Unit 5 单元知识点讲练-【精品课】2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步精品课件（新教材人教版）

Unit5 Nature’sTemper What can we do to prepare for the worst? 单元知识点讲练 What were you doing when it started, Jiaming? 过去进行时，结构：was /were + 现在分词 (doing) I / he / she / it + was doing we / you / they + were doing when + 一般过去时（短暂动作） 主句 + 过去进行时（正在进行的动作） 表示：当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 回答: I / He / She + was + doing... We / You / They + were + doing... 例：I was having dinner with my family. Language Points Sometimes there are tall waves and the areas near the coast get flooded. v.挥手；招手;挥动；挥舞 wave to sb. 向某人挥手 wave at sb. 朝某人挥手 wave a flag 挥舞旗子 n.波浪；海浪;big waves 大浪 huge waves 巨浪 挥手; give sb. a wave 向某人挥挥手 Language Points 一波；一阵 a wave of cold 一阵寒流 a wave of fear 一阵恐惧 常见搭配: wave goodbye 挥手告别 wave one’s hand 挥手 heat wave 热浪 sound wave 声波 When did the interviews take place? 这些采访在什么时候进行？ n.采访;面试 v.采访；对…… 进行采访;面试 常用搭配 do an interview 做采访 have an interview 接受采访 / 参加面试 interview sb. 采访某人 a TV interview 电视采访 an interview about… 关于…… 的采访 Language Points 例句 We did an interview about the typhoon. 我们做了一个关于台风的采访。 The reporter interviewed people. 记者采访了人们。 This is an interview about people’s experiences. 这是一个关于人们经历的采访。 Where did the interviews possibly take place?这些采访可能在哪里进行？ adv. 可能地；也许；（用于否定 / 疑问）无论如何，竟然 常见用法 may / might possibly … 可能…… It may possibly rain. 可能会下雨。 as…as possible = as…as one can 尽可能……（possible 是形容词，和 possibly 同源） 否定句：cannot possibly… 绝不可能…… I cannot possibly forget it. 我绝不可能忘记。 近义词：maybe = perhaps = possibly 也许 Language Points A window in the man's house broke, and the roof nearly came off.这个男子家里的一扇窗户破了，屋顶差点被掀掉。 Language Points 辨析：nearly与almost nearly 可以和not连用，not nearly意为"远非，绝不是"；nearly前可用very，pretty等词修饰 almost 可以和no，never，nothing等表示否定意义的词连用，但不能与not连用, almost表示的接近程度比nearly大 我们存了一些钱，但还远远不够。 We've saved some money, but it's not nearly enough. 我几乎从未见过她。 I almost never see her. flood /flʌd/ n. 水灾；洪水 v. 泛滥；淹没 词性转换：形容词：flooded（被水淹没的） 现在分词：flooding（洪水泛滥） 固定搭配：a flood of（大量的） flood in/into（涌入） 用法：作名词时可数，常与定冠词连用；作动词时及物或不及物。 词 讲 练 The flood destroyed many houses.（洪水摧毁了许多房屋。） Heavy rain flooded the streets.（大雨淹没了街道。） After the storm, the whole area was flooded.（暴风雨后，整个地区都被淹了。） 例 填空：The river ________ (flood) the village last night. 翻译：洪水过后，大量的救援物资涌入灾区。 flooded After the flood, a flood of relief supplies poured into the disaster area. Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告；提醒注意 固定搭配： warn sb. (not) to do sth.（警告某人[不]做某事） warn sb. about/of sth.（提醒某人注意某事） warn against doing sth.（告诫不要做某事） 词 讲 练 The radio warned people about the typhoon.（电台提醒人们注意台风。） I warn you not to go out alone at night.（我警告你晚上别单独外出。） The government issued a flood warning.（政府发布了洪水警报。） 例 填空：The teacher warned us ___________ (not play) near the river. 翻译：地震前没有任何预警。 not to play There was no warning before the earthquake. Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ drought /draʊt/ n.久旱；旱灾 词性转换：形容词：drought-stricken（遭受旱灾的） 固定搭配：severe drought（严重干旱） drought relief（旱灾救援） 用法：不可数名词，但表示“一次干旱”时可加不定冠词。 词 讲 练 The drought lasted for three months.（干旱持续了三个月。） Many crops died because of the severe drought.（许多作物因严重干旱而死。） The area is drought-stricken.（这个地区遭受旱灾。） 例 填空：The _________ (drought) weather caused the river to dry up. 翻译：长期干旱导致水资源短缺。 drought The long drought caused a shortage of water. Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ (1)[可数名词]供应量; 复数形式为supplies,supplies意为“补给(品)”。 We need to buy some school supplies before the new term starts. 新学期开始前，我们需要买一些学习用品。 The nation’s fuel supplies will not last forever. 这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。 (1)stored emergency supplies at home before the typhoon 台风来临前在家里储存应急物资 (教材 P44 3b) supply n. 供应 (量)；(pl.supplies) 补给 (品) v.供应；供给 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ (3)[动词]供应；供给 supply sth. to sb. =supply sb. with sth. 给某人供应某物 The charity supplies food to homeless people/supplies homeless people with food. 这家慈善机构向无家可归者提供食物。 (2)[不可数名词]供应；供给；补给 The electricity supply has been cut off. 电力供应被切断了。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ Language points preparation 相关用法 preparation n. 准备（工作）；预备（高频词） 搭配 make preparations (for...) make preparations to do sth. eg: The students are making preparations for the final exam. eg: We made preparations to move to new offices. Language points preparation 相关用法 词形拓展（动词prepare） prepare for... 为……作准备 prepare...for... 为……准备好…… prepare to do sth. 准备好做某事 Language points trouble 相关用法 （1）作名词 n. 苦恼；困难；困境 get/run into trouble 陷入麻烦/困境 be in trouble 处于困境之中 have (no) trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事（没）有困难 eg:I had no trouble working out the math problem. Language points trouble 相关用法 （2）作动词 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦（高频词） trouble sb. 使某人烦恼 May I trouble you to...? 麻烦您……好吗？ 谚语：Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 Language points supply 相关用法 （1）作名词 可数名词：供应量；储备（复数supplies表“补给，补给品”） eg：We need to buy some school supplies before the new term starts. 不可数名词：供应；供给；补给 eg：The electricity supply has been cut off. 电力供应被切断了。 Language points supply 相关用法 （2）作动词 v. 供应；供给 - supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 给某人供应某物 例句：The charity supplies food to homeless people / supplies homeless people with food. (1)[不可数名词]电力供应 power cut/failure 停电 Parts of the area had power cuts because of the storms. 这个区域的部分地区由于暴风雨而停电了。 The power came back on. 电力恢复了。 power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 1.The power went out. 停电了。(教材 P45 4b) Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ (3)[不可数名词]力量 The ship was helpless against the power of the storm. 那艘船只能任凭强大的暴风雨肆虐。 (2)[不可数名词]能量 nuclear/wind/solar power核能/风能/太阳能 Solar power is a clean energy source. 太阳能是一种清洁能源。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 由 “sound(adj. 酣畅的；可靠的；透彻的)+-ly(副词后缀)” 构成。 The baby slept soundly all night. 宝宝整晚都睡得很香甜。 Experimental data soundly supported his theory. 实验数据可靠地支持了他的理论。 The team was soundly defeated. 该队一败涂地。 2. I slept soundly. 我睡得很酣畅。(教材 P45 4b) soundly adv. (睡觉) 酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ look after 照顾 look around 环顾 look through 快速查看；浏览 look forward to 盼望 look for 寻找 look like 看起来像 look over 查看；检查 look out 小心 She looked up from her book as I entered the room. 我进房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。 3.When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain was beating against their roof. 当珍妮抬头看时，天空中正在形成厚厚的乌云，雨水敲打着他们的屋顶。(教材 P45 4c) look up抬头看 ，常与介词from连用。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ if 在此引导宾语从句(宾语从句应用陈述语序)，常用于ask、know、find out、wonder等动词(短语)之后。 if conj. 是否 I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否会下雨。 Do you know if the train arrives on time? 你知道火车是否准点到达吗？ 4.People were asking one another if they were safe while some were starting to clear the streets. 当一些人开始清理街道时，人们在互相询问是否安全。(教材 P45 4c) Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ refuse sb. /sth. 拒绝某人/某物 refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 Jenny refused/turned down my help politely. 珍妮礼貌地拒绝了我的帮助。 We should obey the law and refuse to waste food. 我们应该遵守法律，拒绝浪费食物。 1. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 然而，蒂莉拒绝向前迈出一步。(教材 P46 1b) refuse v.拒绝；推却 与accept互为反义词。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 为不可数名词，但当其前有形容词修饰时，可与不定冠词a/an连用。 have a wide knowledge of/about...精通…… knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。(Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根) 2. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 由于她的知识和敏捷的思维，一名女学生能够拯救100多条生命。 know v.知道；了解 knowledge n.知识；学问 knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ except/ except for ①均意为“ 除……之外”，表示排除其后的人或事物，含有“减 去 ”的意思。 ②在句子开头，要用except for接名词，不可只用except。 All the boys in our class came except (for) Tom. 除了汤姆，我们班所有的男生都来了。(排除汤姆) Except for the ending, the movie was perfect. 除了结局，这部电影是完美的。 besides 意为“ 除……之外(还) ”，表示包含其后的人或事物，含有“加上”的意思。 Besides maths, I also like physics. 除了数学，我还喜 欢物理。(两门都喜欢) 3. Tilly’s family went back to the hotel, except her mother. 蒂莉的家人都回到了酒店，除了她的母亲。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 用来引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作和从句动作几乎同时发生。在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时(即“主将从现”)。 He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就拿出了他的英语书。 4. Tilly’s father believed her as soon as she told her family about the strong waves. 蒂莉一告诉她的家人有关大浪的事情，她的父亲就相信了她。(教材 P47 1d) as soon as 一……就…… Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 1、 Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked together to keep the people and their homes safe.超过5,000名消防员、警察和志愿者共同努力，保障了人民及其家园的安全。 (1)作不及物动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”。常用短语：volunteer to do sth自愿做某事 (2)作可数名词，意为“志愿者；自告奋勇者”。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 27 2、my alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。 意为“（警报器等）发出响声”，相当于ring。 【拓展】go off还可意为“开火；（食物）变质；（电灯）熄灭”。 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 热天肉坏得快。 Suddenly，the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 3、... So I was reviewing my notes while I was waiting for my bus. 所以我在等公共汽车的时候复习笔记。 (1)作动词，意为“复习；回顾；复查”。常用短语：review for… 为……复习 (2)作名词，意为“回顾；审查”。常用短语： do/make a review of sth回顾某事 under review在审查中 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 4、The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella! 风太大了，我没法打伞！ too+adj.+(for sb.) +to do sth. 太……(某人)不能…… 该结构为肯定形式表达否定含义。 在too... to...结构中，如果too前面有not、never等词，此结构表示肯定意义。 You’re never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 5、 By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 到公共汽车来的时候，我又冷又湿。 by the time到……的时候 强调从句动作发生时，主句动作的结果状态。 常用于引导时间状语从句。 (1)主句一般过去时+从句一般过去时 By the time she woke up, her phone was dead. 她醒来时，手机已没电。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 强调在从句动作完成时，主句动作已经完成。 (2)主句一般过去时+从句过去完成时(had+动词的过去分词) By the time he came, I had cooked dinner. 他来的时候，我已经做好晚饭了。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 6、 As a result, she said we weren't having a test after all! 结果她竟然说我们没有考试! as a result 因此，结果 as a result of 因为，由于 表示结果，其后一般用逗号隔开。 表示原因，相当于because of，后常跟名词、代词。 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ 7、 What luck on my unlucky day! 在不幸运的一天是多么幸运啊！  形容词，意为“不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的”，是由形容词“lucky（幸运的）”前加否定前缀un­构成的单词。 【拓展】形容词前可加否定前缀un­的单词还有： un­＋happy（快乐的）→unhappy不快乐的 un­＋usual（通常的；寻常的）→unusual特别的；不寻常的 Language points 小红书：Christina在努力｜原创课件 更多教学资源可以关注分享～ Language Points avoid doing sth 避免做某事 Eg. I try to avoid crowded places on weekends. 我周末尽量避开人多的地方。 Eg. She always avoids talking about her work at dinner. 她吃饭时总避免聊工作。 Eg.You should avoid eating too much sugar beforebed. 睡前你该避免吃太多糖。 Language Points keep + 宾语 +宾语补足语 意为“使...保持某种状态” 【形容词、副词、动词-ing形式或介词短语充当宾补】 Eg. This coat will keep you warm. 这件外套让你暖和。 Eg. The cold weather kept him in bed. 冷天让他待在床上 Language Points stay away from... 远离... 远离地点： Stay away from the edge.  别靠近边缘 远离人： Stay away from him. He's lying. 离他远点，他在撒谎 远离坏习惯/食物： Stay away from junk food.  别吃垃圾食品 同义：keep away from Language Points volunteer n.志愿者V.自愿做 voiunteer to do sth 自愿做某事 Eg. She volunteered to clean the room. 她自愿打扫房间。 volunteer as...自愿充当... Eg. He volunteered as a tour guide at the museum.  他在博物馆当志愿导游 Language Points rescue v./n. 援救 rescue team 救援队 Eg. A rescue team arrived by helicopter.  救援队乘直升机到达 come to sb's rescue 挽救某人 Eg. When I forgot my wallet, my friend came to the rescue.  我忘带钱包时，朋友赶来救急 rescue ... from ... 从......中营救 Eg. He rescued a child from drowning.  他救起了一个溺水的孩子) Language Points by the end of 在...结束时 相关短语： in the end 最终、到头来 at the end of 在......的末尾 from start to end 从头到尾 Language points worst 相关用法 worst n. / adj. / adv.最坏的人（或事）；最坏（的）；最糟（的） 反义词：best（最好的） 词源：形容词  bad 、副词  badly  的最高级 名词 常与定冠词  the  连用，固定搭配  prepare for the worst  形容词 修饰名词 This coat is of the worst quality. 副词 修饰动词，Of the three of us, I write worst. Language points guard  相关用法 词性1：n. 卫兵；保卫 → 搭配： a security guard  保安 eg：When I arrived, the security guard told me to enter through the south gate. 词性2：v. 保卫；守卫 → 搭配：guard against sth.  防止/防范某事 eg：We need to guard against any possible danger around us. Language points rush  相关用法 rush 冲，奔；赶紧做，仓促做  rush to do sth.  匆忙做某事 eg：Don't rush to judge others without knowing the truth.  rush into (doing) sth.  急于/仓促做某事 eg：Don't rush into important decisions. 别急着做重大决定。 Language points rush  相关用法 knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 词性：不可数名词（有形容词修饰时，可加a/an） 核心搭配： have a wide knowledge of/about...  精通…… 名言：Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。（培根） 词族拓展： know （v. 知道）→  knowledge （n. 知识）→  knowledgeable （adj. 知识渊博的） Language points knowledge  相关用法 knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 词性：不可数名词（有形容词修饰时，可加a/an） 核心搭配： have a wide knowledge of/about...  精通…… 名言：Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。（培根） 词族拓展： know （v. 知道）→  knowledge （n. 知识）→  knowledgeable （adj. 知识渊博的） Language points “除……之外” 三兄弟辨析 except  /  except for  除……之外（不包含，表“减去”） ① 句中用  except ，句首用  except for ； ②  except  排除同类事物， except for  强调整体中的例外 eg: All the boys in our class came except Tom. 除了汤姆，我们班男生都来了。 eg: Except for the ending, the movie was perfect. 除了结局，这部电影很完美。 Language points “除……之外” 三兄弟辨析  besides  除……之外（还包含，表“加上”） 表示在原有基础上增加 Besides maths, I also like physics. 除了数学，我还喜欢物理。 Language points as soon as  引导时间状语从句 含义：一……就…… 同义短语： the minute (that)  用法：引导时间状语从句，强调主从句动作几乎同时发生 核心语法规则：主将从现;主过从过 eg：As soon as we arrive, we'll go on a tour of the city. eg: He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. Language points hero  相关用法 hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. 英雄；男主角；偶像 复数形式： heroes （以o结尾，有生命的名词加-es， 同类：potato, tomato） eg: Every one of us can be a hero for the environment. 我们每个人都可以成为环保英雄。   Language points since  相关用法 since /sɪns/ prep. / adv. / conj. 词性1：介词 → 后接时间点，主句用现在完成时 eg：Lucy has learned to manage time by herself since last term. 词性2：副词 → 常与现在完成时连用 eg：She left here ten years ago, and I haven't seen her since. Language points since  相关用法 词性3：连词 → ① 引导时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时）；② 表“既然；由于” eg：Since I was five years old, I have learned embroidery from my mother and sister.   (2) 拓展短语：“instead of + n./pron./doing” 结构的拓展，类似表达有 rather than（而不是），后接动词时，常用动词原形。 例如：I'll stay at home ________________.（我将待在家里而不是出去。） Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out. instead of 【记牢】instead of 代替；而不是 用法：instead of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语等。 例如： 1. I’ll go ____________ you.（我将代替你去。） 2. He stayed at home instead ______ going to school. （他待在家里而不是去上学。） instead of of rather than go out Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out. 【佳句】 ① We'll have tea _________________________________. 我们将在花园里喝茶，而不是在房子里。 ② Instead of ___________(watch) TV, he does his homework in the evening. 晚上他不看电视，而是做作业。 in the garden instead of in the house watching However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 【记牢】refuse v. 拒绝 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事， 如：He refused to go to the party. 他拒绝去参加派对。 refuse sb sth 拒绝给某人某物， 如：The shopkeeper refused me change. 店主拒绝给我找零钱。 【佳句】 ① _______________________________ 她拒绝把自行车借给他。 ② ___________________________________ 这个男人拒绝给这个孩子一些钱。 She refused to lend him her bike. The man refused the child some money. People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 【记牢】as fast as they could 尽可能快地 (1) 结构解析：“as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as sb could /can” 表示 “尽某人所能地……”，其中形容词或副词的选择取决于具体语境，这里用 “fast” 表示速度快。当描述现在的情况时用 “as...as sb can”，描述过去的情况时用 “as...as sb could”。 1. When they heard the news, they ran home ___________________. 当他们听到这个消息时，他们尽可能快地跑回了家。 2. _______________________________________________when the bell rang. 铃声一响，学生们便以最快的速度离开了教室。 The students left the classroom as fast as they could as fast as they could (2) 类似结构：“as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as possible” 同样表示 “尽可能……”，如 “as quickly as possible（尽可能快地）”，两者常可互换，如 “as fast as they could = as fast as possible”。 People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 1. The little boy finished his homework ___________________ to watch the cartoon. 这个小男孩尽可能快地完成作业，以便去看动画片。 2. _______________________________________. 这些跑步者试图用尽可能快的速度奔跑。 as fast as possible The runners tried to run as fast as possible $