Unit 5 课时1 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit5 Natural disasters 课时1 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking分层作业 一、根据音标写单词 1．【答案】necessary 2．【答案】cancel 3．【答案】Anyway 4．【答案】effect 5．【答案】death 二、翻译 【答案】 6．survive 7．similar 8．泡沫 9．rapid 10．迅速地；快速地；快捷地 11．towards 12．nothing 13．whether 14．hotel 15．guard 16．敦促；力劝 三、单项选择 17．【答案】B 18．【答案】D 19．【答案】A 20．【答案】C 21．【答案】B 四、补全对话 【答案】1．How long has it been like this 2．What happens to the crops/How does it affect the crops 3．How does it affect the city/people in the city 4．Is it just about the lack of rain 5．How are you trying to solve this/adapt to this 【答案】1．What was the fire caused by/How was the fire started 2．How many homes have been destroyed 3．Is climate change making it worse 4．How are firefighters fighting the blaze/fire 5．How can we help 五、单词拼写 1．【答案】death 2．【答案】bled 3．【答案】batteries 4．【答案】stay 5．【答案】will have 6．【答案】has increased 7．【答案】will come 8．【答案】washed 9．【答案】was rising 10．【答案】calmed 11．【答案】safe 12．【答案】terribly 13．【答案】electronic 14．【答案】urgent 15．【答案】rapidly 六、语法选择 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 七、短文填空 【答案】 1．important 2．When 3．covered 4．slowly 5．roofs 6．a 7．how 8．of 9．us 10．better 八、任务型阅读 【答案】1．In the very early hours of September 2, 1666. 2．Yes, it did. 3．Because of the heat from the fire. 4．The King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. 5．I would first try to take my most important and valuable property and quickly move to a safe place far away from the area. If there was no time to collect property, I would run to a safe place at once. ( 1 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5 Natural disasters 课时1 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 exhibition n. 展览 volcanic adj. 火山的 eruption n. 爆发；喷发 hurricane n. 飓风 cyclone n. 旋风；气旋 drought n. 旱灾；干旱 heatwave n. 热浪 flood n. 洪水；水灾 injury n. 伤害；损伤（复现） damage n. 损失；损害 abbreviation n. 缩写；缩写形式 typhoon n. 台风（复现） battery n. 电池 power n. 电力；电源 wind n. 风 shelter n. 避难所 tap n. 水龙头 device n. 设备；装置 flooding n. 洪水；泛滥 snake n. 蛇 filler n. 填充词 核心短语 natural disaster 自然灾害（复现） exhibition board 展览板 cause and effect 因果 cause damage 造成损失 take place 发生 weather report 天气预报 power off 断电；停电 wind picks up 风力增强 lock doors and windows 锁好门窗 had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事 low-lying area 低洼地区 higher ground 高地 outdoor activity 户外活动 tap water 自来水 watch out for 小心；留意 ) 一、根据音标写单词 1．It’s ________ /ˈnesəsəri/ to wear a long coat on such a cold day. 【答案】necessary 【详解】句意：在这样寒冷的日子里，穿一件长外套是必要的。根据音标可知，对应的单词是necessary，意为“必要的”，是形容词作表语。 2．Due to the ongoing disaster, the school decided to ________ /'kænsl/ the upcoming sports meeting. 【答案】cancel 【详解】句意：由于正在发生的灾难，学校决定取消即将到来的运动会。根据音标/'kænsl/可知，cancel“取消”。固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，此处应使用动词原形。故填cancel。 3．The rescue work was hard and dangerous. ________ /'eniweɪ/, all rescuers kept going without rest. 【答案】Anyway 【详解】句意：救援工作既艰苦又危险。无论如何，所有救援人员都没有休息，继续前进。根据音标/'eniweɪ/可知，Anyway“无论如何；不管怎样”，用于句首表示转折或让步，句首首字母需大写。故填Anyway。 4．The disaster’s long-term _______ /ɪˈfekt/ includes a shortage of clean water and medical supplies. 【答案】effect 【详解】句意：这场灾难带来的长期影响包括清洁水源和医疗物资的短缺。根据音标可知单词是effect，名词作主语。故填effect。 5．After her ________ /deθ/, their lives changed forever. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：在她死后，他们的生活永远改变了。根据音标可知单词是death“死亡”，不可数名词。故填death。 二、翻译 6．________ v.幸存 7．________ adj.相像的；相仿的；类似的 8．foam n. _________ 9．_________ adj.迅速的；快速的；快捷的 10．rapidly adv. _________ 11．________ prep.向；朝着；接近 12．_________ pron.没有什么；无关紧要的事情 13．_________ conj.是否（表示选择或可能性） 14．_________ n.旅馆；旅社 15．________ n.警卫；看守 16．urge v. _________ 【答案】 6．survive 7．similar 8．泡沫 9．rapid 10．迅速地；快速地；快捷地 11．towards 12．nothing 13．whether 14．hotel 15．guard 16．敦促；力劝 【解析】略 三、单项选择 17．What is the function (作用) of fillers in talking? A．To make sentences longer. B．To give speakers time to pause and think. C．To make pronunciation louder. D．To change the meaning of sentences. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谈话中的填充词有什么作用？ To make sentences longer.使句子变长；To give speakers time to pause and think.给说话者停顿、思考的时间；To make pronunciation louder.使发音更响亮；To change the meaning of sentences.改变句子的含义。原文原句定义“Fillers allow speakers time to pause and consider what to say next.”填充词的作用：给说话者停顿、思考接下来要说什么的时间。 18．Which part of the following sentence should we read with a falling tone (降调)? Make sure you have enough food, fresh water and batteries in case the power goes off. A．enough food B．fresh water C．batteries D．in case the power goes off 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面这个句子中，哪个部分我们应该读降调？备好充足的食物，干净的饮用水和电池，以防停电。 本句中所有并列列举的物品用升调，enough food、fresh water、batteries都是列举项，读升调；in case the power goes off是句子结尾部分，读降调。 19．What should be put into a first-aid kit according to the passage? A．A torch, a radio, some bandages, some face masks and some medicine. B．Some snacks and drinks. C．Fashion clothes and masks. D．Old maps and books. 【答案】A 【详解】根据原文“It should include a torch, a radio, some bandages, some face masks and some medicine. ”急救包物品包含手电筒、收音机、药品等, 应填A torch, a radio, some bandages, some face masks and some medicine.。 20．Which of the following words is NOT a common filler? A．anyway B．hmm C．typhoon D．well 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪个词汇不是常用口头禅？ anyway不管怎样；hmm嗯；typhoon台风；well好了。只有C项typhoon是自然灾害名词，不属于常用口头禅。 21．According to the pronunciation rules, we use a rising tone (升调) when we ________. A．finish the whole sentence B．list examples in a sentence C．say the ending of a speech D．give final orders 【答案】B 【详解】句意：根据发音规则，我们在列举句子中的例子时使用升调。 finish the whole sentence完成整个句子；list examples in a sentence在句子中列举例子；say the ending of a speech说演讲的结尾；give final orders下达最后命令。根据英语语调规则，升调通常用于表示未结束、列举、疑问或礼貌，应填list examples in a sentence。 四、补全对话 Complete the following sentences as required. (根据情景要求，完成句子。) A farmer is talking to a reporter about a severe drought. Reporter: I’m standing here at Green Valley Farm. The ground is dry and cracked. I’m with Mr. Ryan. Sir, this looks very serious. Farmer: It is the worst season I have ever seen. We are in big trouble. Reporter: I haven’t seen rain in the city for weeks. 1 ? (针对持续时间提问) Farmer: It hasn’t rained for over six months here. The rivers are drying up, and the groundwater level is dropping every day. Reporter: That is a long time. 2 ? (针对农作物影响提问) Farmer: The crops are dying before they can grow. The wheat is turning yellow, and the corn is too small to harvest. Reporter: This doesn’t just affect farmers. 3 ? (针对城市影响提问) Farmer: For people in the city, food prices will go up significantly. When supply is low, vegetables and bread become much more expensive. Reporter: So it affects everyone’s wallet. 4 ? (一般疑问句) Farmer: No, it’s not just about the lack of rain. The high temperatures are also evaporating the water we have left. It’s a double blow. Reporter: We can’t control the weather, but we can adapt. 5 ? (根据下文提问)                   Farmer: We are trying to solve this by using drip irrigation. It delivers water directly to the plant roots so we don’t waste a single drop. 【答案】1．How long has it been like this 2．What happens to the crops/How does it affect the crops 3．How does it affect the city/people in the city 4．Is it just about the lack of rain 5．How are you trying to solve this/adapt to this 【导语】本文主要是关于一名记者和农民瑞安先生，讨论绿谷农场遭遇严重干旱的对话，围绕干旱持续时间、对农作物和城市的影响、干旱的原因以及应对方法展开交流。 1．记者说自己在城市里好几周没见到雨了，结合农民的回答“这里已经六个多月没下雨了，河流正在干涸，地下水位每天都在下降”，可知记者的提问是针对干旱的持续时间，故用疑问句“How long has it been like this”衔接下文。 2．记者感叹干旱持续时间很长，结合农民的回答“庄稼还没长成就快枯死了，小麦正在变黄，玉米小得无法收割”，可知记者的提问是针对干旱对农作物的影响，故用疑问句“What happens to the crops/How does it affect the crops”衔接下文。 3．记者说干旱不仅仅影响农民，结合农民的回答“对城市里的人来说，食品价格将会大幅上涨，当供应不足时，蔬菜和面包会变得贵得多”，可知记者的提问是针对干旱对城市（城市里的人）的影响，故用疑问句“How does it affect the city/people in the city”衔接下文。 4．记者说干旱影响每个人的钱包，结合农民的否定回答“不，不仅仅是因为缺少雨水，高温也在蒸发我们剩下的水分，这是双重打击”，可知记者的提问是关于“干旱是否仅仅是因为缺少雨水”的一般疑问句，故用疑问句“Is it just about the lack of rain”衔接下文。 5．记者说我们无法控制天气，但可以适应，结合农民的回答“我们正试图通过滴灌来解决这个问题，它将水直接输送到植物根部，这样我们就不会浪费一滴水”，可知记者的提问是针对农民如何尝试解决干旱（适应干旱），故用疑问句“How are you trying to solve this/adapt to this”衔接下文。 Complete the following sentences as required. (根据情景要求，完成句子。) Two people are discussing news about a massive wildfire caused by climate change. Alice: Have you seen the international news? The wildfire in Australia is out of control. Ben: Yes, the images are heartbreaking. The sky turned completely orange. Alice: It looks like a movie scene. 1 ? (针对起因提问) Ben: The fire was caused by a lightning strike hitting dry grass, but strong winds spread it quickly. Alice: That is terrible. Nature can be so destructive. 2 ? (针对损失/数量提问) Ben: Over one thousand homes have been destroyed so far. Many people have lost everything they own. Alice: And the poor animals! I heard millions of them died. 3 ? (一般疑问句)                        Ben: Yes, climate change is making it worse. Hotter and drier weather creates the perfect conditions for fires to burn longer. Alice: We really need to protect our planet. 4 ? (方式提问) Ben: Firefighters are fighting the blaze by using water bombers (灭火飞机) and digging trenches to stop the fire from moving forward. Alice: They are true heroes. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Ben: We can help by donating money to charities for injured koalas. Every little bit helps. 【答案】1．What was the fire caused by/How was the fire started 2．How many homes have been destroyed 3．Is climate change making it worse 4．How are firefighters fighting the blaze/fire 5．How can we help 【导语】本文主要是关于爱丽丝和本两人，讨论气候变化引发的澳大利亚大规模野火的对话，围绕野火的起因、损失、气候变化的影响、消防员的灭火方式以及人们可提供的帮助展开交流。 1．爱丽丝提到澳大利亚野火失控，看起来像电影场景，结合本的回答“这场火灾是由闪电击中干草引起的，但强风使火势迅速蔓延”，可知爱丽丝的提问是针对野火的起因，故用疑问句“What was the fire caused by/How was the fire started”衔接下文。 2．爱丽丝感叹自然的破坏性，结合本的回答“到目前为止，已有超过一千所房屋被摧毁，许多人失去了他们所拥有的一切”，可知爱丽丝的提问是针对野火造成的损失（房屋数量），故用疑问句“How many homes have been destroyed”衔接下文。 3．爱丽丝提到数百万动物死亡，结合本的肯定回答“是的，气候变化正在让情况变得更糟”，可知爱丽丝的提问是关于“气候变化是否让情况更糟”的一般疑问句，故用疑问句“Is climate change making it worse”衔接下文。 4．爱丽丝说需要保护地球，结合本的回答“消防员正在使用灭火飞机和挖掘战壕来阻止火势蔓延，以此来灭火”，可知爱丽丝的提问是针对消防员的灭火方式，故用疑问句“How are firefighters fighting the blaze/fire”衔接下文。 5．爱丽丝称赞消防员是真正的英雄，结合本的回答“我们可以通过向慈善机构捐款帮助受伤的考拉来提供帮助，每一点帮助都很有用”，可知爱丽丝的提问是针对“我们能如何提供帮助”，故用疑问句“How can we help”衔接下文。 五、单词拼写 1．The ________ (dead) of the little dog made the girl very sad. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：小狗的死让女孩很伤心。根据“The...of the little dog”可知，此处使用名词，death“死亡”，名词，the death of...“……的死亡”。 2．He cut his finger by accident and it ________ (bleed) heavily. 【答案】bled 【详解】句意：他不小心割破了手指，血流得很厉害。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。bleed的过去式为bled。 3．—How long can the ________ (battery) keep these smart phones working? —For about ten hours. 【答案】batteries 【详解】句意：——这些电池能让这些智能手机工作多长时间？——大约十小时。battery意为“电池”，是可数名词。句末these smart phones说明对应的电池不可能只有一块，需用复数形式batteries。 4．She wanted to know if we should ________ (stay) in bed when an earthquake happens. 【答案】stay 【详解】句意：她想知道，当地震发生时，我们是否应该待在床上。情态动词should+动词原形表示“应该做某事”，故填stay。 5．I really wonder if we ________ (have) more natural disasters than before. 【答案】will have 【详解】句意：我真的想知道我们是否比以前有更多的自然灾害。主句“I really wonder”是一般现在时，宾语从句表达对将来情况的疑问，需用一般将来时，其结构为“will + 动词原形”，因此填will have。 6．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 【答案】has increased 【详解】句意：安先生告诉我们，近年来由于气候变化，自然灾害的数量有所增加。主句“Mr. An told us”是一般过去时，宾语从句中“these years”（这些年）体现从过去持续到现在的时间背景，需用现在完成时；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 7．I don’t know if he ________ (come) to the party tomorrow. 【答案】will come 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来参加聚会。主句“I don’t know”是一般现在时，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，从句中有明确的将来时间标志词“tomorrow（明天）”，说明“来聚会”是还未发生的将来动作，需要用一般将来时，结构为“will +动词原形”，故填will come。 8．The flood ________ (wash) away the small bridge last month. 【答案】washed 【详解】句意：上个月的洪水冲走了那座小桥。wash“清洗”，动词，结合句意，此处应该是表示“冲走”，“wash away”意为“冲走”，本句的时间状语“last month”表示时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词wash应填其过去式washed。 9．The flag ________ (rise) when I went into the playground at 8: 00. 【答案】was rising 【详解】句意：当我8点走进操场时，国旗正在升起。此句为when引导的时间状语从句，表示过去一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，主句延续性动词需要用过去进行时。主语“The flag”为单数形式，应填was rising。 10．He ________ (calm) down quickly after the storm. 【答案】calmed 【详解】句意：暴风雨过后，他很快平静下来。根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，因此使用一般过去时，动词calm的过去式为calmed。 11．We must keep ________ (safe) during the disaster. 【答案】safe 【详解】句意：灾难期间我们必须保持安全。safe“安全的”，形容词，keep作系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语，safe是形容词。 12．The small village was ________ destroyed by the powerful earthquake that happened last week. (terrible) 【答案】terribly 【详解】句意：上周发生的强烈地震严重摧毁了这个小村庄。destroy是动词，需要用副词来修饰，表示摧毁的程度，terrible是形容词，其副词形式是terribly。 13．People were advised to turn off all ________ devices to prevent accidents during the severe thunderstorm. (electron) 【答案】electronic 【详解】句意：人们被建议在严重雷暴期间关闭所有电子设备以防止事故发生。devices是名词，前面需要用形容词来修饰，electron的形容词形式是electronic，表示“电子的”。 14．The government issued an ________ warning for residents to evacuate immediately due to the approaching wildfire. (urge) 【答案】urgent 【详解】句意：由于野火即将来临，政府紧急警告居民立即撤离。句中“warning”为名词，需用形容词修饰，动词urge的形容词形式为urgent，表示“紧急的”，故填urgent。 15．After the earthquake, the local community organised to collect donations ________ to help the victims. (rapid) 【答案】rapidly 【详解】句意：地震发生后，当地社区组织迅速筹集捐款，以帮助受灾群众。rapid是形容词，此处使用其副词形式rapidly“迅速地”，修饰动词collect，表示“迅速筹集捐款”。 六、语法选择 Preparing for natural disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can happen suddenly, so knowing how 1 for them is important. It’s hard to predict 2 a disaster will strike your area, but being ready helps you avoid danger. Last year, a small town in Sichuan had a flood. Local people said 3 scary it was when the water rose quickly. But those who 4 the disaster tips stayed safe. For example, Mr. Li moved his family to higher ground as soon as he 5 the warning. If you live in an area with frequent storms, remember 6 all windows before the storm comes. You should also learn 7 to use a fire extinguisher, just in case. Many schools teach students about disaster safety, and students say 8 these lessons help them feel more confident. 9 important it is to stay calm during a disaster! Panic can make things worse. No matter 10 the disaster is, following safety rules can save lives. 1．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 2．A．what B．how C．whether 3．A．how B．what C．what a 4．A．follow B．followed C．will follow 5．A．hears B．heard C．is hearing 6．A．to close B．closing C．close 7．A．how B．what C．that 8．A．if B．that C．why 9．A．What B．How C．What an 10．A．what B．when C．where 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，强调了为自然灾害提前做准备的重要性。 1．句意：像地震和洪水这样的自然灾害可能会突然发生，因此了解如何做好应对准备非常重要。 prepare准备，动词原形；to prepare准备，动词不定式；preparing准备，动名词。空格前为疑问词“how”，故此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”的固定结构，整体相当于一个名词短语，在句中作宾语。故选B。 2．句意：虽然很难预测灾难是否会降临到你的所在地区，但做好准备能帮助你避免危险。 what什么；how怎么样；whether是否。动词“predict”（预测）后接宾语从句，表示不确定性，需用“whether”（是否）引导。故选C。 3．句意：当地居民说，洪水迅速上涨的时候场面非常可怕。 how引导的感叹句后接形容词或副词；what后接不可数名词或复数名词短语；what a后接单数名词短语。此空格考查感叹句结构，修饰形容词“scary”（可怕的），需用“how”表示“多么”。故选A。 4．句意：但那些遵循了救灾建议的人却安然无恙。 follow遵循，动词原形；followed遵循，动词过去式；will follow遵循，一般将来时。根据语境可知，此处是描述过去事件（去年的洪水），定语从句需用过去时，动词follow应用过去式。故选B。 5．句意：比如，李先生一听到警报就带着家人转移到了地势较高的地方。 hears听见，动词第三人称单数形式；heard听见，动词过去式；is hearing听见，现在进行时。“as soon as”（一……就）引导时间状语从句，主句“moved”为过去时，从句也需用过去时，动词hear应用过去式。故选B。 6．句意：如果你居住在经常遭受暴风雨侵袭的地区，请记得在暴风雨来临前将所有窗户关上。 to close关闭，动词不定式；closing关闭，动名词；close关闭，动词原形。remember后接动词不定式to do表示“记得要去做某事”（未发生）。选项A“to close”（关窗）正确，强调动作未完成。故选A。 7．句意：此外，你还应该学习如何使用灭火器，以防万一。 how怎么样；what什么；that引导从句时无实际意义。该空格考查“learn how to do something”（学习如何做某事）的固定搭配，故应用疑问词how，故选A。 8．句意：许多学校都会向学生传授灾害安全知识，学生们表示这些课程让他们更有信心了。 if是否，引导宾语从句时，表示不确定的概念；that引导从句时无实际意义；why为什么。根据句子结构，动词“say”后接宾语从句，此处应用“that”引导陈述句内容。故选B。 9．句意：在灾难发生时保持冷静是多么重要啊！ What后接不可数名词或名词复数形式；How后接形容词或副词；What an后接可数名词单数形式。空格处所在句子是感叹句，结构为“…important it is…”，修饰形容词用“How”，故选B。 10．句意：无论灾难是什么，遵循安全规则都能拯救生命。 what什么；when什么时候；where哪里。短语“no matter what”是固定搭配，表示“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句，故选A。 七、短文填空 Last week, a really strong typhoon came to my neighbourhood. It made everything go wrong. A few days before,the weather report said there would be a lot of rain and floods. People in my area didn’t waste any time. They quickly moved their 1 (importance) things to higher places in their homes. Some even put sandbags in front of their doors to stop the water. 2 the flood came, it happened very fast. The water 3 (cover) the streets. It got so high that cars and bikes were floating (漂浮), just like toys in a bathtub. The water 4 (slow) went into houses that were low to the ground. Some people had to climb onto their 5 (roof) and wait for help. Our neighbourhood, which is usually busy and clean, looked like 6 big lake. It was hard to believe my eyes. This flood showed me 7 powerful nature can be. A few months ago, we didn’t have enough water because 8 a drought. Now, we had too much water, and it caused so many problems. After the flood, the government sent 9 (we) food and clean water. Neighbours worked together to clean up the mess. They used brooms to sweep away the mud and dirt. I hope that in the future, we can find much 10 (good) ways to protect our homes from these bad storms. If we work together and plan ahead, we can keep our neighbourhoods safe. 【答案】 1．important 2．When 3．covered 4．slowly 5．roofs 6．a 7．how 8．of 9．us 10．better 【导语】本文讲述了作者所在社区遭遇台风洪水的经历，描述了洪水的破坏力、社区的变化，以及灾后政府和居民的应对，最后表达了对未来更好防护灾害的期望。 1．句意：他们迅速把重要的物品搬到家里较高的地方。此处修饰名词“things”，需将名词“importance”变为形容词“important”。 2．句意：当洪水来临时，它来得非常快。此处引导时间状语从句，表“当……时”，填“When”。 3．句意：水淹没了街道。结合上下文的过去时态，此处用“cover”的过去式“covered”。 4．句意：水缓慢地涌入地势较低的房屋。此处修饰动词“went”，需将形容词“slow”变为副词“slowly”。 5．句意：有些人不得不爬到屋顶等待救援。根据“their”（他们的），此处用名词复数“roofs”。 6．句意：我们通常繁忙整洁的社区看起来像一个大湖。“big”以辅音音素开头，此处表示“一个”，填“a”。 7．句意：这场洪水让我看到了大自然的力量有多么强大。“how”后接形容词，填“how”。 8．句意：几个月前，我们因为干旱而缺水。“because of”是固定搭配（因为），填“of”。 9．句意：洪水过后，政府给我们送来了食物和干净的水。此处作动词“sent”的宾语，用宾格“us”。 10．句意：我希望未来我们能找到更好的方法来保护家园免受这些恶劣风暴的侵袭。根据“much”（修饰比较级），“good”的比较级是“better”。 八、任务型阅读 The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666. In four days, it destroyed more than half of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire began in a baker’s house. Then a strong wind blew the fire into a small hotel next door. Quickly, it spread into Thames Street. But that was just the beginning. By eight o’clock, three hundred houses were on fire. The third day was the worst day. The fire destroyed many famous buildings. Many people threw their things and themselves into the Thames River. However, some people still stayed in their houses until the last moment because they didn’t want to lose their property (财产). And many birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 1．When did the Great Fire of London start? 2．Did the fire destroy many famous buildings? 3．Why did many birds fall out of the air? 4．What was the most important factor (因素) in stopping the Great Fire of London? 5．If you were a Londoner during the Great Fire, what would you do to protect yourself and your property? 【答案】1．In the very early hours of September 2, 1666. 2．Yes, it did. 3．Because of the heat from the fire. 4．The King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. 5．I would first try to take my most important and valuable property and quickly move to a safe place far away from the area. If there was no time to collect property, I would run to a safe place at once. 【导语】本文主要记述了1666年伦敦大火的起因、经过以及最终被扑灭的过程，描述了这场灾难对城市和居民造成的巨大破坏。 1．原文第一段明确提到：“The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666.” 该句直接交代了大火发生的具体日期和时间。 2．文中第二段明确指出：“The fire destroyed many famous buildings.” 这直接证明了大火确实摧毁了许多著名建筑。 3．原文第二段末尾提到：“…many birds fell out of the air because of the heat.” 该句直接解释了由于大火产生的高温导致了鸟类的坠落。 4．原文第三段指出：“The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire.” 这说明阻止火势蔓延的关键因素在于国王下令拆除建筑以切断火源。 5．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。解析应简要引用文中相关事实作为理由依据进行评述。例如可以参考文中提到的逃往泰晤士河或及时搬离易燃的木质房屋等行为。 ( 1 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5 Natural disasters 课时1 A Viewing and listening & B Speaking分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 ( 核心词汇 exhibition n. 展览 volcanic adj. 火山的 eruption n. 爆发；喷发 hurricane n. 飓风 cyclone n. 旋风；气旋 drought n. 旱灾；干旱 heatwave n. 热浪 flood n. 洪水；水灾 injury n. 伤害；损伤（复现） damage n. 损失；损害 abbreviation n. 缩写；缩写形式 typhoon n. 台风（复现） battery n. 电池 power n. 电力；电源 wind n. 风 shelter n. 避难所 tap n. 水龙头 device n. 设备；装置 flooding n. 洪水；泛滥 snake n. 蛇 filler n. 填充词 核心短语 natural disaster 自然灾害（复现） exhibition board 展览板 cause and effect 因果 cause damage 造成损失 take place 发生 weather report 天气预报 power off 断电；停电 wind picks up 风力增强 lock doors and windows 锁好门窗 had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事 low-lying area 低洼地区 higher ground 高地 outdoor activity 户外活动 tap water 自来水 watch out for 小心；留意 ) 一、根据音标写单词 1．It’s ________ /ˈnesəsəri/ to wear a long coat on such a cold day. 2．Due to the ongoing disaster, the school decided to ________ /'kænsl/ the upcoming sports meeting. 3．The rescue work was hard and dangerous. ________ /'eniweɪ/, all rescuers kept going without rest. 4．The disaster’s long-term _______ /ɪˈfekt/ includes a shortage of clean water and medical supplies. 5．After her ________ /deθ/, their lives changed forever. 二、翻译 6．________ v.幸存 7．________ adj.相像的；相仿的；类似的 8．foam n. _________ 9．_________ adj.迅速的；快速的；快捷的 10．rapidly adv. _________ 11．________ prep.向；朝着；接近 12．_________ pron.没有什么；无关紧要的事情 13．_________ conj.是否（表示选择或可能性） 14．_________ n.旅馆；旅社 15．________ n.警卫；看守 16．urge v. _________ 三、单项选择 17．What is the function (作用) of fillers in talking? A．To make sentences longer. B．To give speakers time to pause and think. C．To make pronunciation louder. D．To change the meaning of sentences. 18．Which part of the following sentence should we read with a falling tone (降调)? Make sure you have enough food, fresh water and batteries in case the power goes off. A．enough food B．fresh water C．batteries D．in case the power goes off 19．What should be put into a first-aid kit according to the passage? A．A torch, a radio, some bandages, some face masks and some medicine. B．Some snacks and drinks. C．Fashion clothes and masks. D．Old maps and books. 20．Which of the following words is NOT a common filler? A．anyway B．hmm C．typhoon D．well 21．According to the pronunciation rules, we use a rising tone (升调) when we ________. A．finish the whole sentence B．list examples in a sentence C．say the ending of a speech D．give final orders 四、补全对话 Complete the following sentences as required. (根据情景要求，完成句子。) A farmer is talking to a reporter about a severe drought. Reporter: I’m standing here at Green Valley Farm. The ground is dry and cracked. I’m with Mr. Ryan. Sir, this looks very serious. Farmer: It is the worst season I have ever seen. We are in big trouble. Reporter: I haven’t seen rain in the city for weeks. 1 ? (针对持续时间提问) Farmer: It hasn’t rained for over six months here. The rivers are drying up, and the groundwater level is dropping every day. Reporter: That is a long time. 2 ? (针对农作物影响提问) Farmer: The crops are dying before they can grow. The wheat is turning yellow, and the corn is too small to harvest. Reporter: This doesn’t just affect farmers. 3 ? (针对城市影响提问) Farmer: For people in the city, food prices will go up significantly. When supply is low, vegetables and bread become much more expensive. Reporter: So it affects everyone’s wallet. 4 ? (一般疑问句) Farmer: No, it’s not just about the lack of rain. The high temperatures are also evaporating the water we have left. It’s a double blow. Reporter: We can’t control the weather, but we can adapt. 5 ? (根据下文提问)                   Farmer: We are trying to solve this by using drip irrigation. It delivers water directly to the plant roots so we don’t waste a single drop. Complete the following sentences as required. (根据情景要求，完成句子。) Two people are discussing news about a massive wildfire caused by climate change. Alice: Have you seen the international news? The wildfire in Australia is out of control. Ben: Yes, the images are heartbreaking. The sky turned completely orange. Alice: It looks like a movie scene. 1 ? (针对起因提问) Ben: The fire was caused by a lightning strike hitting dry grass, but strong winds spread it quickly. Alice: That is terrible. Nature can be so destructive. 2 ? (针对损失/数量提问) Ben: Over one thousand homes have been destroyed so far. Many people have lost everything they own. Alice: And the poor animals! I heard millions of them died. 3 ? (一般疑问句)                        Ben: Yes, climate change is making it worse. Hotter and drier weather creates the perfect conditions for fires to burn longer. Alice: We really need to protect our planet. 4 ? (方式提问) Ben: Firefighters are fighting the blaze by using water bombers (灭火飞机) and digging trenches to stop the fire from moving forward. Alice: They are true heroes. 5 ? (根据下文提问) Ben: We can help by donating money to charities for injured koalas. Every little bit helps. 五、单词拼写 1．The ________ (dead) of the little dog made the girl very sad. 2．He cut his finger by accident and it ________ (bleed) heavily. 3．—How long can the ________ (battery) keep these smart phones working? —For about ten hours. 4．She wanted to know if we should ________ (stay) in bed when an earthquake happens. 5．I really wonder if we ________ (have) more natural disasters than before. 6．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 7．I don’t know if he ________ (come) to the party tomorrow. 8．The flood ________ (wash) away the small bridge last month. 9．The flag ________ (rise) when I went into the playground at 8: 00. 10．He ________ (calm) down quickly after the storm. 11．We must keep ________ (safe) during the disaster. 12．The small village was ________ destroyed by the powerful earthquake that happened last week. (terrible) 13．People were advised to turn off all ________ devices to prevent accidents during the severe thunderstorm. (electron) 14．The government issued an ________ warning for residents to evacuate immediately due to the approaching wildfire. (urge) 15．After the earthquake, the local community organised to collect donations ________ to help the victims. (rapid) 六、语法选择 Preparing for natural disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can happen suddenly, so knowing how 1 for them is important. It’s hard to predict 2 a disaster will strike your area, but being ready helps you avoid danger. Last year, a small town in Sichuan had a flood. Local people said 3 scary it was when the water rose quickly. But those who 4 the disaster tips stayed safe. For example, Mr. Li moved his family to higher ground as soon as he 5 the warning. If you live in an area with frequent storms, remember 6 all windows before the storm comes. You should also learn 7 to use a fire extinguisher, just in case. Many schools teach students about disaster safety, and students say 8 these lessons help them feel more confident. 9 important it is to stay calm during a disaster! Panic can make things worse. No matter 10 the disaster is, following safety rules can save lives. 1．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 2．A．what B．how C．whether 3．A．how B．what C．what a 4．A．follow B．followed C．will follow 5．A．hears B．heard C．is hearing 6．A．to close B．closing C．close 7．A．how B．what C．that 8．A．if B．that C．why 9．A．What B．How C．What an 10．A．what B．when C．where 七、短文填空 Last week, a really strong typhoon came to my neighbourhood. It made everything go wrong. A few days before,the weather report said there would be a lot of rain and floods. People in my area didn’t waste any time. They quickly moved their 1 (importance) things to higher places in their homes. Some even put sandbags in front of their doors to stop the water. 2 the flood came, it happened very fast. The water 3 (cover) the streets. It got so high that cars and bikes were floating (漂浮), just like toys in a bathtub. The water 4 (slow) went into houses that were low to the ground. Some people had to climb onto their 5 (roof) and wait for help. Our neighbourhood, which is usually busy and clean, looked like 6 big lake. It was hard to believe my eyes. This flood showed me 7 powerful nature can be. A few months ago, we didn’t have enough water because 8 a drought. Now, we had too much water, and it caused so many problems. After the flood, the government sent 9 (we) food and clean water. Neighbours worked together to clean up the mess. They used brooms to sweep away the mud and dirt. I hope that in the future, we can find much 10 (good) ways to protect our homes from these bad storms. If we work together and plan ahead, we can keep our neighbourhoods safe. 八、任务型阅读 The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2, 1666. In four days, it destroyed more than half of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives. The fire began in a baker’s house. Then a strong wind blew the fire into a small hotel next door. Quickly, it spread into Thames Street. But that was just the beginning. By eight o’clock, three hundred houses were on fire. The third day was the worst day. The fire destroyed many famous buildings. Many people threw their things and themselves into the Thames River. However, some people still stayed in their houses until the last moment because they didn’t want to lose their property (财产). And many birds fell out of the air because of the heat. The fire stopped when the King ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 1．When did the Great Fire of London start? 2．Did the fire destroy many famous buildings? 3．Why did many birds fall out of the air? 4．What was the most important factor (因素) in stopping the Great Fire of London? 5．If you were a Londoner during the Great Fire, what would you do to protect yourself and your property? ( 1 / 12 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $