阅读理解应用文（全国通用）--三年高考英语真题一遍过

阅读理解应用文（原卷版） Part one 三年高考英语真题复现 2023年 Passage 1 （2023年新高考I卷） 1. Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. Passage 2 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. Passage 3 （2023年浙江卷1月） Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 21．On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? A．June 12. B．June 22. C．July 19. D．July 26. 22．How are campers divided into different groups? A．By gender. B．By nationality. C．By interest. D．By age. 23．How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42. Passage 4 【2023年全国甲卷】 Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 23. What is special about Gaggan? A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. Passage5 【2023年全国乙卷】 PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education. 3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. Passage 2 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 3. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. Passage 3 【2024全国甲卷】 Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages. C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction. 2. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 3. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. Passage 4 【2024浙江1月卷】 Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 2. What can we learn about the two actors? A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 3. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbonsThe hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — BatteriesBatteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — ElectricitySome trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogenfuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammoniaLiquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%. 22．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A．Planes. B．Trucks. C．Trains. D．Ships. 23．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A．Limiting fuel consumption. B．Putting more effort into renewables. C．Improving energy efficiency. D．Making electricity more affordable. Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September. Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey, Cornwall Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious. 21．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A．In the Ludlow Castle. B．In the Foodie Center of England. C．In the Hereford Cathedral. D．In the Black and White House Museum. 22．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A．It’s situated near a big island. B．It’s almost surrounded by water. C．It’s known for its flower festival. D．It’s easily accessible from London. 23．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? A．Try the Cornish pie. B．Watch a British TV show. C．Go fishing in the sea. D．Take pictures of the harbor. Passage 3 【2025浙江1月卷】 Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries—the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21．Who can use the ILL service? A．Former students. B．Guest borrowers. C．Retired teachers. D．Fee-card holders. 22．What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A．Pay an extra fee for delivery. B．Renew it before the due date. C．Pick it up at the lending library. D．Return it when it is recalled. 23．How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A．$15. B．$20. C．$24. D．$30. 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读理解应用文 Part one 三年高考英语真题复现 2023年 Passage 1 （2023年新高考I卷） 1. Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 一、文章体裁 应用文（广告宣传类）。 本文为阿姆斯特丹 MacBike 自行车租赁公司的宣传广告，主要介绍品牌优势、租车价格以及城市骑行导游服务，信息直观、条理清晰，是高考典型的实用类阅读文本。 二、文章大意 本文是 MacBike 租车公司的宣传介绍，点明骑行是游览阿姆斯特丹性价比高、环保又有趣的出行方式；介绍该公司经营历史久、规模大、车型丰富、门店位置优越等优势；清晰罗列不同车型、不同时长的租赁收费标准；最后讲解城市骑行导游路线、出发地点、发车时间及购票方式，吸引游客选择骑行游览城市。 三、篇章结构 全文采用分点罗列式结构，板块分明，逻辑清晰： 第一段：引入推荐 介绍骑行游览阿姆斯特丹的优势，引出 MacBike 品牌。 第二段：品牌优势 讲述公司经营年限、规模、门店分布与多样的车型选择。 第三段：价格明细 以表格形式，分类展示两种车型不同时长的租赁费用。 第四段：导游服务 介绍城市骑行观光路线、发车地点、时间与购票渠道。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解题（品牌优势辨析） 2 题：数字计算题（租赁价格核算） 3 题：细节理解题（地点信息查找） 五、题目详解 【答案】1 B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 Passage 2 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 一、文章体裁 应用文（活动介绍类）。 本文为黄石国家公园夏季官方活动介绍，罗列多款公园护林员主题项目，分述各活动时间、内容与集合地点，信息模块化，是高考高频实用类阅读文体。 二、文章大意 本文介绍黄石国家公园夏季四项特色活动：野生动物观赏科普活动、青少年野外能力趣味活动、峡谷景观人文与自然历史讲解、摄影技能实操工坊。分别说明每项活动的开展时段、核心内容、参与价值及具体集合地点，方便游客按需选择参与。 三、篇章结构 全文采用总分结构，分项逐一介绍，条理清晰： 第一段：总起引入 总述黄石公园全年设有护林员特色项目，引出夏季系列活动。 第二段：活动一介绍 野生动物观赏体验活动：时间、内容、集合地点。 第三段：活动二介绍 青少年野外动物趣味竞赛活动：时间、参与形式、集合地点。 第四段：活动三介绍 艺术家点位峡谷讲解活动：景观特色、讲解主题、集合位置。 第五段：活动四介绍 分场次摄影工坊：活动作用、两场不同主题与对应集合地点。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解题（时间信息对比筛选） 2 题：细节理解题（活动主题内容定位） 3 题：细节理解题（地点信息精准查找） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 Passage 3 （2023年浙江卷1月） Explorers Camp •Full day camp for kids aged 5-13. •Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12 Week 2 | July 15-19 Week 3 | July 22-26 •Register for a single week or multiple weeks. •Fees: $365 per week. •The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp Structure The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. Camp Content Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. Camp Staff Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 depending on the age group. Instructors are passionate educators who are experts in their fields and have undergone training and a background check. 21．On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund? A．June 12. B．June 22. C．July 19. D．July 26. 22．How are campers divided into different groups? A．By gender. B．By nationality. C．By interest. D．By age. 23．How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? A．15. B．21. C．30. D．42. 一、文章体裁 应用文（营地招生介绍类）。 本文为青少年探索夏令营招生说明，以条目化、板块化形式介绍营地招生对象、时间费用、日程安排、活动内容与师资配置，信息简明直观，属于高考经典实用类阅读。 二、文章大意 本文详细介绍 5-13 岁儿童探索夏令营的相关信息，包含营期时间、报名缴费、退款规则；每日分上下午主题课时安排与物资要求；课程涵盖艺术、历史、科学等趣味探索类活动，贴合不同年龄段学习特点；同时说明师生配比与师资资质，保障营地活动安全与质量。 三、篇章结构 全文总分式 + 板块罗列，层次清晰： 第一部分：基础信息 介绍营地适龄人群、营期时段、报名规则、费用及全额退款截止时间。 第二部分：营地日程 说明每日分龄分班模式、上下课时长、午休加餐与自备饮食要求。 第三部分：课程内容 介绍课程主题、学习模式，活动适配不同年龄段儿童。 第四部分：营地师资 介绍师生配比、教员专业资质与背景审核标准。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节理解题（退款时间信息筛选） 22 题：细节理解题（分组依据判断） 23 题：数字计算题（单周总课时核算） 5、 题目详解 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 21． 细节理解题。根据“•The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. (取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日)”可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选A。 22． 细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group.(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议)”可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据“•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。 Passage 4 【2023年全国甲卷】 Where to Eat in Bangkok Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure. Nahm Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. Bo.lan Bo.lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu. Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best. 21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A. They adopt modern cooking methods. B. They have branches in London. C. They have top-class chefs. D. They are based in hotels. 22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu? A. Gaggan. B. Bo.lan. C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm. 23. What is special about Gaggan? A. It hires staff from India. B. It puts on a play every day. C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes. D. It shows the cooking process to guests. 一、文章体裁 应用文（美食推荐类）。 本文属于旅游美食介绍类应用文，分类介绍曼谷四家特色高端餐厅，分别讲述每家餐厅的特色、主厨、菜品风格与环境优势，信息板块清晰，语言简洁客观。 二、文章大意 曼谷是美食爱好者的理想目的地，餐饮选择丰富多样。文章依次推荐四家知名特色餐厅：Nahm 主打精致泰餐，位列全球顶级餐厅榜单；Issaya Siamese Club 融合传统泰式菜品与现代烹饪技法；Bo.lan 坚守泰餐本源并创新，适合聚餐与正餐，还提供豪华套餐；Gaggan 稳居亚洲顶级餐厅榜首，开放式厨房可直观欣赏烹饪全过程。 三、篇章结构 全文总 — 分结构，条理分明： 第一段：总起引入 总述曼谷美食资源丰富，引出四家特色餐厅推荐。 第二段：餐厅 Nahm 介绍高端泰餐定位、全球排名、明星主厨与门店背景。 第三段：餐厅 Issaya Siamese Club 介绍知名主厨、复古环境与新旧结合的烹饪理念。 第四段：餐厅 Bo.lan 讲述菜品特色、用餐氛围及多人豪华套餐服务。 第五段：餐厅 Gaggan 介绍亚洲排名、特色环境与开放式厨房的独特体验。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节理解题（两家餐厅共同点比对） 22 题：细节理解题（特色服务信息定位查找） 23 题：细节理解题（餐厅独特优势辨析） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森(David Thompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。 Passage5 【2023年全国乙卷】 PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A. She wrote a book. B. She went through trials. C. She worked as a dentist. D. She had formal education. 3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物介绍类）。本文属于人物传记类说明文，分别介绍四位不同时代、不同国家的女性从医者，讲述她们的求学经历、行医遭遇与行业贡献，以人物事例展开，客观纪实。 二、文章大意 文章介绍了四位杰出女性医者的人生经历：中世纪的 Jacqueline 行医并实施手术，却因非法行医受审被禁止从业；James Barry 女扮男装求学行医，以男性身份完成整个职业生涯；明代女医谈允贤师承祖辈、通过考核，专为女性看病并著书留存行医经验；Rebecca Lee Crumpler 多年担任护士后学医，成为首位非裔美国女性医学博士，为解放奴隶提供医疗帮助。 三、篇章结构 并列式人物介绍结构，四段分别介绍一位人物： 第一段：Jacqueline —— 中世纪女性医者，医术精湛却遭不公禁令。 第二段：James Barry —— 女扮男装学医从军，长期以男性身份行医。 第三段：谈允贤 —— 中国古代女医，自主行医并撰写医学著作。 第四段：Rebecca —— 首位非裔美国女性医学博士，服务底层弱势群体。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解题（人物共同点对比） 2 题：细节理解题（人物独特行为差异辨析） 3 题：细节理解题（关键身份信息定位） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 一、文章体裁 应用文（志愿者招募类）。 本文为栖息地修复志愿团队招募公告，板块清晰介绍志愿工作内容、团体报名要求、参与条件、物资准备及近期活动安排，是高考典型实用类阅读文本。 二、文章大意 本文介绍马林地区栖息地修复志愿项目，核心工作为清除入侵植物、冬季种植、种子收集，助力修复自然区域、保护濒危物种；说明五人及以上团体需提前预约报备；明确志愿者年龄要求、所需填写表单、着装与随身物品准备事项，无需相关经验，统一提供工具与培训；最后罗列三场近期志愿活动的时间与集合地点。 三、篇章结构 全文板块化并列结构，逻辑清晰： 第一段：项目介绍 说明志愿团队工作内容与核心宗旨：修复栖息地、保护生态与濒危物种。 第二段：团体要求 说明多人团队的报名流程与预约要求。 第三段：参与须知 规定年龄限制、表单签署、着装穿搭、随身物品、培训与物资保障。 第四段：活动安排 以表格形式列出三场即将开展活动的时间、集合地点。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节理解题（项目宗旨目的） 22 题：细节理解题（年龄限制信息查找） 23 题：细节理解题（志愿者义务与要求判断） 五、题目详解 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 Passage 2 【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 3. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 一、文章体裁 应用文（活动介绍类）。本文为卡洛秋季徒步节活动推介文，分类介绍四条不同主题徒步路线，分别说明领队特色、活动内容、时间地点、时长及参与要求，信息模块化，属于高考高频应用文阅读。 二、文章大意 本文介绍卡洛秋季徒步节的四条徒步线路，兼顾新手与资深徒步爱好者。四条路线各有特色：自然科普徒步、山地徒步入门教学、星空夜间徒步、森林摄影徒步；同时标明各路线具体时间、出发点、时长，并对夜间徒步提出着装、装备硬性要求，整体活动均安排在周末，满足不同人群休闲与体验需求。 三、篇章结构 总分并列结构，条理清晰： 第一段：总起引入 总述徒步节适合不同水平爱好者，涵盖山林、林间多种徒步选择。 第二段：路线一 自然主题徒步：专业环保人士带队，时长最长，侧重自然知识科普。 第三段：路线二 山地徒步入门：教授登山技巧，适合新手积累户外经验。 第四段：路线三 夜间月光徒步：需自备手电、着装合规，夜间观景体验独特。 第五段：路线四 森林摄影徒步：讲解野外摄影基础，路程轻松、耗时最短。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解题（时长对比筛选） 2 题：细节理解题（活动硬性要求查找） 3 题：细节理解题（共性信息归纳判断） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 【1题详解】 细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。 Passage 3 【2024全国甲卷】 Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages. C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction. 2. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 3. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 一、文章体裁 应用文（节日活动介绍类）。本文介绍哈佛大学 ARTS FIRST 艺术节，以板块形式罗列多项艺术体验活动，介绍各项目内容、指导人员与参与形式，信息清晰，是高考常见实用类文本。 二、文章大意 ARTS FIRST 是哈佛一年一度的艺术盛会，面向全年龄段校内及社区公众开放，通过演出、艺术展览、手工创作活动展示校园艺术创造力。文中依次介绍四项体验活动：水彩绘画学习、无脊椎动物主题手工创作、陶轮制陶体验、绒球制作与编织教学，满足不同艺术兴趣爱好者的参与需求。 三、篇章结构 总 — 分并列结构，逻辑清楚： 第一段：总述介绍 总体介绍艺术节性质、面向人群、活动形式与举办意义。 第二段：活动一 水彩绘画体验，了解颜料特性与绘画技巧。 第三段：活动二 跟随讲解员认识无脊椎动物，并动手制作相关手工作品。 第四段：活动三 观看拉坯示范，亲手创作陶艺作品。第五段：活动四 学习绒球、流苏制作与基础编织。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解 + 主旨判断题（艺术节整体特征） 2 题：细节理解题（绘画类活动定位） 3 题：细节理解题（人物对应活动内容） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。 Passage 4 【2024浙江1月卷】 Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival. “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre. This year Nathan Turner of Burlington is Tom Sawyer, and Robbie McMath of Fort Mitchell is Huck Finn. Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Governor’s School for the Arts in Musical Theatre. Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre. 1. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough. C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath. 2. What can we learn about the two actors? A. They study in the same school. B. They worked together in ”Ragtime“. C. They are experienced on stage. D. They became friends ten years ago. 3. What does Children’s Theatre provide for teachers? A. Research funding. B. Training opportunities. C. Technical support. D. Educational resources. 一、文章体裁 应用文（戏剧演出介绍类）。本文为话剧《汤姆・索亚历险记》演出简介，介绍剧目改编、主创人员、主演背景，并附上面向教师的配套教学资源，语言通俗、信息明确。 二、文章大意 本文介绍一部改编自马克・吐温经典作品的短篇音乐剧《汤姆・索亚：河畔冒险》，涵盖经典剧情片段、改编与作曲作者；介绍两位主演的校园身份、舞台表演经历与演艺积累；最后告知教师可通过官网下载配套学习指导与课程素材，借助本剧开展跨学科教学。 三、篇章结构 总分结构，段落功能明确： 第一段：剧目引入 介绍音乐剧回归演出，点明作品出处与风格。 第二段：主创信息 说明剧本改编者、作曲人及创作团队背景。 第三段：主演介绍 列出汤姆与哈克两位扮演者。 第四段：演员一履历 介绍 Tom 扮演者的舞台演出经验。 第五段：演员二履历 介绍 Huck 扮演者的参演经历与艺术学习背景。 第六段：配套服务 面向教师提供学习指南与可下载教学资料。 四、考查题型 1 题：细节理解题（作曲人信息定位） 2 题：细节理解题（演员共同特点归纳） 3 题：细节理解题（配套服务内容查找） 五、题目详解 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts, is a familiar presence on Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act or of Children’s Theatre, having played leading roles in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Wizard of Oz,” and is fresh from Jersey Production “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sewyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through “Tom Sawyer.” For downloadable lessons, visit the official website of Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbonsThe hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — BatteriesBatteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — ElectricitySome trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogenfuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammoniaLiquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21．What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A．11.6%. B．45.1%. C．74.5%. D．86.1%. 22．Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A．Planes. B．Trucks. C．Trains. D．Ships. 23．What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A．Limiting fuel consumption. B．Putting more effort into renewables. C．Improving energy efficiency. D．Making electricity more affordable. 一、文章体裁 说明文（环保科普类）。本文围绕交通领域低碳转型展开，介绍不同交通工具的碳排放现状、各品类适配的绿色能源方案，以及全球能源变革的趋势与发展要求，属于高考科普类说明文。 二、文章大意 交通运输是全球温室气体排放的重要来源，减排难度较大。各类交通工具对燃料有不同要求，文章分别介绍飞机、汽车、火车、卡车、轮船对应的绿色替代能源方案。专家指出全球能源转型规模巨大，未来电力需求将大幅增长，必须加快可再生能源研发与应用，才能实现交通全面绿色化。 三、篇章结构 全文总分总结构，逻辑严谨： 第一段：背景引入 点明交通行业碳排放占比高，引出交通减排的时代背景。 第二段：总述过渡 指出交通燃料的多重要求，引出各类交通工具的绿色解决方案。 第三段：分类介绍 分别列举飞机、汽车、火车、卡车、轮船的低碳能源路径。 第四段：展望总结 引用专家观点，强调加速发展可再生能源，助力全球能源转型。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节推断 / 数据理解题（交通排放占比） 22 题：细节理解题（各交通方式减排难易对比） 23 题：细节理解题（专家观点与建议） 五、题目详解 【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 21．细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。 Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 English Market Towns to Visit in the UK English market towns come in many shapes and sizes. Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries. But each town has more to do than shop. Hereford, Herefordshire Hereford has remained a lively market town since 1189. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlow, Shropshire Ludlow is known as the Foodie Center of England. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold. The three-day Ludlow Food Festival is held each September. Shrewsbury, Shropshire Getting to Shrewsbury Town Center from London is challenging but worth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flowers are everywhere-hanging baskets, window boxes, and planters-just what you imagine in an attractive English market town. Mevagissey, Cornwall Even if you haven’t been to the small fishing village Mevagissey, you’ve probably seen it in a movie or British TV show. The working harbor (港口) took shape in 1774. Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets. Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious. 21．Where can you find an original copy of the Magna Carta? A．In the Ludlow Castle. B．In the Foodie Center of England. C．In the Hereford Cathedral. D．In the Black and White House Museum. 22．What is a feature of Shrewsbury Town Center? A．It’s situated near a big island. B．It’s almost surrounded by water. C．It’s known for its flower festival. D．It’s easily accessible from London. 23．What does the author suggest visitors do in Mevagissey? A．Try the Cornish pie. B．Watch a British TV show. C．Go fishing in the sea. D．Take pictures of the harbor. 一、文章体裁 应用文（旅游介绍类）。本文为英国特色集镇推介短文，并列介绍四座风情各异的英伦集镇，分别讲述历史特色、地标建筑、地方特色与游玩亮点，信息直观，结构规整，是高考经典实用类阅读。 二、文章大意 英国各类集镇各具特色，拥有悠久商贸历史与独特人文风情。文章依次介绍四座小镇：赫里福德历史悠久，大教堂藏有《大宪章》珍稀古本；拉德洛被誉为英格兰美食中心，拥有古堡与年度美食节；什鲁斯伯里被河流环绕，水运便利、满城繁花，风景优美；梅瓦吉西是经典滨海渔村，港口业态鲜活，推荐品尝当地特色康沃尔馅饼。 三、篇章结构 总分并列结构，条理清晰： 第一段：总起总述 总述英国集镇历史底蕴浓厚，除购物外还有丰富游览价值。 第二段：赫里福德 介绍建城历史、特色商铺、博物馆与大教堂珍贵馆藏。 第三段：拉德洛 主打美食特色，介绍街区业态、古堡景点与美食节活动。 第四段：什鲁斯伯里 讲解独特河流地貌、水运优势与鲜花遍布的城镇风貌。 第五段：梅瓦吉西 介绍渔村影视出镜度、渔港日常与必尝特色美食。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节理解题（具体文物地点定位） 22 题：细节理解题（城镇地理特征辨析） 23 题：细节理解题（作者游玩建议筛选） 五、题目详解 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 21．细节理解题。根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据Mevagissey, Cornwall部分中“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Comish pie. It’s delicious. (离开港口前一定要尝尝传统的康沃尔馅饼。它很美味)”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A项。 Passage 3 【2025浙江1月卷】 Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries—the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21．Who can use the ILL service? A．Former students. B．Guest borrowers. C．Retired teachers. D．Fee-card holders. 22．What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A．Pay an extra fee for delivery. B．Renew it before the due date. C．Pick it up at the lending library. D．Return it when it is recalled. 23．How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A．$15. B．$20. C．$24. D．$30. 一、文章体裁 应用文（图书馆服务说明类）。本文为馆际互借服务介绍，清晰说明适用人群、借阅时效、借期规则、取件通知方式及收费标准，条目化信息明确，属于高考高频实用类阅读文本。 二、文章大意 本文介绍馆际互借（ILL）服务，可为在校师生、退休教师调取本馆缺藏或已借出的图书，以及文献数字化资料。文章限定了服务使用人群，说明文献获取时长、借阅期限与不可续借规则；告知纸质资料自取、电子资料邮件链接获取的领取方式；最后分类列出不同类型合作图书馆的图书与文章借阅收费标准。 三、篇章结构 总分并列结构，板块划分清晰： 第一段：服务简介 整体介绍馆际互借的服务内容与作用。 第二段：适用对象 明确可使用及不可使用该服务的人群范围。 第三段：获取时效 说明文章、普通图书及稀缺文献的等待时长与填写要求。 第四段：借阅规则 借期由出借馆规定，物品可被召回，纸质资料禁止续借。 第五段：领取方式 纸质书籍邮件通知、定点自取；电子文献邮件链接在线查看。 第六段：收费标准 以表格展示非营利、营利、国际图书馆的分项费用。 四、考查题型 21 题：细节理解题（服务人群筛选） 22 题：细节理解题（纸质图书借阅规则判断） 23 题：数字计算题（国际图书馆文章费用核算） 五、题目详解 【答案】21．C 22．D 23．D 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL.(在校学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过ILL请求借阅资料。)”可知，退休老师可以使用图书馆间借阅服务。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段“Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.(借阅的物品可能会被借出的图书馆召回。)”可知，通过ILL借阅纸质书的规则是被借出的图书馆召回。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据表格中“International Libraries Article/Chapter Cost $15(国际图书馆 文章/章节费用 15美元)”可知，从国际图书馆获取两篇文章的费用是15×2=30美元。故选D。 Part two 总结规律 精准备考 高考英语应用文阅读理解解题技巧 一、应用文文章特点 （一）核心本质 实用至上、目的明确 + 信息直观、言简意赅（核心是“传递具体信息、解决实际问题”，无多余抒情或议论） （二）常见体裁及对象 高频体裁（按考频排序）：书信（邀请信、感谢信、求助信、建议信、投诉信）、通知/公告、广告（产品、活动、招聘）、说明书（产品使用、活动流程）、图表（表格、柱状图、折线图）、新闻简讯、便条、海报、日程安排、须知类（考场须知、活动须知）。 核心对象：具体事件、活动信息、服务内容、人物关联、数据对比、流程步骤。 （三）核心线索 以“信息点”为核心，按“时间、事件、逻辑”串联，无复杂推理脉络，重点突出“who（谁）、what（做什么/是什么）、when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）、how（方式/要求）”。 （四）主题侧重 传递具体信息（如活动时间、招聘要求、产品功能）、告知注意事项、发出邀请/倡议、说明流程步骤、展示数据对比，核心是“让读者快速获取关键信息”。 （五）结构特点 1. 格式固定：不同体裁有固定框架（如书信有称呼、正文、落款；通知有标题、称呼、正文、落款、日期）； 2. 层次清晰：多采用“总分式、并列式”，每段围绕一个核心信息点展开，无复杂嵌套； 3. 重点突出：关键信息（时间、地点、数字、要求）常以大写、加粗、破折号、项目符号等形式强调（原文标注明显）。 （六）目标要求 快速定位关键信息 + 准确理解信息含义 + 匹配题干需求 + 规避信息陷阱（如时间、地点、范围混淆）。 （七）与说明/议论文的共性与差异 1. 共性：语言严谨（无情感化冗余表达）、答案定位明确、紧扣原文信息、不主观脑补； 2. 差异： ① 无复杂长难句，多为简单句、短句，专业词汇少（即使有，上下文可快速理解）； ② 无需分析逻辑推理、作者态度（极少考查），重点是“找信息、对信息”； ③ 结构更零散，信息点分散，需快速筛选有效信息，排除无关内容。 二、通用解题步骤（适配所有应用文，高效省时） 1. 先题后文，圈画“定位词”：题干中的时间（year、date、time）、地点（place、address）、人物（name、position）、数字（number、price、age）、核心事件（activity、requirement、purpose），优先圈“唯一可定位”的词（如大写专有名词、数字）； 2. 略读全文，把握“体裁+核心话题”：重点看标题、开头、结尾（书信看称呼和落款，通知看开头“Notice”和结尾落款，广告看标题和核心宣传点），快速判断文章是“通知、广告、书信”还是“图表”，明确核心话题（如“校园活动通知”“招聘广告”）； 3. 带着题干，精准“扫读定位”：无需逐句精读，根据题干定位词，在原文中快速扫描对应信息（重点看标注明显的部分：大写、数字、符号），找到与题干匹配的句子/段落； 4. 比对信息，锁定答案：将原文信息与选项逐一比对，重点核对“时间、地点、人物、数字、要求”是否一致，无需过度解读； 5. 核对细节，规避陷阱：重点检查选项是否存在“信息偷换、范围扩大、时间颠倒”，确保选项与原文信息完全匹配（应用文错题多源于细节失误）。 三、四大题型解题技巧（适配应用文，侧重“找信息、对细节”） 1. 细节理解题（占比90%+，核心题型） 技巧：精准扫读 + 细节比对（无需推理，找到即对应，是应用文最易得分的题型） 圈关键词：优先圈“唯一标识词”（大写地名、人名、机构名、数字、时间），其次圈核心事件（如“apply for the job”“attend the activity”“use the product”）； 回原文：根据定位词快速扫读，重点关注“标注部分、转折词（but/however）后的信息”（转折后常是题干考点，如“活动时间变更”“招聘要求补充”）； 说明文、议论文细节题侧重“逻辑比对”，应用文侧重“信息匹配”，重点核对以下细节： ✅ 正确答案特征：与原文信息完全一致（多为原文原词或简单同义替换，无复杂改写）；细节无偏差（时间、地点、数字、要求完全匹配）； ❌ 错误答案特征： 偷换细节（如时间颠倒：原文“June 10”→选项“July 10”；地点偷换：原文“School Hall”→选项“Library”）； 扩大/缩小范围（如原文“students in Grade 11”→选项“all students”；原文“9:00-11:00”→选项“9:00-12:00”）； 无中生有（原文未提及的要求、福利、时间，如广告未提“包食宿”，选项说“provide accommodation”）； 细节遗漏（如招聘要求“2 years of experience and a master’s degree”，选项只提“2 years of experience”）。 2. 推理判断题（考频极低，侧重“简单信息推断”） 原则：忠于原文信息，不主观脑补，不过度推理（应用文推理题难度远低于说明/议论文，无需逻辑延伸，仅需“基于原文信息的简单判断”） 常见题干标志：infer/imply/suggest/conclude（题干多围绕“目的、态度、后续行动”）； 解题重点： 书信类：推断作者的“目的”（如邀请信→“invite sb. to attend an activity”；投诉信→“complain about a problem and ask for a solution”）； 通知/广告类：推断“活动目的、目标人群”（如校园通知→“target students in the school”；招聘广告→“want to hire suitable employees”）； 图表类：推断“数据趋势、结论”（如折线图上升→“the number is increasing”）； ✅ 正确答案特征：基于原文信息，可直接推出，无额外脑补（如原文“the activity is free for students”，可推出“students don’t need to pay for the activity”）； ❌ 错误答案特征：过度推断（如原文“the activity is popular”，选项说“the activity is the most popular in the school”）；与原文信息矛盾；无中生有（原文未提及的推断）。 3. 词义猜测题（考频低，侧重“语境理解”） 技巧：与说明/议论文相通，但更简单，优先看“上下文语境、同义/反义提示、解释说明”，无需纠结词汇本身，重点看其在文中的具体含义（多为常用词的语境义）； 常用方法： 1. 解释说明：破折号、括号、that is、in other words后的内容，直接解释词义（如“apply for the position—a full-time job”，可推断“position”此处指“job”）； 2. 上下文同义：前后句出现同义词汇，可直接推断（如“Please register before May 20. Those who sign up after the deadline will not be accepted.”，可推断“register”与“sign up”同义，意为“报名”）； 3. 指代题（it/this/that/they）：95%往前找最近的名词/短语（多为具体信息，如“the activity”“the product”“the deadline”），无需复杂逻辑指代； 补充：应用文生词极少，即使遇到，多为专有名词（如机构名、地名），无需猜测，直接对应题干即可（如题干问“what is ABC Company?”，原文找到对应描述即可，无需纠结“ABC”含义）。 4. 主旨大意 / 标题题（考频较低，侧重“概括核心信息”） 核心原则：抓住“体裁+核心话题+关键信息”，无需概括全文细节，重点突出“是什么、做什么”； （1）书信类主旨/标题：核心是“作者身份+写信目的+核心事件”（如“A Letter to Invite Classmates to Attend the Graduation Party”）； （2）通知/公告类：核心是“活动名称+时间+地点/要求”（如“Notice of the School English Speech Contest”）； （3）广告类：核心是“宣传对象+核心优势/目的”（如“An Advertisement for a Summer Camp for Teenagers”）； （4）图表类：核心是“图表主题+数据范围”（如“Sales of Mobile Phones in the Past Three Years”）； ✅ 标题要求：简洁明了、准确概括，不夸大、不片面，包含“核心话题”； ❌ 排除：只讲某一个细节（如通知只讲“活动时间”，未提“活动内容”）；超出话题范围（如广告是“校园招聘”，选项说“社会招聘”）；无核心话题（如“An Important Notice”，未说明通知内容）。 四、高频 “功能/目的词” 必背（侧重应用文，精准定位题干） 1. 书信/邀请类：invite（邀请）、thank（感谢）、ask for（求助）、suggest（建议）、complain（投诉）、apologize（道歉）、inform（告知）、apply for（申请）； 2. 通知/公告类：notice（通知）、announce（宣布）、require（要求）、arrange（安排）、hold（举办）、attend（参加）、deadline（截止日期）、register（报名）； 3. 广告/招聘类：hire（招聘）、recruit（招募）、provide（提供）、offer（提供）、apply（申请）、qualification（资格）、experience（经验）、benefit（福利）； 4. 说明/流程类：instruct（指导）、use（使用）、follow（遵循）、step（步骤）、requirement（要求）、attention（注意事项）； 5. 图表/数据类：increase（增加）、decrease（减少）、reach（达到）、account for（占比）、compare（对比）、average（平均）。 五、应用文阅读 “坑点” 避雷（重点区分于说明/议论文） 1. 细节混淆（高频坑）：时间、地点、数字、人物、要求颠倒或偷换（如原文“上午9点”→选项“下午9点”，原文“男生可报名”→选项“女生可报名”），做题时必须逐字比对； 2. 忽略“标注信息”：应用文常以大写、加粗、破折号、项目符号突出关键信息（如截止日期、报名要求），这些往往是题干考点，容易被忽略； 3. 过度推理（多余操作）：把“细节信息”当“推理内容”，或脑补原文未提及的信息（如原文只说“活动免费”，就不要推断“活动很受欢迎”）； 4. 误解“格式细节”：书信的称呼、落款（如“Dear Sir”对应“Yours sincerely”）、通知的落款和日期，偶尔会作为考点，需简单了解常见应用文格式； 5. 被“无关信息”干扰：应用文信息点零散，部分段落是无关内容（如广告中的“公司简介”，题干未涉及，无需精读），避免浪费时间； 6. 同义替换不敏感：应用文同义替换多为简单替换（如“sign up”→“register”，“hold”→“organize”），容易因不熟悉简单替换而错过答案； 7. 图表题“看错数据”：图表类题目，容易看错“横坐标、纵坐标、单位”（如把“月份”看成“年份”，把“百分比”看成“具体数字”），做题时先看图表标题和标注。 六、备考策略（适配应用文，针对性突破，快速提分） 1. 刷题方向 只刷：近3-5年高考真题中的应用文（单独分类刷，按体裁刷：先刷通知/广告，再刷书信，最后刷图表）； 每周3–5篇，重点练“定位速度”和“细节比对”，同一篇文章刷两遍：第一遍练“7分钟快速解题”，第二遍分析“错题错因”（重点是细节混淆类错题）； 额外练习：专项练“图表题”（容易失分），重点练“数据定位、趋势判断”，熟悉图表类文章的信息呈现方式。 2. 积累 “应用文高频词块”（核心是“定位词+功能词”） 书信/邀请类：write a letter to（给……写信）、invite sb. to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）、ask sb. for help（向某人求助）、in response to（回应）、look forward to（期待）； 通知/公告类：be required to do sth.（被要求做某事）、sign up for（报名参加）、before the deadline（截止日期前）、take part in（参加）、be arranged to（被安排在）； 广告/招聘类：be qualified for（有资格……）、have experience in（在……有经验）、provide sth. for sb.（为某人提供某物）、apply for the position（申请该职位）、working hours（工作时间）； 图表/数据类：increase by（增加了）、decrease to（减少到）、compared with（与……相比）、the number of（……的数量）、account for 30%（占30%）。 3. 细节突破（重中之重，应用文提分关键） 每天练2篇应用文，重点训练“快速定位”能力： 第一步：题干圈画3-5个定位词（优先数字、大写）； 第二步：1分钟略读全文，判断体裁和核心话题； 第三步：3-4分钟扫读原文，找到定位词对应的信息； 第四步：1-2分钟比对选项，核对细节，锁定答案； 提示：应用文无需精读长难句（几乎没有），重点是“快、准、细”，避免在无关内容上浪费时间。 4. 错题整理模板（必做，适配应用文） 原题题干 → 题干定位词 → 原文对应信息（抄关键句/标注位置） → 正确选项与原文的匹配点 → 错误选项错因（如：时间偷换、地点混淆、细节遗漏、无中生有）； 额外补充：标注文章体裁，重点积累“同义替换词块”（如“register”=“sign up”），坚持1-2周，细节比对能力会明显提升，错题率大幅降低。 5. 考场时间控制 1篇应用文：5–7分钟（比说明/议论文省时，核心是“快速定位、不纠结”）； 先易后难：细节题→词义猜测题→主旨题→推理题（应用文推理题可最后做，难度低，不耗时）； 技巧：遇到图表题，先看图表标题和标注，再看题干，最后回图表找数据，避免盲目看图表浪费时间；遇到不认识的专有名词，直接定位，无需纠结含义。 七、万能答题口诀（适配应用文，好记好用） 先看题干圈定位，略读全文辨体裁。 扫读原文找细节，逐字比对不马虎。 数字时间重点看，标注信息不遗漏。 推理无需深脑补，原文有据才可选。 主旨标题抓核心，细节无关全排除。 坑点避雷看细节，稳拿分数不丢分。 八、高考英语应用文阅读高频同义替换词表 1、功能与目的（核心） 1. invite → ask, invite sb. to, call on sb. to 2. apply → sign up, put in an application for 3. require → demand, ask for, need 4. inform → tell, notify, make known to 5. hold → organize, host, carry out 6. attend → take part in, join in, participate in 7. provide → offer, supply, furnish 8. complain → express dissatisfaction, make a complaint about 9. suggest → advise, put forward a suggestion 10. finish → complete, accomplish, come to an end 2、时间与地点 1. before → prior to, ahead of 2. after → following, subsequent to 3. at → in (接大地点), on (接具体日期/时间点) 4. deadline → time limit, closing date 5. place → location, venue, address 6. immediately → at once, right away, without delay 7. recently → lately, in recent days 8. finally → eventually, in the end 9. during → in the course of, throughout 10. tomorrow → the next day, the following day 3、数字与数量 1. increase → rise, go up, grow 2. decrease → fall, drop, go down 3. about → around, approximately, roughly 4. more than → over, above 5. less than → under, below 6. total → whole, entire, overall 7. half → a half, fifty percent 8. most → majority, nearly all 9. some → a few, several, a number of 10. account for → make up, take up 4、要求与资格 1. qualified → eligible, competent, fit 2. experience → working experience, practical experience 3. skill → ability, capability, expertise 4. must → have to, be required to, need to 5. can → be able to, be capable of 6. allowed → permitted, authorized 7. forbidden → not allowed, prohibited 8. necessary → essential, required, needed 9. important → significant, vital (应用文极少考查，偶尔出现) 10. suitable → appropriate, fit, proper 5、高频 “答案词”（快速锁定正确选项） 时间类：before, after, by, on, at, deadline, recently 动作类：attend, apply, register, hold, provide, inform 数量类：increase, decrease, about, over, under, account for 要求类：must, required, qualified, necessary, suitable 九、错误选项特征速记表（适配应用文，补充专属坑点） 1、一眼排除：细节明显错误（应用文专属） 选项里出现与原文“时间、地点、数字、人物”明显不符的内容，直接排除； 口诀：细节对不上，直接划掉它。 2、原文没提：无中生有（同其他文体，高频） 文章完全没出现的要求、福利、时间、地点；看似符合常识，但文中无依据；利用生活经验“脑补”的内容； 识别：原文找不到对应定位词，直接排除（应用文信息直观，无隐含信息）。 3、张冠李戴：对象/细节偷换（高频坑点） 把A的要求安到B身上（如招聘“会计”的要求，安到“文员”身上）；把时间/地点/数字颠倒（如原文“3天”→选项“3周”）； 识别：逐字比对定位词对应的原文信息，重点看“时间、地点、人物、要求”。 4、以偏概全：只讲局部细节（主旨题高频） 选项只提及文章某一个细节（如通知只讲“活动时间”，未提“活动内容和地点”），无法概括全文； 识别：主旨题、标题题重点看“是否包含核心话题+关键信息”，局部细节不选。 5、扩大范围：说得太大（同其他文体，侧重“要求/对象范围”） 文章讲“高一学生可报名”，选项说“所有学生可报名”；文章讲“每天9点开放”，选项说“随时开放”； 识别：看选项是否有“all、any、always”等词，结合原文范围比对，太大太空直接排除。 6、细节遗漏：信息不完整（应用文专属高频） 选项只提及部分要求/信息，遗漏关键细节（如招聘要求“本科+2年经验”，选项只提“本科”）； 识别：细节题重点看“选项是否包含题干要求的所有信息”，遗漏即错误。 7、过度推断：脑补无关内容（应用文专属坑） 选项基于原文细节，进行无依据的延伸（如原文“活动免费”，选项说“活动很受欢迎”）； 识别：应用文推理题，选项若有“most、best、popular、must”等词，且原文无依据，直接排除。 8、误解格式：混淆体裁细节（低频，易忽略） 混淆书信的称呼与落款（如“Dear Teacher”对应“Yours faithfully”，选项写成“Yours truly”）；混淆通知的落款顺序（如“学校+日期”，选项写成“日期+学校”）； 识别：遇到考查格式的题目，结合常见应用文格式判断，无需过度纠结。 9、图表题专属坑：数据看错（高频） 看错横坐标、纵坐标、单位（如把“月份”看成“年份”，把“百分比”看成“具体数字”）；混淆“增加了”与“增加到”； 识别：做图表题，先看图表标题、标注和单位，再找数据，避免粗心失误。 10、同义替换不匹配（高频） 选项中的同义替换与原文不符（如原文“sign up”，选项写成“sign in”；原文“hold”，选项写成“attend”）； 识别：积累高频同义替换词块，做题时重点比对“核心动词、名词”。 十、考场快速排除口诀（适配应用文） 细节错了先排除，无中生有不要选。 张冠李戴看细节，以偏概全不全面。 扩大范围太笼统，细节遗漏不完整。 过度推断无依据，图表数据看仔细。 同义替换要匹配，格式细节不混淆。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $