5.5 Natural Wonders in the World（Language Practice）-《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 中职英语《基础模块3》Unit5同步练，聚焦直接引语与间接引语，通过“课前预习+课堂检测”分层设计，实现语法规则从理论理解到综合应用的递进，提升语言转换能力与思维辨析能力。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |课前预习|直接引语变间接引语规则（人称、时态、指示代词等变化及四种句式转换）|理论精讲结合表格示例，系统梳理语法规律，奠定学习基础| |课堂检测|综合应用（句式转换、时态辨析、标点规范等）|10道单选考查语境应用，5道单词拼写强化基础转换，实现从单一规则到综合情境的能力提升|

编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点，为了更好地提高学生的学习效率，辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节，本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合四川职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World（Language Practice）的课前预习和课堂检测。 《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版） Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World 一课一练（25） Language Practice 【课前预习】 【课前预习】 直接引语和间接引语 语法 精讲 引述别人的话有两种方式: 一是使用引号引出别人的原话, 这叫做直接引语; 二是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来, 这叫做间接引语。 John said, “I'm going to London with my father. “ 约翰说: “我要和我的父亲去伦敦。”（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 1. 直接引语是陈述句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语是陈述句时, 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）, 且从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要根据具体语境做相应的变化。 （1）人称的变化规则: 一随主, 二随宾, 第三人称不更新。 变化规则 说明 例句 一随主 引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致 She says, “I like math very much.” →She says that she likes math very much. 二随宾 引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 He said to Lily, “You must get up early.” →He told Lily that she must get up early. 三不变 引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变 She said to me, “They want to help him.” →She told me that they wanted to help him. （2）时态的变化。 主句是一般现在时, 从句可用任意时态; 主句是过去时, 从句用相应的过去时态, 即一般现在时改成一般过去时, 现在进行时改成过去进行时, 一般将来时改成过去将来时, 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 主句的时态 从句的时态 例句 一般现在时（He says） 所需的任何时态 He says, “I like math very much.” →He says that he likes math very much. 一般过去时（He said） 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “I am a student.” →He said that he was a student. 现在进行时 过去进行时 He said, “I am reading.” →He said that he was reading. 一般将来时 过去将来时 He said, “I will go home.” →He said that he would go home. 一般过去时 过去完成时 He said, “I went home.” →He said that he had gone home. 现在完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I have gone home.” →He said that he had gone home. 过去完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I had gone home.” →He said that he had gone home. [注意] 主句是过去时, 如果直接引语表示的是客观规律, 那么间接引语的时态仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. （3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语, 以及个别动词, 由直接引语变成间接引语时的变化规则。 需变化的词和短语 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/the following day the next week/the following week 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语是一般疑问句时, 间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。即将一般疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序, 且句末用句号。其人称、时态等相应的变化也与直接引语是陈述句时相同。 She asked, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?” →She asked me if/whether I often went there to read newspapers. [注意] 只用whether不用if的情况。 （1）从句中有or/or not, She asked whether he stayed or not. （2）与不定式to do连用。I can't decide whether to tell him the news. （3）在介词后。They are talking about whether they can afford the new house. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语若是特殊疑问句, 常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等疑问代词和疑问副词作连接词。将特殊疑问句转换为间接引语时, 需将疑问句式改为陈述句式, 句末用句号, 即转换成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句（当who为主语时, 句式为”who+谓语+其他”）。 “Which room do you live in? “he asked me. →He asked me which room I lived in. He asked me, “What color do you like?” →He asked me what color I liked. [注意] 宾语从句用陈述句语序, 即”连接词+主语+谓语+其他”或”连接词+谓语+其他”。 4. 直接引语是祈使句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语若是祈使句, 将其变为间接引语时, 间接引语应改为”tell/ask/order/beg/warn/advise...（not）to do...”句型。 The teacher said to me, “Stop talking.” →The teacher told me to stop talking. He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 【课堂检测】 一、单项选择 1．“Where is the forest?” he asked. → He asked ________. A． where the forest is B．where is the forest C．where the forest was D．where was the forest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“森林在哪里？”他问道。→ 他问森林在哪里。 根据直接引语转间接引语的规则，主句asked是一般过去时，宾语从句应用相应的过去时态，且从句用陈述句语序，其他选项时态或语序错误，应填where the forest was。 2． He said, “Where is the bank?” He asked ________ the bank was. A．that B．where C．what D．who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他说：“银行在哪里？”他问银行在哪里。 考查宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的转换。that无实义，仅起连接作用；where在哪里，表示地点；what什么，表示事物或内容；who谁，表示人。原句是直接引语的特殊疑问句“Where is the bank?”，变为间接引语时，疑问词“where”需保留作为宾语从句的引导词，且从句语序变为陈述语序“where the bank was”。故选B。 3．Transform the following direct speech into indirect speech: “Have you seen him since yesterday morning?” Michael said to me. A．Michael said to me if I had seen him since yesterday morning. B．Michael wondered if I had seen him or not since yesterday morning. C．Michael asked me whether I had seen him since the previous morning. D．Michael inquired whether we would have seen him since the morning before. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语：迈克尔对我说：“昨天早上以后你见过他吗？” 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语时，主句谓语常改为ask(ed)，而间接引语常用whether/if引导，并用陈述语序，时间状语since yesterday morning改为since the previous morning。故选C。 4．She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ________ break into ________. A．will he；next time B．would he；the next time C．he would；the next time D．he will；next time 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她问：“下次他会闯入谁家？” 考查间接引语。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，A、B选项可排除。根据主过从必过的原则，主句为一般过去时，从句时态也应用过去时的一种。故选C。 5．How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence? A．Tom said: “ If you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home.” B．Tom said “if you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home”. C．Tom said: if you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home. D．Tom said, “ If you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home.” 【答案】D 【详解】句意：您应该如何在下面的句子中添加正确的标点符号？ 考查标点符号的用法。引用一句话时，要将标点符号也放入引号内。故B错误。在英语中，冒号前必须是完整句子，即去掉冒号后的内容，句子意思依然完整，故AC错误。故选D。 6．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said watching TV . A．he was; now B．I was; then C．I am; that day D．he was; then 【答案】D 【详解】主句为过去时，从句也要用过去时，人称应该改为第三人称he，时间现在应该改为在那时then，故本题选D。 7．— Could you tell me ______? — Yes. It’s next to the supermarket. A．where the post office is B．where was the post office C．where is the post office D．where the post office was 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：根据下文，是的，它在超市隔壁。可知上文从句描述的是客观性动作，故用一般现在时态。宾语从句中一般用陈述语序，故选A。 考点：宾语从句 点评：宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，需注意当疑问词做从句主语时，则貌似倒装句，需注意区分。关于引导词的区分需结合引导词的基本含义及其在句子中所承担的句子成分进行具体分析。 8．He said, “I’m afraid of dogs.” The indirect speech is: He said ________ afraid of dogs. A．I’m B．he is C．he was D．I was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他说：“我怕狗。”间接引语是：他说他怕狗。 根据主句谓语动词“said”为过去式，从句时态需遵循“主句过去时，从句过去时”原则，原直接引语中的“am”要变为“was”；同时直接引语中的主语“I”需指代主句主语“He”，要改为“he”，因此应填he was。 9．My grandpa said to my grandma, “There are two passports in it.” The indirect speech is: My grandpa said ________ two passports in it. A．there are B．there were C．there is D．there was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爷爷对我奶奶说：“里面有两本护照。”间接引语是：我爷爷说里面有两本护照。 句子是there be句型，主语“two passports”是复数，be动词用are或were，排除选项C和D；主句谓语动词said为一般过去时，宾语从句的时态需相应调整为过去时态；原句There are为一般现在时，变为间接引语时应改为一般过去时There were。 10．—She said, “The earth goes around the sun.” —She said ______ the earth goes around the sun. A．that B．if C．whether D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——她说：“地球绕着太阳转。”——她说地球绕着太阳转。 考查宾语从句的引导词。that引导宾语从句时，无实义，仅起连接作用；if是否；whether是否；where在哪里。第一句中的“The earth goes around the sun.”是直接引语，为陈述句，转述为间接引语时，陈述句内容用that引导，且当引述客观真理时，时态不变。故选A。 二、单词拼写 11．“Do you like swimming?” Lucy asked. → Lucy asked if I ________ (like) swimming. 【答案】liked 【详解】句意：“你喜欢游泳吗？”露西问道。→ 露西问我是否喜欢游泳。like“喜欢”，动词。直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时需用if引导。主句谓语动词“asked”为一般过去时，从句时态需与其保持一致，一般现在时“like”改为一般过去时liked。故填liked。 12．“I bought this dress yesterday,” Linda said. → Linda said that she ________ (buy) ________ dress the day before. 【答案】 had bought that 【详解】句意：“我昨天买了这条裙子，”琳达说。→琳达说她前一天买了那条裙子。直接引语变间接引语，从句的时态要后退，一般过去时应变为过去完成时，即bought变为had bought；指示代词要变化，this变为that。故填had bought；that。 13．Tom said, “I have seen the film.” → Tom said that he ________ (see) the film. 【答案】had seen 【详解】句意：汤姆说：“我看过这部电影了。” → 汤姆说他看过这部电影了。这是直接引语变间接引语，主句“said”是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去完成时（表示“过去的过去”），“have seen”的过去完成时形式是“had seen”，故填had seen。 14．“Why are you late?” the teacher asked. → The teacher asked why I ________ (be) late. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：老师问我为什么迟到。be“是”，动词；直接引语转为间接引语，主句谓语动词“asked”为一般过去时，宾语从句的时态需与其保持一致，应用一般过去时。主语“I”为第一人称，be的过去式为was。故填was。 15．“When did you buy this car?” she asked. →She asked when I ________ (buy) ________ car. 【答案】 had bought that 【详解】句意：她问：“你什么时候买的这辆车？”→她问我什么时候买的那辆车。本题考查直接引语变间接引语的时态和指示代词变化规则。原句中的一般过去时did you buy在间接引语中需要往前推一个时态，变为过去完成时，因此①处填had bought；原句中的this在间接引语中需要变为that，因此②处填that。故填had bought；that。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点，为了更好地提高学生的学习效率，辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节，本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合四川职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版）Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World（Language Practice）的课前预习和课堂检测。 《英语 基础模块3》（高教版第三版） Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World 一课一练（25） Language Practice 【课前预习】 直接引语和间接引语 语法 精讲 引述别人的话有两种方式: 一是使用引号引出别人的原话, 这叫做直接引语; 二是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来, 这叫做间接引语。 John said, “I'm going to London with my father. “ 约翰说: “我要和我的父亲去伦敦。”（引号内是直接引语） John said that he ________ going to London with his father. 约翰说他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 1. 直接引语是陈述句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语是陈述句时, 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）, 且从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要根据具体语境做相应的变化。 （1）人称的变化规则: 一随主, 二随宾, 第三人称不更新。 变化规则 说明 例句 一随主 引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致 She says, “I like math very much.” →She says that ________ likes math very much. 二随宾 引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 He said to Lily, “You must get up early.” →He told Lily that ________ must get up early. 三不变 引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变 She said to me, “They want to help him.” →She told me that ________ wanted to help him. （2）时态的变化。 主句是一般现在时, 从句可用任意时态; 主句是过去时, 从句用相应的过去时态, 即一般现在时改成一般过去时, 现在进行时改成过去进行时, 一般将来时改成过去将来时, 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 主句的时态 从句的时态 例句 一般现在时（He says） 所需的任何时态 He says, “I like math very much.” →He says that he ________ math very much. 一般过去时（He said） 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “I am a student.” →He said that he ________ a student. 现在进行时 过去进行时 He said, “I am reading.” →He said that he ________. 一般将来时 过去将来时 He said, “I will go home.” →He said that he ________ home. 一般过去时 过去完成时 He said, “I went home.” →He said that he________ home. 现在完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I have gone home.” →He said that he ________ home. 过去完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I had gone home.” →He said that he ________ home. [注意] 主句是过去时, 如果直接引语表示的是客观规律, 那么间接引语的时态仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun. （3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语, 以及个别动词, 由直接引语变成间接引语时的变化规则。 需变化的词和短语 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/the following day the next week/the following week 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语是一般疑问句时, 间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。即将一般疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序, 且句末用句号。其人称、时态等相应的变化也与直接引语是陈述句时相同。 She asked, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?” →She asked me ________ I often went there to read newspapers. [注意] 只用whether不用if的情况。 （1）从句中有or/or not, She asked whether he stayed or not. （2）与不定式to do连用。I can't decide whether to tell him the news. （3）在介词后。They are talking about whether they can afford the new house. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语若是特殊疑问句, 常选择what, when, where, which, who, how等疑问代词和疑问副词作连接词。将特殊疑问句转换为间接引语时, 需将疑问句式改为陈述句式, 句末用句号, 即转换成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句（当who为主语时, 句式为”who+谓语+其他”）。 “Which room do you live in? “he asked me. →He asked me which room I lived in. He asked me, “What color do you like?” →He asked me what color I liked. [注意] 宾语从句用陈述句语序, 即”连接词+主语+谓语+其他”或”连接词+谓语+其他”。 4. 直接引语是祈使句时, 变间接引语的方法和规律 直接引语若是祈使句, 将其变为间接引语时, 间接引语应改为”tell/ask/order/beg/warn/advise...（not）to do...”句型。 The teacher said to me, “Stop talking.” →The teacher told me to stop talking. He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 【课堂检测】 一、单项选择 1．“Where is the forest?” he asked. → He asked ________. A． where the forest is B．where is the forest C．where the forest was D．where was the forest 2． He said, “Where is the bank?” He asked ________ the bank was. A．that B．where C．what D．who 3．Transform the following direct speech into indirect speech: “Have you seen him since yesterday morning?” Michael said to me. A．Michael said to me if I had seen him since yesterday morning. B．Michael wondered if I had seen him or not since yesterday morning. C．Michael asked me whether I had seen him since the previous morning. D．Michael inquired whether we would have seen him since the morning before. 4．She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ________ break into ________. A．will he；next time B．would he；the next time C．he would；the next time D．he will；next time 5．How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence? A．Tom said: “ If you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home.” B．Tom said “if you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home”. C．Tom said: if you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home. D．Tom said, “ If you are free, we’ll watch a movie at home.” 6．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said watching TV . A．he was; now B．I was; then C．I am; that day D．he was; then 7．— Could you tell me ______? — Yes. It’s next to the supermarket. A．where the post office is B．where was the post office C．where is the post office D．where the post office was 8．He said, “I’m afraid of dogs.” The indirect speech is: He said ________ afraid of dogs. A．I’m B．he is C．he was D．I was 9．My grandpa said to my grandma, “There are two passports in it.” The indirect speech is: My grandpa said ________ two passports in it. A．there are B．there were C．there is D．there was 10．—She said, “The earth goes around the sun.” —She said ______ the earth goes around the sun. A．that B．if C．whether D．where 二、单词拼写 11．“Do you like swimming?” Lucy asked. → Lucy asked if I ________ (like) swimming. 12．“I bought this dress yesterday,” Linda said. → Linda said that she ________ (buy) ________ dress the day before. 13．Tom said, “I have seen the film.” → Tom said that he ________ (see) the film. 14．“Why are you late?” the teacher asked. → The teacher asked why I ________ (be) late. 15．“When did you buy this car?” she asked. →She asked when I ________ (buy) ________ car. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $