6.5 Craftsmanship（Language Practice）-《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦被动语态，通过“课前预习+课堂检测”分层设计，构建从语法原理到综合应用的知识巩固路径，适配中职学情与职教高考需求，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |课前预习|被动语态定义、6种时态结构、转换方法、主动表被动等核心语法点|表格对比主动/被动结构，结合例句填空（如一般现在时被动填空），强化基础认知| |课堂检测|不同时态被动语态应用、主动表被动辨析、语境化语法运用|单选（15题）结合真实情境（如手机APP占用空间），单词拼写（5题）考查时态与语态结合，提升语言应用能力|

编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点，为了更好地提高学生的学习效率，辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节，本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合四川职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）Unit 6 Craftsmanship（Language Practice）的课前预习和课堂检测。 《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版） Unit 6 Craftsmanship 一课一练（30） Language Practice 【课前预习】 被动语态 语法   精讲 一、动词的语态 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系，如果是主谓关系用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。 二、被动语态的结构 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are done She often looks after the children.（主动） The children are often looked after by her.（被动） 一般过去时 did was/ were done My father wrote the book.（主动） The book was written by my father.（被动） 一般将来时 will/ shall do; am/ is/ are going to be will/ shall   be   done; am/ is/ are   going to be done Our city will build a new car factory.（主动） A new car factory will be built in our city.（被动） 现在完成时 have/ has done have/ has been done They have built a furniture factory.（主动） A furniture factory has been built by them.（被动） 现在进行时 am/ is/ are doing am/ is/ are being done Our school is holding the sports meeting.（主动） The sports meeting is being held in our school.（被动） 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done We must take good care of the young trees.（主动） The young trees must be taken care of by us.（被动） 三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1. 主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语；主动句中的谓语动词变成被动句的“be+过去分词”形式；主动句中的主语变成被动句中by的宾语，放在谓语动词的后面。如果不强调动作执行者时，by短语可省略。 He ate the apple. →The apple was eaten by him. People usually call me Jim for short. →I am usually called Jim for short. 2. 直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： （1）把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位。 （2）把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。 My aunt gave me an apple. （双宾语） →I was given an apple (by my aunt). →An apple was given to me. 3. 感官动词（短语）（如see，look at，hear，listen to，feel，watch，notice等）及使役动词（如let，make，have等）后接“宾语+宾语补足语”时，若此结构中宾语补足语为动词不定式，通常用不带to的不定式。但当使役动词变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 Someone saw Jack fall into the water. →Jack was seen to fall into the water. My father made me cry. →I was made to cry by my father. 四、主动形式表被动意义 1.“系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，appear，seem，turn，prove，go，stay，become，get，grow，keep等+形容词/名词”构成的系表结构表被动意义。 That food smells nice. 食物闻起来不错。 This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫摸起来比那件软多了。 2. 动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。 注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 The door won't lock. 门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked. 门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门） His novels sell easily. 他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好） His novels are sold easily. 他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大） 3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，close，open，start，stop，shut，run，move等主动表示被动。 The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。 The football season finishes in May. 足球赛季5月份结束。 4. 某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义。在need，want，require，deserve，bear等词的后面，动词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。形容词worth后面跟动名词为主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。 The house needs repairing (to be repaired). 这房子需要修理。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。 5. 某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 This book is easy to read. 这本书读起来很容易。（书被读） I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要做。（工作被做） 五、常见的被动结构句式 It is said that…据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 据人们相信…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is generally considered that… 大家普遍认为…… It has been suggested that... 有人建议…… 【课堂检测】 一、单项选择 1．Now there are too many apps on the phone. For users who don’t want them, too much space on the phone ________. A．takes away B．is taken away C．takes up D．is taken up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在手机上有太多的应用软件了。对于不想要它们的使用者来说，手机上太多的空间被占用了。 takes away拿走；is taken away被拿走；takes up占用；is taken up被占用。根据前文“there are too many apps on the phone”可知，此处指空间被占用，需用take up。主语space与动词take up之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be done结构。 2．In the Tang Dynasty, paintings ________ on oil‑paper umbrellas. A．draw B．drew C．were drawn D．are drawn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在唐代，画被画在油纸伞上。 draw画，原形；drew画，过去式；were drawn被画，一般过去时被动；are drawn被画，一般现在时被动。根据“In the Tang Dynasty”可知时态为一般过去时，paintings与draw之间是被动关系。 3．A new big park ________ in our city next year. A．built B．was built C．will be built D．has been built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年我们城市将建一座新的大公园。 根据时间状语“next year”可知，时态为一般将来时。主语“park”和谓语动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用一般将来时被动语态，will be + 过去分词。“build”为不规则动词变化，过去分词为built，应填will be built。 4．The uncle wrote in his will that if Gillian spent the money carelessly, the fifty thousand dollars ________ to Miss Hayden. A．will pay B．would pay C．will be paid D．would be paid 【答案】D 【详解】句意：叔叔在遗嘱中写道，如果吉利安胡乱花钱，这五万美元将被支付给海登小姐。 主句谓语动词wrote为过去式，从句需用过去将来时；主语the fifty thousand dollars与动词pay之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。因此应用过去将来时的被动语态，应填would be paid。 5．A new bridge ________ in our town at the moment. A．is built B．was built C．is being built D．has been built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：此刻我们镇上正在建造一座新桥。 is built一般现在时的被动语态；was built一般过去时的被动语态；is being built现在进行时的被动语态；has been built现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语at the moment可知，句子应用现在进行时，主语bridge和动词build之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。 6．When I passed by the park, a new bench ________ there. A．was being painted B．is painted C．painted D．is being painted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我路过公园时，一张新长椅正在那里被刷漆。 考查被动语态。根据“When I passed by the park”可知，动作发生在过去某个时刻，bench和paint是被动关系，要用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+being+动词过去分词”，bench是单数，be动词用was，paint的过去分词为painted。故选A。 7．—Dad just called and said that he wouldn’t be back until next week. —Yeah. All flights ________ because of the bad weather. A．have canceled B．have been canceled C．will be canceled D．is canceling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸刚打电话来说他下周才回来。——是的。因为天气不好，所有的航班都被取消了。 航班取消是已经发生的事情，且航班是被取消，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态，应填have been canceled。 8．Sugar painting ________ at some traditional markets now. A．can see   B．can be seen   C．could see   D．is seeing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在在一些传统市场上糖画可以被看到。 主语 Sugar painting与see之间是被动关系，应填can be seen。 9．— I’m wondering why this kind of pen ________ so well. — Because it ________ very smoothly (流畅地). A．sells; writes B．is sold; writes C．sells; is written D．is sold; is written 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道为什么这种笔卖得这么好。——因为它写起来非常流畅。 动词sell和write与副词连用说明主语特性时，常用主动语态表示被动含义。主语this kind of pen和it均为第三人称单数，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式。选项A符合。 10．This kind of milk ________ fresh, and it ________ well in the supermarket. A．is tasted; is sold B．tastes; is sold C．is tasted; sells D．tastes; sells 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这种牛奶尝起来很新鲜，在超市里卖得也很好。 taste尝起来；sell卖。taste作为感官动词，没有被动语态，常以主动形式表达被动含义，表示“尝起来”，所以第一空应填tastes，排除A和C；sell同样没有被动语态，当表示“某物卖得如何”时，常用主动形式表达被动含义，所以第二空应填sells，排除B。 11．—We will have the sports meeting next month. —Great. Students ________ chances to show themselves every year. A．give B．are given C．gave D．were given 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下个月我们将举行运动会。——太好了。学生们每年都有机会展示自己。 主语Students是动词give“给”的承受者，应用被动语态；根据“every year”可知，应该用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用are。 12．The chocolate ________ into a beautiful sculpture by Lily. A．turned B．was turned C．is turning D．turns 【答案】B 【详解】句意：巧克力被莉莉变成了一个美丽的雕塑。 turned转变，过去式；was turned被转变，一般过去时被动；is turning正在转变，现在进行时；turns转变，第三人称单数。根据“by Lily”可知主语是动作承受者，需用被动语态，且动作发生在过去。 13．—Do you know a new wetland park ________ in our city next year? —Yes. It will be the largest one in the whole province to protect wild birds. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．builds 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道我们城市明年要建一个新的湿地公园吗？——是的，它将是全省最大的一个，用来保护野生鸟类。 主语a new wetland park和动词build之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；时间状语next year表示将来，要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词。build的过去分词是built。 14．Shanghai Disney Resort (度假区) announced that Disneyland and Disneytown ________ closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19. A．has been B．will be C．would be D．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上海迪士尼度假区宣布，由于新冠肺炎疫情，迪士尼乐园和迪士尼小镇在周一和周二将被关闭。 考查被动语态。根据“Shanghai Disney Resort announced that Disneyland and Disneytown...closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19.”可知，迪士尼在周一周二将被关闭，主句为一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态，根据句意，用过去将来时的被动语态，用“would+be+过去分词”形式。故选C。 15．The classroom ________ now. A．is cleaned B．is being cleaned C．was cleaned D．cleans 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教室现在正在被打扫。 is cleaned被打扫；is being cleaned正在被打扫；was cleaned被打扫了；cleans打扫。根据时间状语“now”可知，动作正在进行，需用现在进行时；主语“The classroom”与动词“clean”之间为被动关系，故此处应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being+过去分词”。应填is being cleaned。 二、单词拼写 16．Icehouses ________ (use) to keep food cold all year round. 【答案】are used 【详解】句意：冰库全年被用来冷藏食物。句中“Icehouses”是被人们使用，需用被动语态，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are+过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用are，use的过去分词为规则变化，直接在词尾加-d，故填are used。 17．Freezer compartments ________ (add) to refrigerators in the 1940s. 【答案】were added 【详解】句意：冷冻室在20世纪40年代被添加到冰箱中。根据时间状语“in the 1940s”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“Freezer compartments”和动词add是被动关系，需使用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”；主语为复数，be动词用were，add的过去分词为added。 18．We hope more money ________ (raise) to help the sick children next year. 【答案】will be raised 【详解】句意：我们希望明年能筹集更多资金来帮助患病儿童。句中“next year”表示将来，raise是动词，表示“筹集”，“money”和raise是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态will be raised。故填will be raised。 19．The teacher told us that the sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school the next month. 【答案】would be held 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们，下个月学校将举办运动会。主句谓语told为一般过去时，宾语从句需遵循“时态呼应”原则，用过去将来时；且sports meeting与hold为被动关系，故用过去将来时的被动语态would be held，符合句子语法及语境。 20．My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 【答案】is being repaired 【详解】句意：这周我的洗衣机正在维修中，所以我不得不手洗我的衣服。repair“修理”，是动词。根据“this week”以及“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，此处表示洗衣机正在被修理，用现在进行时的被动语态，结构是“am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词”，主语“My washing machine”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，repair的过去分词是repaired。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点，为了更好地提高学生的学习效率，辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节，本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合四川职教高考命题特色的【四川专用】《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版）Unit 6 Craftsmanship（Language Practice）的课前预习和课堂检测。 《英语 基础模块2》（高教版第三版） Unit 6 Craftsmanship 一课一练（30） Language Practice 【课前预习】 被动语态 语法   精讲 一、动词的语态 英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系，如果是主谓关系用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。 二、被动语态的结构 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are done She often looks after the children.（主动） The children________by her.（被动） 一般过去时 did was/ were done My father wrote the book.（主动） The book________my father.（被动） 一般将来时 will/ shall do; am/ is/ are going to be will/ shall   be   done; am/ is/ are   going to be done Our city will build a new car factory.（主动） A new car factory ________in our city.（被动） 现在完成时 have/ has done have/ has been done They have built a furniture factory.（主动） A furniture factory ________ by them.（被动） 现在进行时 am/ is/ are doing am/ is/ are being done Our school is holding the sports meeting.（主动） The sports meeting ________ in our school.（被动） 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done We must take good care of the young trees.（主动） The young trees ________ by us.（被动） 三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1. 主动句中的宾语变成被动句的主语；主动句中的谓语动词变成被动句的“be+过去分词”形式；主动句中的主语变成被动句中by的宾语，放在谓语动词的后面。如果不强调动作执行者时，by短语可省略。 He ate the apple. →The apple________ by him. People usually call me Jim for short. →I am usually called Jim for short. 2. 直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： （1）把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位。 （2）把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。 My aunt gave me an apple. （双宾语） →I ________ an apple (by my aunt). →An apple________ me. 3. 感官动词（短语）（如see，look at，hear，listen to，feel，watch，notice等）及使役动词（如let，make，have等）后接“宾语+宾语补足语”时，若此结构中宾语补足语为动词不定式，通常用不带to的不定式。但当使役动词变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 Someone saw Jack fall into the water. →Jack________ fall into the water. My father made me cry. →I ________cry by my father. 四、主动形式表被动意义 1.“系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，appear，seem，turn，prove，go，stay，become，get，grow，keep等+形容词/名词”构成的系表结构表被动意义。 That food ________nice. 食物闻起来不错。 This shirt ________much softer than that one. 这件衬衫摸起来比那件软多了。 2. 动词如act，break，catch，cut，clean，drive，draw，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash，wear等被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。 注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 The door won't ________. 门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病） The door won't ________. 门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门） His novels ________easily. 他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好） His novels ________ easily. 他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大） 3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，close，open，start，stop，shut，run，move等主动表示被动。 The shop ________at 6 p.m. every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。 The football season ________in May. 足球赛季5月份结束。 4. 某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义。在need，want，require，deserve，bear等词的后面，动词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。形容词worth后面跟动名词为主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。 The house needs ________. 这房子需要修理。 The book is well worth ________. 这本书很值得一读。 5. 某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 This book is easy ________. 这本书读起来很容易。（书被读） I have a lot of work ________ today. 我今天有很多工作要做。（工作被做） 五、常见的被动结构句式 It is said that…据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 据人们相信…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is generally considered that… 大家普遍认为…… It has been suggested that... 有人建议…… 【课堂检测】 一、单项选择 1．Now there are too many apps on the phone. For users who don’t want them, too much space on the phone ________. A．takes away B．is taken away C．takes up D．is taken up 2．In the Tang Dynasty, paintings ________ on oil‑paper umbrellas. A．draw B．drew C．were drawn D．are drawn 3．A new big park ________ in our city next year. A．built B．was built C．will be built D．has been built 4．The uncle wrote in his will that if Gillian spent the money carelessly, the fifty thousand dollars ________ to Miss Hayden. A．will pay B．would pay C．will be paid D．would be paid 5．A new bridge ________ in our town at the moment. A．is built B．was built C．is being built D．has been built 6．When I passed by the park, a new bench ________ there. A．was being painted B．is painted C．painted D．is being painted 7．—Dad just called and said that he wouldn’t be back until next week. —Yeah. All flights ________ because of the bad weather. A．have canceled B．have been canceled C．will be canceled D．is canceling 8．Sugar painting ________ at some traditional markets now. A．can see   B．can be seen   C．could see   D．is seeing 9．— I’m wondering why this kind of pen ________ so well. — Because it ________ very smoothly (流畅地). A．sells; writes B．is sold; writes C．sells; is written D．is sold; is written 10．This kind of milk ________ fresh, and it ________ well in the supermarket. A．is tasted; is sold B．tastes; is sold C．is tasted; sells D．tastes; sells 11．—We will have the sports meeting next month. —Great. Students ________ chances to show themselves every year. A．give B．are given C．gave D．were given 12．The chocolate ________ into a beautiful sculpture by Lily. A．turned B．was turned C．is turning D．turns 13．—Do you know a new wetland park ________ in our city next year? —Yes. It will be the largest one in the whole province to protect wild birds. A．will build B．is built C．will be built D．builds 14．Shanghai Disney Resort (度假区) announced that Disneyland and Disneytown ________ closed on Monday and Tuesday because of COVID-19. A．has been B．will be C．would be D．is 15．The classroom ________ now. A．is cleaned B．is being cleaned C．was cleaned D．cleans 二、单词拼写 16．Icehouses ________ (use) to keep food cold all year round. 17．Freezer compartments ________ (add) to refrigerators in the 1940s. 18．We hope more money ________ (raise) to help the sick children next year. 19．The teacher told us that the sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school the next month. 20．My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $