sth(成功做某事),固定搭配,符合句意“尝试很多次后,他成功解决了这道难题”;try后接to do/doing,manage后接to do,均不符合题干结构。 2. C 解析:manage to do sth(设法做到某事,强调结果成功),符合句意“她设法搬起了这个重箱子,最后做到了”;try to do侧重过程,不一定成功,succeed后接in doing,不符合。 第17组:“允许/建议/禁止”类—— allow / advise / suggest / prevent 一、核心背诵(必记) · allow:允许 → 搭配:allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事);allow doing sth(允许做某事);be allowed to do sth(被允许做某事) · 例句:My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.(我父母允许我周末看电视。);We don’t allow smoking here.(我们不允许在这里抽烟。) · advise:建议 → 搭配:advise sb to do sth(建议某人做某事);advise doing sth(建议做某事) · 例句:The doctor advised me to exercise more.(医生建议我多锻炼。);He advised going there by bus.(他建议坐公交车去那里。) · suggest:建议 → 搭配:suggest doing sth(建议做某事);suggest (that) sb (should) do sth(建议某人做某事,should可省略) · 例句:She suggested having a picnic this weekend.(她建议这个周末去野餐。);I suggest he (should) come early.(我建议他早点来。) · prevent/stop/keep:禁止、阻止 → 搭配:prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth(阻止某人做某事) · 例句:We should prevent people from cutting down trees.(我们应该阻止人们砍树。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. Our teacher doesn’t ______ us to use mobile phones in class. A. advise B. suggest C. allow D. prevent ( ) 2. She ______ going to the park this afternoon, but we didn’t agree. A. advised B. suggested C. allowed D. prevented 三、答案+解析 1. C 解析:allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事),符合句意“我们老师不允许我们在课堂上用手机”;advise和suggest后接sb to do sth需加that从句,prevent后接from doing,均不符合。 2. B 解析:suggest doing sth(建议做某事),固定搭配;advise doing sth也可,但结合语境,suggest更侧重“提出建议”,符合句意;allowed和prevented不符合语境。 第18组:“变成”类—— get / turn / become / grow 一、核心背诵(必记) · get:口语化,侧重“逐渐变化”,可接比较级、情绪、天气等 → 搭配:get+形容词/比较级 · 例句:It’s getting dark.(天快黑了。);He gets angrier easily.(他更容易生气了。) · turn:侧重“颜色、性质的突然变化”,后接形容词(多为颜色),不加冠词 → 搭配:turn+形容词/颜色 · 例句:The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄了。);The milk turned bad.(牛奶变质了。) · become:正式用语,侧重“身份、状态的变化”,可接名词或形容词 → 搭配:become+名词/形容词 · 例句:She became a teacher when she was 22.(她22岁时成为了一名老师。);He became happy after hearing the news.(听到这个消息后,他变得开心了。) · grow:侧重“逐渐成长、变化”,强调过程 → 搭配:grow+形容词/名词 · 例句:The child is growing tall.(这个孩子正在长高。);He grew into a strong man.(他长成了一个强壮的男人。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. The sky ______ dark, so we had to go home quickly. A. turned B. got C. became D. grew ( ) 2. She ______ a famous singer after years of hard work. A. got B. turned C. became D. grew 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:“天变黑”是逐渐变化,口语化表达,用get dark;turn侧重颜色突然变化,become侧重状态正式变化,grow侧重成长过程,均不符合。 2. C 解析:“成为著名歌手”是身份的变化,正式表达,用become;get和turn后接名词需加冠词,grow侧重逐渐成长,不符合。 第19组:“想/希望”类—— hope / wish / expect 一、核心背诵(必记) · hope:希望,侧重“可实现的愿望” → 搭配:hope to do sth;hope (that) 从句(从句用陈述语气) · 例句:I hope to visit Beijing next year.(我希望明年去北京旅游。);I hope he will come.(我希望他会来。) · wish:希望、祝愿,侧重“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望” → 搭配:wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish (that) 从句(从句用虚拟语气) · 例句:I wish to have a new bike.(我希望有一辆新自行车。);I wish you to be happy.(我祝愿你开心。);I wish I could fly.(我希望我能飞。→ 不可能实现) · expect:期待、预料,侧重“对某事的预期” → 搭配:expect to do sth;expect sb to do sth · 例句:I expect to get a good grade in the exam.(我期待在考试中取得好成绩。);My parents expect me to study hard.(我父母期待我努力学习。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. I ______ I could go to the moon one day. A. hope B. wish C. expect D. want ( ) 2. My parents ______ me to get good grades in the final exam. A. hope B. wish C. expect D. hope to 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:“有一天能去月球”是难以实现的愿望,用wish,从句用虚拟语气(could);hope侧重可实现的愿望,expect侧重预期,均不符合。 2. C 解析:expect sb to do sth(期待某人做某事),固定搭配;hope不能接sb to do sth,wish侧重“祝愿”,不符合语境。 第20组:“决定/计划”类—— decide / plan / intend 一、核心背诵(必记) · decide:决定,侧重“经过思考后做出选择” → 搭配:decide to do sth;decide on sth(决定某事) · 例句:I decided to study English harder.(我决定更努力地学英语。);He decided on the red shirt.(他决定买那件红色的衬衫。) · plan:计划,侧重“为某事制定计划” → 搭配:plan to do sth;plan sth · 例句:We plan to go on a trip this summer.(我们计划今年夏天去旅行。);She planned a birthday party for her mother.(她为妈妈策划了一场生日派对。) · intend:打算、意图,侧重“内心的想法和打算” → 搭配:intend to do sth · 例句:I intend to finish this work by Friday.(我打算周五前完成这项工作。) 二、自测题(中考题型) ( ) 1. After thinking for a long time, he ______ to accept the job. A. planned B. decided C. intended D. wanted ( ) 2. They ______ to visit their grandparents next weekend. A. decide B. plan C. intend D. decide on 三、答案+解析 1. B 解析:“思考很久后做出选择”,用decide to do sth,符合语境;plan侧重“计划”,intend侧重“内心打算”,均不符合“经过思考做选择”的含义。 2. B 解析:“计划下周末去看望祖父母”,用plan to do sth,符合“制定计划”的含义;decide侧重“决定”,intend侧重“内心打算”,decide on后接名词,不符合。 附加:中考高频动词搭配(只接doing / 只接to do)(可单独打印,每日背诵5个) 一、只接doing的高频动词(10个,必记) finish(完成)、practice(练习)、enjoy(喜欢)、mind(介意)、keep(保持)、miss(错过)、suggest(建议)、avoid(避免)、admit(承认)、imagine(想象) 例句:She practices speaking English every day.(她每天练习说英语。);I avoid eating junk food.(我避免吃垃圾食品。) 二、只接to do的高频动词(15个,必记) decide(决定)、plan(计划)、hope(希望)、wish(希望)、expect(期待)、want(想要)、learn(学习)、promise(承诺)、refuse(拒绝)、agree(同意)、afford(负担得起)、manage(设法)、fail(失败)、prepare(准备)、offer(主动提出) 例句:He decided to go to college.(他决定去上大学。);She promised to help me.(她承诺帮我。) 11. 收到/接受类:receive / accept 12. 看/听类:look/see/watch/notice;listen/hear 13. 开始/结束类:start/begin/finish/end 14. 忘记/记得/提醒类:forget/remember/remind 15. 停止/继续类:stop/go on/keep 16. 成功/努力类:succeed/try/manage 17. 允许/建议/禁止类:allow/advise/suggest/prevent 18. 变成类:get/turn/become/grow 19. 想/希望类:hope/wish/expect 20. 决定/计划类:decide/plan/intend 附加:中考高频动词搭配(只接doing / 只接to do)(单独打印,每日背诵5个) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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2026年中考英语动词词义辨析 每日1组背诵&自测清单
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2026年中考英语动词词义辨析 每日1组背诵&自测清单
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2026年中考英语动词词义辨析 每日1组背诵&自测清单
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