专题06 冠词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（山东专版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题06 冠词 考点一 冠词基础认知与不定冠词a/an 冠词是英语中的虚词，不能在句中独立充当句子成分，仅位于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的含义。英语冠词分为三类：不定冠词a/an、定冠词the、零冠词（不使用冠词）。 不定冠词a/an表泛指，意为“一个、某一个、每一”，仅能修饰单数可数名词，二者的核心区别由后面单词的首音素（发音）决定，而非首字母，是山东小升初基础必考点。 一、a/an的核心区别 冠词 适用规则 高频例词（易错专项） a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前 a book, a pen, a student, a university（/juː/辅音音素）, a European country, a one-way street, a useful book an 用于元音音素开头的单词前 an apple, an egg, an English book, an hour（h不发音，/aʊ/元音音素）, an honest boy, an umbrella, an 8-year-old boy 核心口诀：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。 二、a/an的8大核心用法 用法场景 规则说明 高频例句 首次提及 第一次提到的人或事物，表泛指 I have a cat. The cat is white. 类别泛指 用在单数可数名词前，表一类人/事物 A panda is a cute animal. 数量含义 表数量“一”，语气弱于one I have a new bag and two pencils. 泛指某人 不具体指明是哪个人/物 A girl is waiting for you at the school gate. 单位计量 用于频率、价格、时间单位前，表“每一”，相当于every We have five English classes a week. 固定整体 用于视为一个整体的成对名词前 Please pass me a knife and fork. 序数词特殊用法 用于序数词前，表“又一、再一”，不用于first前 I tried a second time to work out the math problem. 感叹句用法 用于what引导的感叹句中，修饰单数可数名词 What a beautiful day! 三、山东地区高频固定搭配 a bit, a little, a few, a lot of, a pair of, have a cold, have a look, have a good time, have a try, take a walk, take a break, give a talk, in a hurry, after a while, make a mistake 一、用a或an填空。 1.______ umbrella 2. ______ university 3. ______ hour 4. ______ honest boy 5.______ apple 6. ______ European country 7. ______ “s” 8. ______ “u” 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. My mother is ______ English teacher in a primary school in Jinan. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. There is ______ “h” and ______ “u” in the word “house”. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a ( ) 3. What ______ interesting story it is! It's about Mount Tai. A. a B. an C. the D. / 一、改正下列句子中不定冠词的用法错误。 1.This is an useful book for our English study. → ____________________________________ 2.My father bought a iphone for me as a birthday gift. → ______________________________ 3.I have an bread and a milk for breakfast. → ____________________________________ 4.She is a 8-year-old girl from Qingdao. → ____________________________________ 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Would you like ______ glass of milk? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. I have ______ important meeting to attend this afternoon. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. My brother wants to be ______ astronaut when he grows up. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 4. We can see ______ photo of the Yellow River on the wall. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 5. I have ______ cold, so I can't go to school today. A. a B. an C. the D. / 考点二 定冠词the的核心用法（山东高频必考考点） 定冠词the表特指，意为“这/那、这些/那些”，可修饰单数可数名词、复数可数名词和不可数名词，是山东小升初冠词考查的核心重点，占冠词考点的40%以上。 一、定冠词the的10大高频用法 用法场景 规则说明 高频例句 特指双方熟知 特指说话双方都明确知道的人或事物 Please close the window. It's cold in the classroom. 特指上文提及 特指上文中已经提到过的人或事物 I saw a bird in the tree. The bird is singing beautifully. 独一无二事物 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky 序数词&最高级 用于序数词、形容词/副词最高级前 the first day, the tallest boy in our class, the second longest river in China 乐器名称前 用于西洋乐器名称前（中国传统乐器可加可不加） play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar, play the erhu 江河湖海专有名词 用于江河、海洋、山脉、普通名词构成的专有地名前 the Yellow River, the Great Wall, the West Lake, the UK, the Summer Palace 姓氏复数前 用于姓氏复数前，表“某某一家人/夫妇二人” the Greens, the Li family, the Wangs 一类人/物 与形容词连用，表一类人 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the sick 特指的专有名词 用于山东地域相关的特指专有名词前 the Spring City (济南), the coastal city of Qingdao, the Mount Tai scenic area 固定搭配 用于山东教材高频固定短语中 in the morning, in the end, by the way, at the age of, in the front of, on the left/right 核心口诀：特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及；世上独一无二，序数最高级；乐器江河海，姓氏一家人；还有一类人，定冠词the别忘记。 二、高频易错点提醒 球类运动、棋类游戏前不加the，乐器前必须加the，是山东小升初高频易错点； 单个单词的国名、地名前不加the，由普通名词构成的国名/地名必须加the（例：China不加the，the US必须加the）； 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时，不加the（例：my best friend，不加the）。 一、用the或 / 填空，不需要填the的标注“/”。 1.______ Great Wall 2. ______ Yellow River 3. play ______ piano 4.______ first lesson 5. ______ tallest girl 6. play ______ basketball 7.______ sun 8. ______ Greens 9. in ______ morning 10. at ______ age of 10 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. ______ moon goes around ______ earth. A. A; a B. An; an C. The; the D. /; / ( ) 2. This is ______ book I bought in Xinhua Bookstore yesterday. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. My sister can play ______ violin very well, but she can't play ______ chess. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / ( ) 4. We visited ______ Mount Tai last summer holiday. A. a B. an C. the D. / 一、改正下列句子中定冠词的用法错误。 1.He is a first student to get to school every day. → ______________________________________ 2.She likes to play the football with her friends after school. → _____________________________ 3.I go to school by the bus every day. → _______________________________________________ 4.The China is a big country with a long history. → ______________________________________ 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. ______ old man over there is ______ famous doctor in Shandong. A. The; a B. An; a C. The; the D. An; the ( ) 2. ______ Yellow River is ______ second longest river in China. A. /; the B. The; the C. The; a D. /; a ( ) 3. We should help ______ old and ______ poor in our daily life. A. the; the B. a; a C. an; an D. /; / ( ) 4. —Where is ______ teacher's office? —It's on the second floor. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 5. In the evening, we often watch ______ TV together after ______ dinner. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 考点三 零冠词的核心用法（易错考点） 零冠词指的是名词前不使用不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的情况，也叫“零冠词”，是山东地区冠词题的高频易错点，多在改错、完形填空和单项选择中考查。 一、零冠词的8大核心使用场景 用法场景 规则说明 高频例句 泛指复数名词 用于泛指的复数可数名词前，表一类人/事物 Books are our best friends. Students should study hard. 泛指不可数名词 用于泛指的物质名词、抽象名词前 Water is very important for us. Time is money. 专有名词前 用于单个单词的国名、地名、人名、节日名前 China, Shandong, Jinan, Qingdao, Tom, Li Ming, Children's Day, Spring Festival 三餐/球类/学科 用于三餐、球类运动、棋类、学科名称前 have breakfast/lunch/dinner, play football/basketball, learn English/Math/Chinese 星期/月份/季节 用于泛指的星期、月份、季节前（特指某一年的季节需加the） on Monday, in March, in spring, in the spring of 2026 交通工具 用于by+交通工具的固定搭配中 by bus, by bike, by car, by train, by plane, on foot 代词修饰名词 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词修饰时，不加冠词 my book, this pen, some students, our school 称呼/头衔前 用于称呼语、职位、头衔名词前（作表语、同位语） Mr Wang, Miss Li, monitor of the class 核心口诀：代词限定名词前，球类学科与三餐；星期月份季节前，交通方式和头衔；泛指复名不可数，专有名词零冠词。 二、山东高频零冠词固定搭配 at home, at school, at work, go to school, go to bed, go to work, in hospital, in trouble, on foot, day and night, face to face, step by step 三、有无冠词的词义差异 零冠词短语（核心含义） 加定冠词the的短语（核心含义） at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 in hospital （生病）住院 in the hospital 在医院里（不一定看病） go to school 去上学 go to the school 去学校（不一定上学） go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 走到床边 in class 在课堂上 in the class 在班级里 in front of 在……（外部）的前面 in the front of 在……（内部）的前部 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上 一、用the或 / 填空，不需要填the的标注“/”。 1.go to ______ school 2. have ______ lunch 3. play ______ chess 4.by ______ bike 5. in ______ spring 6. on ______ Sunday 7.learn ______ English 8. ______ my mother 9. at ______ home 10. in ______ hospital（生病住院） 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. We usually have ______ breakfast at 7 o'clock in the morning. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. My brother likes playing ______ football after school every day. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. I go to ______ school by ______ bus every day. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the ( ) 4. ______ Monday is the first day of a week in Western countries. A. A B. An C. The D. / 一、改正下列句子中零冠词的用法错误。 1.My mother cooks the dinner for us every evening. → ____________________________________ 2.He goes to the hospital to see his uncle, who is ill in hospital. → ________________________ 3.We learn the English and the Math at school. → ____________________________________ 4.He is the monitor of our class. → ____________________________________ 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. ______ Children's Day is coming. We will have a big party. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 2. You can go to the park ______ foot, it's not far. A. on B. by C. in D. with ( ) 3. We have six classes in ______ morning, and two classes in ______ afternoon. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the ( ) 4. He is ______ good at playing ______ basketball. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; / ( ) 5. My father and I usually go to ______ sea to see the sunrise in summer. A. a B. an C. the D. / 考点四 冠词特殊用法与高频易混辨析 本考点是山东地区冠词题的拉分难点，主要考查冠词在特殊语境中的用法差异，以及易混短语的冠词辨析。 一、泛指与特指的冠词选择逻辑 情况 冠词选择 例句对比 单数可数名词泛指 a/an + 单数名词 A horse is a useful animal.（马是一种有用的动物，表类别） 单数可数名词特指 the + 单数名词 The horse over there is mine.（那边的那匹马是我的，表特指） 不可数名词泛指 零冠词 Water is necessary for life.（水对生命是必需的，泛指水这种物质） 不可数名词特指 the + 不可数名词 The water in the bottle is hot.（瓶子里的水是热的，特指这瓶水） 复数名词泛指 零冠词 Students must follow the school rules.（学生必须遵守校规，泛指学生群体） 复数名词特指 the + 复数名词 The students in Class 3 are having a class.（三班的学生正在上课，特指三班的学生） 二、序数词前冠词的特殊用法 1.表顺序“第几”，必须加the：the first lesson, the second floor 2.表“又一、再一”，不强调顺序，用a/an：I need a third pen, because the first two are broken. 3.序数词前有物主代词修饰时，不加冠词：my fourth birthday, his fifth time to Beijing 三、形容词前冠词的特殊用法 1.the + 形容词，表一类人，谓语动词用复数：The old are taken good care of in our country. 2.a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词，表泛指：She is a kind girl. 3.the + 形容词比较级 + of the two，表“两者中更……的一个”：He is the taller of the two brothers. 四、专有名词冠词使用规则 专有名词类型 冠词规则 高频例词 单个单词的地名/国名 零冠词 Shandong, Jinan, Qingdao, China, Weifang, Yantai 普通名词构成的景点/江河 加the the Yellow River, the Great Wall, the Baotu Spring, the Daming Lake 节日名称 普通名词构成的节日加the，专有节日零冠词 the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival; Children's Day, Teachers' Day, National Day 山脉名称 群山加the，单个山峰零冠词 the Taihang Mountains; Mount Tai, Mount Lao 五、山东地区高频易混短语辨析 短语 含义 短语 含义 a number of 许多，大量（谓语复数） the number of ……的数量（谓语单数） a few 一些，几个（肯定，修饰可数） few 几乎没有（否定，修饰可数） a little 一点，一些（肯定，修饰不可数） little 几乎没有（否定，修饰不可数） go to college 上大学 go to the college 去那所大学 in future 今后 in the future 在未来 一、用a/an/the/ / 填空。 1.He is ______ taller of the two boys. 2.I have two pens, but I want ______ third one. 3.______ number of the students in our school is 2000. 4.There is ______ little milk in the fridge, we don't need to buy any. 5.We will have a trip to ______ Daming Lake this weekend. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. ______ number of students in our class are interested in English. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 2. This is ______ most interesting book I have ever read. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. He has tried twice, and he will try ______ third time. A. a B. an C. the D. / 一、判断下列句子中冠词使用是否正确，正确写“T”，错误写“F”。 ( ) 1. The number of the workers in this factory are 500. ( ) 2. There is a little water in the bottle, so we need to buy some. ( ) 3. He is the cleverer of the two brothers. ( ) 4. We will visit the Mount Tai this summer holiday. ( ) 5. My favorite festival is the Spring Festival. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —What do you usually do after ______ class? —We usually play ______ basketball. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the ( ) 2. There is ______ “f” and ______ “u” in the word “fun”. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a ( ) 3. ______ rich should help ______ poor. A. The; the B. A; a C. An; an D. /; / ( ) 4. We can see ______ sun in the sky in the daytime. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 5. I have ______ uncle. He lives in ______ Shandong. A. a; the B. an; / C. an; the D. a; / 考点五 冠词题型解题技巧 结合山东各地市小升初考情，针对冠词五大核心题型，总结专属解题技巧，帮助学生快速提分，规避易错点。 一、单项选择题解题技巧 1.音素排除法：考查a/an辨析时，先判断单词首音素，直接排除不符合音素规则的选项；看到university、useful、hour、honest等高频易错词，优先锁定音素判断。 2.语境特指法：考查the的用法时，先看语境：有“上文提及、双方熟知、限定修饰”的特指信号，直接锁定the；表泛指的单数可数名词用a/an，泛指的复数/不可数名词用零冠词。 3.固定搭配优先法：看到山东教材高频固定短语，直接按固定搭配选择冠词，比如乐器前加the，球类/三餐/by+交通工具用零冠词。 4.口诀速记法：遇到复杂场景，用核心口诀快速判断，排除错误选项。 二、词汇运用题解题技巧 1.先定名词，再定冠词：先判断空格后名词的类型（可数单复数、不可数），再结合语境判断泛指/特指，确定冠词。 2.固定搭配锁定法：空格前后有固定短语的标志词，直接按固定搭配填写冠词。 3.音素验证法：填写a/an时，必须再次验证单词的首音素，避免元音字母/元音音素混淆。 三、句型转换题解题技巧 1.单数句改复数句：a/an要去掉，改为some/any；the保持不变，零冠词依然用零冠词。 例：This is a book. → These are books. 2.肯定句改否定句/一般疑问句：the保持不变，a/an在疑问句中可保留，肯定句中的some改为any。 3.对划线部分提问：对冠词修饰的名词提问用what/which，对数量提问用how many/how much，对所属关系提问用whose，the跟随名词保留在句中。 四、短文改错题解题技巧 1.固定搭配排查法：先排查文中的高频固定短语，看冠词是否多余/遗漏，比如by the bus要去掉the，play piano要加the。 2.泛指特指验证法：看名词前的冠词是否符合泛指/特指逻辑，首次提到的单数名词用a/an，再次提到用the。 3.高频易错点排查：重点排查三餐、球类、乐器、交通工具、序数词、最高级前的冠词使用，这是山东小升初改错高频错误点。 五、完形填空解题技巧 1.上下文联动法：先通读全文，首次出现的名词用a/an，后文再次出现同一个名词用the。 2.语境逻辑法：结合上下文语境，判断是泛指还是特指，确定冠词。 3.固定搭配优先法：空格前后是固定短语的，优先按固定搭配选择，不纠结语境。 4.代入验证法：选完答案后，把冠词代入原文，通读句子，检查语法和语义是否通顺。 一、单项选择，运用解题技巧选出正确答案。 ( ) 1. There is ______ old man under the tree. ______ old man is my grandpa. A. a; The B. an; The C. the; An D. an; An ( ) 2. We often have ______ lunch at school, and ______ lunch we have is very delicious. A. /; the B. the; / C. the; the D. /; / ( ) 3. My brother can play ______ guitar, and he can also play ______ table tennis. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / ( ) 4. It's ______ useful book, and I read it for ______ hour every day. A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an ( ) 5. ______ Great Wall is one of ______ greatest wonders in the world. A. The; the B. /; the C. The; / D. /; / 一、用a/an/the/ / 填空，运用解题技巧完成句子。 1.I have ______ beautiful pet dog. ______ dog is very cute. 2.We go to ______ school five days ______ week. 3.______ earth moves around ______ sun. 4.I usually get up at 6:30 in ______ morning. 5.He is ______ honest boy, and he is ______ tallest student in our class. 二、句型转换，按要求完成句子，注意冠词变化。 1.This is an orange.（改为复数句）____________________________________________________ 2.There is a book on the desk.（改为一般疑问句）______________________________________ 3.He plays the piano every day.（改为否定句）__________________________________________ 4.The girl in red is my sister.（对划线部分提问）______________________________________ 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There is ______ “m” in the word “mother”. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. We often go to ______ park near our home on weekends. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. My sister likes playing ______ piano, but I like playing ______ badminton. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / ( ) 4. ______ Brown family are going to visit Shandong next month. A. A B. An C. The D. / ( ) 5. I have ______ breakfast at 7 o'clock, and I have ______ egg and a glass of milk for it. A. /; an B. the; a C. /; a D. the; an ( ) 6. ______ Yellow River is ______ mother river of China. A. /; the B. The; the C. The; a D. /; a ( ) 7. He is ______ 8-year-old boy from a small village in Shandong. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 8. We should help ______ blind when we see them in trouble. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 9. —How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by ______ bike. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 10. This is ______ very interesting story and it is also ______ most interesting story I have ever read. A. a; the B. an; the C. a; a D. an; an ( ) 11. There is ______ “h” in the word “honest”, and ______ “h” is not pronounced. A. a; the B. an; the C. an; an D. a; an ( ) 12. We usually have ______ English class on ______ Tuesday morning. A. an; the B. a; / C. an; / D. the; the ( ) 13. ______ number of students in our school is over 2000, and ______ number of them like sports. A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a ( ) 14. —What's ______ matter with you? —I have ______ cold. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; / D. /; / ( ) 15. We will visit ______ Great Wall and ______ Mount Tai during the summer holiday. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; / 二、用a/an/the/ / 填空。 1.______ apple a day keeps the doctor away. 2.He is ______ university student, and he studies in ______ university in Jinan. 3.Can you play ______ guitar for us at the party? 4.We have ______ math class every day except ______ Saturday and Sunday. 5.______ moon goes around ______ earth all the time. 6.______ Spring Festival is ______ most important festival in China. 7.I usually go to ______ bed at 9:30 in ______ evening. 8.There is ______ dog under the tree. ______ dog is black and white. 9.My brother is ______ doctor, and he works in ______ hospital near our home. 10.We can see a lot of old things in ______ museum. 11.______ old man over there is my grandfather. 12.I have ______ new bike, and ______ bike is blue. 13.We often go to ______ beach in Qingdao in summer. 14.What ______ nice day it is today! 三、按要求完成下列各题。 1.改正下列句子中冠词的用法错误（每题2分，共10分） (1) She is an honest girl, and she has a useful book. ______________________________________________________ (2) I go to the school by the bus every day. ______________________________________________________ (3) He likes to play the football after school. ______________________________________________________ (4) My favorite festival is Children's Day, and I like the spring too. ______________________________________________________ (5) There is a "u" and an "s" in the word "us". ______________________________________________________ 2.句型转换，按要求改写句子，注意冠词变化。 (1) This is a beautiful flower.（改为复数句） ______________________________________________________ (2) There is an orange in the box.（改为一般疑问句） ______________________________________________________ (3) He plays the violin very well.（改为否定句） ______________________________________________________ (4) The book on the desk is mine.（对划线部分提问） ______________________________________________________ (5) I have a new pen.（改为复数句） ______________________________________________________ 3.判断下列句子中冠词使用是否正确，正确写“T”，错误写“F”。 ( ) (1) The sun rises in the east. ( ) (2) We have a lunch at home every day. ( ) (3) He is a tallest boy in our class. ( ) (4) I go to the park with my friends once a week. ( ) (5) There is an university in this city. 四、完形填空。 Hello, my name is Li Hua. I live in 1.______ small city in Shandong. I am 2.______ 11-year-old student in Grade Six. My favorite subject is 3.______ English. I have 4.______ good friend. His name is Tom. He is from 5.______ UK. We often play 6.______ basketball together after school. We also learn to play 7.______ piano on weekends. Every morning, I have 8.______ breakfast at 7 o'clock. Then I go to school by 9.______ bike. At school, we have 10.______ English class at 9 o'clock. Our English teacher is 11.______ kind woman. We all like her very much. ( ) 1. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 2. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 3. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 4. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 5. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 6. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 7. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 8. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 9. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 11. A. a B. an C. the D. / 五、阅读理解。 My name is Zhang Wei. I live in Jinan, the capital city of Shandong. I am a student in Grade Six. I will go to middle school soon. I have many hobbies. I like playing the guitar and playing football. I also like reading books. I have a lot of books in my study. On weekends, I often go to the Daming Lake with my parents. Sometimes we visit the Baotu Spring. We also go to the Mount Tai twice a year. I love my hometown very much. ( ) 1. Where does Zhang Wei live? A. Qingdao B. Jinan C. Yantai D. Weifang ( ) 2. What does Zhang Wei like playing? A. The piano and football B. The guitar and basketball C. The guitar and football D. The piano and basketball ( ) 3. Where does Zhang Wei often go on weekends? A. The Great Wall B. The Yellow River C. The Daming Lake D. The West Lake ( ) 4. How often does Zhang Wei go to Mount Tai? A. Once a year B. Twice a year C. Once a month D. Twice a month ( ) 5. What grade is Zhang Wei in? A. Grade Five B. Grade Six C. Grade Seven D. Grade Eight 答案与解析 考点一 考点再现： 一、1.an 2.a 3.an 4.an 5.an 6.a 7.an 8.a 二、1.B 2.B 3.B 过关训练： 一、1.an改为a 2.a改为an 3.去掉an和a 4.a改为an 二、1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 考点二 考点再现： 一、1.the 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.the 6./ 7.the 8.the 9.the 10.the 二、1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 过关训练： 一、1.a改为the 2.去掉the 3.去掉the 4.去掉The 二、1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 考点三 考点再现： 一、1./ 2./ 3./ 4./ 5./ 6./ 7./ 8./ 9./ 10./ 二、1.D 2.D 3.B 4.D 过关训练： 一、1.去掉the 2.第一个the去掉 3.去掉两个the 4.去掉the 二、1.D 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 考点四 考点再现： 一、1.the 2.a 3.The 4.a 5.the 二、1.A 2.C 3.A 过关训练： 一、1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 二、1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 考点五 考点再现： 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 过关训练： 一、1.a; The 2./; a 3.The; the 4.the 5.an; the 二、1.These are oranges. 2.Is there a book on the desk? 3.He doesn't play the piano every day. 4.Which girl is your sister? 一、单项选择。 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.C 【解析】 1.字母m发音为/em/，以元音音素开头，用an，考查a/an的音素判断规则。 3.乐器前加the，球类运动前用零冠词，是山东小升初高频考点。 4.the+姓氏复数表一家人，the Brown family表示布朗一家人。 6.江河名称前必须加the，特指母亲河用the。 8.the+形容词表一类人，the blind表示盲人。 13.the number of表“……的数量”，a number of表“许多”，是山东高频易混考点。 15.普通名词构成的专有名词the Great Wall必须加the，单个山峰Mount Tai用零冠词。 二、用a/an/the/ / 填空。 1.An 2.a; a 3.the 4.a; / 5.The; the 6.The; the 7./; the 8.a; The 9.a; the 10.the 11.The 12.a; the 13.the 14.a 【解析】 1. An解析：考查不定冠词 an 的用法。apple 发音以元音音素 /æ/ 开头，需用 an；单词位于句首，首字母必须大写；本句是固定谚语，表泛指 “一个苹果”，符合不定冠词表类别泛指的用法。 2. a; a 解析：考查不定冠词 a 的音素判断。university 发音以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，即使首字母是元音字母 u，也必须用 a，不能用 an；两处均表泛指 “一所大学”，用不定冠词 a。 3. the解析：考查定冠词 the 的固定用法。西洋乐器名称前必须加定冠词 the，是山东小升初高频必考考点。 4. a; / 解析：考查不定冠词与零冠词用法。第一空表泛指 “一节数学课”，math 发音以辅音音素开头，用 a；第二空星期名称前用零冠词，是零冠词核心用法。 5. The; the 解析：考查定冠词 the 的固定用法。世界上独一无二的事物（太阳、地球）前，必须加定冠词 the；第一空位于句首，首字母大写。 6. The; the 解析：考查定冠词 the 的固定用法。第一空，由普通名词构成的节日名称（春节）前需加 the；第二空，形容词最高级（most important）前必须加定冠词 the，是山东小升初高频考点。 7. /; the 解析：考查零冠词与定冠词固定搭配。第一空 go to bed 是固定短语，用零冠词；第二空 in the evening 是固定搭配，必须加定冠词 the。 8. a; The 解析：考查冠词泛指与特指的核心区别。第一空首次提到 “狗”，表泛指，用 a；第二空再次提到前文出现的这只狗，表特指，用定冠词 the，句首首字母大写。 9. a; the 解析：考查冠词泛指与特指的区别。第一空表泛指 “一名医生”，用 a；第二空特指 “我们家附近的医院”，双方都明确指代的事物，用定冠词 the。 10. the 解析：考查定冠词 the 的特指用法。此处特指 “说话双方都知道的那家博物馆”，用定冠词 the。 11. The 解析：考查定冠词 the 的特指用法。over there 限定了是 “那边的那位老人”，是明确的特指，用定冠词 the，句首首字母大写。 12. a; the 解析：考查冠词泛指与特指的区别。第一空首次提到 “新自行车”，表泛指，用 a；第二空再次提到这辆自行车，表特指，用定冠词 the。 13. the 解析：考查定冠词 the 的特指用法。此处特指 “青岛的海滩”，是明确的限定指代，用定冠词 the。 14. a 解析：考查不定冠词在感叹句中的用法。what 引导的感叹句结构为 “What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数”，nice 发音以辅音音素开头，用 a。 三、按要求完成下列各题。 1.改正句子错误。 (1) 正确，无需修改 (2) 去掉两个the，go to school和by bus均为零冠词固定搭配 (3) 去掉the，球类运动前用零冠词 (4) 去掉第二个the，季节泛指前用零冠词 (5) 正确，无需修改 【解析】 (1) 答案：句子无错误，无需修改。 解析：honest 发音以元音音素 /ɒ/ 开头，用 an；useful 发音以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，用 a，完全符合不定冠词的音素判断规则，用法全部正确。 (2) 答案：I go to school by bus every day.（去掉两个 the） 解析：考查零冠词固定搭配。go to school 是固定短语，表 “上学”，用零冠词；by + 交通工具的结构中，交通工具前必须用零冠词，是山东小升初高频易错点。 (3) 答案：He likes to play football after school.（去掉 football 前的 the） 解析：考查零冠词固定用法。球类运动、棋类游戏名称前，必须用零冠词，不能加定冠词 the，是小升初冠词题必考易错点。 (4) 答案：My favorite festival is Children's Day, and I like spring too.（去掉 spring 前的 the） 解析：考查零冠词用法。泛指季节、月份、星期的名词前，用零冠词；只有特指某一年的季节时，才需要加定冠词 the（如 in the spring of 2026）。 (5) 答案：句子无错误，无需修改。 解析：字母 u 发音以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，用 a；字母 s 发音以元音音素 /e/ 开头，用 an，完全符合不定冠词的音素判断规则，用法全部正确。 2.句型转换。 (1) These are beautiful flowers. (2) Is there an orange in the box? (3) He doesn't play the violin very well. (4) Which book is yours? (5) We have some new pens. 【解析】 (1) These are beautiful flowers.解析：考查单数句改复数句的冠词变化规则。单数句改复数句时，需对应修改：指示代词 This→These，be 动词 is→are，去掉表泛指的不定冠词 a，单数可数名词 flower→复数形式 flowers，形容词 beautiful 保持不变。 (2) Is there an orange in the box?解析：考查 there be 句型的一般疑问句转换。there be 句型变一般疑问句，直接将 be 动词 is 提到句首，首字母大写，句末改为问号；其余内容保持不变，orange 以元音音素开头，不定冠词 an 保留不变。 (3) He doesn't play the violin very well.解析：考查一般现在时的否定句转换。主语 He 是第三人称单数，变否定句需借助助动词 doesn't，谓语动词第三人称单数 plays 变回原形 play；乐器前的定冠词 the 是固定用法，保持不变。 (4) Which book is yours?解析：划线部分为后置定语 on the desk（表限定），用特殊疑问词 Which 提问，询问 “哪一本书”。 (5) We have some new pens.解析：考查单数句改复数句的冠词变化规则。人称代词 I→We，谓语动词 have 保持原形；表泛指的不定冠词 a 改为 some（修饰复数名词），单数可数名词 pen→复数形式 pens，形容词 new 保持不变。 3.判断正误。 (1) T (2) F (3) F (4) T (5) F 【解析】 (1)T 解析：考查定冠词 the 的固定用法。世界上独一无二的事物 sun 前必须加 the，方位词 east 前也需加 the，冠词用法完全正确。 (2)F 解析：考查零冠词固定用法。三餐名词（breakfast/lunch/dinner）前用零冠词，不能加不定冠词 a，正确句子为 We have lunch at home every day. (3)F 解析：考查定冠词 the 的固定用法。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the，不能用不定冠词 a，正确句子为 He is the tallest boy in our class. (4)T 解析：考查定冠词与不定冠词的用法。the park 特指双方都知道的公园，用 the；once a week 是固定搭配，a 表 “每一”，冠词用法完全正确。 (5)F 解析：考查不定冠词的音素判断。university 发音以辅音音素 /juː/ 开头，需用不定冠词 a，不能用 an，正确句子为 There is a university in this city. 四、阅读理解。 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 1. A 解析：考查不定冠词泛指用法。句意为 “我住在山东的一个小城市里”，此处表泛指 “一个小城市”，small 发音以辅音音素开头，用 a；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，the 表特指，均不符合语境。 2. B 解析：考查不定冠词的音素判断。11-year-old 发音以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头，需用 an，表泛指 “一名 11 岁的学生”；a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，the 表特指，均不符合语境。 3. D 解析：考查零冠词用法。学科名称（English）前用零冠词，是零冠词核心考点，无需加 a/an/the。 4. A 解析：考查不定冠词泛指用法。句意为 “我有一个好朋友”，表泛指 “一个”，good 发音以辅音音素开头，用 a；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，the 表特指，均不符合语境。 5. C 解析：考查定冠词固定用法。由普通名词构成的国名 the UK（英国），必须加定冠词 the，是专有名词冠词用法的高频考点。 6. D 解析：考查零冠词用法。球类运动（basketball）前用零冠词，无需加 a/an/the，是小升初必考知识点。 7. C 解析：考查定冠词固定用法。西洋乐器（piano）前必须加定冠词 the，无需加 a/an。 8. D 解析：考查零冠词固定搭配。三餐名词（breakfast）前用零冠词，无需加 a/an/the，固定搭配 have breakfast 表 “吃早餐”。 9. D 解析：考查零冠词固定搭配。by + 交通工具（bike）的结构中，交通工具前用零冠词，无需加 a/an/the。 10. B 解析：考查不定冠词的音素判断。句意为 “我们 9 点有一节英语课”，表泛指 “一节英语课”，English 发音以元音音素开头，用 an；a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，the 表特指，均不符合语境。 11.A 解析：考查不定冠词泛指用法。句意为 “我们的英语老师是一位和蔼的女士”，表泛指 “一位”，kind 发音以辅音音素开头，用 a；an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，the 表特指，均不符合语境。 五、阅读理解 1.B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 【解析】 1. B 解析：原文定位：My name is Zhang Wei. I live in Jinan, the capital city of Shandong.解析：原文明确提到张伟住在济南，对应选项 B。 2. C 解析：原文定位：I have many hobbies. I like playing the guitar and playing football.解析：原文明确提到张伟的爱好是弹吉他和踢足球，对应选项 C。 3. C 解析：原文定位：On weekends, I often go to the Daming Lake with my parents.解析：原文明确提到张伟周末经常去大明湖，对应选项 C。 4. B 解析：原文定位：We also go to the Mount Tai twice a year.解析：原文明确提到张伟一年去两次泰山，对应选项 B。 5. B 解析：原文定位：I am a student in Grade Six.解析：原文明确提到张伟是六年级的学生，对应选项 B。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $