基于语篇逻辑，通关CD篇说明文阅读标题选择题 课件 2026届高考英语专题复习

2023-2025说明文高考真题 I. Analysis of Exam Trend 标题题基本是在C、D篇说明文中考察 2023-2025 “The best title ”Questions I. Analysis of Exam Trend 说明对象 CD篇说明文的说明对象、基本结构、考察方向 研究报告 研究结果 研究方法 结论阐述 专家评议 社会现象 提出现象 产生原因 造成影响、人们看法 预言、警告、措施 新做法、 新理论 提出新做法、新理论 产生原因 运行原理 评议优缺点、前景 新事物 引入新事物 产生背景 运行原理 评议优缺点、改进方法 概括 具体 主旨要义 文章标题 细节理解 推理判断 观点态度 写作意图 说明方法 文章出处，写作对象 段落大意 猜测词义 问题 解决 Using Discourse Logic to Solve "the Best Title" Questions 高三二轮复习课——基于语篇逻辑， 通关CD篇说明文阅读标题选择题 II. Teaching procedures：Lead in Choose a suitable title to our lesson（ ） A. An English Class B. Students are having an English class C. An English class on solving“the Best Title” Questions D. How to find main ideas in paragraphs C ◎Summary :Using 3 adjectives to sum up the characteristics of“the best title” Topic话题 Theme主旨 ①Terse 简短的 ②Informative 提供有用信息的 (topic主题, theme主旨) ③Precise(精准的） II. Step1 Introduction How can we find“the best title” for the passage? 主题句 ① Find the topic words to grasp the focus quickly. ◎反复出现的词语、多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词 ② Identify the topic sentences to sort out the discourse logic语篇逻辑. ◎每个段落都有一个核心，而这个核心往往藏在主题句里。 主题句的四种位置 位置 特点 信号词 段首 开门见山，直接点明 最常见，无特殊信号词，或若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是主题句 段末 先铺陈，后总结 thus, therefore, in conclusion 段中 转折之后是重点 but, however, yet, while 隐含 没有明确主题句，需概括 需通读全段后提炼 II. Step1 Introduction How can we find“the best title” for the passage? ③Encode the main idea, and we know what the passage is about. ◎把每段的中心句整合起来，就是文章的主旨（语篇主旨） ④ Decode the given titles, and we solve“the best title” questions. 错误选项的四大特征 位置 错误特征 说明 ① Too narrow（以偏概全） 仅覆盖细节 / 例子/单段内容 ② Too broad（范围过宽） 超出文章讨论范畴 ③ Off-topic（偏离主题） 未触及核心话题 ④ Misleading（态度偏差） 偷换作者态度 / 核心侧重点 II. Step1 Introduction ④ Decode the given titles, and we solve“the best title” questions. 选项 正确/错误特征 说明 A B C √ 符合 informative、precise、terse 三大特征 既点明了课程类型，又精准锁定了核心话题 “解决标题选择题”，信息完整、表述精准且简洁凝练。 D ◎Practice: Analyze the options of“Choose a suitable title to our lesson” A. An English Class B. Students are having an English class C. An English class on solving“the Best Title” Questions D. How to find main ideas in paragraphs × Too broad（范围过宽） 仅提及 “英语课”，未点明本节课的核心话题与主题， 概括过于笼统。 × Too broad（范围过宽） 仅提及 “英语课”，未点明本节课的核心话题与主题， 概括过于笼统。 × Off-topic（偏离主题） 与本节课 “最佳标题题解题” 的核心主题无关 II. Step2 Application：passage 1 2022全国卷乙C ① Topic words: ______________________ ② Topic sentences: Para.1: ______________________ ______________________ Para.2: ______________________ ______________________ Para.3: ______________________ ______________________ Para.4: ______________________ ______________________ ③ Main idea: ______________________ ______________________ Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. 【2022年全国乙卷C篇】Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. Topic words: drones, railways 【2022年全国乙卷C篇】Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. para1:Introduce a new technology by answering a problem para2:Application at present para3.4.:Advantages& potentials Main idea:The future applications brought by drones to railways. II. Step2 Application：passage 1 2022全国卷乙C ② Topic sentences: Para.1: ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Para.2: ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Para.3: ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ Para.4: ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ③ Main idea: ______________________ ______________________ _________________ Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. Applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones could be used to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure. Drones would bring huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. Drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways by using the latest technologies. The future applications brought by drones to railways. Decode the given titles, and we solve“the best title” questions. 选项 正确/错误特征 说明 A B C D ◎Question1 :Which is the most suitable title for the text? （ ） A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways × Too narrow（以偏概全） 仅聚焦“无人机可检测的故障”，未覆盖“无人机与铁路的关联”，无法概括全文主线 × Off-topic（偏离主题 全文核心是“无人机应用于铁路”，而非“无人机的生产扩张”，与主题无关 × Off-topic（偏离主题） 文中未提及无人机发展面临的困难，属于无中生有，与核心话题无关 II. Step2 Application：passage 1 2022全国卷乙C D √ informative、precise、terse 精准覆盖全文核心：drones与railways的关联，概括无人机对铁路未来的影响，符合语篇主旨 II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 Everyone has heard that it’s vital to get seven to nine hours of sleep a night. Get anything less, and you are more likely to suffer from poor health in the short and long term. But in recent years, scientists have discovered a rare group of people who consistently get little shut-eye and are no worse for wear. Natural short sleepers, as they are called, are genetically wired to need only four to six hours of sleep a night. These exceptions suggest that quality, not quantity, is what matters. If scientists could figure out what these people do differently, it might, they hope, provide insight into sleep’s very nature. Ying-Hui Fu, a human geneticist and neuroscientist at UC San Francisco, recalls there is one family whose members woke up early but didn’t go to bed early, and felt refreshed after only about six hours of sleep. They were the first people identified with familial natural short sleep, a condition that runs in families like other genetic features. Fu and her colleague Ptaček thought the short sleep originated from a mutation (变异) in a gene called DEC2. The researchers went on to genetically engineer the DEC2 mutation into mice, showing that the animals need less sleep than their littermates. Over time, the researchers have identified seven genes associated with natural short sleep. Like mice, people who are naturally short sleepers seem to be immune (免疫的) to the ill effects of short sleep. If anything, they do extraordinarily well. Research suggests that such people are ambitious, energetic and optimistic, with remarkable recoverability against stress and higher thresholds (阈值) for pain. But though sleep has a strong genetic component, it can also be shaped by the environment. Knowing that better sleep is possible, and understanding the basis, could point the way to interventions to improve sleep, enabling more people to live longer, healthier lives. Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. Topic words:Natural short sleep(ers) II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 Everyone has heard that it’s vital to get seven to nine hours of sleep a night. Get anything less, and you are more likely to suffer from poor health in the short and long term. But in recent years, scientists have discovered a rare group of people who consistently get little shut-eye and are no worse for wear. （定位思路：段中转折后是重点，but引出本文核心话题——特殊人群，为全文topic sentence） Natural short sleepers, as they are called, are genetically wired to need only four to six hours of sleep a night. （定位思路：段首开门见山，点明核心对象“Natural short sleepers”，为该段主题句） These exceptions suggest that quality, not quantity, is what matters. If scientists could figure out what these people do differently, it might, they hope, provide insight into sleep’s very nature. Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 Ying-Hui Fu, a human geneticist and neuroscientist at UC San Francisco, recalls there is one family whose members woke up early but didn’t go to bed early, and felt refreshed after only about six hours of sleep. They were the first people identified with familial natural short sleep, a condition that runs in families like other genetic features. Fu and her colleague Ptaček thought the short sleep originated from a mutation (变异) in a gene called DEC2（定位思路：段中核心观点句，前文铺垫案例，本句点明核心研究发现——天生短睡眠与DEC2基因的关联，为该段topic sentence.） The researchers went on to genetically engineer the DEC2 mutation into mice, showing that the animals need less sleep than their littermates. Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 Over time, the researchers have identified seven genes associated with natural short sleep.（定位思路：段首总起，点明研究进展——发现7种与天生短睡眠相关的基因，为该段主题句，符合“段首直接点明”的topic sentence定位方法） Like mice, people who are naturally short sleepers seem to be immune (免疫的) to the ill effects of short sleep. If anything, they do extraordinarily well. Research suggests that such people are ambitious, energetic and optimistic, with remarkable recoverability against stress and higher thresholds (阈值) for pain. But though sleep has a strong genetic component, it can also be shaped by the environment.(定位思路：转折后是重点) Knowing that better sleep is possible, and understanding the basis, could point the way to interventions to improve sleep, enabling more people to live longer, healthier lives. Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. Decode the given titles, and we solve“the best title” questions. 选项 正确/错误特征 说明 A B C D ◎Question2 What is a suitable title for the text?（ ） A. Less Shut-Eye, Better Health B. Sleep Quality and Gene Mutation C. The ones Who Need Less Sleep D. The Hidden Costs of Short Sleep （× Misleading表述误导） （× Too narrow（以偏概全） ×（Misleading表述误导 Off-topic 偏离主题） 文中明确说天生短睡眠者“are immune to the ill effects of short sleep”“do extraordinarily well”，因此“hidden costs”隐藏的代价与内容相反。本文主旨完全不符。 II. Step3 Consolidation：passage2 26届福建泉州质检C篇 c 曲解文意，暗示 “睡得少 = 更健康”，表述绝对，不符合原文。 仅聚焦 “gene mutation” 细节，偏离全文核心对象 “natural short sleepers”，无法概括主线。 √ informative、precise、terse “the ones”指代natural short sleepers。全文围绕这一人群的特征、基因发现、优势展开。 II. Step3 Consolidation：passage3 25年深圳一模D篇 Requirements :Circle out the topic words, underline the topic sentence，encode the main idea and then analyze the options. ①Topic words: ______________________ sensor ① The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical— but it's a real ability that some creaturos have. A family of African fish known as Momyrids are weakly clectric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby targeL, even when it's hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish. ② “We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by' electric fish,'”says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of BiomedicalEagineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature. ③ The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter(发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted(扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices. ④ A special biogel(生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it easy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing. ⑤ The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologics, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin. 1-2Introduction：通过生物现象引出an artificial sensor system 3Component+working principle工作原理 4:Advantages 5:Potential application II. Step3 Consolidation：passage3 25年深圳一模D篇 ②Main idea:__________________________ ①Topic words: sensor ②Main idea:__________________________ Scientists developed a new bio-inspired sensor that can detect objects without seeing or touching them. Decode the given titles, and we solve“the best title” questions. 选项 正确/错误特征 说明 A B C D Question3 What is the best title for the text?（ ） A. Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin B. Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching C. E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning D. Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection （× Too narrow以偏概全） （√ informative、precise、terse) × Too narrow以偏概全 电场只是传感器工作原理的一部分，细节不能代表主旨 B 仅提及 “e-skin”，未体现核心亮点 “bio-inspired sensor + 无接触感知”，无法概括全文主线 精准覆盖全文核心：bio-inspired sensor的灵感来源与核心能力“无接触感知”，完整概括文章主线；e-skin是bio-inspired sensor的具体形态，选项聚焦核心对象即可，不影响概括性 × Off-topic（偏离主题） 文中未提及 “Machine Learning” 相关内容，与核心话题无关 II. Step3 Consolidation：passage3 25年深圳一模D篇 II. Step4 Summary：Keys to “Best Title” Questions 1.The characteristics of“the best title” ①T________________ ②I________________ ③P________________ 2.Four-steps solving method ① Find _________________- ② Identify _______________ ③ Encode the ____________ ④ Decode the ____________ 3.Common features of wrong choices ❶ ________________________: only cover details or one paragraph ❷ ________________________: beyond the content of the passage ❸ _________________________: miss the core topic ❹ _________________________: change the author’s attitude or focus erse(简短的) nformative（提供有用信息的） recise （精准的） topic words the main idea the titles. topic sentences Too narrow（以偏概全) Too broad（范围过宽） Off-topic（偏离主题） Misleading（态度偏差） TIP 2026年深圳一模D篇、2020年全国1卷D篇、2026年巴蜀中学月考八D篇 II. Step5 Homework Practice makes perfect! $