内容正文:
八年级上册 Unit5 Play by the rules?
教学任务:
一、单元基本词汇+词组;
二、单元主要语法:
动词不定式作目的状语
三、单元写作阅读话题:
遵守规则,网络安全
教学目标:一、 能够掌握本单元的基础词汇和词组;
二、能掌握并运用单元重点语法;
主语
宾语补
足语
目的
状语
宾语
不定式的用法
为了回家
为了......
为了......
Grammar
不定式(to do sth.)在句中表示行为动作的目的,作目的状语。
in order to do sth.和so as to do sth.也常用于表示行为动作的目的
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式(to do sth) 用作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的 (做某事是为了什么) ,可位于句首也可位于句末。
I had to work hard to earn money.
= To earn money, I had to work hard.
我不得不努力工作赚钱。
He stayed at home to finish his homework.
=
他留在家完成作业。
To finish his homework, he stayed at home.
People wear seat belts in car to /in order to /so as to stay safe on the road.
Sally arrived at the train station before 6:00 am. to /in order to /so as to catch the earliest train.
I listened carefully in maths class to /in order to /so as to improve my grades.
and cleaned up the mess
write to do sth.写信做某事
leave+地点+to do sth.离开某地去做某事
write sth. to do sth.写某物做某事
share sth. to do sth.
分享某物做某事
4. 否定形式在in order to do或so as to do 的to前加not:
in order not to do / so as not to do
eg:
1.I set my alarm early so as not to miss the first train.我把闹钟设得很早,以免错过首班火车。
2.I have to write down in order not to foeget.
为了不忘记,我不得不把它写下来。
注意:作目的状语to,in order to 一般都可以放在句首或句中,
但是so as to 一般不放在句首。
主语
宾语补
足语
目的
状语
宾语
不定式的用法
常见的不定式做主语:
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
某人花时间做......
It be +形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.
(对某人来说)做......是.......的
Unit5
play by the rules
PartA:
Reading:Rules
和规则有关的文章
Starting out:Video:
Rules around us
PartB:
Reading for writing:
Are you safe online?
Developing ideas:
To be, or not to be.
follow rules/break rules
PartC:Grammars--
use infinitive as purpose
follow the rules
遵守规则
词性转换:可转换为形容词opposite:相反的;对面的
eg:in the opposite direction(在相反的方向)
常见搭配:
be opposite to(与……相反;在……对面)
eg:The hospital is opposite to the school.(医院在学校的对面。)
课文原文:Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.
突然,坐在我对面的女孩开始用手机大声放音乐。
New word
常见搭配:
a packet of(一包……)
课文原文:A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food.
一分钟后,坐在我旁边的男子拿出几包食物。
New word
常见搭配:
go on a picnic 去野餐
have a picnic进行野餐
课文原文:It was like he was on a picnic.
就好像他在野餐一样。
New word
词性转换:名词:smell(气味;嗅觉)
课文原文:People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly!当然,人得吃饭,可这食物味道太难闻了!
New word
常见搭配:
a piece of cheese(一块奶酪 )
cheese pizza(奶酪披萨 )
cheese cake(芝士蛋糕 )
课文原文:blue cheese:蓝纹奶酪
New word
cheese n.干酪,奶酪
词性转换:形容词为“noisy”(嘈杂的;喧闹的),
副词为“noisily”(吵闹地)
常见搭配:
make noise(吵闹);
noise pollution(噪音污染)
课文原文: I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.
我捂住耳朵,想要隔绝 “摇滚女孩” 传来的噪音
New word
词性转换:名词为“reduction”(减少;降低)。
常见搭配:
reduce to(减少到)
reduce by(减少了)
eg:The number of students has reduced by 10%.
(学生人数减少了10%。)
课文原文:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.
我捂住鼻子,为了减轻 “臭食先生” 散发的气味。
New word
词性转换:kick n. 踢;踢球;
kick - off n. 开球;开始
常见搭配:
kick sth.(踢某物 ) eg:kick a ball(踢球 )
kick off(开始;开球 )
kick out(驱逐;赶走 )
kick back(放松;回扣 )
课文原文:Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.
接着,我后面的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。
New word
kick v.踢
/kɪk/
词性转换:可作动词,意为“使坐下;可容纳”,
eg:The hall can seat 500 people.(这个大厅能容纳500人。)
常见搭配:
take a seat(就座)
have a seat(请坐)
be seated(坐着;就座)
eg:Please be seated.(请就座。)
课文原文:
Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.
接着,我后面的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。
New word
常见表达:
air passenger(航空旅客);
bus passenger(公共汽车乘客)。
passenger safety(乘客安全)
passenger traffic(客运量)。
课文原文: I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces.我转过身,想看看其他乘客的表情。
New word
anything pron.
/ˈeniθɪŋ/
任何事物都(没有)
常见搭配:
常考在否定句和疑问句中,not...anything(什么都不 )
anything but(根本不;绝不 )
for anything(无论如何 )
if anything(如果有什么区别的话 )
New word
词性转换:可作动词,意为“愚弄;欺骗”,
eg:He fooled me into believing his story.
(他骗我相信了他的故事。)
形容词为“foolish”(愚蠢的)
常见搭配:
make a fool of(愚弄)
play the fool(装傻;扮丑角)
fool around(闲荡;鬼混)
课文原文:Will they think me a fool if I do something?
要是我做点什么,他们会觉得我是个傻瓜吗?
New word
词性转换:可作动词,意为“签名;签署;示意”,
eg:Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
常见搭配:
traffic sign(交通标志)
road sign(路标)
sign language(手语)
课文原文:I looked at the signs on the wall.
我看着墙上的标识。
New word
throat n.喉咙,咽喉
/θrəʊt/
clean your throat
清清嗓子
常见搭配:
have a sore throat(喉咙痛 )
clear one's throat(清嗓子 )
cut one's own throat(自毁前程;自取灭亡 )
New word
词性转换:形容词为 responsible(有责任的;负责的),
副词为 responsibly(负责地)。
常见搭配:
take responsibility for(对……负责)
a sense of responsibility(责任感)
bear responsibility(承担责任)
New word
cause n.起因,原因
/kɔːz/
词性转换:causeless adj. 无原因的;
causative adj. 成为原因的;表示原因
常见搭配:
the cause of(…… 的原因 )
eg:What's the cause of the fire?(这场火灾的原因是什么? )
cause sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事 )
eg:The heavy rain caused the river to rise.
(大雨导致河水上涨。 )
cause and effect(因果关系 )
New word
常见搭配:
fasten one's belt(系好腰带)
loosen one's belt(松开腰带)
wear a seat belt(系好安全带)
New word
词性转换:可作动词,意为“使驻扎;安置”,
eg:The soldiers were stationed in the border area.
(士兵们驻扎在边境地区。)
常见搭配:
bus station(汽车站),
train station(火车站)
railway station(火车站)。
at the station(在车站);
New word
词性转换:
是由“flower”和“pot”组成的复合名词。
tea pot茶壶
hotpot火锅
New word
pick up
捡起;收拾;接人
常见搭配:
pick up sth.(捡起某物 )
pick up the book(捡起书 )
pick sb. up开车接某人
动副结构,代词放中间
pick it up;
pick them up
New word
mess n.脏乱,凌乱
/mes/
词性转换:messy adj. 凌乱的;混乱的;
messily adv. 凌乱地;混乱地
常见搭配:
in a mess(乱七八糟 )
mess sth. up(把某物弄乱;把某事搞糟 )
make a mess of(把…… 弄得一团糟 )
New word
词性转换:形容词为“honest”(诚实的),
副词为“honestly”(诚实地)。
常见搭配:
to be honest(说实话)
with honesty(真诚地)
an honesty person(一个诚实的人)
New word
spread-spread-spread
词性转换:可作名词,意为“传播;伸展”,
eg:the spread of knowledge(知识的传播)
常见搭配:
spread out(展开;铺开);
spread from…to…(从……传播到……)。
eg:The news spread quickly from one person to another.
(这个消息很快从一个人传播到另一个人。)
New word
norm:标准,规范
standard:标准
秩序
基础
/'edmənd bɜːrk/
埃德蒙・伯克(Edmund Burke) 18 世纪重要的政治哲学家,其思想对保守主义、社会秩序等理论影响深远。
同意(某人的观点,看法)与......一致
Keep to the right.
Keep your desk clean.
Talk quietly.
Take turns.
登上,get off:下车
为了
sit down:坐下
take out :
拿出
opposite sb.:在某人对面
跳起来 惊讶地
一分钟之后
紧挨着
拿出
几包
be on a picnic:在野餐
不得不
蓝纹奶酪
隔绝噪音
为了
减轻气味
臭味食物
kick one’s seat踢某人的座位
像西红柿那么红
ask sb. to do sth.
要求某人做某事
转身
请保持安静
禁止异味食物
请照看好您带小孩
铭记在我们的脑海和心里
深吸一口气
站起来
清清嗓子
算了吧,得了吧,拜托,
not just...but also
if:主将从现
a mountain of 大量的;
堆积如山的
发生了什么
作者的感受如何
作者采取的行动
重点短语
1. after a busy day at work:
在忙碌了一天的工作之后
2. get on:登上;上(车、船等)
3. in order to:为了
4. sit down:坐下
5. take out:拿出;取出
6. opposite sb.:在某人对面
7. play music:播放音乐
8. jump up:跳起来
9. in surprise:惊讶地
10. a minute later:一分钟后
11. next to:紧邻;在......旁边
12. several packets of:几包
13. be on a picnic:在野餐
14. have to:不得不;必须
15. so as to:为了 ( 一般不置于句首 )
16. block the noise:隔绝噪音
17. reduce the smell:减轻气味
18.kick one’s seat踢某人的座位
19.ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
20. look after:照顾;照管
21. take a deep breath:深吸一口气
22. stand up:站起来
Keep to the right.
Keep your desk clean.
Talk quietly.
Take turns.
祈使句
生存还是毁灭,这是个问题。
New word
词性转换:副词为“urgently”(紧急地),
名词为“urgency”(紧急;紧急的事)。
常见搭配:
be urgent for sb. to do sth.(某人急需做某事)。
eg:It is urgent for us to solve this problem.
(我们急需解决这个问题。)
an urgent message(紧急消息),
urgent need(迫切需要)。
New word
city 城市
常见搭配:
citizen rights(公民权利),
citizen duty(公民义务)。
law abiding citizen(守法公民);
ordinary citizen(普通公民)。
New word
词性转换:click还可作动词,
意为“点击;使发出咔嗒声”。
常见搭配:
a click of ……的一次点击
课文原文:We can get in touch with anyone with just one click. 只需轻点一下,我们就能与任何人取得联系。
New word
basic adj.
/ˈbeɪsɪk/
基础的,基本的,根本的
词性转换:basically adv. 基本上;主要地;
basis n. 基础;根据;基本原则
常见搭配:
basic knowledge(基础知识 )
basic skills(基本技能 )
be basic to(对…… 是基本的 )
课文原文:Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.
以下是保障你网络安全需了解的基本规则。
New word
New word
词性转换:privacy为名词,意为“隐私;秘密”。
常见搭配:
in private 私下地,秘密地
private school 私立学校
private life私人生活
课文原文: Keep personal information private.
保护个人信息隐私。
New word
avoid v.
/əˈvɔɪd/
避免
词性转换:avoidable adj. 可避免的;
avoidance n. 避免;回避
常见搭配:
avoid doing sth.(避免做某事 )
课文原文:Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。
New word
address n.地址
/əˈdres/
做动词
写地址;标注收件人信息
常见搭配:address a letter/package(在信件 / 包裹上写地址)
称呼;命名
常见搭配:address sb. as...(称某人为...)
New word
passport n.护照
/ˈpɑːspɔːt/
New word
password n.密码
/ˈpɑːswɜːd/
Be password smart!
巧妙设置密码
limit V.
/ˈlɪmɪt/
(在数量上)限制,限定
词性转换:limited adj. 有限的;
limitless adj. 无限制的;无止境的
常见搭配:
limit sth. to...(把某物限制在…… )
set a limit(设定限度 )
without limit(无限制地;无限地
New word
词性转换:carelessly是副词,意为“粗心地”;
carelessness是名词,意为“粗心大意”。
常见搭配:
be careless about 对……粗心大意
careless mistake 粗心的错误
课文原文:Change it often and don't be careless.
要经常更换密码,且切勿粗心大意。
New word
词性转换:awareness是名词,意为“意识;认识”。
常见搭配:
be aware of 意识到,知道;
become aware 开始意识到;
make sb. aware of 使某人意识到
课文原文:Be aware of strangers.警惕陌生人。
New word
词性转换:cheat也可作名词,意为“骗子;欺骗行为”。
常见搭配:
cheat sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事;
cheat on在……上作弊;对……不忠。
New word
trust v.信任,信赖,相信
/trʌst/
词性转换:trusted adj. 可信的
trustful adj. 信任他人的;轻信的;
trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的;可靠的
常见搭配:
trust sb.(信任某人 ,trust in(信赖;信任 )
put one's trust in(对…… 予以信任 )
earn one's trust(赢得某人的信任 );
break one's trust(辜负某人的信任 )
New word
复数:enemies
搭配:
make an enemy of与……为敌;
enemy country敌国
课文原文:Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.
言语有时会伤人,还可能让你树敌。
New word
behave v.表现
/bɪˈheɪv/
词性转换:behavior(美式 )/behaviour(英式 )n. 行为;举止;behavioral(美式 )/behavioural(英式 )adj. 行为的
常见搭配:
behave well/badly(表现好 / 不好 )
behave oneself(举止得体;守规矩 )
课文原文:Remember that behaving badly online has costs.要记住,在网上的不良行为是有代价的。
New word
词性转换:cyberbully可作动词,意为“网络欺凌”。
常见搭配:
常与prevent“防止”,stop“阻止”等动词搭配,
eg:prevent cyberbullying“防止网络欺凌”。
New word
打破规则
交通规则
是否......
关键信息.....
立刻,马上.
fly through 飞过,快速通过
清晰视野
今日话题
案列
嘉宾
违反规则:break rules
遵守规则:follow rules
引发一场事故
be good for:对......有好处
参加
继续
桌子;表格;目录
紧急情况
回想......
面对面
心爱的人
在远方
小菜一碟
与......取得联系
只需轻点一下
需要知道
注意安全
保护个人信息隐私
巧妙设置密码
警惕陌生人
发帖要谨慎
寻求帮助
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
post...online在网上发布
全名
做......是重要的
be easy to do sth容易做某事.
不要大意
在现实生活中
社交媒体
伤害人们
树敌
行为不端
陷入困境
turn to...for help向.....求助
face...alone独自面对
new risks
personal
strong and long
address
change
online strangers
spend time
carefully
answer
help
重点短语
1. think...back:回想
2. face to face:面对面地
3. loved ones:亲人;心爱的人
4. far away:遥远;在远处
5. a piece of cake:小菜一碟;轻而易举的事
6. netizens:网民(等同于 internet citizens )
7. get in touch with:与.......取得联系
8. with just one click:只需轻点一下
9.need to do sth.需要做某事
10.stay safe注意安全,保持安全
11. keep personal information private:
保护个人信息隐私
12. post...online:在网上发布.......
13. full name全名
14. be password smart:巧妙设置密码
15. protect...from/against...:
保护......免受......
16. be easy to do sth.:容易做某事
17.don’t be careless.不要粗心大意
18. be aware of strangers:警惕陌生人
19. in real life:在现实生活中
20. be careful with your post:
发帖要谨慎
21. social media:社交媒体
22. make enemies:树敌
23. behave badly:行为不端
24. in hot water:陷入困境
25. turn to...for help:向......求助
My family rules
There are some helpful rules in my family.Let me share them with you.
First, help with housework. Through it, I learn about duty. Second, do exercise every day. It helps me build a strong body. Third, be on time for everything. This teaches me to treat others' time with respect. Lastly, if someone makes me unhappy, I can talk with him or her face to face instead of arguing. In this way, I can learn how to get along well with others.
In short, every rule in my family is useful. They help build family spirit. I'm glad to follow the rules because they can make me a better person.
Keep yourself safe on the Internet
In the digital age, the Internet has made my life much more convenient and enjoyable. With internet, I can search for information quickly and check out interesting photos and videos.
The Internet has greatly changed my life, but it has also brought me risks. To keep myself safe online, I never share my personal information, like my ID number or home address, with others. I'm always careful. I hardly ever talk with strangers or click on unknown links. What's more, if I find that something has gone wrong online, I will ask my parents for help. They can help keep me safe.
By following these rules, I've always enjoyed a safe online experience.
Unit5 Play by the rules?单元笔记
$