专题01 记叙文（语篇知识+试题特征+主题预测）-2026年中考英语阅读知识结构化+时文热点突破（通用版）

2026年中考英语冲刺之阅读知识结构化+时文热点突破（通用版） 专题01 记叙文（语篇知识+试题特征+主题预测） 记叙文语篇及试题特征的结构化梳理 1 记叙文类热点话题阅读预测 3 猜想一 个人成长与自我突破 5 猜想二 家庭亲情与代际沟通 7 猜想三 校园生活与同伴友谊 8 猜想四 社会公益与责任担当 10 猜想五 人与自然与生态保护 11 猜想六 传统文化与非遗传承 13 猜想七 科技生活与未来想象 15 猜想八 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 16 猜想九 挫折教育与逆境重生 18 猜想十 诚实品质与道德抉择 20 记叙文语篇及试题特征的结构化梳理 记叙文的语篇类型特征 要素 特征描述 人物（Who） 包括主角和配角，常涉及人物之间的关系（如亲情、友情），并通过行为、语言、心理描写展现其性格与情感变化。 事件（What） 围绕一个核心故事展开，包含完整的起因、经过与结果，情节发展具有逻辑性和因果链条。 时间（When） 通常以过去时为主，时间线索清晰，可能包含具体的时间点或时间段，推动情节发展。 地点（Where） 明确的场景设定，如家庭、学校、自然环境等，场景转换服务于情节推进和氛围营造。 主旨（Why） 蕴含积极向上的价值观，如坚持、勇气、诚实、责任感、心理韧性、文化自信等，强调“立德树人”的教育导向。 语言特点 语言生动自然，多源自英文原版材料改编；包含丰富的对话、心理描写和感官细节；可能出现长难句，强调语境理解。 结构特征 遵循时间顺序（自然顺序）展开叙述，结构清晰：开头引入背景，中间推进情节，结尾揭示主旨或情感升华；常采用“引言—主体—结论”框架。 试题特征分析 考查维度 具体内容 题型 主要为选择题（单选为主），部分地区包含非选择题（如简答、填空）。每篇记叙文设题3–8小题。 考查形式 涵盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、观点态度、段落目的/结构等功能性题型。 命题思路 --- 强调“真正读懂”而非“看到文字”，考查对情感脉络、因果关系、核心价值的理解。 --- 设题顺序通常与故事情节发展一致。 --- 注重高阶思维能力，如归纳整合、深层推断、言外之意识别。 典型设问方式 --- 细节理解题：According to the passage, what did Sarah find in the attic? --- 推理判断题：What can we infer about Dwayne’s attitude towards his life? --- 词义猜测题：What does the word “breakthrough” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? --- 主旨大意题：What is the main idea of the passage? --- 作者意图题：Why does the author mention “slower shoes” in the text? --- 段落功能题：What is the purpose of the first paragraph? 备考建议 --- 精读首尾段，把握主旨和情感基调。 --- 定位关键词（时间、人名、数字）快速匹配原文。 --- 注意同义替换，避免误选表面信息。 --- 区分人物行为与观点，警惕时态和顺序陷阱。 --- 加强对长难句和“熟词生义”的语境理解训练。 --- 多练习融合多个信息点的综合性题目，提升整体理解能力。 记叙文类热点话题阅读预测 10大主题结构化梳理 1. 个人成长与自我突破 预测方向：这类主题依然是重中之重。故事可能围绕主人公如何克服恐惧、懒惰或自卑，通过努力最终实现目标或获得感悟。 具体情境预测：学习一项新技能（如编程、乐器、烹饪）时的挫折与坚持；参加体育比赛或演讲比赛，从紧张怯场到享受过程；第一次独立解决问题（如独自旅行、处理人际冲突）。 核心考点：细节理解（主人公的心理变化过程）、推理判断（导致转变的关键事件）。 2. 家庭亲情与代际沟通 预测方向：聚焦家庭成员之间的爱与理解，特别是两代人之间的观念碰撞与和解。 具体情境预测：父母看似严厉或不解风情的行为背后隐藏的深意（如父亲默默支持孩子的爱好）；祖孙之间的温情故事，通过老物件或传统手艺连接情感；二胎家庭中，大孩子从嫉妒到学会关爱弟弟妹妹的过程。 核心考点：情感态度（作者对人物关系的看法）、主旨大意（家庭价值观的体现）。 3. 校园生活与同伴友谊 预测方向：贴近学生实际生活，探讨友谊的真谛、团队合作的重要性以及师生情谊。 具体情境预测：小组合作完成项目（如科学实验、戏剧表演）时的分歧与协作；误会朋友后的愧疚与修复友谊的过程；老师的一句鼓励或一个特殊的举动改变了“差生”的轨迹。 核心考点：细节捕捉（对话中的关键信息）、词义猜测（描述人物性格的形容词）。 4. 社会公益与责任担当 预测方向：体现青少年的社会责任感，弘扬正能量。 具体情境预测：参与社区志愿服务（如敬老院慰问、垃圾分类宣传）的所见所感；路遇他人困难（如老人摔倒、迷路儿童）时的抉择与行动；通过义卖或募捐帮助贫困地区儿童的感人经历。 核心考点：推理判断（主人公行为的动机）、观点态度（对社会责任的理解）。 5. 人与自然与生态保护 预测方向：结合环保热点，讲述人类与动物、环境的和谐共处。 具体情境预测：救助受伤野生动物并放归自然的经历；参与植树造林或保护湿地生态的实践活动；观察自然界某种生物（如蜜蜂筑巢、蚂蚁搬家）获得的科学启示（类似材料中Simon观察蜜蜂的故事）。 核心考点：细节理解（生物习性或环保措施）、主旨归纳（人与自然共生理念）。 6. 传统文化与非遗传承 预测方向：增强文化自信，讲述中国传统文化的魅力及年轻一代的传承。 具体情境预测：学习剪纸、京剧、书法、茶艺等传统技艺的过程；向外国友人介绍中国传统节日（如春节、中秋节）的习俗；探访古镇或博物馆，了解历史文物背后的故事。 核心考点：文化意识（中西文化差异）、细节理解（传统习俗的具体步骤）。 7. 科技生活与未来想象 预测方向：随着科技发展，AI、VR等元素可能融入记叙文，探讨科技对生活的改变。 具体情境预测：使用AI辅助学习或生活的趣事与反思（如AI写作业引发的思考）；体验虚拟现实（VR）技术重现历史场景的奇妙经历；智能家居设备带来的便利与偶尔的“尴尬”。 核心考点：推理判断（科技带来的利弊）、词义猜测（科技类词汇在语境中的含义）。 8. 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 预测方向：通过旅行拓宽视野，体验不同地域的风土人情。 具体情境预测：去不同省份或国家旅行时的文化冲击与适应；在旅途中偶遇陌生人，通过交流消除偏见；“读万卷书，行万里路”，将书本知识在旅行中验证。 核心考点：细节理解（地点特征、风俗习惯）、逻辑推理（旅行带来的思想转变）。 9. 挫折教育与逆境重生 预测方向：关注心理健康，讲述如何面对失败、疾病或失去。 具体情境预测：考试失利或比赛落选后的自我调节与重新出发；身患疾病或遭遇意外后的乐观生活态度；失去心爱之物或宠物后的悲伤与成长。 核心考点：情感态度（面对逆境的心态）、主旨大意（挫折的意义）。 10. 诚实品质与道德抉择 预测方向：在面临诱惑或压力时，如何坚守道德底线。 具体情境预测：捡到财物后的内心挣扎与最终归还；为了面子撒谎后的愧疚与坦白；在集体利益与个人利益冲突时的选择。 核心考点：推理判断（人物内心矛盾）、观点态度（对诚信价值观的肯定）。 猜想一 个人成长与自我突破 As I stepped out of the DMV (车管所) with my license and my head held high, I thought of all the new memories I could create. The places I could drive to were limitless. As I started driving, however, I realized that it wasn’t the GPS saying, “You have reached your destination,” that gave me a rush in my heart. The journey became more electrifying as I sang along to my “Driving Playlist”. I never understood when my mom asked me, “Do you want to go out for a drive, man?” There was nowhere to go—I didn’t have a class or a club that we would be driving to. It would be 5:00 pm on a random Tuesday when she posed the question. I declined the offer. For a long time, I approached my creative aspirations the same way I viewed those drives—only with a purpose when given a specific destination. I only picked up a paintbrush when school required it for a project. I only took up a book when I had a reading assignment. I knew I needed to change the belief that because there wasn’t a grade attached to my passion, that was meaningless. In an art project, a good friend of mine offered a solution that erased my desire for perfection: she told me to just draw aimlessly on paper. Without an end product in mind, I was able to construct a masterpiece that I could be proud of without having to receive an “A+” on it. In the past, I was driven by the fear of missing out (FOMO). Instead of enjoying moments with my friends, I attended every single academic event because I worried about the consequences if I missed one. At the start of my senior year, I feared missing out on the “high school experience” that was portrayed (描绘) in the movies I watched growing up. Yet, I am now defining my own version of that experience. It is worthwhile to pursue simple passions in life. There doesn’t need to be a grand reason for venturing out of the house; driving just for the sake of driving is my favourite pastime. The day I got my license, I no longer grabbed the wheel with hesitation; I was in control of it as I uncovered a new world of possibilities. 1．How did the author feel when he first got his driver’s license? A．Rewarded. B．Heartened. C．Honoured. D．Relieved. 2．What changed the author’s perspective on school life? A．His desire to receive an “A+”. B．Moments shared with his friends. C．A product to create a masterpiece. D．A friend’s suggestion to draw aimlessly. 3．The author’s previous FOMO was related to ________. A．the movies on high school life B．a grand reason for driving around C．the pressure of study in high school D．a grade attached to academic events 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Trends help you find your true passion. B．A journey holds more than the destination. C．A well-planned path finally leads to success. D．Childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过考驾照后对驾驶意义的重新理解，结合朋友建议改变对兴趣的态度，摆脱FOMO，认识到追求无目的的简单热爱比结果更重要。 1．第一段说明：“I stepped out of the DMV with my license and my head held high”，作者拿到驾照后“head held high”，感到充满可能，说明他感到振奋。 2．第三段说明：“a good friend of mine offered a solution...she told me to just draw aimlessly on paper. Without an end product in mind, I was able to construct a masterpiece”，改变他观点的是一位朋友“随意画画”的建议。 3．第四段说明：“In the past, I was driven by the fear of missing out (FOMO). Instead of enjoying moments with my friends, I attended every single academic event because I worried about the consequences if I missed one.”，作者怕错过学术活动、怕有不好后果，错失恐惧的根源是学业压力。 4．结合第一段“The journey became more electrifying as I sang along to my ‘Driving Playlist’.”和最后一段“I no longer grabbed the wheel with hesitation; I was in control of it as I uncovered a new world of possibilities.”可知， 全文核心观点是过程（旅程）本身比目的地更重要。 猜想二 家庭亲情与代际沟通 Hi, I’m Bella. My grandmother, Mary, is so into gardening. After retiring (退休) from the hospital, she spends most of her time in her yard. In spring, she plants seeds (种子) and enjoys the beautiful flowers. When autumn comes, she gets busy harvesting fruits and collecting fallen leaves. Through her care, the yard becomes a living work of art that changes with every season. However, gardening is not always easy, and my grandma meets with difficulties too. For years, a big apple tree in the middle of the yard never had any fruit. My grandma tried almost everything: she read gardening books, searched online, and even talked and sang to the tree. But nothing worked. Finally, Grandma asked her friend Jamie, an agricultural expert for help. “Maybe you should hit the bottom of the tree to stimulate (刺激) its roots,” Jamie said. “What? Are you sure?” Grandma thought it was strange because she never heard of it before. But she decided to give it a try. Some neighbors came out to watch and thought she was crazy. However, Grandma didn’t give up and did it every day. To her surprise, something amazing happened the next spring. Flowers began to grow on the apple tree, and by autumn, its branches were heavy with fruit. My grandma was so excited that she invited all of us to enjoy the apples. Now, whenever we go through a hard time, Grandma shares the story of her apple tree. She says, “ ▲ .” 1．What did Grandma do to help the apple tree before asking Jamie? ①She read gardening books.    ②She planted new seeds.    ③She searched online.        ④She talked and sang to the tree. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．Why does the writer mention Grandma’s many tries in Paragraph 2? A．To show how hard Grandma tried to solve the problem. B．To explain why Grandma needed help from an expert. C．To introduce Jamie, an agricultural expert. D．To describe the apple tree’s appearance. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Grandma? A．Strict and serious. B．Careless and impatient. C．Humorous and quiet. D．Patient and open-minded. 4．How does the writer organize the text? A．Problem—Solution B．Cause—Effect C．Main idea—Details D．Fact—Opinion 5．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．We should try new ways to solve problems all the time B．We should keep patient and never give up easily C．We should always ask for help when we meet difficulties D．We should value the time we spend with our families 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bella的祖母Mary热爱园艺，退休后大部分时间都在院子里度过。她遇到了一棵多年不结果的苹果树，尝试多种方法无果后，最终在农业专家Jamie的建议下，通过每天敲打树根刺激其生长，最终使苹果树结果。祖母通过这个故事鼓励家人在面对困难时要保持耐心和不放弃。 1．文章第二段指出“My grandma tried almost everything: she read gardening books, searched online, and even talked and sang to the tree.”，直接说明了祖母在求助Jamie之前尝试了读书、上网搜索以及和树说话唱歌。 2．文章第二段提及祖母尝试了几乎所有方法，表明她为解决问题付出了很大努力，强调了她的坚持和努力。 3．文章第三段和第四段提到祖母在面对邻居的质疑时没有放弃，坚持每天敲打树根，最终成功，体现了她的耐心和开放心态。 4．文章先描述了祖母遇到苹果树不结果的问题，然后讲述了她尝试多种方法并最终通过专家建议解决问题的过程，符合“问题—解决方案”的结构。 5．文章最后一段提到祖母通过苹果树的故事鼓励家人在面对困难时要保持耐心和不放弃，因此选项B“我们应该保持耐心，永不轻易放弃”最符合语境。 猜想三 校园生活与同伴友谊 As a new teacher in Denver, Kyle felt that there was something she didn’t know about her students. She thought up a lesson plan called “I Wish My Teacher Knew.” For the activity, Kyle’s students wrote down a thought and shared something they’d like their teacher to know about. The students loved this idea. Many of them not only were willing to include their names, but also enjoyed sharing it with the class. “I wish my teacher knew I don’t have pencils at home to do my homework,” one wrote. “I wish my teacher knew I don’t have friends to play with me,” another shared. “I wish my teacher knew sometimes my homework is not signed (签名) because my mom is not around a lot,” another read. After she learned most of her students led hard lives, Kyle shared some of the notes on social media. She hoped other teachers would use the same lesson with their own students. Soon posts and photos of notes from other schools poured in (不断涌现) from around the world. “After one student shared that she had no one to play with at break, the next day during break I noticed she was playing with a group of girls. Not only can I support my students, but my students can support each other,” said Kyle. Kyle’s story· won the hearts of many people. “I take my hat off to this teacher. It must have been heartbreaking (令人心碎的) after reading these stories,” said one person. “If every person does one nice thing for someone, no matter how small, the world would be a better place.” 1．What did the students need to do in the activity? A．Write down their wishes. B．Play at break with friends. C．Get their homework signed. D．Have more pencils at home. 2．What do we know from the story? A．The students put notes on social media. B．All the students led hard lives. C．Many people supported Kyle’s idea. D．The students liked to study in some ways. 3．How do you understand the underlined sentence? A．I look up to the teacher. B．I encourage the teacher. C．I agree with the teacher. D．I don’t believe the teacher. 4．Which of the following words best describes Kyle? A．Imaginative. B．Polite. C．Responsible. D．Friendly. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了丹佛的新教师Kyle设计了名为“I Wish My Teacher Knew”的课堂活动，让学生写下想让老师知道的心事，她通过这些纸条了解到学生的困境并分享到社交平台，引发了全球教师的响应，温暖了许多人。 1．第二段“For the activity, Kyle’s students wrote down a thought and shared something they’d like their teacher to know about.”，学生需要写下自己的想法，也就是他们希望老师了解的心愿。 2．第七段“Soon posts and photos of notes from other schools poured in from around the world.”以及**第八段**：“Kyle’s story won the hearts of many people.”，说明许多人支持Kyle的这个想法，全球各地的老师都效仿了她的做法。   3．第八段划线句：“I take my hat off to this teacher.”，这是英语习语，意为“向这位老师脱帽致敬”，表达对老师的敬佩与尊重，和“I look up to the teacher.”含义一致。 4． 第一段“Kyle felt that there was something she didn’t know about her students. She thought up a lesson plan...”、第七段“Not only can I support my students, but my students can support each other”等内容，Kyle主动设计活动了解学生、关注学生困境并分享经验帮助他人，体现了她的责任心。 猜想四 社会公益与责任担当 “I want to be able to share my love of reading with as many people as possible,” Orion Jean said. Orion is a young boy from Fort Worth, Texas. He is making a difference to the world with his acts of kindness-sharing the gift of reading with hundreds of kids. It all began after a student kindness competition last year where he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step. “Kindness is a virtue (美德) we can all have, if we are willing to,” he said. “So why not start today? Because right now, it’s what we need more than ever.” With the $500 prize money he won, Orion donated toys to a local children’s hospital. Next, he helped prepare 100,000 meals for families in Texas. And now he wants to give books to kids who may not have them and plans to collect 500,000 books in a “Race to Kindness”. With 120,000 books collected so far, Orion is asking people across the country to give away their used books. Orion said, “It’s not a one-time thing, and it’s not a three-time thing. It’s something that we can hopefully keep on doing for years and years to come.” And even if Orion hasn’t met the goal of collecting 500,000 books, he has done far more to put books into the hands of poor children than most. “It’s all about my moral (道德) responsibility to help people,” Orion said. “You know, it’s my responsibility to be able to see that these people who need help know that I can help them.” 1．What did Orion do in the student kindness competition last year? A．He prepared meals for poor families. B．He shared encouraging words to start kindness. C．He donated toys to a local children’s hospital. D．He gave books to kids who needed them. 2．What does Orion think about his kind actions? A．They should be done only a few times. B．They need to be a long-term, continuous effort. C．They should focus on donating money. D．They have to spread to every country. 3．Why does Orion keep helping others? A．He wants to win the kindness competition again. B．His school asks students to do after-school tasks. C．He sees it as his moral duty to help those in need. D．It can help him with his own growth and studies. 4．Which of the following words fits Orion best? A．Helpful and kind. B．Knowledgeable and careful. C．Serious and rich. D．Brave and cool. 5．Which title is the most suitable for the passage? A．Student’s Daily Life B．Winning Prize Money C．Do Something Valuable D．Race to Kindness 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自得克萨斯州沃思堡的男孩Orion Jean通过一系列善举，如分享鼓励的话语、捐赠玩具、准备食物以及收集书籍送给需要的孩子等，来向世界传递善意，展现了他的善良和乐于助人的品质。 1．第二段提到：“he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step”，说明Orion在去年的学生善意竞赛中分享了鼓励的话语来开启善意行动。 2．第四段提到：“It’s not a one - time thing, and it’s not a three-time thing. It’s something that we can hopefully keep on doing for years and years to come.”，说明Orion认为他的善举应该是一项长期的、持续的努力。 3．第五段提到：“It’s all about my moral (道德) responsibility to help people”，说明Orion认为帮助他人是他的道德责任。 4．根据全文，Orion不断进行各种善举，如分享鼓励话语、捐赠物品、收集书籍等，说明他乐于助人且善良。 5．文章主要围绕Orion的善举展开，尤其是他发起的“Race to Kindness”收集书籍活动，D选项“Race to Kindness”最能概括文章主旨。 猜想五 人与自然与生态保护 ①I’m now very old and near the end of my life. But I can still remember many many years ago, I lived with my mother, aunts and cousins in a wild and beautiful land. We enjoyed our time under the deep blue sky. We had more than enough to eat. We never worried about anything until one day, when I was about three. ②On that day, a group of two-legged strangers appeared in front of us—I found out later that they were humans. Without warning they raised their guns and shot dead my mother and several of my relatives. As I was about to be shot, one of them said, “Keep that little one. He’s handsome and seems smart. We can make greater use of him.” I was then trained and made to do all kinds of stupid acts to make humans laugh. ③Now, years and years later, things are changing for the better. Our population is starting to grow again. My great-great-grandsons and granddaughters are able to move freely across the land. They search for food, water and places to rest. The little ones sometimes break crops and people’s homes. But they are not chased or harmed. There are no angry humans going after them. Instead, people leave them bags of corn and fruit on the roadside. The food leads them in the right direction back to their homeland. Drones (无人机) follow their progress and volunteers protect them from harm. The little ones do not have to worry about anything. They move around without a care in the world. They eat when they are hungry and sleep when tired. They swim in the river and play when they feel like it. No one asks them to move away from their land. ④What a wonderful world this is! This is a world of harmony between man and other animals. In the old world, we were killed for our tusks (象牙). In this new world, humans respect and value all animals. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By sharing a memory from the past. B．By describing a beautiful sight. C．By giving facts about elephant population. D．By telling a story about a young boy. 2．How did “I” feel in Paragraph 2? A．Scared and sad. B．Surprised but excited. C．Angry and careless. D．Tired but peaceful. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Elephants are still in great danger today. B．Elephants now live without any help from humans. C．People are helping elephants live safely and freely. D．Humans are angry about the damage elephants cause. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Elephant’s Sad Past B．From Pain to Peace C．Ways of Protecting Animals D．How Elephants Are Saved 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文以一头大象的视角，回忆了过去人类猎杀大象的悲惨经历，对比了如今人类保护大象、人与自然和谐共处的美好现状，表达了对和谐世界的赞美。 1．根据第①段“I’m now very old and near the end of my life. But I can still remember many many years ago…”可知，作者以回忆过去的方式开篇。 2．第②段讲述了母亲和亲人被人类枪杀，自己也险些丧命并被迫训练表演，由此可推断“我”感到害怕又伤心。 3．根据第③段“volunteers protect them from harm”“people leave them bags of corn”等内容可知，如今人类正在帮助大象安全、自由地生活。 4．文章先写大象过去的痛苦遭遇，再写如今的和平生活，“从痛苦到和平”最能概括全文。 猜想六 传统文化与非遗传承 A clay cat, usually with big eyes and a wide-open mouth, may look a bit scary at first. But in Yunnan, they are little guards that protect homes. They are called wamao—traditional clay cats that keep bad luck away and bring peace. In 2023, wamao became Yunnan’s provincial intangible cultural heritage (省级非物质文化遗产). Zhang Hang, 32, is an inheritor (传承人) of Kunming wamao-making skill. He makes these cute clay cats in a small Kunming museum and also started the Heart Chamber Wamao Museum. Zhang first saw wamao in 2012 when he studied folk art at Yunnan Arts University. He loved its special artistic style very much. After that, looking for old wamao became part of his daily life. With over 10 years of effort, his museum now has more than 700 wamao. He said wamao carries history, culture and people’s hope for a better life. Once in 2021, he visited an ancient village and saw a wamao above. He tried to take it but failed. When he came back years later, both the house and the clay cat were gone. He said, “Even if the house was broken, the wamao stayed with it. It comes from the earth, protects the home and finally goes back to the earth.” Since opening the museum in 2019, he has promoted (宣传) wamao through workshops and tours. To make a wamao, Zhang mixes clay, shapes it, dries and fires it. Skilled artists can finish one cat in a week, but Zhang says the true challenge is mixing tradition with new ideas. “It sometimes takes a month to create one that feels right,” he said. “The goal is to help this ancient craft find new meaning in modern society.” 1．Put the events about Zhang Hang into the correct order according to the passage. ①He opened the Heart Chamber Wamao Museum. ②He first saw wamao when he studied at Yunnan Arts University. ③He visited an ancient village and saw a wamao above. ④He fell in love with collecting wamao. A．②→④→①→③ B．②→④→③→① C．④→②→①→③ D．④→②→③→① 2．What can we infer from Zhang’s words in Paragraph 4? A．Wamao is made of earth and breaks easily. B．Wamao is closely tied to people’s homes and nature. C．Wamao can hardly be found or kept in the ancient village. D．People should throw wamao back to the earth after using it. 3．What will Zhang Hang probably do to achieve his goal? A．Stick to the old ways of making wamao. B．Try to spend more time promoting wamao. C．Ask other artists to help him make wamao quickly. D．Connect traditional wamao making with modern life. 4．What is Zhang Hang like according to the passage? A．Shy and polite. B．Calm and strict. C．Quiet and friendly. D．Patient and creative. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Cultural Protection in Yunnan. B．A True Wamao Inheritor. C．How to Make a Beautiful Wamao. D．Why Wamao is Loved by People. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了云南瓦猫传承人张航的故事。他因对瓦猫的喜爱，收集了众多瓦猫并开设博物馆，还通过多种方式宣传瓦猫，致力于让这一古老技艺在现代社会找到新意义。 1．文章第二段“Zhang first saw wamao in 2012 when he studied folk art at Yunnan Arts University.”表明②“他在云南艺术大学学习时第一次看到瓦猫”最先发生；第三段“After that, looking for old wamao became part of his daily life.”说明④“他爱上了收集瓦猫”在②之后；第二段“also started the Heart Chamber Wamao Museum.”可知①“他开设了心房瓦猫博物馆”在④之后；第四段“Once in 2021, he visited an ancient village and saw a wamao above.”说明③“他参观一个古村落并看到上面的瓦猫”在①之后。所以正确顺序是②→④→①→③。 2．文章第四段“Even if the house was broken, the wamao stayed with it. It comes from the earth, protects the home and finally goes back to the earth.”说明瓦猫来自土地，守护家园，最后回归土地，这表明瓦猫与人们的家和自然紧密相连。 3．文章最后一段“The goal is to help this ancient craft find new meaning in modern society.”以及“the true challenge is mixing tradition with new ideas.”说明张航的目标是让古老技艺在现代社会找到新意义，真正的挑战是将传统与新想法融合，所以他可能会将传统瓦猫制作与现代生活联系起来。 4．文章第三段“With over 10 years of effort, his museum now has more than 700 wamao.”说明他花费10多年收集700多个瓦猫，体现出他有耐心；最后一段“the true challenge is mixing tradition with new ideas. ‘It sometimes takes a month to create one that feels right,’”说明他创新将传统与新想法融合，有时花一个月创作一个合适的瓦猫，体现出他有创造力。 5．文章围绕云南瓦猫传承人张航展开，讲述了他对瓦猫的热爱、收集、宣传以及创新等，B选项“A True Wamao Inheritor”（一位真正的瓦猫传承人）符合文章主旨。 猜想七 科技生活与未来想象 Rain drops against leaves, pages turning, or a soft tap on wood—if you search for “sleep-aid audio (音频)” online, you’ll find many quiet and creative sounds. Made by hand, by AI, or recorded from nature, they help listeners easily fall asleep. Yan, known as @l649C, is a sleep-aid video creator with over 1 million fans online. Although she makes videos, Yan mainly focuses on audio material. “The sound of wood brings a natural sense of calm and warmth. Because of that, wooden objects—like blocks, spoons, and bowls—have become some of my favorite sound materials,” she said. The fun of making such vlogs (视频博客) is similar to being a musician, according to Yan. “Many sleep aid vloggers have developed a habit of tapping on everything they can see,” she laughed. “It’s like looking for every possible ‘instrument’ to make the exact sound you want.” Yan only records at midnight. “There are too many interruptions in the daytime,” she said. “Even the sound of footsteps from upstairs would be too loud.” She herself also has to be completely relaxed. “You have to be calm to create calm sounds,” she said. Many of her fans watch her videos at night before going to bed. “Some of them face pressure from school or work. My videos are what they turn to at night. The sounds offer them comfort, like a friend is there,” said Yan. 1．Why does Yan use wooden objects as sound material? A．Because they bring us a sense of tradition and culture. B．Because they can make natural and warm sounds. C．Because they are very popular with young vloggers. D．Because they can help listeners fall asleep easily. 2．What do many sleep aid vloggers often do? A．Focus on audio material from nature. B．Listen to relaxing music at night. C．Look for their favourite instruments. D．Hit everything they can see lightly. 3．What does the underlined word “interruptions” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Noises. B．Tasks. C．Messages. D．Guests. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Magic of Wooden Blocks B．Sounds of Nature at Midnight C．A Sleep-aid Video Creator D．Fun of Making Sleep-aid Videos 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了助眠视频创作者Yan的工作：她用木质物品制作助眠音频，分享了创作的乐趣、录制时间的选择，以及视频给粉丝带来的慰藉。 1．第二段“The sound of wood brings a natural sense of calm and warmth. Because of that, wooden objects—like blocks, spoons, and bowls—have become some of my favorite sound materials”说明Yan用木质物品是因为它们能发出自然、温暖的声音。 2．第三段“Many sleep aid vloggers have developed a habit of tapping on everything they can see”指出许多助眠视频博主轻敲所有能看到的东西。 3．第四段“Yan only records at midnight. ‘There are too many interruptions in the daytime,’ she said. ‘Even the sound of footsteps from upstairs would be too loud.’”表明Yan只在午夜录音，是因为白天有太多的噪音干扰，interruptions指的是会干扰录音的“噪音”。 4．文章围绕助眠视频创作者Yan展开，介绍了她的创作内容、过程与意义，核心主体是这位创作者，C项是最佳标题。 猜想八 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 Most foreigners go to the Bund or the Great Wall for their first visit to China. But I have never wanted to follow the crowd. On my friends’ recommendation, I picked an unusual destination: the Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan province. The area is truly one of the country’s natural treasures. Most visitors to the gorge only took a bus ride along the Jinsha River. To discover its real beauty, however, one must take a hike on the northern side of the gorge. The hike is tiring. It takes most people two days to complete it, and some three. But it would be worth the time and effort. The hike was, for me at least, one of the most memorable trips ever. The first part of my hike ran through green wheat fields. At this point, it was easy to enjoy the view and take photos. The scenery simply took my breath away. Then, I reached perhaps the hardest section of the hike. It was called “Twenty—Eight Bends”. Dozens of steep switchbacks (之字形路)  snaked up the mountainside. No one was sure where these bends started or ended. Right after I conquered (征服) the 17th bend, I saw a sign that read: “Get ready for another 28 bends!” There was no need to be afraid, though. Several local villagers were waiting by the side of the path with their donkeys. Anytime a hiker needed a ride, all he or she had to do was hand over a few coins. After these bends, the hiking path flattened out. The rest of the day was easier. Most people ended their first-day hike at a halfway guesthouse in the early evening, just in time for a beautiful sunset. As another hiker put it, it was “postcard perfect”. The second day was less tiring. I walked slowly across a bamboo forest that led to a small beach. There were many streams. A waterfall was flowing directly over the path. In the early afternoon, I reached the end of the hike. If you are looking for natural wonders, plus a bit of adventure, the Tiger Leaping Gorge is definitely for you. And don’t worry—it was named according to a bit of old folklore (民间传说)，so you are unlikely to meet a real tiger on your hike! 1．According to the passage, why did the writer choose Tiger Leaping Gorge? A．Because he enjoyed visiting crowded places. B．Because he disliked following the popular tourist spots. C．Because his friends asked him to take a bus ride. D．Because it was the most famous place in China. 2．What does the underlined phrase “took my breath away” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．It made the writer feel extremely tired. B．It made the writer feel surprised and amazed. C．It made the writer want to stop walking. D．It made the writer feel afraid of the scenery. 3．What can we learn about the “Twenty-Eight Bends” from the passage? A．It is the easiest part of the whole hike. B．There are only 17 bends in total. C．Villagers provide donkey rides for hikers in need. D．Many hikers ride donkeys to go through the bends. 4．Which of the following did the writer NOT see on the second day? A．A bamboo forest. B．Streams. C．A waterfall. D．Wheat fields. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a special hiking experience in Tiger Leaping Gorge. B．To explain why Tiger Leaping Gorge got its name. C．To compare different tourist spots in China. D．To teach people how to prepare for a long hike. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者首次前往中国旅行时，没有选择热门景点，而是在朋友推荐下前往云南虎跳峡徒步的经历。文章详细描述了徒步过程中的景色、挑战与体验，展现了虎跳峡的自然风光与人文风情，传递了对小众旅行和户外探险的热爱。 1．根据原文第一段“Most foreigners go to the Bund or the Great Wall for their first visit to China. But I have never wanted to follow the crowd. On my friends’ recommendation, I picked an unusual destination—the Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan province.”，说明作者选择虎跳峡是因为不喜欢跟风热门景点，对应选项B。 2．“took my breath away”出现在第二段描述徒步景色的语境中，前文提到“At this point, it was easy to enjoy the view and take photos.”，结合语境，该短语表达景色令人惊叹、震撼，对应选项B（感到惊讶和震撼）。 3．根据原文第四段“Several local villagers were waiting by the side of the path with their donkeys. Anytime a hiker needed a ride, all he or she had to do was hand over a few coins.”，说明村民会为有需要的徒步者提供驴骑服务，对应选项C。 4．根据原文第六段“The second day was less tiring. I walked slowly across a bamboo forest that led to a small beach. There were many streams. A waterfall was flowing directly over the path.”，第二天作者看到了竹林、溪流和瀑布，而麦田（wheat fields）是第一天徒步时的景色，因此第二天没看到的是麦田，对应选项D。 5．全文围绕作者在虎跳峡的徒步经历展开，描述了行程中的景色、挑战与体验，目的是介绍这次独特的徒步旅行，对应选项A。 猜想九 挫折教育与逆境重生 Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 1．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 2．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 3．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了恐惧失败对人的阻碍，以及拥抱失败的重要意义，阐述了失败在个人成长、韧性培养、创造力提升等方面的作用，并给出了从失败中获益的具体方法，告诉人们应将失败转化为成长的机会。 1．文章第六段指出“Second, take time to analyze what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later.”，说明面对失败的一个好方法是分析失败的原因，避免再次犯类似的错误。 2．第三段主要讲了通过失败培养韧性是成长为有能力的人的关键部分，失败能提供反思和改进的机会，助力职业成长；第四段主要讲了失败有助于提高创造力和解决问题的能力，能让人开放思维、尝试新方法。两段均围绕“失败在个人成长中的作用”展开。 3．文章第五段提到“Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks.”，结合语境可知，成功的个人从过去的错误中学习，同样，发展壮大的创新公司通常也有克服许多挫折的历史。由此可推测“conquering”意为“克服、度过”。 4．文章开篇点明恐惧失败会阻碍人们追求梦想，随后阐述了将失败视为学习机会能促进个人成长、培养韧性、提升创造力，还给出了从失败中获益的方法，结尾总结拥抱失败对个人和职业成长都很重要。整体核心是告诉人们应该将失败转化为成长的机会。 猜想十 诚实品质与道德抉择 It was dark and I was standing in front of a stranger’s house in an unfamiliar street. The little bird waiting inside the house would be my first test as a volunteer wildlife rescuer (救助者) . A kind-looking man led me inside to see my first patient. I would have to look confident, like I’d done this kind of thing many times before. I lifted the edge of the shoe box very slightly to see a bird standing on very thin legs. The bird seemed very aghast, so I decided not to catch it by hand but just move the whole shoe box into my rescue box. I hadn’t seen this species (物种) of bird before, so I searched the Internet for its information: a rufous fantail, so called because of its red-brown tail feathers that, when fully open, spread out into a neat little “fan”. I phoned the bird specialist of the rescue group. She told me this species hunts insects on the wing and keeping it longer than overnight would only do it harm. I waited until dusk the next day, which would provide the cover of darkness, to set it free. I held the bird up as high as I could to give it a good lift off and open the flap. The little bird flew off quickly into the darkness. My first successful rescue was not just a second chance for the bird. Five months earlier, I received a cancer diagnosis (诊断) and I was now at the point where I wasn’t planning my days around hospital visits. For me, it was making room in my life for wildlife rescue. I’d been interested in animals ever since I was a young girl but had always thought that I’d missed that boat. But I heard about a local wildlife rescue group that was looking for volunteers, and was holding a two-day intensive (强化的) course in wildlife rescue. I had a free weekend. The only thing stopping me was a lack (缺乏) of confidence. I generally didn’t put my hand up for tasks that I might fail in, especially in public. But the wildlife rescue organization was willing to take a chance on me, then I could find the courage to take on the responsibility of this role. And one day, there was a small bird picked up by an elderly man who’d looked out of his front window after hearing bird calls. It was in a box waiting just for me. 1．What can we learn about the author in her first wildlife rescue? A．She can’t remember rescue instructions. B．She didn’t know proper tools for rescue. C．She was stressed and nervous at that time. D．She was skilled in doing wildlife rescue. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．The rescue was a change in direction for the writer. B．The rescue mainly helps these birds to search for food. C．The writer would like to be a rescuer when she was young. D．The writer felt hopeless after receiving the cancer diagnosis. 3．Which can be the best title of the story? A．Just for Me B．A Second Chance C．A Kind Girl D．A Successful Rescue 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在被诊断出癌症后，通过参与野生动物救助活动重获人生新意义的故事。 1．第二段提到“I would have to look confident, like I’d done this kind of thing many times before”，说明作者当时需要刻意表现出自信，实际内心紧张不安。 2．第五段提到“My first successful rescue was not just a second chance for the bird. Five months earlier, I received a cancer diagnosis (诊断) and I was now at the point where I wasn’t planning my days around hospital visits..”，说明这次救助让作者在癌症诊断后找到了新的人生方向。 3．文章既讲述了小鸟通过救助获得第二次生命，也讲述了作者通过救助活动走出癌症阴霾，重获人生的“第二次机会”，“A Second Chance”既点明了小鸟的新生，也象征作者的人生转折，最能概括全文主旨。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语冲刺之阅读知识结构化+时文热点突破（通用版） 专题01 记叙文（语篇知识+试题特征+主题预测） 记叙文语篇及试题特征的结构化梳理 1 记叙文类热点话题阅读预测 3 猜想一 个人成长与自我突破 5 猜想二 家庭亲情与代际沟通 6 猜想三 校园生活与同伴友谊 7 猜想四 社会公益与责任担当 9 猜想五 人与自然与生态保护 10 猜想六 传统文化与非遗传承 11 猜想七 科技生活与未来想象 12 猜想八 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 13 猜想九 挫折教育与逆境重生 15 猜想十 诚实品质与道德抉择 16 记叙文语篇及试题特征的结构化梳理 记叙文的语篇类型特征 要素 特征描述 人物（Who） 包括主角和配角，常涉及人物之间的关系（如亲情、友情），并通过行为、语言、心理描写展现其性格与情感变化。 事件（What） 围绕一个核心故事展开，包含完整的起因、经过与结果，情节发展具有逻辑性和因果链条。 时间（When） 通常以过去时为主，时间线索清晰，可能包含具体的时间点或时间段，推动情节发展。 地点（Where） 明确的场景设定，如家庭、学校、自然环境等，场景转换服务于情节推进和氛围营造。 主旨（Why） 蕴含积极向上的价值观，如坚持、勇气、诚实、责任感、心理韧性、文化自信等，强调“立德树人”的教育导向。 语言特点 语言生动自然，多源自英文原版材料改编；包含丰富的对话、心理描写和感官细节；可能出现长难句，强调语境理解。 结构特征 遵循时间顺序（自然顺序）展开叙述，结构清晰：开头引入背景，中间推进情节，结尾揭示主旨或情感升华；常采用“引言—主体—结论”框架。 试题特征分析 考查维度 具体内容 题型 主要为选择题（单选为主），部分地区包含非选择题（如简答、填空）。每篇记叙文设题3–8小题。 考查形式 涵盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、观点态度、段落目的/结构等功能性题型。 命题思路 --- 强调“真正读懂”而非“看到文字”，考查对情感脉络、因果关系、核心价值的理解。 --- 设题顺序通常与故事情节发展一致。 --- 注重高阶思维能力，如归纳整合、深层推断、言外之意识别。 典型设问方式 --- 细节理解题：According to the passage, what did Sarah find in the attic? --- 推理判断题：What can we infer about Dwayne’s attitude towards his life? --- 词义猜测题：What does the word “breakthrough” most probably mean in Paragraph 2? --- 主旨大意题：What is the main idea of the passage? --- 作者意图题：Why does the author mention “slower shoes” in the text? --- 段落功能题：What is the purpose of the first paragraph? 备考建议 --- 精读首尾段，把握主旨和情感基调。 --- 定位关键词（时间、人名、数字）快速匹配原文。 --- 注意同义替换，避免误选表面信息。 --- 区分人物行为与观点，警惕时态和顺序陷阱。 --- 加强对长难句和“熟词生义”的语境理解训练。 --- 多练习融合多个信息点的综合性题目，提升整体理解能力。 记叙文类热点话题阅读预测 10大主题结构化梳理 1. 个人成长与自我突破 预测方向：这类主题依然是重中之重。故事可能围绕主人公如何克服恐惧、懒惰或自卑，通过努力最终实现目标或获得感悟。 具体情境预测：学习一项新技能（如编程、乐器、烹饪）时的挫折与坚持；参加体育比赛或演讲比赛，从紧张怯场到享受过程；第一次独立解决问题（如独自旅行、处理人际冲突）。 核心考点：细节理解（主人公的心理变化过程）、推理判断（导致转变的关键事件）。 2. 家庭亲情与代际沟通 预测方向：聚焦家庭成员之间的爱与理解，特别是两代人之间的观念碰撞与和解。 具体情境预测：父母看似严厉或不解风情的行为背后隐藏的深意（如父亲默默支持孩子的爱好）；祖孙之间的温情故事，通过老物件或传统手艺连接情感；二胎家庭中，大孩子从嫉妒到学会关爱弟弟妹妹的过程。 核心考点：情感态度（作者对人物关系的看法）、主旨大意（家庭价值观的体现）。 3. 校园生活与同伴友谊 预测方向：贴近学生实际生活，探讨友谊的真谛、团队合作的重要性以及师生情谊。 具体情境预测：小组合作完成项目（如科学实验、戏剧表演）时的分歧与协作；误会朋友后的愧疚与修复友谊的过程；老师的一句鼓励或一个特殊的举动改变了“差生”的轨迹。 核心考点：细节捕捉（对话中的关键信息）、词义猜测（描述人物性格的形容词）。 4. 社会公益与责任担当 预测方向：体现青少年的社会责任感，弘扬正能量。 具体情境预测：参与社区志愿服务（如敬老院慰问、垃圾分类宣传）的所见所感；路遇他人困难（如老人摔倒、迷路儿童）时的抉择与行动；通过义卖或募捐帮助贫困地区儿童的感人经历。 核心考点：推理判断（主人公行为的动机）、观点态度（对社会责任的理解）。 5. 人与自然与生态保护 预测方向：结合环保热点，讲述人类与动物、环境的和谐共处。 具体情境预测：救助受伤野生动物并放归自然的经历；参与植树造林或保护湿地生态的实践活动；观察自然界某种生物（如蜜蜂筑巢、蚂蚁搬家）获得的科学启示（类似材料中Simon观察蜜蜂的故事）。 核心考点：细节理解（生物习性或环保措施）、主旨归纳（人与自然共生理念）。 6. 传统文化与非遗传承 预测方向：增强文化自信，讲述中国传统文化的魅力及年轻一代的传承。 具体情境预测：学习剪纸、京剧、书法、茶艺等传统技艺的过程；向外国友人介绍中国传统节日（如春节、中秋节）的习俗；探访古镇或博物馆，了解历史文物背后的故事。 核心考点：文化意识（中西文化差异）、细节理解（传统习俗的具体步骤）。 7. 科技生活与未来想象 预测方向：随着科技发展，AI、VR等元素可能融入记叙文，探讨科技对生活的改变。 具体情境预测：使用AI辅助学习或生活的趣事与反思（如AI写作业引发的思考）；体验虚拟现实（VR）技术重现历史场景的奇妙经历；智能家居设备带来的便利与偶尔的“尴尬”。 核心考点：推理判断（科技带来的利弊）、词义猜测（科技类词汇在语境中的含义）。 8. 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 预测方向：通过旅行拓宽视野，体验不同地域的风土人情。 具体情境预测：去不同省份或国家旅行时的文化冲击与适应；在旅途中偶遇陌生人，通过交流消除偏见；“读万卷书，行万里路”，将书本知识在旅行中验证。 核心考点：细节理解（地点特征、风俗习惯）、逻辑推理（旅行带来的思想转变）。 9. 挫折教育与逆境重生 预测方向：关注心理健康，讲述如何面对失败、疾病或失去。 具体情境预测：考试失利或比赛落选后的自我调节与重新出发；身患疾病或遭遇意外后的乐观生活态度；失去心爱之物或宠物后的悲伤与成长。 核心考点：情感态度（面对逆境的心态）、主旨大意（挫折的意义）。 10. 诚实品质与道德抉择 预测方向：在面临诱惑或压力时，如何坚守道德底线。 具体情境预测：捡到财物后的内心挣扎与最终归还；为了面子撒谎后的愧疚与坦白；在集体利益与个人利益冲突时的选择。 核心考点：推理判断（人物内心矛盾）、观点态度（对诚信价值观的肯定）。 猜想一 个人成长与自我突破 As I stepped out of the DMV (车管所) with my license and my head held high, I thought of all the new memories I could create. The places I could drive to were limitless. As I started driving, however, I realized that it wasn’t the GPS saying, “You have reached your destination,” that gave me a rush in my heart. The journey became more electrifying as I sang along to my “Driving Playlist”. I never understood when my mom asked me, “Do you want to go out for a drive, man?” There was nowhere to go—I didn’t have a class or a club that we would be driving to. It would be 5:00 pm on a random Tuesday when she posed the question. I declined the offer. For a long time, I approached my creative aspirations the same way I viewed those drives—only with a purpose when given a specific destination. I only picked up a paintbrush when school required it for a project. I only took up a book when I had a reading assignment. I knew I needed to change the belief that because there wasn’t a grade attached to my passion, that was meaningless. In an art project, a good friend of mine offered a solution that erased my desire for perfection: she told me to just draw aimlessly on paper. Without an end product in mind, I was able to construct a masterpiece that I could be proud of without having to receive an “A+” on it. In the past, I was driven by the fear of missing out (FOMO). Instead of enjoying moments with my friends, I attended every single academic event because I worried about the consequences if I missed one. At the start of my senior year, I feared missing out on the “high school experience” that was portrayed (描绘) in the movies I watched growing up. Yet, I am now defining my own version of that experience. It is worthwhile to pursue simple passions in life. There doesn’t need to be a grand reason for venturing out of the house; driving just for the sake of driving is my favourite pastime. The day I got my license, I no longer grabbed the wheel with hesitation; I was in control of it as I uncovered a new world of possibilities. 1．How did the author feel when he first got his driver’s license? A．Rewarded. B．Heartened. C．Honoured. D．Relieved. 2．What changed the author’s perspective on school life? A．His desire to receive an “A+”. B．Moments shared with his friends. C．A product to create a masterpiece. D．A friend’s suggestion to draw aimlessly. 3．The author’s previous FOMO was related to ________. A．the movies on high school life B．a grand reason for driving around C．the pressure of study in high school D．a grade attached to academic events 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Trends help you find your true passion. B．A journey holds more than the destination. C．A well-planned path finally leads to success. D．Childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. 猜想二 家庭亲情与代际沟通 Hi, I’m Bella. My grandmother, Mary, is so into gardening. After retiring (退休) from the hospital, she spends most of her time in her yard. In spring, she plants seeds (种子) and enjoys the beautiful flowers. When autumn comes, she gets busy harvesting fruits and collecting fallen leaves. Through her care, the yard becomes a living work of art that changes with every season. However, gardening is not always easy, and my grandma meets with difficulties too. For years, a big apple tree in the middle of the yard never had any fruit. My grandma tried almost everything: she read gardening books, searched online, and even talked and sang to the tree. But nothing worked. Finally, Grandma asked her friend Jamie, an agricultural expert for help. “Maybe you should hit the bottom of the tree to stimulate (刺激) its roots,” Jamie said. “What? Are you sure?” Grandma thought it was strange because she never heard of it before. But she decided to give it a try. Some neighbors came out to watch and thought she was crazy. However, Grandma didn’t give up and did it every day. To her surprise, something amazing happened the next spring. Flowers began to grow on the apple tree, and by autumn, its branches were heavy with fruit. My grandma was so excited that she invited all of us to enjoy the apples. Now, whenever we go through a hard time, Grandma shares the story of her apple tree. She says, “ ▲ .” 1．What did Grandma do to help the apple tree before asking Jamie? ①She read gardening books.    ②She planted new seeds.    ③She searched online.        ④She talked and sang to the tree. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 2．Why does the writer mention Grandma’s many tries in Paragraph 2? A．To show how hard Grandma tried to solve the problem. B．To explain why Grandma needed help from an expert. C．To introduce Jamie, an agricultural expert. D．To describe the apple tree’s appearance. 3．Which of the following words can best describe Grandma? A．Strict and serious. B．Careless and impatient. C．Humorous and quiet. D．Patient and open-minded. 4．How does the writer organize the text? A．Problem—Solution B．Cause—Effect C．Main idea—Details D．Fact—Opinion 5．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．We should try new ways to solve problems all the time B．We should keep patient and never give up easily C．We should always ask for help when we meet difficulties D．We should value the time we spend with our families 猜想三 校园生活与同伴友谊 As a new teacher in Denver, Kyle felt that there was something she didn’t know about her students. She thought up a lesson plan called “I Wish My Teacher Knew.” For the activity, Kyle’s students wrote down a thought and shared something they’d like their teacher to know about. The students loved this idea. Many of them not only were willing to include their names, but also enjoyed sharing it with the class. “I wish my teacher knew I don’t have pencils at home to do my homework,” one wrote. “I wish my teacher knew I don’t have friends to play with me,” another shared. “I wish my teacher knew sometimes my homework is not signed (签名) because my mom is not around a lot,” another read. After she learned most of her students led hard lives, Kyle shared some of the notes on social media. She hoped other teachers would use the same lesson with their own students. Soon posts and photos of notes from other schools poured in (不断涌现) from around the world. “After one student shared that she had no one to play with at break, the next day during break I noticed she was playing with a group of girls. Not only can I support my students, but my students can support each other,” said Kyle. Kyle’s story· won the hearts of many people. “I take my hat off to this teacher. It must have been heartbreaking (令人心碎的) after reading these stories,” said one person. “If every person does one nice thing for someone, no matter how small, the world would be a better place.” 1．What did the students need to do in the activity? A．Write down their wishes. B．Play at break with friends. C．Get their homework signed. D．Have more pencils at home. 2．What do we know from the story? A．The students put notes on social media. B．All the students led hard lives. C．Many people supported Kyle’s idea. D．The students liked to study in some ways. 3．How do you understand the underlined sentence? A．I look up to the teacher. B．I encourage the teacher. C．I agree with the teacher. D．I don’t believe the teacher. 4．Which of the following words best describes Kyle? A．Imaginative. B．Polite. C．Responsible. D．Friendly. 猜想四 社会公益与责任担当 “I want to be able to share my love of reading with as many people as possible,” Orion Jean said. Orion is a young boy from Fort Worth, Texas. He is making a difference to the world with his acts of kindness-sharing the gift of reading with hundreds of kids. It all began after a student kindness competition last year where he gave encouraging words to share about taking the first step. “Kindness is a virtue (美德) we can all have, if we are willing to,” he said. “So why not start today? Because right now, it’s what we need more than ever.” With the $500 prize money he won, Orion donated toys to a local children’s hospital. Next, he helped prepare 100,000 meals for families in Texas. And now he wants to give books to kids who may not have them and plans to collect 500,000 books in a “Race to Kindness”. With 120,000 books collected so far, Orion is asking people across the country to give away their used books. Orion said, “It’s not a one-time thing, and it’s not a three-time thing. It’s something that we can hopefully keep on doing for years and years to come.” And even if Orion hasn’t met the goal of collecting 500,000 books, he has done far more to put books into the hands of poor children than most. “It’s all about my moral (道德) responsibility to help people,” Orion said. “You know, it’s my responsibility to be able to see that these people who need help know that I can help them.” 1．What did Orion do in the student kindness competition last year? A．He prepared meals for poor families. B．He shared encouraging words to start kindness. C．He donated toys to a local children’s hospital. D．He gave books to kids who needed them. 2．What does Orion think about his kind actions? A．They should be done only a few times. B．They need to be a long-term, continuous effort. C．They should focus on donating money. D．They have to spread to every country. 3．Why does Orion keep helping others? A．He wants to win the kindness competition again. B．His school asks students to do after-school tasks. C．He sees it as his moral duty to help those in need. D．It can help him with his own growth and studies. 4．Which of the following words fits Orion best? A．Helpful and kind. B．Knowledgeable and careful. C．Serious and rich. D．Brave and cool. 5．Which title is the most suitable for the passage? A．Student’s Daily Life B．Winning Prize Money C．Do Something Valuable D．Race to Kindness 猜想五 人与自然与生态保护 ①I’m now very old and near the end of my life. But I can still remember many many years ago, I lived with my mother, aunts and cousins in a wild and beautiful land. We enjoyed our time under the deep blue sky. We had more than enough to eat. We never worried about anything until one day, when I was about three. ②On that day, a group of two-legged strangers appeared in front of us—I found out later that they were humans. Without warning they raised their guns and shot dead my mother and several of my relatives. As I was about to be shot, one of them said, “Keep that little one. He’s handsome and seems smart. We can make greater use of him.” I was then trained and made to do all kinds of stupid acts to make humans laugh. ③Now, years and years later, things are changing for the better. Our population is starting to grow again. My great-great-grandsons and granddaughters are able to move freely across the land. They search for food, water and places to rest. The little ones sometimes break crops and people’s homes. But they are not chased or harmed. There are no angry humans going after them. Instead, people leave them bags of corn and fruit on the roadside. The food leads them in the right direction back to their homeland. Drones (无人机) follow their progress and volunteers protect them from harm. The little ones do not have to worry about anything. They move around without a care in the world. They eat when they are hungry and sleep when tired. They swim in the river and play when they feel like it. No one asks them to move away from their land. ④What a wonderful world this is! This is a world of harmony between man and other animals. In the old world, we were killed for our tusks (象牙). In this new world, humans respect and value all animals. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By sharing a memory from the past. B．By describing a beautiful sight. C．By giving facts about elephant population. D．By telling a story about a young boy. 2．How did “I” feel in Paragraph 2? A．Scared and sad. B．Surprised but excited. C．Angry and careless. D．Tired but peaceful. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Elephants are still in great danger today. B．Elephants now live without any help from humans. C．People are helping elephants live safely and freely. D．Humans are angry about the damage elephants cause. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Elephant’s Sad Past B．From Pain to Peace C．Ways of Protecting Animals D．How Elephants Are Saved 猜想六 传统文化与非遗传承 A clay cat, usually with big eyes and a wide-open mouth, may look a bit scary at first. But in Yunnan, they are little guards that protect homes. They are called wamao—traditional clay cats that keep bad luck away and bring peace. In 2023, wamao became Yunnan’s provincial intangible cultural heritage (省级非物质文化遗产). Zhang Hang, 32, is an inheritor (传承人) of Kunming wamao-making skill. He makes these cute clay cats in a small Kunming museum and also started the Heart Chamber Wamao Museum. Zhang first saw wamao in 2012 when he studied folk art at Yunnan Arts University. He loved its special artistic style very much. After that, looking for old wamao became part of his daily life. With over 10 years of effort, his museum now has more than 700 wamao. He said wamao carries history, culture and people’s hope for a better life. Once in 2021, he visited an ancient village and saw a wamao above. He tried to take it but failed. When he came back years later, both the house and the clay cat were gone. He said, “Even if the house was broken, the wamao stayed with it. It comes from the earth, protects the home and finally goes back to the earth.” Since opening the museum in 2019, he has promoted (宣传) wamao through workshops and tours. To make a wamao, Zhang mixes clay, shapes it, dries and fires it. Skilled artists can finish one cat in a week, but Zhang says the true challenge is mixing tradition with new ideas. “It sometimes takes a month to create one that feels right,” he said. “The goal is to help this ancient craft find new meaning in modern society.” 1．Put the events about Zhang Hang into the correct order according to the passage. ①He opened the Heart Chamber Wamao Museum. ②He first saw wamao when he studied at Yunnan Arts University. ③He visited an ancient village and saw a wamao above. ④He fell in love with collecting wamao. A．②→④→①→③ B．②→④→③→① C．④→②→①→③ D．④→②→③→① 2．What can we infer from Zhang’s words in Paragraph 4? A．Wamao is made of earth and breaks easily. B．Wamao is closely tied to people’s homes and nature. C．Wamao can hardly be found or kept in the ancient village. D．People should throw wamao back to the earth after using it. 3．What will Zhang Hang probably do to achieve his goal? A．Stick to the old ways of making wamao. B．Try to spend more time promoting wamao. C．Ask other artists to help him make wamao quickly. D．Connect traditional wamao making with modern life. 4．What is Zhang Hang like according to the passage? A．Shy and polite. B．Calm and strict. C．Quiet and friendly. D．Patient and creative. 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Cultural Protection in Yunnan. B．A True Wamao Inheritor. C．How to Make a Beautiful Wamao. D．Why Wamao is Loved by People. 猜想七 科技生活与未来想象 Rain drops against leaves, pages turning, or a soft tap on wood—if you search for “sleep-aid audio (音频)” online, you’ll find many quiet and creative sounds. Made by hand, by AI, or recorded from nature, they help listeners easily fall asleep. Yan, known as @l649C, is a sleep-aid video creator with over 1 million fans online. Although she makes videos, Yan mainly focuses on audio material. “The sound of wood brings a natural sense of calm and warmth. Because of that, wooden objects—like blocks, spoons, and bowls—have become some of my favorite sound materials,” she said. The fun of making such vlogs (视频博客) is similar to being a musician, according to Yan. “Many sleep aid vloggers have developed a habit of tapping on everything they can see,” she laughed. “It’s like looking for every possible ‘instrument’ to make the exact sound you want.” Yan only records at midnight. “There are too many interruptions in the daytime,” she said. “Even the sound of footsteps from upstairs would be too loud.” She herself also has to be completely relaxed. “You have to be calm to create calm sounds,” she said. Many of her fans watch her videos at night before going to bed. “Some of them face pressure from school or work. My videos are what they turn to at night. The sounds offer them comfort, like a friend is there,” said Yan. 1．Why does Yan use wooden objects as sound material? A．Because they bring us a sense of tradition and culture. B．Because they can make natural and warm sounds. C．Because they are very popular with young vloggers. D．Because they can help listeners fall asleep easily. 2．What do many sleep aid vloggers often do? A．Focus on audio material from nature. B．Listen to relaxing music at night. C．Look for their favourite instruments. D．Hit everything they can see lightly. 3．What does the underlined word “interruptions” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Noises. B．Tasks. C．Messages. D．Guests. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Magic of Wooden Blocks B．Sounds of Nature at Midnight C．A Sleep-aid Video Creator D．Fun of Making Sleep-aid Videos 猜想八 旅行见闻与跨文化交流 Most foreigners go to the Bund or the Great Wall for their first visit to China. But I have never wanted to follow the crowd. On my friends’ recommendation, I picked an unusual destination: the Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan province. The area is truly one of the country’s natural treasures. Most visitors to the gorge only took a bus ride along the Jinsha River. To discover its real beauty, however, one must take a hike on the northern side of the gorge. The hike is tiring. It takes most people two days to complete it, and some three. But it would be worth the time and effort. The hike was, for me at least, one of the most memorable trips ever. The first part of my hike ran through green wheat fields. At this point, it was easy to enjoy the view and take photos. The scenery simply took my breath away. Then, I reached perhaps the hardest section of the hike. It was called “Twenty—Eight Bends”. Dozens of steep switchbacks (之字形路)  snaked up the mountainside. No one was sure where these bends started or ended. Right after I conquered (征服) the 17th bend, I saw a sign that read: “Get ready for another 28 bends!” There was no need to be afraid, though. Several local villagers were waiting by the side of the path with their donkeys. Anytime a hiker needed a ride, all he or she had to do was hand over a few coins. After these bends, the hiking path flattened out. The rest of the day was easier. Most people ended their first-day hike at a halfway guesthouse in the early evening, just in time for a beautiful sunset. As another hiker put it, it was “postcard perfect”. The second day was less tiring. I walked slowly across a bamboo forest that led to a small beach. There were many streams. A waterfall was flowing directly over the path. In the early afternoon, I reached the end of the hike. If you are looking for natural wonders, plus a bit of adventure, the Tiger Leaping Gorge is definitely for you. And don’t worry—it was named according to a bit of old folklore (民间传说)，so you are unlikely to meet a real tiger on your hike! 1．According to the passage, why did the writer choose Tiger Leaping Gorge? A．Because he enjoyed visiting crowded places. B．Because he disliked following the popular tourist spots. C．Because his friends asked him to take a bus ride. D．Because it was the most famous place in China. 2．What does the underlined phrase “took my breath away” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．It made the writer feel extremely tired. B．It made the writer feel surprised and amazed. C．It made the writer want to stop walking. D．It made the writer feel afraid of the scenery. 3．What can we learn about the “Twenty-Eight Bends” from the passage? A．It is the easiest part of the whole hike. B．There are only 17 bends in total. C．Villagers provide donkey rides for hikers in need. D．Many hikers ride donkeys to go through the bends. 4．Which of the following did the writer NOT see on the second day? A．A bamboo forest. B．Streams. C．A waterfall. D．Wheat fields. 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a special hiking experience in Tiger Leaping Gorge. B．To explain why Tiger Leaping Gorge got its name. C．To compare different tourist spots in China. D．To teach people how to prepare for a long hike. 猜想九 挫折教育与逆境重生 Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 1．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 2．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 3．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. 猜想十 诚实品质与道德抉择 It was dark and I was standing in front of a stranger’s house in an unfamiliar street. The little bird waiting inside the house would be my first test as a volunteer wildlife rescuer (救助者) . A kind-looking man led me inside to see my first patient. I would have to look confident, like I’d done this kind of thing many times before. I lifted the edge of the shoe box very slightly to see a bird standing on very thin legs. The bird seemed very aghast, so I decided not to catch it by hand but just move the whole shoe box into my rescue box. I hadn’t seen this species (物种) of bird before, so I searched the Internet for its information: a rufous fantail, so called because of its red-brown tail feathers that, when fully open, spread out into a neat little “fan”. I phoned the bird specialist of the rescue group. She told me this species hunts insects on the wing and keeping it longer than overnight would only do it harm. I waited until dusk the next day, which would provide the cover of darkness, to set it free. I held the bird up as high as I could to give it a good lift off and open the flap. The little bird flew off quickly into the darkness. My first successful rescue was not just a second chance for the bird. Five months earlier, I received a cancer diagnosis (诊断) and I was now at the point where I wasn’t planning my days around hospital visits. For me, it was making room in my life for wildlife rescue. I’d been interested in animals ever since I was a young girl but had always thought that I’d missed that boat. But I heard about a local wildlife rescue group that was looking for volunteers, and was holding a two-day intensive (强化的) course in wildlife rescue. I had a free weekend. The only thing stopping me was a lack (缺乏) of confidence. I generally didn’t put my hand up for tasks that I might fail in, especially in public. But the wildlife rescue organization was willing to take a chance on me, then I could find the courage to take on the responsibility of this role. And one day, there was a small bird picked up by an elderly man who’d looked out of his front window after hearing bird calls. It was in a box waiting just for me. 1．What can we learn about the author in her first wildlife rescue? A．She can’t remember rescue instructions. B．She didn’t know proper tools for rescue. C．She was stressed and nervous at that time. D．She was skilled in doing wildlife rescue. 2．What can we infer from the passage? A．The rescue was a change in direction for the writer. B．The rescue mainly helps these birds to search for food. C．The writer would like to be a rescuer when she was young. D．The writer felt hopeless after receiving the cancer diagnosis. 3．Which can be the best title of the story? A．Just for Me B．A Second Chance C．A Kind Girl D．A Successful Rescue 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $