学易金卷：高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦外研版选择性必修三Units3-4，以科技干预网络欺凌、老年脑科学等时代素材创设情境，通过梯度题型考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|15/15|冠词、时态等语法|语境化考查基础语言知识| |完形填空|20/30|网络欺凌干预主题|行为科学研究情境，培养批判性思维| |阅读理解|20/50|社会心理、气候研究等|跨学科素材，提升信息获取与推理能力| |阅读表达|5/10|故事寓意分析|引导反思过程价值，发展思维品质| |书面表达|1/25|英文导游申请信|结合天津文化景点，强化语言运用与文化意识|

2025-2026学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 3~4（新教材外研版）。 5．难度系数：0.65。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—What do you think of the science fiction, The Three-Body Problem, written by Liu Cixin? —Oh, it’s really ________ wonderful book, which is worth reading________ second time. A．the, a B．a, the C．a, a D．the, the 2．The guests told the police that their baggage ________ stolen when they were away from the hotel this afternoon. A．were B．was C．is D．are 3．Leah is angry at me for not ________ her the truth of how the conflict is resolved. A．telling B．told C．to tell D．being told 4．Actually, ________ is a challenging job for the young staff to negotiate contracts with such a big company. A．there B．this C．that D．it 5．Beijing roast duck is a ________ Beijing cuisine. Its crisp skin and tender meat attract many tourists. A．convenient B．typical C．healthy D．homemade 6．Let’s make joint efforts to protect the environment and live ________ nature. A．in contrast to B．in memory of C．in harmony with D．in control of 7．People are concerned about the case that ________ by the police. A．investigated B．is investigated C．is being investigated D．being investigated 8．— I had a great time playing basketball with you today. — Then let's do it ________. How about every Sunday? A．currently B．enormously C．regularly D．hardly 9．—Shall I tell John about it? —No, you . I’ve told him already. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 10．The government is now trying to ________ the number of people killed in the earthquake. A．consume B．confirm C．conduct D．contact 11．Mrs. Smith ________ children’s behaviors to figure out solutions to their lack of concentration. A．probed into B．turned to C．stuck to D．dipped into 12．The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A．most of which B．most of them C．most of whom D．most of those 13．Michael held a party until midnight when his parents were out on holiday. His neighbor sighed “________”. A．as busy as a bee B．as cool as a cucumber C．a wet blanket D．when the cat is away 14．______ great achievements the world may have in the future, the part China will play can't be left out. A．If B．Whatever C．Whichever D．However 15．—Shelly was late for the oral class this morning. —________? As far as I know, he never came late to class. A．So What B．How come C．Why D．What for 第二节：完型填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why are younger age group so much more willing to post an offensive message on social media? Why aren’t we changing the 16 in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)? That’s when I had a(n) 17 . What if I gave them a chance to 18 what they were doing? If an adolescent 19 to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on. You’re about to 20 an offensive message to someone. That can really 21 them. Are you sure you want to post this message?”, would they still be 22 to do it? So early this year, using my science and technology skills, I 23 a software system. And basically, they were able to compare whether a 24 which caused adolescents to consider what they were doing actually reduce their 25 to post offensive messages. In the end, I was able to get 1,500 26 trials of data. 93% of the time when adolescents 27 a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”, they finally 28 their mind. I was able to 29 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%. Now, the app Rethink has become 30 popular. I also currently hold a patent for this 31 idea. According to the data, Rethink has 32 that, in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 33 of the seconds means so much in the future. So, I 34 all of you: rethink before the damage is done. We need to slow down, 35 , and consider what we’re doing. 16．A．value B．attention C．behavior D．interest 17．A．idea B．promise C．conclusion D．approach 18．A．complain about B．think about C．focus on D．comment on 19．A．arranged B．refused C．managed D．attempted 20．A．shoot B．distribute C．transform D．explain 21．A．sacrifice B．motivate C．hurt D．confuse 22．A．stubborn B．willing C．ashamed D．warm-hearted 23．A．acquired B．invested C．approved D．created 24．A．threat B．caution C．concern D．restriction 25．A．intention B．strength C．desire D．courage 26．A．unique B．academic C．complicated D．effective 27．A．ignore B．send C．receive D．post 28．A．lost B．changed C．kept D．set 29．A．challenge B．adjust C．betray D．decrease 30．A．wildly B．permanently C．mildly D．accidentally 31．A．ridiculous B．shallow C．fantastic D．conflicting 32．A．proven B．guaranteed C．assumed D．known 33．A．imagination B．flash C．inspiration D．stimulation 34．A．believe B．prefer C．respect D．encourage 35．A．struggle B．hesitate C．pause D．decline 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A As a young person, I never thought of myself as a sports enthusiast because I was quite clumsy. But there was one thing I enjoyed: running. It felt like I was soaring (翱翔) through the air. Sadly, this changed when I hurt my knee two years ago. I had to stay in be d for two weeks and even walking a short way was hard for me. I was so upset that I cried as I moved to the car for several days. When therapy (治疗，疗法) wasn’t working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact. Starting a yoga practice was truly a blessing because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I’d feel a surge (涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave. Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times. However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn’t get swayed away (动摇) by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer. After 3-4months of practising hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition. I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds (减轻体重) from my body. Yoga literally made me feel as if I’d taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too. Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms. Also, practising yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practising with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn’t. Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I’m part of a bigger picture in life! 36．What once depressed the author terribly according to Paragraph 1? A．Her inability to walk. B．Her negative thoughts. C．Her failure to find her car. D．Her serious physical disease. 37．What was the effect of yoga classes on the author’s mind? A．She got emotionally smarter. B．She felt limited but hopeful. C．She became mentally stronger. D．She accepted herself as she was. 38．What difficulty did the author meet while attending each yoga class? A．The temperature was difficult to control in yoga class. B．She couldn’t bear the pain the knee injury brought. C．Lack of confidence prevented the author doing yoga. D．She was greatly influenced by negative thoughts. 39．What can we learn about the author from paragraph 4? A．Her physical state has acquired a new outlook. B．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes. C．She has developed many healthy eating habits. D．She did better than her classmates at school. 40．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses. B．To present the benefits of practising yoga regularly. C．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga. D．To share with readers her experience in taking yoga classes. B Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素)and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience (韧性) , even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 41．Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A．Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B．Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. C．New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. D．The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. 42．What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A．Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B．Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological (生物学) brain changes. C．Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. D．Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 43．Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A．Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. B．Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C．Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. D．Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 44．In the 4th paragraph, which word can replace the underlined word “galvanize”? A．suppress B．evaluate C．imitate D．stimulate 45．Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, . A．Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B．Rational(理性)thinking declines with age despite training. C．Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D．Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. C If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments used. online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accenting the offer. Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本) imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Vonasch. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” 46．Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie? A．They dislike a money-related offer. B．They distrust the true value of the offer. C．They think the offer 1s not good enough. D．They suspect the offer only lasts a short time. 47．In the initial cookie experiment, what assumption did many participants make when the cookie was offered along with $2? A．The cookie might have been contaminated in some way. B．The money was not enough to influence their decision. C．The offer was part of a long-term marketing campaign. D．The cookie was likely of lower quality than expected. 48．What explanation does the study give for why overly generous offers are perceived as less appealing? A．They highlight the flaws in the standard economic model. B．They directly contradict economic gain expectations. C．They-reduce the offer’s perceived psychological value. D．They remind people of negative past experiences with cheating. 49．Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment? A．To stress the unpredictability of human choices. B．To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices. C．To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples. D．To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers. 50．What broader implication can be drawn from the study’s conclusion? A．People are less likely to accept help when it comes with no cost. B．Social judgments often outweigh rational economic decisions. C．Economic decisions are often influenced by material rewards. D．Humans consistently prioritize short-term over long-term benefits. D Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 51．By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A．poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 52．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A．Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B．Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C．The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D．Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 53．Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A．Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B．His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C．Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D．Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 54．What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A．It is expensive and difficult to promote. B．It overestimates the household energy consumption. C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 55．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B．The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Jake was a young software developer living in a busy city. Despite his success at work, he felt unsatisfied and often questioned the purpose of his efforts. One evening, feeling particularly lost, he decided to take a break and visit a small coastal town where his old friend, Sam, lived. Upon arriving, eke was struck by the town’s calmness. Sam greeted him warmly and suggested they take a hike to a nearby lighthouse. The path was tough, but Sam assured Jake that the view from the top was worth it. As they climbed, Jake voiced his doubts. “Sam, I’ve been working hard, but I feel stuck. What’s the point?” Sam paused and looked at the path ahead. “Life isn’t always easy, Jake. Sometimes it feels like we’re making no progress, but every step counts, even the hard ones.” Their conversation was interrupted when they reached a particularly rocky section. Jake fell, hurting his knee. Frustrated, he almost gave up and suggested turning back. He felt a mix of anger and disappointment, thinking all his effort was for nothing. But Sam extended a hand, helping him to his feet. “Life’s challenges can knock us down, but we learn and grow by facing them.” Finally, after much effort, they reached the lighthouse. The view was amazing—the vast ocean stretched endlessly, with the setting sun casting golden colors over the water. Jake felt a deep sense of peace and accomplishment. Sam turned to him and said, “See this view, Jake? It shows the big picture of life. The tough journey was worth it. Your work is the same—each challenge and effort leads to something greater.” Jake nodded, realizing his struggles had value. As they walked back, Jake felt a renewed sense of purpose. He now understood that meaning comes from the journey, not the destination. With this new perspective, he felt ready to face life’s challenges with hope and determination. 56．What did Jake continually think about? (no more than 5 words) 57．Why did Sam suggest the hike? (no more than 10 words) 58．What does the underlined word “frustrated” probably mean? (no more than 2 words) 59．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? (no more than 15 words) 60．Do you agree with the saying “meaning comes from the journey, not the destination.”? Please give your reasons. (no more than 25 words) 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61．假如你是天津某高中学生李津, 你在天津市文化和旅游局(Tianjin Municipal Bureauof Culture and Tourism)官网看到一则招募暑期英文导游志愿者的启事。请根据以下提示，给相关负责人写一封申请信： 1.表明写信目的，信息来源等; 2.介绍你的优势，如对天津的了解、英语能力等; 3.表达希望获得机会的愿望及感谢。 参考词汇： 英文导游志愿者:a volunteer as an English tour-guide           官网: official website 发布、刊登: advertise  天津之眼: the Tianjin Eye  古文化街: Ancient Culture Street 注意： 1.词数不少于 100 ; 2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Jin 试卷第6页，共7页 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 3~4（新教材外研版）。 5．难度系数：0.65。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—What do you think of the science fiction, The Three-Body Problem, written by Liu Cixin? —Oh, it’s really ________ wonderful book, which is worth reading________ second time. A．the, a B．a, the C．a, a D．the, the 【答案】C 【详解】考查冠词。句意：——你觉得Liu Cixin写的科幻小说《三体问题》怎么样？——哦，这真是一本好书，值得再读一次。名词book虽指上文的“书”，但前面有形容词wonderful修饰，属于泛指概念，应用不定冠词修饰，因连接的形容词wonderful发音以辅音音素开头，故用a；根据句意，第二个空表示泛指，序数词前用不定冠词限定，意为“又一；再一（(不侧重顺序）”，因second发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。故选C项。 2．The guests told the police that their baggage ________ stolen when they were away from the hotel this afternoon. A．were B．was C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：客人们告诉警察，他们今天下午离开旅馆时行李被偷了。 baggage不可数名词，此处指行李被偷，根据下文的“were ”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态，空格处已有过去分词 stolen，主谓一致，故选B。 3．Leah is angry at me for not ________ her the truth of how the conflict is resolved. A．telling B．told C．to tell D．being told 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：莉亚生我的气，因为我没有告诉她冲突是如何解决的。结合本句社空前介词for，可知空白处要用动名词作宾语。根据句意，此处指我没有告诉她真相，所以空白处用动名词的主动式。结合选项，选项A与文意相符，故选A。 4．Actually, ________ is a challenging job for the young staff to negotiate contracts with such a big company. A．there B．this C．that D．it 【答案】D 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：事实上，对于年轻员工来说，与这样一家大公司谈判合同是一项具有挑战性的工作。A.there代词，表示某事物存在或发生；常用于结构There is/are...；B.this这个，表示后文中将要提到的某物；C.that代词，特指上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，为同类异物；D.it代词，用于句型It is/was + a(n) + 单数名词+ (for sb.) to do sth.，句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。分析可知，本句中的主语为for the young staff to negotiate contracts with such a big company，所以空白处填it作形式主语。故选D。 5．Beijing roast duck is a ________ Beijing cuisine. Its crisp skin and tender meat attract many tourists. A．convenient B．typical C．healthy D．homemade 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：北京烤鸭是典型的北京菜肴，酥皮嫩肉吸引了许多游客。A.convenient方便的；便利的；B.typical典型的；有代表性的；C.healthy健康的；D.homemade自制的；国产的。根据句意，此处指北京烤鸭是北京代表性的菜肴。故选B。 6．Let’s make joint efforts to protect the environment and live ________ nature. A．in contrast to B．in memory of C．in harmony with D．in control of 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：让我们共同努力，保护环境，与自然和谐相处。A. in contrast to与……形成对照；B. in memory of纪念……；C. in harmony with与……协调；D. in control of控制。根据前后文“live ________ nature”指与自然和谐相处，in harmony with符合语境。故选C。 7．People are concerned about the case that ________ by the police. A．investigated B．is investigated C．is being investigated D．being investigated 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：人们对警方正在调查的这个案子非常关注。分析可知，that ________ by the police在句中为定语从句，修饰先行词the case；句中the case和investigate为动宾关系，所以investigate要用被动语态，结合句意可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时。根据选项，选项C与文意相符，故选C。 8．— I had a great time playing basketball with you today. — Then let's do it ________. How about every Sunday? A．currently B．enormously C．regularly D．hardly 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词的辨析。句意：-我今天和你一起打篮球很开心。-那么我们就有规律地打球吧。每周日一起玩怎么样？A. currently当前地； B. enormously非常，极其；C. regularly有规律地； D. hardly几乎不。从上句对话可知此次打篮球很开心，两个人希望以后有规律地进行这项活动，符合题意。故选C项。 9．—Shall I tell John about it? —No, you . I’ve told him already. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——用我告诉约翰关于这件事的原委么？——不，你不需要。我已经告诉他了。A. mustn’t禁止，不允许；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. needn’t不必，不用；D. wouldn’t不会。根据I’ve told him already.可知，“你不需要告诉约翰这件事了”。故选C。 10．The government is now trying to ________ the number of people killed in the earthquake. A．consume B．confirm C．conduct D．contact 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府正在确认地震中的死亡人数。A.consume消费；B.confirm确认；C.conduct实施；D.contact联系；联络。根据句意可知，此处指政府在确认地震中的死亡人数。故选B。 11．Mrs. Smith ________ children’s behaviors to figure out solutions to their lack of concentration. A．probed into B．turned to C．stuck to D．dipped into 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：史密斯太太为了找出解决他们注意力不集中的方法，研究孩子们的行为。A.probed into盘问；探究；B.turned to求助于；C.stuck to坚持；D.dipped into翻阅，浏览（书、杂志等）。结合句意，此处指史密斯太太为了找到解决汉子缺乏注意力的方法，探究孩子们的行为。选项A与文意相符，故选A。 12．The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A．most of which B．most of them C．most of whom D．most of those 【答案】C 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这些外国客人，其中大多数是科学家，在机场受到热烈欢迎。分析句子，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是guests，指人，在从句中作of的宾语，故选C。 13．Michael held a party until midnight when his parents were out on holiday. His neighbor sighed “________”. A．as busy as a bee B．as cool as a cucumber C．a wet blanket D．when the cat is away 【答案】D 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：他父母都出去度假时，迈克尔开晚会狂欢一直到午夜。他的邻居叹了口气:“猫不在的时候，老鼠闹得欢。”A. as busy as a bee  像蜜蜂一样勤劳；B. as cool as a cucumber  沉着冷静；C.  a wet blanket  泼冷水，扫兴；D.when the cat is away 猫不在,老鼠乐翻天。 意译:山中无老虎,猴子称大王。前面表示父母不在家，Michael在家瞎胡闹，深夜开party扰民，此语境下，邻居应该是想表示，家长不在家，孩子瞎胡闹。故选D项。 14．______ great achievements the world may have in the future, the part China will play can't be left out. A．If B．Whatever C．Whichever D．However 【答案】B 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论未来世界会有什么伟大的成就，中国扮演的角色都不能被忽视。A. If 假如；B. Whatever 无论什么；C. Whichever 无论哪一个；D. However 无论怎样。分析句子结构结合句意可知，空处引导一个让步状语从句，由“great achievements(伟大的成就)”可知应用whatever，表示“无论有什么伟大的成就”，所以用whatever引导此从句，故选B项。 15．—Shelly was late for the oral class this morning. —________? As far as I know, he never came late to class. A．So What B．How come C．Why D．What for 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——Shelly 今早口语课迟到了。——怎么会那样呢？据我所知，他上课从不迟到。A.So What那有怎样？B.How come怎么会那样呢？C.Why为什么？D.What for为什么？为何目的？结合答语中的he never came late to class可知，对于Shelly的迟到，回答者是不相信的。选项B符合题意，故选B。 第二节：完型填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why are younger age group so much more willing to post an offensive message on social media? Why aren’t we changing the 16 in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)? That’s when I had a(n) 17 . What if I gave them a chance to 18 what they were doing? If an adolescent 19 to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on. You’re about to 20 an offensive message to someone. That can really 21 them. Are you sure you want to post this message?”, would they still be 22 to do it? So early this year, using my science and technology skills, I 23 a software system. And basically, they were able to compare whether a 24 which caused adolescents to consider what they were doing actually reduce their 25 to post offensive messages. In the end, I was able to get 1,500 26 trials of data. 93% of the time when adolescents 27 a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”, they finally 28 their mind. I was able to 29 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%. Now, the app Rethink has become 30 popular. I also currently hold a patent for this 31 idea. According to the data, Rethink has 32 that, in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 33 of the seconds means so much in the future. So, I 34 all of you: rethink before the damage is done. We need to slow down, 35 , and consider what we’re doing. 16．A．value B．attention C．behavior D．interest 17．A．idea B．promise C．conclusion D．approach 18．A．complain about B．think about C．focus on D．comment on 19．A．arranged B．refused C．managed D．attempted 20．A．shoot B．distribute C．transform D．explain 21．A．sacrifice B．motivate C．hurt D．confuse 22．A．stubborn B．willing C．ashamed D．warm-hearted 23．A．acquired B．invested C．approved D．created 24．A．threat B．caution C．concern D．restriction 25．A．intention B．strength C．desire D．courage 26．A．unique B．academic C．complicated D．effective 27．A．ignore B．send C．receive D．post 28．A．lost B．changed C．kept D．set 29．A．challenge B．adjust C．betray D．decrease 30．A．wildly B．permanently C．mildly D．accidentally 31．A．ridiculous B．shallow C．fantastic D．conflicting 32．A．proven B．guaranteed C．assumed D．known 33．A．imagination B．flash C．inspiration D．stimulation 34．A．believe B．prefer C．respect D．encourage 35．A．struggle B．hesitate C．pause D．decline 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者为了反对网络欺凌而创建了应用程序Rethink，受到了人们欢迎。作者鼓励所有人：在造成伤害之前重新考虑一下，同时告诉我们要放慢脚步，暂停一下，然后考虑一下我们在做什么。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们不改变现实中网络暴力的行为呢？A. value价值；B. attention注意力；C. behavior行为；D. interest兴趣。由下文“in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)”可知，此处指现实中网络暴力的行为，故选C。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我有了一个想法。A. idea主意；想法；B. promise承诺；C. conclusion总结；D. approach方法。由下文“What if I gave them a chance to___3___what they were doing?”和下文提到作者创建了Rethink应用程序可知，此处指作者产生了一个想法，故选A。 18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我给他们一个机会去思考他们在做什么呢？A. complain about抱怨；B. think about思考；C. focus on集中于；D. comment on评价。由下文“consider what they were doing”可知，此处指思考他们在做什么，故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，而我说，“哇！等一下。你要对某人发出攻击性的信息。那会伤害到他们的。你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. arranged安排；B. refused拒绝；C. managed管理；D. attempted尝试。由下文“to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on.”可知，此处指如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，而我说，“哇！等一下。你要对某人发出攻击性的信息。那会伤害到他们的。你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. shoot射击；发出；B. distribute分配；C. transform转变；D. explain解释。由下文“an offensive message to someone”可知，此处指对某人发出攻击性的信息，故选A。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，而我说，“哇！等一下。你要对某人发出攻击性的信息。那会伤害到他们的。你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. sacrifice牺牲；B. motivate刺激；C. hurt伤害；D. confuse使困惑。由上文“an offensive message to someone”可知，对某人发出攻击性的信息，会伤害到他们，故选C。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，而我说，“哇！等一下。你要对某人发出攻击性的信息。那会伤害到他们的。你确定要发布这条信息吗？”，他们还愿意这么做吗？A. stubborn顽固的；B. willing乐意的，愿意的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. warm-hearted热心的。由上文“Are you sure you want to post this message?”和下文“the willingness to post offensive messages”可知，如果一个青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息。你告诉他这会对他人造成伤害，那么他还愿意去这么做吗，故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以今年早些时候，利用我的科学技术技能，我创建了一个软件系统。A. acquired获得；B. invested投资；C. approved允许；D. created制作；创建。由下文“a software system”可知，创建了一个软件系统，故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，他们可以比较一下，让青少年思考他们正在做什么的警告是否真的降低了他们发布攻击性信息的意图。A. threat威胁；B. caution小心；警告；C. concern关心；D. restriction限制。由上文“Are you sure you want to post this message”和下文“a caution”可知，当青少年试图在社交媒体上发布攻击性的信息，你告诉他这会对他人造成伤害，这是一种警告，故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，他们可以比较一下，让青少年思考他们正在做什么的警告是否真的降低了他们发布攻击性信息的意图。A. intention意图；B. strength力量；C. desire渴望；D. courage勇气。由上文“Are you sure you want to post this message”可知，青少年想在网上发攻击性信息，即他们发布攻击性信息的意图，故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我得到了1500个有效的数据试验。A. unique独一无二的；B. academic学术的；C. complicated复杂的；D. effective有效的。由上文“get 1,500”和下文数据证明在收到警告后，93%人最终改变主意了可知，此处指作者得到了1500个有效的数据试验，故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当青少年收到这样的警告:“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”时，他们中的93%人最终改变主意了。A. ignore忽视；B. send发送；C. receive收到；D. post发布。由下文“a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message””和下文“the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，此处指青少年收到这样的警告:“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”后，有些人会停止发送攻击性信息，故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当青少年收到这样的警告:“哇！你要发布一条攻击性的信息”时，他们中的93%人最终改变主意了。A. lost丢失；B. changed改变；C. kept保持；D. set设置。由上文“Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”和“finally”可知，在收到警告时，他们最终改变了主意，故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能够将发布攻击性信息的意愿从71.4%降低到4.6%。A. challenge挑战；B. adjust调整；C. betray背叛；D. decrease减少。由下文“from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，此处指将发布攻击性信息的意愿从71.4%降低到4.6%，故选D。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，应用程序Rethink已经变得非常流行。A. wildly野生地；极其；非常；B. permanently永久地；C. mildly温和地；D. accidentally偶然地。由下文“I also currently hold a patent”可知，作者创建了应用程序Rethink，作者的这一想法获得了专利，这说明这个应用程序如今很流行，故选A。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我目前还持有这个极好想法的专利。A. ridiculous可笑的；B. shallow浅的；C. fantastic极好的；D. conflicting冲突的。由上文“ I was able to 　　　14　　 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%.”可知，改软件将发布攻击性信息的意愿降低了，由此可知，这是一个极好的想法，故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据数据，Rethink已经证明，在你决定是否要点击“发布”的那几秒中，这几秒的顿悟在未来意义重大。A. proven证明；B. guaranteed保证；C. assumed认为；假设；D. known知道。由下文“in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the___18___of the seconds means so much in the future.”可知，在你决定是否要发布攻击性信息的那几秒中的顿悟是意义重大的，这是Rethink已经证明的事情，故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据数据，Rethink已经证明，在你决定是否要点击“发布”的那几秒中，这几秒的顿悟在未来意义重大。A. imagination想象；B. flash顿悟；突然理解；闪现；C. inspiration灵感；D. stimulation刺激。由下文“of the seconds means so much in the future”可知，此处指这几秒的顿悟，即决定不发送攻击性信息，意义重大，故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我鼓励你们所有人：在造成伤害之前重新考虑一下。A. believe相信；B. prefer更喜欢；C. respect尊敬；D. encourage鼓励。由下文“rethink before the damage is done.”可知，作者鼓励大家在对别人造成伤害之前重新考虑一下，故选D。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要放慢脚步，暂停一下，考虑一下我们在做什么。A. struggle挣扎；B. hesitate犹豫；C. pause暂停；D. decline拒绝。由上文“We need to slow down”可知，我们需要先放慢脚步，然后暂停一下，接着考虑我们所做的事，故选C。 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A As a young person, I never thought of myself as a sports enthusiast because I was quite clumsy. But there was one thing I enjoyed: running. It felt like I was soaring (翱翔) through the air. Sadly, this changed when I hurt my knee two years ago. I had to stay in be d for two weeks and even walking a short way was hard for me. I was so upset that I cried as I moved to the car for several days. When therapy (治疗，疗法) wasn’t working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact. Starting a yoga practice was truly a blessing because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I’d feel a surge (涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave. Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times. However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn’t get swayed away (动摇) by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer. After 3-4months of practising hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition. I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds (减轻体重) from my body. Yoga literally made me feel as if I’d taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too. Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms. Also, practising yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practising with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn’t. Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I’m part of a bigger picture in life! 36．What once depressed the author terribly according to Paragraph 1? A．Her inability to walk. B．Her negative thoughts. C．Her failure to find her car. D．Her serious physical disease. 37．What was the effect of yoga classes on the author’s mind? A．She got emotionally smarter. B．She felt limited but hopeful. C．She became mentally stronger. D．She accepted herself as she was. 38．What difficulty did the author meet while attending each yoga class? A．The temperature was difficult to control in yoga class. B．She couldn’t bear the pain the knee injury brought. C．Lack of confidence prevented the author doing yoga. D．She was greatly influenced by negative thoughts. 39．What can we learn about the author from paragraph 4? A．Her physical state has acquired a new outlook. B．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes. C．She has developed many healthy eating habits. D．She did better than her classmates at school. 40．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses. B．To present the benefits of practising yoga regularly. C．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga. D．To share with readers her experience in taking yoga classes. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者膝盖受伤导致行动困难，报名瑜伽课程参加练习后，整体健康状况变得更好的经历。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sadly, this changed when I hurt my knee two years ago. I had to stay in be d for two weeks and even walking a short way was hard for me. I was so upset that I cried as I moved to the car for several days. (不幸的是，两年前我的膝盖受伤后，这种情况发生了变化。我不得不在医院里呆了两个星期，甚至走一小段路对我来说都很困难。我心烦意乱，在车里哭了好几天。)”可知，膝盖受伤不能走路，使得作者感觉很沮丧。故选A项。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting a yoga practice was truly a blessing because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. (开始练习瑜伽真的是一种祝福，因为它帮助我获得了膝盖的力量，但最重要的是，瑜伽帮助我获得了一种更平静的心态，身体和精神。)”可知，练习瑜伽使作者获得了更平和的身心状态，瑜伽课让作者变得精神上更加强大。故选C项。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I’d feel a surge (涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave. (由于每节课都被加热到105华氏度，每次我踏入瑜伽馆，我都会感到一股消极的想法涌上心头，就像一个巨大的海浪。)”可知，作者每次去上瑜伽课时，深受消极思想的影响。故选D项。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“After 3-4months of practising hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition. I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds (减轻体重) from my body. Yoga literally made me feel as if I’d taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. (经过3-4个月的热瑜伽练习，我的胳膊和腿开始变得清晰。我醒来时也比开始练瑜伽之前有了更多的能量，我逐渐开始从我的身体上减掉体重。瑜伽真的让我觉得好像我喝了一杯能量饮料，给了我爆发，帮助我的膝盖愈合，使我的整体健康状况更好。)”可知，作者的身体状况变得更好，有了新的面貌。故选A项。 40．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When therapy (治疗，疗法) wasn’t working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact. (当治疗对我不起作用时，我报名参加了一个为女孩开设的热瑜伽课程，确切地说，是Bikram Yoga。)”以及最后一段中的“Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I’m part of a bigger picture in life! (总的来说，这种瑜伽练习帮助我看到我是生活中更大图景的一部分！)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者上瑜伽课并从中获益的经历，作者写作本文的目的是与读者分享自己参加瑜伽课程的经历。故选D项。 B Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素)and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience (韧性) , even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 41．Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A．Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B．Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. C．New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. D．The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. 42．What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A．Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B．Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological (生物学) brain changes. C．Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. D．Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 43．Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A．Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. B．Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C．Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. D．Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 44．In the 4th paragraph, which word can replace the underlined word “galvanize”? A．suppress B．evaluate C．imitate D．stimulate 45．Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, . A．Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B．Rational(理性)thinking declines with age despite training. C．Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D．Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍终身学习对衰老大脑的益处及背后的神经科学原理。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli and learning experiences.(早在20世纪60年代，英国神经科学家杰弗里·雷斯曼在电子显微镜下观察到，大鼠大脑的受伤区域可以建立新的突触连接。这些发现引入了神经可塑性的概念——即大脑可以随着新的刺激和学习体验不断重新连接自己的观点。)”可知，人类大脑比之前认为的更具弹性和活力。故选D项。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time.(这种适应能力并不能使大脑抵抗时间造成的损害。)”以及“Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality.(然而，这种体积的下降并不一定会转化为认知障碍。只要个人保持精神投入并对新体验持开放态度，大脑就会保留显著的能力来再生路径和维持功能。)”可推知，尽管大脑发生生理变化，认知灵活性仍可持续。故选B项。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility.(现代研究越来越强调，接触新环境、新想法和新技能可以增强大脑的灵活性。)”以及“From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. (从解决逻辑谜题到为日常事务选择非传统路径，对日常生活的细微改变能galvanize大脑功能并促进长期心理健康。)”可知，建议通过参与挑战思维习惯的新活动来维持晚年大脑健康。故选A项。 44．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health.(从解决逻辑谜题到为日常任务选择非常规路线，日常生活的微小变化可以galvanize大脑功能，促进长期心理健康。)”可知，划线单词与空后的“promote”为并列关系，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“促进”意义相近。故选D项。 45．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. (重要的是，2012年发表在《心理学与衰老》上的一项研究证实，参与认知刺激任务可以提高推理能力，并有可能延缓与年龄相关的智力衰退。)”可知，刻意的精神刺激可以增强推理能力。故选C项。 C If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments used. online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accenting the offer. Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本) imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Vonasch. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” 46．Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie? A．They dislike a money-related offer. B．They distrust the true value of the offer. C．They think the offer 1s not good enough. D．They suspect the offer only lasts a short time. 47．In the initial cookie experiment, what assumption did many participants make when the cookie was offered along with $2? A．The cookie might have been contaminated in some way. B．The money was not enough to influence their decision. C．The offer was part of a long-term marketing campaign. D．The cookie was likely of lower quality than expected. 48．What explanation does the study give for why overly generous offers are perceived as less appealing? A．They highlight the flaws in the standard economic model. B．They directly contradict economic gain expectations. C．They-reduce the offer’s perceived psychological value. D．They remind people of negative past experiences with cheating. 49．Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment? A．To stress the unpredictability of human choices. B．To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices. C．To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples. D．To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers. 50．What broader implication can be drawn from the study’s conclusion? A．People are less likely to accept help when it comes with no cost. B．Social judgments often outweigh rational economic decisions. C．Economic decisions are often influenced by material rewards. D．Humans consistently prioritize short-term over long-term benefits. 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为什么人们会拒绝看似过于慷慨的优惠或免费赠品，探讨了经济学和心理学之间的联系。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.”(在《个性与社会心理学公报》上发表的一项研究中，研究人员发现，人们倾向于拒绝“免费的钱”，以及异常便宜的服务，因为它们看起来“好得令人难以置信”)”可知，人们会拒绝2美元外加一块免费饼干的提议是因为他们不相信这份提议的真正价值。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段““People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand.(该研究的首席作者、新西兰坎特伯雷大学的心理学学者Andrew J. Vonasch说道：“人们通常会想象成这样的情景：有人对这块饼干做了些令人不快的事情。”)”可知，在最初的饼干实验中，当饼干与2美元一同提供时，这块饼干可能受到了某种污染。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本) imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.”(如果有人的行为似乎违反了公认的准则，比如违背了个人利益原则，而且没有给出任何解释，我们就会认为他们有隐藏的动机，并推断会有“虚幻的后果”（即想象出来的不良影响），这些后果会降低沃纳斯奇所说的“提议的‘心理价值’”)”可知，过于慷慨的提议会被认为吸引力降低是因为它降低了提议所具有的心理价值。故选C。 49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal.(研究人员还展示了如何减轻这种影响：简单地提供一个交易的理由)”以及““Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.”(“不舒服的座位通常不是卖点，”沃纳什说。“但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意坐，因为这是一个充分的解释。”)”可知，作者提到“廉价航班”实验是为了表明给出理由可以增加提议的接受度。故选D。 50．推理判断题。根据第四段“These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accenting the offer.(这些情况包括有人主动提出给予金钱奖励以换取接受送回家的服务，还有就是提供价格极其低廉的航班服务。在每种情况下，一旦超出某个特定的“门槛”，更高的潜在经济收益就会降低参与者接受该提议的可能性)”以及倒数第二段““Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Vonasch.(沃纳斯奇表示：“认识到他人眼中过度慷慨的行为可能会让我们觉得欠了他们的情，这也能够解释人们为何不愿意这样做。”)”以及可知，社会判断往往会凌驾于理性的经济决策之上。故选B。 D Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 51．By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A．poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 52．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A．Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B．Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C．The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D．Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 53．Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A．Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B．His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C．Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D．Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 54．What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A．It is expensive and difficult to promote. B．It overestimates the household energy consumption. C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 55．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B．The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 【答案】51．C 52．D 53．C 54．D 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍全球人口老龄化对能源消耗的影响及相关研究发现，探讨其与气候变化的关联。 51．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.(哈佛大学的侯赛因·埃斯蒂里和德国马克斯·普朗克人口研究学院的埃米利奥·扎格尼发现，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，而这不仅仅是因为我们往往会变得更富有。他们的研究表明，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大。)”可知，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大，此处强调能源消耗增加不仅归因于财富增长，还有其他因素如年龄变化，由此可知，“not just because we tend to get wealthier”意味着除财富之外还有其他因素导致能源消耗增加。故选C项。 52．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.(我们生命周期中各个阶段的能源使用量增加，似乎是生活方式和需求随年龄变化的结果。)”并结合上文内容可知，第三段旨在说明能源消耗随不同年龄的生活方式和需求变化而波动。故选D项。 53．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home.(该研究涉及收入、当地气候以及个人住房的年龄、类型和面积等因素。)”及第六段中的“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thinking about,” says Estiri.(埃斯蒂里说：“人口、老龄化和气候变化对能源需求的共同影响确实需要开始思考。”)”可知，埃斯蒂里认为影响能源消耗的各种因素（如人口结构、气候等）需综合考虑。故选C项。 54．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Most modelling of climate change mitigation assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.(大多数减缓气候变化的模型假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变，要么随时间仅发生少量变化。)”可知，大多数气候变化缓解模型的缺点是认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微的变化。故选D项。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. (英国埃克塞特大学的凯瑟琳·米切尔表示，这项研究可能会对政策制定者产生重要影响。她说：“论文指出，关于建筑物如何使用能源的研究很多，但关于居住者如何使用能源的研究可能不够。”)”可知，最后一段强调应更多关注“人”的能源使用情况。故选A项。 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Jake was a young software developer living in a busy city. Despite his success at work, he felt unsatisfied and often questioned the purpose of his efforts. One evening, feeling particularly lost, he decided to take a break and visit a small coastal town where his old friend, Sam, lived. Upon arriving, eke was struck by the town’s calmness. Sam greeted him warmly and suggested they take a hike to a nearby lighthouse. The path was tough, but Sam assured Jake that the view from the top was worth it. As they climbed, Jake voiced his doubts. “Sam, I’ve been working hard, but I feel stuck. What’s the point?” Sam paused and looked at the path ahead. “Life isn’t always easy, Jake. Sometimes it feels like we’re making no progress, but every step counts, even the hard ones.” Their conversation was interrupted when they reached a particularly rocky section. Jake fell, hurting his knee. Frustrated, he almost gave up and suggested turning back. He felt a mix of anger and disappointment, thinking all his effort was for nothing. But Sam extended a hand, helping him to his feet. “Life’s challenges can knock us down, but we learn and grow by facing them.” Finally, after much effort, they reached the lighthouse. The view was amazing—the vast ocean stretched endlessly, with the setting sun casting golden colors over the water. Jake felt a deep sense of peace and accomplishment. Sam turned to him and said, “See this view, Jake? It shows the big picture of life. The tough journey was worth it. Your work is the same—each challenge and effort leads to something greater.” Jake nodded, realizing his struggles had value. As they walked back, Jake felt a renewed sense of purpose. He now understood that meaning comes from the journey, not the destination. With this new perspective, he felt ready to face life’s challenges with hope and determination. 56．What did Jake continually think about? (no more than 5 words) 57．Why did Sam suggest the hike? (no more than 10 words) 58．What does the underlined word “frustrated” probably mean? (no more than 2 words) 59．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? (no more than 15 words) 60．Do you agree with the saying “meaning comes from the journey, not the destination.”? Please give your reasons. (no more than 25 words) 【答案】56．The purpose of his efforts. 57．To see the beautiful view. Or: Because the view was worth it. 58．(Feeling) discouraged/disappointed/annoyed/upset/defeated 59．Jake’s frustrations, his fall, and Sam’s encouragement to keep going. Or: Jake feeling stuck, his fall, and Sam helping him up. Or: Jake’s doubts, his injury, and Sam’s support during the hike. Or: Jake’s doubts and fall, and Sam assisting him. 60．Yes, because the journey provides opportunities for personal development and deeper understanding. Or: Yes, every step of the journey adds meaning and shapes our character, beyond just reaching the destination. Or: Yes, the journey involves learning and growth, which are important for finding true purpose. Or: No. Without a clear destination, the journey can feel aimless and unsatisfying. Or: No, because achieving the destination provides a clear sense of purpose and satisfication. Or: No, the destination represents the main goal, making it more meaningful than the journey. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了杰克是一名年轻的软件开发人员，生活在一个繁忙的城市。尽管他在工作上取得了成功，但他却感到不满足，经常质疑自己努力的意义。一天他去拜访他的老朋友山姆，山姆居住在一座沿海小镇。山姆热情地迎接了杰克，并建议他们一起徒步前往附近的灯塔，途中杰克摔倒了，想要放弃，但是山姆鼓励他继续前行，最终他们到达了灯塔，欣赏到了美丽的风景。山姆告诉杰克，艰难的旅程是值得的。工作也是一样的——每一次挑战和努力都会带来更伟大的成就。 56．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Despite his success at work, he felt unsatisfied and often questioned the purpose of his efforts.(尽管他在工作上取得了成功，但他却感到不满足，并经常质疑自己努力的目的。)”和第三段中“As they climbed, Jake voiced his doubts. “Sam, I’ve been working hard, but I feel stuck. What’s the point?” Sam paused and looked at the path ahead.(当他们往上爬的时候，杰克说出了他的疑虑。“山姆，我一直在努力，但我感觉自己陷入了困境。这有什么意义呢？”山姆停了下来，看着前方的道路)”可知，杰克一他直在思考她努力的目的是什么。故填The purpose of his efforts. 57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Sam greeted him warmly and suggested they take a hike to a nearby lighthouse. The path was tough, but Sam assured Jake that the view from the top was worth it.(山姆热情地迎接了杰克，并建议他们一起徒步前往附近的灯塔。虽然路途艰难，但山姆向杰克保证，山顶的美景绝对值得。)”可知，萨姆建议徒步旅行的原因是想让杰克看一下美丽的风景，风景是很值得的，故填To see the beautiful view.Or: Because the view was worth it. 58．考查词句猜测。根据划线单词上文“Jake fell, hurting his knee. (杰克摔倒了，伤到了膝盖)”和下文“he almost gave up and suggested turning back. He felt a mix of anger and disappointment, thinking all his effort was for nothing. (他几乎要放弃了，并提出要返回。他感到既愤怒又失望，觉得自己所有的努力都白费了。)”可知，杰克摔倒了，想要放弃，但是又感觉自己所有的努力都白费了，对自己很失望，由此可推知，他很沮丧，很失望，划线单词意为“沮丧”，故填(Feeling) discouraged/disappointed/annoyed/upset/defeated。 59．考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Jake fell, hurting his knee. Frustrated, he almost gave up and suggested turning back. He felt a mix of anger and disappointment, thinking all his effort was for nothing. But Sam extended a hand, helping him to his feet. “Life’s challenges can knock us down, but we learn and grow by facing them.” Finally, after much effort, they reached the lighthouse. The view was amazing—the vast ocean stretched endlessly, with the setting sun casting golden colors over the water. Jake felt a deep sense of peace and accomplishment. Sam turned to him and said, “See this view, Jake? It shows the big picture of life. The tough journey was worth it. Your work is the same—each challenge and effort leads to something greater.” Jake nodded, realizing his struggles had value.(杰克摔倒了，膝盖受伤。他沮丧不已，几乎要放弃，并建议返回。他感到愤怒和失望交织，觉得自己所有的努力都白费了。但山姆伸出了手，扶他站了起来。“生活的挑战会把我们打倒，但我们会在面对挑战的过程中学习和成长。”经过一番努力，他们终于到达了灯塔。景色美极了——浩瀚的海洋一望无际，落日在水面上洒下金色的光芒。杰克感到一种深深的平静和成就感。山姆转过身对他说：“看到这个景色了吗，杰克？它展示了生活的全貌。艰难的旅程是值得的。你的工作也是一样的——每一次挑战和努力都会带来更伟大的成就。”杰克点了点头，意识到他的挣扎是有价值的)”可知，第三段主要讲述了他们一起徒步前往附近的灯塔的过程，即刚开始杰克摔倒了很沮丧，但是山姆帮助他，鼓励他继续前行。故填Jake’s frustrations, his fall, and Sam’s encouragement to keep going. Or: Jake feeling stuck, his fall, and Sam helping him up. Or: Jake’s doubts, his injury, and Sam’s support during the hike. Or: Jake’s doubts and fall, and Sam assisting him. 60．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干“你是否同意“意义来自于旅程，而不是目的地”这句话？请给出您的理由”。回答既可以是肯定，也可以是否定。肯定时，理由为：因为旅程提供了个人发展和更深入理解的机会。或者：旅程的每一步都增加了意义并塑造了我们的性格，而不仅仅是到达目的地。或者：旅程涉及学习和成长，这对于找到真正的目标很重要。回答否定时，理由为：如果没有明确的目的地，旅程就会让人感觉漫无目的、不尽兴。或者：因为到达目的地会给人一种明确的目标感和满足感。或者：目的地代表着主要目标，这比旅程更有意义。故填Yes, because the journey provides opportunities for personal development and deeper understanding.Or: Yes, every step of the journey adds meaning and shapes our character, beyond just reaching the destination.Or: Yes, the journey involves learning and growth, which are important for finding true purpose.Or: No. Without a clear destination, the journey can feel aimless and unsatisfying.Or: No, because achieving the destination provides a clear sense of purpose and satisfication.Or: No, the destination represents the main goal, making it more meaningful than the journey. 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61．假如你是天津某高中学生李津, 你在天津市文化和旅游局(Tianjin Municipal Bureauof Culture and Tourism)官网看到一则招募暑期英文导游志愿者的启事。请根据以下提示，给相关负责人写一封申请信： 1.表明写信目的，信息来源等; 2.介绍你的优势，如对天津的了解、英语能力等; 3.表达希望获得机会的愿望及感谢。 参考词汇： 英文导游志愿者:a volunteer as an English tour-guide           官网: official website 发布、刊登: advertise  天津之眼: the Tianjin Eye  古文化街: Ancient Culture Street 注意： 1.词数不少于 100 ; 2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Jin, a senior high school student in Tianjin. I’m writing to apply for the volunteer position as an English tour-guide during the summer vacation, as advertised on the official website of Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism. As a native of Tianjin, I’m extremely familiar with every corner of this charming city. I know the fascinating history behind ancient landmarks like Ancient Culture Street and the unique stories of modern attractions such as The Tianjin Eye. Moreover, I have a passion for English and once won the first prize in an English speech contest. I’m confident in communicating fluently with foreign visitors. I sincerely hope to get this precious opportunity to introduce Tianjin’s rich culture to the world. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Jin 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就一则招募暑期英文导游志愿者的启事给相关负责人写一封申请信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 而且：moreover→besides 希望：hope→wish 宝贵的：precious→valuable 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m Li Jin, a senior high school student in Tianjin. 拓展句：I’m Li Jin, who is a senior high school student in Tianjin. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 I’m confident in communicating fluently with foreign visitors.（运用了动名词作介词后宾语） 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope to get this precious opportunity to introduce Tianjin’s rich culture to the world.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 试卷第6页，共7页 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．C2．B3．A4．D5．B6．C7．C8．C9．C10．B11．A12．C13．D14．B15．B 第二节：完型填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分) 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．D B 41．D 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．C C 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．B D 51．C 52．D 53．C 54．D 55．A 第Ⅱ卷 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 56．The purpose of his efforts. 57．To see the beautiful view. Or: Because the view was worth it. 58．(Feeling) discouraged/disappointed/annoyed/upset/defeated 59．Jake’s frustrations, his fall, and Sam’s encouragement to keep going. Or: Jake feeling stuck, his fall, and Sam helping him up. Or: Jake’s doubts, his injury, and Sam’s support during the hike. Or: Jake’s doubts and fall, and Sam assisting him. 60．Yes, because the journey provides opportunities for personal development and deeper understanding. Or: Yes, every step of the journey adds meaning and shapes our character, beyond just reaching the destination. Or: Yes, the journey involves learning and growth, which are important for finding true purpose. Or: No. Without a clear destination, the journey can feel aimless and unsatisfying. Or: No, because achieving the destination provides a clear sense of purpose and satisfication. Or: No, the destination represents the main goal, making it more meaningful than the journey. 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Jin, a senior high school student in Tianjin. I’m writing to apply for the volunteer position as an English tour-guide during the summer vacation, as advertised on the official website of Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism. As a native of Tianjin, I’m extremely familiar with every corner of this charming city. I know the fascinating history behind ancient landmarks like Ancient Culture Street and the unique stories of modern attractions such as The Tianjin Eye. Moreover, I have a passion for English and once won the first prize in an English speech contest. I’m confident in communicating fluently with foreign visitors. I sincerely hope to get this precious opportunity to introduce Tianjin’s rich culture to the world. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Jin 试卷第6页，共7页 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用〉 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 □ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 注意事项 2 23 23 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5m 45678 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 5 5678 5678 6 5678 56 56 56 6 78 7 567 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 789 9 9 789 9 9 9 5.正确填涂■ 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) 1 [AJIB]ICJ[D] 6 [AJBIICIIDI 11【AJ[B][CI[D] 16IA][B][C][D] 2 IAlIBUICIDI [AJIBJICJID] 12【AIIB]ICJID] 17【AI[B]IC]ID] 3 IAlIBIICIIDI 8 [AJ[BIIC]ID] 13 [A][B][C]ID] 18【AJ[B]ICJID] 4 IAlBICIDI 9 [AJIBJIC]ID] 14 [AJ[B]ICJID] 19【AI[BJ[CIID] 5 [AJIBJIC][D] 10 [AJ[BIICIID] 15IA][B1[C1[D] 20 [AJ[BIICIID] 21 [AJ[B][C][D] 26 IA]IBIIC][D] 31[A][B][C]ID] 36 [A][B][C][D] 22 [AJIB]ICJID] 27【A1[BI[CI[D1 32 [A][B][C][D] 37【AI[B1ICI[D1 23 [A]IB][C][D] 28【A[B][CI[D] 33[A[B][C[D] 38【A[BJ[CI[D] 24【AI[B[CI[D] 29【AI[BJ[C][D] 34 [A][B][CI[D] 39【AI[BI[CIID] 25【A1IB][C1[D1 30 [A][B][C][D] 35【AJ[BJ[CJID] 40 [A][B][C][D] ! 41【AJ[BI[CJID] 46【AJIB][CID] 51 [A][B]IC]ID] 42[A1[B1[C][D1 47【A1[B1[C]ID] 52【AJ[BJIC][D] 43 [A][BJ[CJ[D] 48 [A][B][C][D] 3【A][B]ICJID] 44 [A]IB][C][D] 49 [A][B][C][D] 54【AIIB][CJID] AJIBJICIIDI 50【AJ[BJC][DJ 55 [A][B]IC]ID] 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 56 57 请在各题目的答题区作第1！巽争赁形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 58 59 60 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 请在各题目的答题区作第2芈巽争赛形边框限定区域的答案无效！高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用) 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 标记 贴条形码区 准考证号 口 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 注意拿项 2 2 2 2 2 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 3 3 3 3 123 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5m 5 5 5 5 5 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5 6 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 6 6 6 6 56 6 6 6 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 78 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 8 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5.正确填涂 选择题（请用2B 铅笔填涂) 6[A][B]【CJID] 11【A][B]IC1ID] 16 [A][B][C][D] 2 [A][B][C][D] 7【A][B1[C][DJ 12[A][B1[C][D] 17 [A][B][C][D] 3【A]IB][C]ID] 8【A][B]IC][D] 13[A][B1[C][D] 18 [A][B]IC][D] 4 [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] 14【A][B]IC]ID] 19 [A][B][C][D] 5[A1IB][C][D] 10 [A][B]IC][D] 15[A][B1[C]ID] 20[A][B]IC][D] 21【A][B][C][D] 26[A][B][C][D] 31[A][B][C][D] 36 [A][B][C][D] 22【A1IB][C1[D] 27[A][B][C][D] 32[A][B1[C1[D] 37IA][B][C][D] 23【A]IB][C1[D] 28【A][B]IC]D] 33[A[B][C1[D1 38 [A][B][C][D] 24 [A][B][C][D] 29[A][B1[C][D] 34【A][B][C1ID] 39 [A][B][C][D] 25 [A][B][C][D] 30 [A][B][C][D] 35[A][B1[C][D] 40 [A][B][C][D] 41[A]IB][C][D] 46[A][B][C]D] 51[A][B]IC1[D] 42【A]IB][C][D] 47[A][B][C][D] 52【A][B1[C][D] 43 [A][B][C][D] 48[A][B][C1[D] 53 [A][B][C][D] 舡 44[A1[B][C1[D1 49[A][B][C1ID] 54[A][B1[C1[D] 45 [AJ[BJIC][D 50 [A][B][C][D] 55【A]IB1IC1ID1 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 袋 56. 57. 请在各题目的答题区樊铛作第1半興垒赛形边框限定区域的答案无效！ ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 58. 59. 60. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 请在各题目的答题区熨第2提半煲垒赛形边框限定区域的答案无效！………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高二英语下学期第三次月考（天津专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．测试范围：选择性必修第三册Units 3~4（新教材外研版）。 5．难度系数：0.65。 6．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—What do you think of the science fiction, The Three-Body Problem, written by Liu Cixin? —Oh, it’s really ________ wonderful book, which is worth reading________ second time. A．the, a B．a, the C．a, a D．the, the 2．The guests told the police that their baggage ________ stolen when they were away from the hotel this afternoon. A．were B．was C．is D．are 3．Leah is angry at me for not ________ her the truth of how the conflict is resolved. A．telling B．told C．to tell D．being told 4．Actually, ________ is a challenging job for the young staff to negotiate contracts with such a big company. A．there B．this C．that D．it 5．Beijing roast duck is a ________ Beijing cuisine. Its crisp skin and tender meat attract many tourists. A．convenient B．typical C．healthy D．homemade 6．Let’s make joint efforts to protect the environment and live ________ nature. A．in contrast to B．in memory of C．in harmony with D．in control of 7．People are concerned about the case that ________ by the police. A．investigated B．is investigated C．is being investigated D．being investigated 8．— I had a great time playing basketball with you today. — Then let's do it ________. How about every Sunday? A．currently B．enormously C．regularly D．hardly 9．—Shall I tell John about it? —No, you . I’ve told him already. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 10．The government is now trying to ________ the number of people killed in the earthquake. A．consume B．confirm C．conduct D．contact 11．Mrs. Smith ________ children’s behaviors to figure out solutions to their lack of concentration. A．probed into B．turned to C．stuck to D．dipped into 12．The foreign guests, ________ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A．most of which B．most of them C．most of whom D．most of those 13．Michael held a party until midnight when his parents were out on holiday. His neighbor sighed “________”. A．as busy as a bee B．as cool as a cucumber C．a wet blanket D．when the cat is away 14．______ great achievements the world may have in the future, the part China will play can't be left out. A．If B．Whatever C．Whichever D．However 15．—Shelly was late for the oral class this morning. —________? As far as I know, he never came late to class. A．So What B．How come C．Why D．What for 第二节：完型填空(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why are younger age group so much more willing to post an offensive message on social media? Why aren’t we changing the 16 in the actual cyberbully (网络欺凌)? That’s when I had a(n) 17 . What if I gave them a chance to 18 what they were doing? If an adolescent 19 to post an offensive message on social media, and if I went, “Whoa! Hold on. You’re about to 20 an offensive message to someone. That can really 21 them. Are you sure you want to post this message?”, would they still be 22 to do it? So early this year, using my science and technology skills, I 23 a software system. And basically, they were able to compare whether a 24 which caused adolescents to consider what they were doing actually reduce their 25 to post offensive messages. In the end, I was able to get 1,500 26 trials of data. 93% of the time when adolescents 27 a caution that says, “Whoa! You’re about to post an offensive message”, they finally 28 their mind. I was able to 29 the willingness to post offensive messages from 71.4% to 4.6%. Now, the app Rethink has become 30 popular. I also currently hold a patent for this 31 idea. According to the data, Rethink has 32 that, in those seconds, when you decide whether or not you’re going to hit “post”, the 33 of the seconds means so much in the future. So, I 34 all of you: rethink before the damage is done. We need to slow down, 35 , and consider what we’re doing. 16．A．value B．attention C．behavior D．interest 17．A．idea B．promise C．conclusion D．approach 18．A．complain about B．think about C．focus on D．comment on 19．A．arranged B．refused C．managed D．attempted 20．A．shoot B．distribute C．transform D．explain 21．A．sacrifice B．motivate C．hurt D．confuse 22．A．stubborn B．willing C．ashamed D．warm-hearted 23．A．acquired B．invested C．approved D．created 24．A．threat B．caution C．concern D．restriction 25．A．intention B．strength C．desire D．courage 26．A．unique B．academic C．complicated D．effective 27．A．ignore B．send C．receive D．post 28．A．lost B．changed C．kept D．set 29．A．challenge B．adjust C．betray D．decrease 30．A．wildly B．permanently C．mildly D．accidentally 31．A．ridiculous B．shallow C．fantastic D．conflicting 32．A．proven B．guaranteed C．assumed D．known 33．A．imagination B．flash C．inspiration D．stimulation 34．A．believe B．prefer C．respect D．encourage 35．A．struggle B．hesitate C．pause D．decline 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A As a young person, I never thought of myself as a sports enthusiast because I was quite clumsy. But there was one thing I enjoyed: running. It felt like I was soaring (翱翔) through the air. Sadly, this changed when I hurt my knee two years ago. I had to stay in be d for two weeks and even walking a short way was hard for me. I was so upset that I cried as I moved to the car for several days. When therapy (治疗，疗法) wasn’t working well for me, I signed up for a hot yoga class for girls, Bikram Yoga to be exact. Starting a yoga practice was truly a blessing because it helped me gain strength in my knees but, most importantly yoga helped me attain a more peaceful state of mind, body and spirit. Since each class was heated to 105°F, every time I stepped foot in the yoga studio, I’d feel a surge (涌起) of negative thoughts come upon me like a big ocean wave. Some of these thoughts were, in the beginning of my practice, so strong that I walked out of the class several times. However, as the months passed by, I noticed that when I didn’t get swayed away (动摇) by my negative thoughts, I could stay in the hot room for longer. After 3-4months of practising hot yoga, my arms and legs were beginning to get definition. I also woke up with so much more energy than I had before starting my yoga practice and I gradually started shedding the pounds (减轻体重) from my body. Yoga literally made me feel as if I’d taken a shot of energy drink and just gave me that burst that helped my knees heal and made my overall health better. As I saw some of my classmates do poses that looked appealing to me, I started to think maybe I could do them too. Therefore, yoga helped show me that I have no real limitations physically unless I set those limitations myself through eating junk and thinking in negative limiting terms. Also, practising yoga in front of a mirror helped me connect with myself and practising with a group of people really helped me to feel a greater sense of connection with humanity whereas before I didn’t. Overall, this yoga practice has helped me to see I’m part of a bigger picture in life! 36．What once depressed the author terribly according to Paragraph 1? A．Her inability to walk. B．Her negative thoughts. C．Her failure to find her car. D．Her serious physical disease. 37．What was the effect of yoga classes on the author’s mind? A．She got emotionally smarter. B．She felt limited but hopeful. C．She became mentally stronger. D．She accepted herself as she was. 38．What difficulty did the author meet while attending each yoga class? A．The temperature was difficult to control in yoga class. B．She couldn’t bear the pain the knee injury brought. C．Lack of confidence prevented the author doing yoga. D．She was greatly influenced by negative thoughts. 39．What can we learn about the author from paragraph 4? A．Her physical state has acquired a new outlook. B．Her social circle was widened in the yoga classes. C．She has developed many healthy eating habits. D．She did better than her classmates at school. 40．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To call on readers to sign up for yoga courses. B．To present the benefits of practising yoga regularly. C．To show readers the necessary skills needed to do yoga. D．To share with readers her experience in taking yoga classes. B Some people believe that getting older means a gradual decline rather than a journey toward wisdom. However, more and more studies show that learning is still possible in later life. In fact, continued education can benefit the aging brain. Throughout one’s life, the human brain remains remarkably capable of adapting and restructuring itself. As early as the 1960s, British neuroscientist Geoffrey Raisman observed that injured regions of rat brains could establish new synaptic (突触的) connections, as revealed under an electron microscope. These findings introduced the concept of neuroplasticity — the idea that the brain can continually rewire itself in response to new stimuli (触发因素)and learning experiences. Naturally, this adaptive ability does not make the brain resistant to the damage caused by time. Just as height tends to decline with age, so too does brain volume, shrinking at an estimated rate of 4% per decade beginning in one’s 40s. Nevertheless, this volumetric decline does not definitely translate into cognitive impairment. As long as individuals remain mentally engaged and open to novel experiences, the brain retains a significant capacity to regenerate pathways and maintain functionality. Modern research increasingly highlights that exposure to new environments, ideas, and skills can enhance the brain’s flexibility. These fresh experiences promote the formation of neural networks, which help sustain cognitive resilience (韧性) , even as structural shrinkage occurs. From solving logic puzzles to choosing unconventional routes for daily tasks, minor changes to routine can galvanize brain function and promote long-term mental health. Moreover, studies of older adults suggest that those who actively pursue new intellectual or physical challenges tend to enjoy enhanced memory performance and reduced susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders (神经退行性疾病). Natural qualities such as curiosity and an enthusiastic attitude toward acquiring knowledge appear to be positively correlated with cognitive preservation. Importantly, a 2012 study published in Psychology and Aging confirmed that participation in cognitively stimulating tasks can boost reasoning skills and potentially delay age-related mental decline. 41．Which of the following best explains Geoffrey Raisman’s research? A．Brain aging is a largely irreversible biological process. B．Synaptic formation in rats differs significantly from that in humans. C．New experiences primarily enhance short-term brain performance. D．The human brain is more resilient and dynamic than previously believed. 42．What inference can be drawn regarding brain aging from the text? A．Age-related brain shrinkage inevitably causes mental worsening. B．Cognitive flexibility can persist despite physiological (生物学) brain changes. C．Elderly individuals are incapable of forming new neural pathways. D．Once brain volume decreases, neuroplasticity ceases to function. 43．Which strategy is recommended for sustaining brain health in later life? A．Engaging in novel activities that challenge mental habits. B．Using drug treatments to slow aging effects. C．Repeating familiar tasks to avoid unnecessary stress. D．Focusing merely on physical exercise to support brain growth. 44．In the 4th paragraph, which word can replace the underlined word “galvanize”? A．suppress B．evaluate C．imitate D．stimulate 45．Based on the findings of the 2012 Psychology and Aging study, . A．Entertaining games are ineffective in preventing memory loss. B．Rational(理性)thinking declines with age despite training. C．Deliberate mental stimulation can enhance reasoning ability. D．Naturally gifted individuals benefit from cognitive training. C If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might well eat it. But what if they offered to also give you $2? You might politely decline and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money,” as well as unusually cheap services, because they seem “too good to be true.” In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered $2 as well. “People typically imagine things like someone did something disgusting to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch, a psychological scientist at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments used. online questionnaires to present other cases. These included being offered money to accept a ride home and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshold (门槛), higher potential monetary gain reduced participants’ likelihood of accenting the offer. Vonasch says the study illustrates that contrary to the “standard economic model,” which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, transactions need to also be understood as social interactions between people trying to understand each other’s minds. If someone seems to violate accepted norms, such as self-interest, without any explanation, we assume they have hidden motives and infer there will be “phantom costs” (幻影成本) imagined consequences that reduce what Vonasch calls an offer’s “psychological value.” Factors beyond the present moment may come into play. “Understanding that others’ perceived overgenerosity may put us in their debt could also help explain people’s reluctance,” says Vonasch. The researchers also showed how to mitigate the effect: simply provide a reason for the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a condition where the seats were revealed to be very uncomfortable. “Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was sufficient explanation.” 46．Why might people reject an offer of $2 along with a free cookie? A．They dislike a money-related offer. B．They distrust the true value of the offer. C．They think the offer 1s not good enough. D．They suspect the offer only lasts a short time. 47．In the initial cookie experiment, what assumption did many participants make when the cookie was offered along with $2? A．The cookie might have been contaminated in some way. B．The money was not enough to influence their decision. C．The offer was part of a long-term marketing campaign. D．The cookie was likely of lower quality than expected. 48．What explanation does the study give for why overly generous offers are perceived as less appealing? A．They highlight the flaws in the standard economic model. B．They directly contradict economic gain expectations. C．They-reduce the offer’s perceived psychological value. D．They remind people of negative past experiences with cheating. 49．Why does the author mention the “cheap flights” experiment? A．To stress the unpredictability of human choices. B．To illustrate how hidden motives affect people’s choices. C．To emphasize the importance of providing clear examples. D．To show giving justifications can increase acceptance of offers. 50．What broader implication can be drawn from the study’s conclusion? A．People are less likely to accept help when it comes with no cost. B．Social judgments often outweigh rational economic decisions. C．Economic decisions are often influenced by material rewards. D．Humans consistently prioritize short-term over long-term benefits. D Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 51．By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A．poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B．a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C．there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D．people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 52．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A．Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B．Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C．The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D．Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 53．Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A．Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B．His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C．Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D．Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 54．What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A．It is expensive and difficult to promote. B．It overestimates the household energy consumption. C．It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D．It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 55．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B．The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C．It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D．Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 第Ⅱ卷 注意事项： 1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Jake was a young software developer living in a busy city. Despite his success at work, he felt unsatisfied and often questioned the purpose of his efforts. One evening, feeling particularly lost, he decided to take a break and visit a small coastal town where his old friend, Sam, lived. Upon arriving, eke was struck by the town’s calmness. Sam greeted him warmly and suggested they take a hike to a nearby lighthouse. The path was tough, but Sam assured Jake that the view from the top was worth it. As they climbed, Jake voiced his doubts. “Sam, I’ve been working hard, but I feel stuck. What’s the point?” Sam paused and looked at the path ahead. “Life isn’t always easy, Jake. Sometimes it feels like we’re making no progress, but every step counts, even the hard ones.” Their conversation was interrupted when they reached a particularly rocky section. Jake fell, hurting his knee. Frustrated, he almost gave up and suggested turning back. He felt a mix of anger and disappointment, thinking all his effort was for nothing. But Sam extended a hand, helping him to his feet. “Life’s challenges can knock us down, but we learn and grow by facing them.” Finally, after much effort, they reached the lighthouse. The view was amazing—the vast ocean stretched endlessly, with the setting sun casting golden colors over the water. Jake felt a deep sense of peace and accomplishment. Sam turned to him and said, “See this view, Jake? It shows the big picture of life. The tough journey was worth it. Your work is the same—each challenge and effort leads to something greater.” Jake nodded, realizing his struggles had value. As they walked back, Jake felt a renewed sense of purpose. He now understood that meaning comes from the journey, not the destination. With this new perspective, he felt ready to face life’s challenges with hope and determination. 56．What did Jake continually think about? (no more than 5 words) 57．Why did Sam suggest the hike? (no more than 10 words) 58．What does the underlined word “frustrated” probably mean? (no more than 2 words) 59．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? (no more than 15 words) 60．Do you agree with the saying “meaning comes from the journey, not the destination.”? Please give your reasons. (no more than 25 words) 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61．假如你是天津某高中学生李津, 你在天津市文化和旅游局(Tianjin Municipal Bureauof Culture and Tourism)官网看到一则招募暑期英文导游志愿者的启事。请根据以下提示，给相关负责人写一封申请信： 1.表明写信目的，信息来源等; 2.介绍你的优势，如对天津的了解、英语能力等; 3.表达希望获得机会的愿望及感谢。 参考词汇： 英文导游志愿者:a volunteer as an English tour-guide           官网: official website 发布、刊登: advertise  天津之眼: the Tianjin Eye  古文化街: Ancient Culture Street 注意： 1.词数不少于 100 ; 2.可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/ Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Jin 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第5页（共8页） 试题 第6页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $