Unit 8 World Cultural Spots Language in Use 课件2025-2026学年中职英语语文版（2022）基础模块2

英语·基础模块2 Entertaining Activities 娱乐活动 Unit 8-(3) 一、知识目标 1. 理解直接引语、间接引语的概念与区别。 2. 掌握人称、时态、时间状语、引导词四大变化规则。 3. 掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句变间接引语的结构。 4. 能正确完成句子改写、填空、翻译等语法练习。 教学目标 二、能力目标 1. 能准确将直接引语改为间接引语。 2. 能在口语与写作中正确转述他人话语。 3. 能识别并纠正引语转换中的常见错误。 三、情感目标 1. 培养严谨的语法运用习惯。 2. 提升英语句式转换与逻辑表达能力。 3. 增强用英语准确转述信息的自信。 一、教学重点 1. 人称变化：一随主、二随宾、三不变。 2. 时态倒退规则（主句为过去时）。 3. 时间 / 地点状语变化：now→then；here→there 等。 4. 三类句式转换： 陈述句：that 引导 疑问句：if/whether 或疑问词引导 祈使句：tell/ask sb. (not) to do 教学重难点 二、教学难点 1. 时态倒退的准确运用（一般现在→一般过去等）。 2. 客观真理 / 历史事实时态不变的特殊情况。 3. 间接引语必须使用陈述语序。 4. 祈使句的结构转换（to do 结构）。 直接引语和间接引语 一、基础概念 直接引语：原封不动地引用别人的话，放在引号里。 例：He said, “I like English.” 间接引语：转述别人的话，不用引号，用宾语从句的形式。 例：He said (that) he liked English. Grammar 二、核心变化规则 1. 人称变化（口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变） 第一人称（I/me/my/we/us/our） 随主句主语变化 He said, “I am happy.” → He said he was happy. 第二人称（you/your） 随主句宾语变化 She told me, “You are right.” → She told me I was right. 第三人称（he/she/it/they/his/her/their） 不变 Tom said, “She is nice.” → Tom said she was nice. 2. 时态变化（主句为过去时，从句时态 “退一格”） 主句动词是 said/told/asked 等过去时，从句时态要倒退；主句是现在 / 将来时，从句时态不变。 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “I live here.” → He said he lived there. 现在进行时 过去进行时 She said, “I am reading.” → She said she was reading. 现在完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I have finished.” → He said he had finished. 一般过去时 过去完成时 She said, “I saw it.” → She said she had seen it. 一般将来时 过去将来时 He said, “I will go.” → He said he would go. ❗ 时态不变的特殊情况 1. 客观真理 / 科学事实 / 谚语： 例：The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.” → The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 2. 有具体过去时间状语（如 in 2008, yesterday 表过去）： 例：He said, “I was born in 2000.” → He said he was born in 2000. 3. 情态动词 could/would/should/might 不变，must 可变为 had to。 3. 时间 / 地点 / 指示代词变化格 直接引语 间接引语 now then today that day yesterday the day before / the previous day tomorrow the next day / the following day here there this that these those 例：He said, “I will come here tomorrow.” → He said he would go there the next day. 4. 句式变化（按直接引语的句子类型） （1）陈述句 结构：主句 + that + 陈述语序（that 可省略） 例：She said, “I like apples.” → She said (that) she liked apples. （2）一般疑问句 结构：主句 + if/whether + 陈述语序 例：He asked, “Do you like cats?” → He asked if/whether I liked cats. （3）特殊疑问句 结构：主句 + 疑问词 + 陈述语序 例：She asked, “Where do you live?” → She asked where I lived. （4）祈使句 结构：tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do sth. 例：He said, “Open the door.” → He told me to open the door. 例：She said, “Don’t run.” → She told me not to run. 1. Read and pay attention to the changes of the sentences. 1)直接引语：My teacher said to me, “The Yellow River is a symbol of the spirit of Chinese people.” 翻译：我的老师对我说：“黄河是中华民族精神的象征。” 间接引语：My teacher told me that the Yellow River is a symbol of the spirit of Chinese people. 翻译：我的老师告诉我，黄河是中华民族精神的象征。 said to sb. 变为 told sb.：表示 “对某人说”，在间接引语中通常改为 told。 加引导词 that：陈述句的间接引语用 that 引导。 时态不变：因为黄河的属性是客观真理，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 2) 直接引语：“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. 翻译：“下次你要更小心一点。” 我爸爸告诉我。 间接引语：My father told me that I should be more careful next time. 翻译：我爸爸告诉我，下次我要更小心一点。 人称变化：You → I（根据说话对象变化）。 情态动词 should 不变：should 表示建议，在间接引语中保持不变。 时间状语 next time 不变：这里 next time 指说话后的下一次，不需要改变。 3) 直接引语：She said, “They are reading now.” 翻译：她说：“他们现在正在读书。” 间接引语：She said that they were reading then. 翻译：她说他们那时正在读书。 时态变化：现在进行时 are reading → 过去进行时 were reading（主句 said 是过去时，从句时态倒退）。 时间状语变化：now → then（现在 → 那时）。 4) 直接引语：He said, “I went to college in 2008.” 翻译：他说：“我 2008 年上了大学。” 间接引语：He said that he went to college in 2008. 翻译：他说他 2008 年上了大学。 人称变化：I → he。 时态不变：因为 in 2008 是具体的过去时间，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般过去时。 1. 直接引语：原句 + 引号；间接引语：转述 + 宾语从句。 2. 四大变化：人称、时态、状语、引导词。 3. 关键口诀： 人称：一随主，二随宾，三不变。 时态：主句过去，从句退一格；客观真理永不变。 4. 句式转换： 陈述用 that；疑问用 if/whether/ 疑问词；祈使用 to do。 5. 牢记：间接引语一律用陈述语序。 课堂小结 2. Read and fill in the blanks 1) He said, “I seldom eat carrots.” He said that he seldom ate carrots. 解析： 人称 I → he 时态：一般现在时 eat → 一般过去时 ate 课堂小测 2)“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. He told me that he had found his wallet. 解析： said to me → told me 人称 I → he；my → his 时态：现在完成时 have found → 过去完成时 had found 3)“I took it home with me,” she said. She said that she had taken it home with her. 解析： 人称 I → she；me → her 时态：一般过去时 took → 过去完成时 had taken 4)“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he had met her the day before. 解析： said to me → told me 时态：一般过去时 met → 过去完成时 had met 时间状语 yesterday → the day before（昨天 → 前一天） 3. Rewrite the sentences e.g. Danny: The Yellow River is wide and long. → Danny said that the Yellow River is wide and long. （客观真理，时态不变） 1) Li Ming: It is more than 5,400 kilometres long. → Li Ming said that it is more than 5,400 kilometres long. 解析：黄河的长度是客观事实，时态不变，人称不变。 2) Jenny: The Yellow River is similar to our Nile River. → Jenny said that the Yellow River is similar to their Nile River. 解析： our → their（Jenny 是非洲游客，转述时用第三人称复数） 客观属性，时态不变。 3) Li Ming: The Silk Road crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou. → Li Ming said that the Silk Road crossed the Yellow River in Lanzhou. 解析：丝绸之路穿过黄河是历史事实，时态不变（也可以用过去完成时 had crossed，但这里是客观历史，用一般过去时即可）。 4) Li Ming: It was the first bridge over the Yellow River. → Li Ming said that it was the first bridge over the Yellow River. 解析：主句是过去时，从句是过去时，时态保持不变，人称不变。 4. Read and translate the sentences 1) 那个导游告诉游客，故宫有 9,999 个房间。 The guide told the tourists that the Palace Museum has 9,999 rooms. 故宫的房间数是客观事实，时态不变，用 told sb. that... 结构。 2) 老师说：“上网查找一些关于埃及的介绍。” The teacher said, “Search for the introduction to Egypt online.” The teacher told us to search for the introduction to Egypt online. 解析：祈使句变间接引语，用 told sb. to do sth. 结构。 3) 这位教授在发言中讲到，“一带一路” 伙伴国家越来越多。 The professor said in his speech that there are more and more Belt and Road partner countries. “一带一路” 是专有名词 Belt and Road，间接引语中用 said that... 引导，客观事实时态不变。 1. 抄写直接引语变间接引语规则1 遍，背诵口诀。 2. 完成课本上所有语法填空、改写句子练习，订正错题。 作业布置 $