Unit 10 World in the Cloud（语法&写作）精讲-2025-2026学年英语八年级下册同步单元复习（新仁爱科普版）

专题12 Unit 10 World in the Cloud （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 前缀 tele- 和 e- 知识点讲解 tele-是一个表示距离远的前缀， 加在名词前构成名词或动词， 表示“电话的、电视的、远程的”相关的含义 词缀 典例 tele- (n.) 电话 (n.) 电视 (n.) 望远镜 (n.) 远程购物 (n.) 远程工作 (n.) 远程工作者 (n.&v.) 远程控制; 遥控 (n.) 远程电影 (n.) 电报; 电报机 (n.) 电报 (n.) 远程课程 (n.&v.) 远程广播 (n.) 远程会议 (n.) 远程医疗 (n.) 远程通信 (v.) 远程办公 e-加在名词前，构成名词， 表示“电子的”相关的含义 词缀 典例 e- (n.) 电; 电流 (n.) 电子的 (n.) 电子邮件 需要加上连字符- e- (n.) 电子新闻 e- (n.) 电子书 e- (n.) 电子学习 e- (n.) 电子商务 e- (n.) 电子票 e- (n.) 电子银行 e- (n.) 网友 e- (n.) 电子图书馆 e- (n.) 电子货币 e- (n.) 电子市场 e- (n.) 电子政务 e- (n.) 电子钱包 随堂训练 一．单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The word "television" comes from "tele" meaning ______ and "vision" meaning sight. A. near B. far C. electronic D. small 2. We use ______ to send messages electronically through the internet. A. telephone B. telegram C. e-mail D. telescope 3. In the sentence "Online tours are popular.", the word "popular" is a(n) ______. A. subject B. verb C. object D. predicative（表语） 4. "E-commerce" means ______. A. buying and selling things online B. sending letters by post C. watching TV programs D. making phone calls 二．根据句意补全句子 1.远程购物是通过电话或者电视购物。 ______________ is shopping on a telephone or television. 2.远程工作者在家通过电脑工作。 A ______________ works on a computer at home. 3.电子邮件就是通过网络方式发送的邮件。 _________ _________ is a mail by way of the Internet. 4.电子书是专为在电脑屏幕上阅读而设计的数字图书。 ______________ are ______________ books designed for reading on ______________ ______________. 5.随着电子商务的发展，电子货币越来越受欢迎。 With the ______________ of ______________,______________ is becoming _________ _________ _________ _________. 6.多亏了互联网，远程购物和远程医疗已经成为可能。 _________ _________ the Internet, ______________ ______________ ______________ are becoming possible. 7.在智能手机上看电子书或电子新闻对你的眼睛有害。 Reading ______________ or ______________ on your smartphone can ______________ your eyes. 8.暴风雨期间我们停电了，只能用蜡烛照明。 We lost ______________ during the storm and had to use candles for light. 9.电子银行让客户可以随时随地查询账户余额和转账。 ______________ allows customers to check their ______________ ______________ and transfer money anytime, anywhere. 10.我们可以遥控无人机从空中拍摄该区域的照片。 We can ______________ the drone to take photos of the area from above. 三．根据解释写出单词 根据英文解释，写出对应的单词，单词需包含前缀 tele- 或 e-。 1. a device that allows you to see faraway objects in space → ________ 2. a book that you can read on a computer or tablet → ________ 3. a system for sending messages electronically through the internet → ________ 4. a device that lets you talk to someone far away → ________ 5. buying and selling goods online → ________ 基础句子结构知识点讲解 英语句子由不同的成分构成，最基本的句子结构有以下五种。了解这些结构可以帮助我们正确地理解和构造英语句子。 1. 主语 + 谓语（S + V） 这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不需要跟宾语。动词本身就能表达完整的意思。 例句： The sun rises. → 太阳升起。（主语 the sun，谓语 rises） We arrived. → 我们到了。（主语 we，谓语 arrived） The internet works. → 互联网工作正常。（主语 the internet，谓语 works） Everyone laughed. → 大家都笑了。（主语 everyone，谓语 laughed） 2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S + V + O） 这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面需要跟宾语。宾语是动作的承受者。 例句： I love the internet. → 我爱互联网。（主语 I，谓语 love，宾语 the internet） She reads online articles. → 她阅读在线文章。（主语 she，谓语 reads，宾语 online articles） We took an online tour. → 我们进行了一次在线旅行。（主语 we，谓语 took，宾语 an online tour） He uses e-mail every day. → 他每天使用电子邮件。（主语 he，谓语 uses，宾语 e-mail） 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P） 这种结构中的谓语动词是系动词，如 be（是）、feel（感觉）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）等。表语用来说明主语的状态或特征。 例句： The internet is useful. → 互联网很有用。（主语 the internet，系动词 is，表语 useful） Online tours are interesting. → 在线旅行很有趣。（主语 online tours，系动词 are，表语 interesting） It feels real. → 感觉很真实。（主语 it，系动词 feels，表语 real） The website looks great. → 这个网站看起来很棒。（主语 the website，系动词 looks，表语 great） 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO） 这种结构中的谓语动词是双宾动词，如 give（给）、show（展示）、tell（告诉）、teach（教）等。后面跟两个宾语：间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。 例句： The internet gives us information. → 互联网给我们信息。（主语 the internet，谓语 gives，间接宾语 us，直接宾语 information） She showed me the website. → 她给我看了那个网站。（主语 she，谓语 showed，间接宾语 me，直接宾语 the website） Online tours teach students history. → 在线旅行教学生历史。（主语 online tours，谓语 teach，间接宾语 students，直接宾语 history） My friend sent me an e-card. → 我的朋友寄给我一张电子贺卡。（主语 my friend，谓语 sent，间接宾语 me，直接宾语 an e-card） 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S + V + O + OC） 这种结构中的谓语动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态或动作，使句子的意思更完整。 例句： The internet makes learning easy. → 互联网让学习变得容易。（主语 the internet，谓语 makes，宾语 learning，宾语补足语 easy） We find online tours helpful. → 我们发现在线旅行很有帮助。（主语 we，谓语 find，宾语 online tours，宾语补足语 helpful） They call it a virtual trip. → 他们称之为虚拟旅行。（主语 they，谓语 call，宾语 it，宾语补足语 a virtual trip） The news made me happy. → 这个消息让我很开心。（主语 the news，谓语 made，宾语 me，宾语补足语 happy） 句子成分总结 主语是句子谈论的主体，通常是名词或代词，如 I、you、the internet、online tours。 谓语表示主语的动作或状态，通常是动词，如 love、read、is、makes。 宾语是动作的承受者，通常是名词或代词，如 the internet、articles、us、me。 表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态，位于系动词之后，如 useful、interesting、real。 定语修饰名词的成分，如 interesting（articles）、famous（places）。 状语修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分，如 every day、online、at home。 随堂训练 一．句型转换 按要求改写下列句子。 1. The internet is useful. （改为感叹句） ________ useful the internet is! 2. We took an online tour of the Great Wall. （改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ an online tour of the Great Wall? 3. Online tours help us learn about cultures. （对划线部分提问，划线部分为 learn about cultures） ________ do online tours help us ________? 4. My sister reads e-books every evening. （改为否定句） My sister ________ ________ e-books every evening. 5. They find online tours interesting. （改为同义句） They find ________ interesting to take online tours. 二．句子成分分析 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。 1. The internet opens a window to the world.（主语 / 谓语 / 宾语） 2. Online tours are very interesting.（表语 / 定语 / 状语） 3. We can learn about different cultures online.（主语 / 宾语 / 表语） 4. My teacher showed me a great website.（直接宾语 / 间接宾语 / 宾语补足语） 5. They consider online tours educational.（宾语 / 表语 / 宾语补足语） 综合训练 一．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Many students enjoy ________ (read) e-books on their tablets. 2. My father often ________ (work) from home through telecommuting. 3. The internet ________ (make) it possible for us to learn about the world. 4. We can buy tickets online and use our ________ (e-ticket) at the airport. 5. Scientists use a ________ (telescope) to study stars and planets. 二．完成句子 1. 互联网使我们能够了解世界。 The internet ________ us ________ learn about the world. 2. 我喜欢在晚上阅读电子书。 I enjoy ________ ________ in the evening. 3. 在线旅行既有趣又有教育意义。 Online tours are ________ fun ________ educational. 4. 你能告诉我如何使用电子邮件吗？ Can you tell me ________ ________ use e-mail? 5. 远程医疗帮助偏远地区的人们获得医疗服务。 ________ helps people in faraway areas get medical service. 三．选词填空 telephone e-learning makes telescope e-mail 1. Alexander Graham Bell invented the ________ in 1876. 2. Through ________, students can take classes online at home. 3. Scientists use a ________ to study stars and planets. 4. The internet ________ it easy for us to communicate with people around the world. 5. Please send me an ________ with the details of the online tour. 四．语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The Internet: A Super Highway in Light We can think of the internet as a super-fast highway. But instead 1 cars, it carries information. This highway isn’t made of asphalt (沥青)—it 2 as pulses of light (脉冲光) through cables (电缆) under the ground or even under the ocean. How does your message reach a friend far away? It’s like sending a package. First, your device (装置) makes your words or pictures into a “package”. Then, it needs 3 address. That’s what an IP address is—a unique (独一无二的) string of numbers that tells 4 the package should go. Next, a “delivery (快递) person” called a router (路由器) 5 with the delivery. The router reads the address and decides the 6 way to send the package, just like a mail carrier choosing a route. 7 your phone or laptop is connected to Wi-Fi, the package can travel through the air to the router—no cables needed. Wi-Fi is like a magic bridge in your home. It lets your devices talk to the router without cables 8 . So you can sit on the sofa and still send a 9 . But remember, this magic bridge has limits—if you stay too far from the router, the signal will get weak, like a voice fading away. Your message is traveling on a highway of light, with IP addresses as maps and routers as helpful guides, connecting people across the world in 10 . So next time you send a message, think about this amazing journey, smile. 1. A. of B. for C. out 2. A. travel B. traveled C. travels 3. A. a B. an C. the 4. A. who B. where C. which 5. A. helps B. helped C. will help 6. A. good B. better C. best 7. A. If B. But C. Though 8. A. less quickly B. quickly C. most quickly 9. A. message B. messages C. messages’ 10. A. second B. seconds C. second’s 五．语篇填空 阅读短文，根据语境或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Umbrella for Teens’ Online Safety The internet is a big, busy place where teens chat, learn, and share. However, it also hides 1 (risk)—so we need to build an umbrella to keep them safe. For example, 2 using an app, never share your account password with others, even your close friends. If someone 3 (steal) it, they could pretend (假装) to be you and send hurtful messages that hurt others. If someone sends a video that makes you 4 (comfort), don’t respond (回答). Press “report” instead, because reply could bring 5 (many) trouble. One of the worst 6 (danger) is that some teens might face hate comments (评论) online. These comments may make you feel sad or afraid, but remember: those words say more about the sender 7 you. Talk to a parent or teacher, and they’ll help you deal with it. To stay safe, set rules for 8 (you). Don’t click on strange links, think carefully before 9 (post) photos, try spending less time on apps that make you feel unhappy. Schools and families can work together too—teaching teens how to recognize (识别) dangers online and where to get help. The internet should be a place for fun and growth, not fear. With care and smart choices, we can hold up 10 umbrella, keeping teens safe while they explore all the good things online. Let’s do it together. 六、语篇填空 阅读短文，根据语境或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Do you know the ancient Chinese story “Marking the Boat to Find the Lost Sword (剑)” ? It teaches us 1 lesson that still matters today: We must adapt (适应) to changes, instead of sticking to old ways. In the story, a man drops his sword into a river 2 he was on a boat. Instead of diving (跳水) into the water to find it, he makes a mark on the boat where the sword fell, thinking he can find it 3 (late) when the boat stops. But the boat keeps moving, so his mark becomes 4 (use)—he never gets the sword back. This is like 5 we face the rapid growth of the internet. Some people refuse to learn new online tools, just like the man who stuck to his mark. For example, a shop owner who fails to sell products online may lose customers. If he once 6 (miss) a chance to partner with an e-commerce platform (商业平台), his business could get worse. But those who use online tools properly, like farmers working with 7 (partner) to sell fruits on apps, find new chances. The internet 8 (change) every day: new apps appear, and ways of living shift (转变). If we hold onto old habits, we might miss opportunities, just like the man missed 9 (he) sword. The story teaches us that change is normal. To keep up, we need to learn and be ready to adjust (调整). Only by moving with the times, not 10 (stay) in one place, can we succeed in a world that never stops changing. And remember: it’s never too late to learn. 写作精讲 本单元的写作主题是互联网。正如我们所知，互联网已经广泛地运用于我们的工作、学习和生活，如何把这个主题写好呢？本单元的以读促写部分，作者运用“细节分类”的思维技巧，从三个方面（网上学习、了解信息科技、沟通交流)介绍中学生飞阳如何利用互联网来提高学习，让文章既有条理又内容丰富。下面我们具体学习如何运用细节分类的思维技巧来写英语作文。 遣词造句 1. 一方面，互联网在很多方面都很有用。另一方面，并非网上的每个人都是友善的。 _________________________, the internet is useful in many ways. _________________________, not everyone on the internet is friendly. 2. 首先，花太多时间上网对你的健康是有害的。 Firstly, it _________________________ your health _________________________ spend too much time on the internet. 3. 如果这种事情反复发生，把它报告给你的老师或者向你的父母求助。 If it happens again and again, report it to your teachers or _________________________ your parents. 4. 为了找到有用的东西，我们需要仔细查看。 _________________________ find something useful, we need to look carefully. 5. 而且，互联网为飞扬打开了一扇通往新世界的大门。 _________________________, the internet opens the door to a new world for Feiyang. 例文讲解 互联网在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。学校英语报正在开展以“My Online Learning Experiences (我的在线学习经历)”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括：1. 简述互联网对你学习和生活的影响（如：开启了新的学习旅程）； 2.你通常在网上做哪些学习活动（如：上网课、搜索信息、与朋友用英语交流等）； 3. 你对合理使用互联网的看法与感悟（既有优点也有缺点，应该控制屏幕时间，不要向陌生人透露个人信息等）。 注意：1. 词数80词左右；2. 使用恰当的过渡词（如 What's more, Besides 等）和逻辑连接词（如 On the one hand... On the other hand...）；3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 写作指导 1.谋篇布局（三段论）：第一段（开门见山，引出主题）：点明互联网改变了我们的生活，引出自己在线学习的经历。第二段（列举事实，详细叙述）：这是文章的主体部分。使用 first, besides, what's more 等连接词，详细描述自己的网络学习活动。 2.可以结合单元词汇如 take online courses, search for information, communicate with 等。第三段（辩证分析，总结建议）：使用 On the one hand... On the other hand... 总结互联网的优缺点，并使用 It is harmful to... 和祈使句提出合理使用网络的建议（如控制时间、不泄露隐私等）。 3.时态运用： 描述日常的学习习惯、互联网的客观事实和普遍建议时，全文应以一般现在时为主。 随堂训练 （1） 互联网极大地改变了我们的生活和学习方式。请以 "My Online Learning Experience" 为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的网课经历或利用网络学习的体会。 内容包括： 1. 你在网上通常做什么（上课、查资料、学英语等）； 2. 网络学习的优点（方便、资源丰富）； 3. 你的建议（合理安排时间，保护视力）。 注意：词数80左右。 （2） 能连接因特网的智能手机已成为当今社会人们不可或缺的科技发明，它有很多优点，但是也有缺点。请你根据思维导图，以“Using Mobile Phones Wisely”为题，写一篇英语短文，简要概述智能手机的优缺点，并针对缺点提出日常使用时的注意事项。 写作要求： 1. 包含思维导图的所有要点，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Using Mobile Phones Wisely Advantages Disadvantages Call ... Search ... Pay ... Play games ... Be bad for eyes ... ... Using Mobile Phones Wisely Mobile phones are very important in our life. Of course, I can’t list all the problems and ways to solve them here. But if we use mobile phones carefully and wisely, they will help us a lot without causing problems! （3） 互联网已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，作为青少年，我们必须确保它是以服务我们，而非主宰我们为目标。学校正举办题为“Let the Internet Work for Us”的演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示信息，用英语写一篇演讲稿，参加此次演讲比赛。 提示信息： 1. What can the internet do for us? 2. How should we use the internet? 3. What must we pay attention to when using the internet? 写作要求： 1. 文中必须包含以上所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Let the Internet Work for Us Dear teacher and students, How many of you use the internet every day? Look around! That’s most of us! The internet is like a superpower. Thank you! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 Unit 10 World in the Cloud （语法&写作）精讲 语法精讲 前缀 tele- 和 e- 知识点讲解 tele-是一个表示距离远的前缀， 加在名词前构成名词或动词， 表示“电话的、电视的、远程的”相关的含义 词缀 典例 tele- telephone (n.) 电话 television (n.) 电视 telescope (n.) 望远镜 teleshopping (n.) 远程购物 teleworking (n.) 远程工作 teleworker (n.) 远程工作者 telecontrol (n.&v.) 远程控制; 遥控 telefilm (n.) 远程电影 telegram (n.) 电报; 电报机 telegraph (n.) 电报 telecourse (n.) 远程课程 telecast (n.&v.) 远程广播 teleconference (n.) 远程会议 telemedicine (n.) 远程医疗 telecommunication (n.) 远程通信 telecommute (v.) 远程办公 e-加在名词前，构成名词， 表示“电子的”相关的含义 词缀 典例 e- electricity (n.) 电; 电流 electronic (n.) 电子的 email (n.) 电子邮件 需要加上连字符- e-news (n.) 电子新闻 e-books (n.) 电子书 e-learning (n.) 电子学习 e-business (n.) 电子商务 e-ticket (n.) 电子票 e-banking (n.) 电子银行 e-pal (n.) 网友 e-library (n.) 电子图书馆 e-money (n.) 电子货币 e-marketing (n.) 电子市场 e-government (n.) 电子政务 e-wallet (n.) 电子钱包 随堂训练 一．单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The word "television" comes from "tele" meaning ______ and "vision" meaning sight. A. near B. far C. electronic D. small 2. We use ______ to send messages electronically through the internet. A. telephone B. telegram C. e-mail D. telescope 3. In the sentence "Online tours are popular.", the word "popular" is a(n) ______. A. subject B. verb C. object D. predicative（表语） 4. "E-commerce" means ______. A. buying and selling things online B. sending letters by post C. watching TV programs D. making phone calls 【答案】 1. B — tele- 意思是 "far"（远的），television 就是"远程传递画面"的设备。 2. C — e-mail 是通过互联网发送的电子消息，是 electronic mail 的缩写。 3. D — "popular" 位于系动词 are 之后，用来说明主语 online tours 的特征，是表语。 4. A — e-commerce 是电子商务，指通过互联网进行的买卖交易。 二．根据句意补全句子 1.远程购物是通过电话或者电视购物。 ______________ is shopping on a telephone or television. 2.远程工作者在家通过电脑工作。 A ______________ works on a computer at home. 3.电子邮件就是通过网络方式发送的邮件。 _________ _________ is a mail by way of the Internet. 4.电子书是专为在电脑屏幕上阅读而设计的数字图书。 ______________ are ______________ books designed for reading on ______________ ______________. 5.随着电子商务的发展，电子货币越来越受欢迎。 With the ______________ of ______________,______________ is becoming _________ _________ _________ _________. 6.多亏了互联网，远程购物和远程医疗已经成为可能。 _________ _________ the Internet, ______________ ______________ ______________ are becoming possible. 7.在智能手机上看电子书或电子新闻对你的眼睛有害。 Reading ______________ or ______________ on your smartphone can ______________ your eyes. 8.暴风雨期间我们停电了，只能用蜡烛照明。 We lost ______________ during the storm and had to use candles for light. 9.电子银行让客户可以随时随地查询账户余额和转账。 ______________ allows customers to check their ______________ ______________ and transfer money anytime, anywhere. 10.我们可以遥控无人机从空中拍摄该区域的照片。 We can ______________ the drone to take photos of the area from above. 【答案】 1.Teleshopping2.teleworker3.An email4.E-books; digital; computer screens5.development; e-commerce; e-money; more and more popular6.Thanks to; teleshopping and telemedicine7.e-books; e-news; harm8.electricity 9.E-banking; account balance10.telecontrol 三．根据解释写出单词 根据英文解释，写出对应的单词，单词需包含前缀 tele- 或 e-。 1. a device that allows you to see faraway objects in space → ________ 2. a book that you can read on a computer or tablet → ________ 3. a system for sending messages electronically through the internet → ________ 4. a device that lets you talk to someone far away → ________ 5. buying and selling goods online → ________ 1. telescope —tele（远）+ scope（看）→ 看远处的仪器 → 望远镜 2. e-book —electronic book → 电子书 3. e-mail —electronic mail → 电子邮件 4. telephone —tele（远）+ phone（声音）→ 远程传递声音的设备 → 电话 5. e-commerce —electronic commerce → 电子商务 基础句子结构知识点讲解 英语句子由不同的成分构成，最基本的句子结构有以下五种。了解这些结构可以帮助我们正确地理解和构造英语句子。 1. 主语 + 谓语（S + V） 这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不需要跟宾语。动词本身就能表达完整的意思。 例句： The sun rises. → 太阳升起。（主语 the sun，谓语 rises） We arrived. → 我们到了。（主语 we，谓语 arrived） The internet works. → 互联网工作正常。（主语 the internet，谓语 works） Everyone laughed. → 大家都笑了。（主语 everyone，谓语 laughed） 2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S + V + O） 这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面需要跟宾语。宾语是动作的承受者。 例句： I love the internet. → 我爱互联网。（主语 I，谓语 love，宾语 the internet） She reads online articles. → 她阅读在线文章。（主语 she，谓语 reads，宾语 online articles） We took an online tour. → 我们进行了一次在线旅行。（主语 we，谓语 took，宾语 an online tour） He uses e-mail every day. → 他每天使用电子邮件。（主语 he，谓语 uses，宾语 e-mail） 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语（S + V + P） 这种结构中的谓语动词是系动词，如 be（是）、feel（感觉）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）等。表语用来说明主语的状态或特征。 例句： The internet is useful. → 互联网很有用。（主语 the internet，系动词 is，表语 useful） Online tours are interesting. → 在线旅行很有趣。（主语 online tours，系动词 are，表语 interesting） It feels real. → 感觉很真实。（主语 it，系动词 feels，表语 real） The website looks great. → 这个网站看起来很棒。（主语 the website，系动词 looks，表语 great） 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（S + V + IO + DO） 这种结构中的谓语动词是双宾动词，如 give（给）、show（展示）、tell（告诉）、teach（教）等。后面跟两个宾语：间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。 例句： The internet gives us information. → 互联网给我们信息。（主语 the internet，谓语 gives，间接宾语 us，直接宾语 information） She showed me the website. → 她给我看了那个网站。（主语 she，谓语 showed，间接宾语 me，直接宾语 the website） Online tours teach students history. → 在线旅行教学生历史。（主语 online tours，谓语 teach，间接宾语 students，直接宾语 history） My friend sent me an e-card. → 我的朋友寄给我一张电子贺卡。（主语 my friend，谓语 sent，间接宾语 me，直接宾语 an e-card） 5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S + V + O + OC） 这种结构中的谓语动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态或动作，使句子的意思更完整。 例句： The internet makes learning easy. → 互联网让学习变得容易。（主语 the internet，谓语 makes，宾语 learning，宾语补足语 easy） We find online tours helpful. → 我们发现在线旅行很有帮助。（主语 we，谓语 find，宾语 online tours，宾语补足语 helpful） They call it a virtual trip. → 他们称之为虚拟旅行。（主语 they，谓语 call，宾语 it，宾语补足语 a virtual trip） The news made me happy. → 这个消息让我很开心。（主语 the news，谓语 made，宾语 me，宾语补足语 happy） 句子成分总结 主语是句子谈论的主体，通常是名词或代词，如 I、you、the internet、online tours。 谓语表示主语的动作或状态，通常是动词，如 love、read、is、makes。 宾语是动作的承受者，通常是名词或代词，如 the internet、articles、us、me。 表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态，位于系动词之后，如 useful、interesting、real。 定语修饰名词的成分，如 interesting（articles）、famous（places）。 状语修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分，如 every day、online、at home。 随堂训练 一．句型转换 按要求改写下列句子。 1. The internet is useful. （改为感叹句） ________ useful the internet is! 2. We took an online tour of the Great Wall. （改为一般疑问句） ________ you ________ an online tour of the Great Wall? 3. Online tours help us learn about cultures. （对划线部分提问，划线部分为 learn about cultures） ________ do online tours help us ________? 4. My sister reads e-books every evening. （改为否定句） My sister ________ ________ e-books every evening. 5. They find online tours interesting. （改为同义句） They find ________ interesting to take online tours. 【答案】 1. How — How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！这是感叹句的结构。 2. Did, take — 一般过去时的一般疑问句，用 Did 开头，动词用原形 take。 3. What, do — 对事情提问用 what，help sb. do sth. 结构中的 do 保持不变。 4. doesn't read — 第三人称单数主语 My sister，否定句用 doesn't + 动词原形。 5. it — find it + 形容词 + to do sth. 结构，it 是形式宾语。 二．句子成分分析 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分。 1. The internet opens a window to the world.（主语 / 谓语 / 宾语） 2. Online tours are very interesting.（表语 / 定语 / 状语） 3. We can learn about different cultures online.（主语 / 宾语 / 表语） 4. My teacher showed me a great website.（直接宾语 / 间接宾语 / 宾语补足语） 5. They consider online tours educational.（宾语 / 表语 / 宾语补足语） 【答案】 1. 主语 — "The internet" 是句子谈论的主体，执行动作 opens。 2. 表语 — "very interesting" 位于系动词 are 之后，说明主语的特征。 3. 宾语 — "different cultures" 是介词 about 的宾语，构成介词短语。 4. 间接宾语 — "me" 是动作 showed 的接受者，表示"给谁看"。 5. 宾语补足语 — "educational" 补充说明宾语 online tours 的性质。 综合训练 一．用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Many students enjoy ________ (read) e-books on their tablets. 2. My father often ________ (work) from home through telecommuting. 3. The internet ________ (make) it possible for us to learn about the world. 4. We can buy tickets online and use our ________ (e-ticket) at the airport. 5. Scientists use a ________ (telescope) to study stars and planets. 【答案】 1. reading — enjoy doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为"喜欢做某事"。 2. works — 主语 My father 是第三人称单数，一般现在时用 works。 3. makes — 主语 The internet 是第三人称单数，一般现在时用 makes。 4. e-tickets — 根据句意，这里应该用复数形式，表示多张电子票。 5. telescope — 望远镜，用原形即可。 二．完成句子 1. 互联网使我们能够了解世界。 The internet ________ us ________ learn about the world. 2. 我喜欢在晚上阅读电子书。 I enjoy ________ ________ in the evening. 3. 在线旅行既有趣又有教育意义。 Online tours are ________ fun ________ educational. 4. 你能告诉我如何使用电子邮件吗？ Can you tell me ________ ________ use e-mail? 5. 远程医疗帮助偏远地区的人们获得医疗服务。 ________ helps people in faraway areas get medical service. 【答案】 1. enables, to — enable sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为"使某人能够做某事"。 2. reading e-books — enjoy doing sth.，e-book 是电子书。 3. both, and — both...and... 结构，表示"既...又..."。 4. how to — 疑问词 + 不定式结构，作 tell 的宾语。 5. Telemedicine — 远程医疗，首字母大写。 三．选词填空 telephone e-learning makes telescope e-mail 1. Alexander Graham Bell invented the ________ in 1876. 2. Through ________, students can take classes online at home. 3. Scientists use a ________ to study stars and planets. 4. The internet ________ it easy for us to communicate with people around the world. 5. Please send me an ________ with the details of the online tour. 【答案】1. telephone — 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。 2. e-learning — 通过电子学习，学生可以在家在线上课。 3. telescope — 科学家用望远镜研究恒星和行星。 4. makes — 互联网使我们能够轻松地与世界各地的人交流。 5. e-mail — 请给我发送一封包含在线旅行详情的电子邮件。 四．语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The Internet: A Super Highway in Light We can think of the internet as a super-fast highway. But instead 1 cars, it carries information. This highway isn’t made of asphalt (沥青)—it 2 as pulses of light (脉冲光) through cables (电缆) under the ground or even under the ocean. How does your message reach a friend far away? It’s like sending a package. First, your device (装置) makes your words or pictures into a “package”. Then, it needs 3 address. That’s what an IP address is—a unique (独一无二的) string of numbers that tells 4 the package should go. Next, a “delivery (快递) person” called a router (路由器) 5 with the delivery. The router reads the address and decides the 6 way to send the package, just like a mail carrier choosing a route. 7 your phone or laptop is connected to Wi-Fi, the package can travel through the air to the router—no cables needed. Wi-Fi is like a magic bridge in your home. It lets your devices talk to the router without cables 8 . So you can sit on the sofa and still send a 9 . But remember, this magic bridge has limits—if you stay too far from the router, the signal will get weak, like a voice fading away. Your message is traveling on a highway of light, with IP addresses as maps and routers as helpful guides, connecting people across the world in 10 . So next time you send a message, think about this amazing journey, smile. 1. A. of B. for C. out 2. A. travel B. traveled C. travels 3. A. a B. an C. the 4. A. who B. where C. which 5. A. helps B. helped C. will help 6. A. good B. better C. best 7. A. If B. But C. Though 8. A. less quickly B. quickly C. most quickly 9. A. message B. messages C. messages’ 10. A. second B. seconds C. second’s 【答案】 1. A instead of意为“而不是，代替”。 2. C 此句为一般现在时态。3. B 4. B 5. A 一般现在时态，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。6. C 7. A 句意为“如果你的手机或笔记本电脑连接了Wi-Fi……”。8. B 9. A send a message意为“发信息”。10. B 五．语篇填空 阅读短文，根据语境或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Umbrella for Teens’ Online Safety The internet is a big, busy place where teens chat, learn, and share. However, it also hides 1 (risk)—so we need to build an umbrella to keep them safe. For example, 2 using an app, never share your account password with others, even your close friends. If someone 3 (steal) it, they could pretend (假装) to be you and send hurtful messages that hurt others. If someone sends a video that makes you 4 (comfort), don’t respond (回答). Press “report” instead, because reply could bring 5 (many) trouble. One of the worst 6 (danger) is that some teens might face hate comments (评论) online. These comments may make you feel sad or afraid, but remember: those words say more about the sender 7 you. Talk to a parent or teacher, and they’ll help you deal with it. To stay safe, set rules for 8 (you). Don’t click on strange links, think carefully before 9 (post) photos, try spending less time on apps that make you feel unhappy. Schools and families can work together too—teaching teens how to recognize (识别) dangers online and where to get help. The internet should be a place for fun and growth, not fear. With care and smart choices, we can hold up 10 umbrella, keeping teens safe while they explore all the good things online. Let’s do it together. 【答案】 1. risks 2. when 3. steals 4. uncomfortable 5. more 6. dangers 7. than 8. yourself 9. posting 10. the 六、语篇填空 阅读短文，根据语境或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Do you know the ancient Chinese story “Marking the Boat to Find the Lost Sword (剑)” ? It teaches us 1 lesson that still matters today: We must adapt (适应) to changes, instead of sticking to old ways. In the story, a man drops his sword into a river 2 he was on a boat. Instead of diving (跳水) into the water to find it, he makes a mark on the boat where the sword fell, thinking he can find it 3 (late) when the boat stops. But the boat keeps moving, so his mark becomes 4 (use)—he never gets the sword back. This is like 5 we face the rapid growth of the internet. Some people refuse to learn new online tools, just like the man who stuck to his mark. For example, a shop owner who fails to sell products online may lose customers. If he once 6 (miss) a chance to partner with an e-commerce platform (商业平台), his business could get worse. But those who use online tools properly, like farmers working with 7 (partner) to sell fruits on apps, find new chances. The internet 8 (change) every day: new apps appear, and ways of living shift (转变). If we hold onto old habits, we might miss opportunities, just like the man missed 9 (he) sword. The story teaches us that change is normal. To keep up, we need to learn and be ready to adjust (调整). Only by moving with the times, not 10 (stay) in one place, can we succeed in a world that never stops changing. And remember: it’s never too late to learn. 【答案】1. a 2. while/when 3. later 4. useless 5. how 6. missed 7. partners 8. changes 9. his 10. staying 写作精讲 本单元的写作主题是互联网。正如我们所知，互联网已经广泛地运用于我们的工作、学习和生活，如何把这个主题写好呢？本单元的以读促写部分，作者运用“细节分类”的思维技巧，从三个方面（网上学习、了解信息科技、沟通交流)介绍中学生飞阳如何利用互联网来提高学习，让文章既有条理又内容丰富。下面我们具体学习如何运用细节分类的思维技巧来写英语作文。 遣词造句 1. 一方面，互联网在很多方面都很有用。另一方面，并非网上的每个人都是友善的。 _________________________, the internet is useful in many ways. _________________________, not everyone on the internet is friendly. 2. 首先，花太多时间上网对你的健康是有害的。 Firstly, it _________________________ your health _________________________ spend too much time on the internet. 3. 如果这种事情反复发生，把它报告给你的老师或者向你的父母求助。 If it happens again and again, report it to your teachers or _________________________ your parents. 4. 为了找到有用的东西，我们需要仔细查看。 _________________________ find something useful, we need to look carefully. 5. 而且，互联网为飞扬打开了一扇通往新世界的大门。 _________________________, the internet opens the door to a new world for Feiyang. 【答案】 1. On the one hand; On the other hand解析： 考查高级逻辑连接词 On the one hand... On the other hand... (一方面……另一方面……)，用于辩证分析事物的两面性。 2. is harmful to; to解析： 考查句型 It is harmful to sb./sth. to do sth. (做某事对……是有害的)，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 3. turn to解析： 考查核心短语 turn to sb. (向某人求助 / 转向)，此处与前面的 report it to 构成选择并列关系。 4. In order to解析： 考查短语 in order to (为了；以便)，表示目的，置于句首时其后常用逗号与主句隔开。 5. What's more / Besides解析： 考查表示递进或补充的过渡词 What's more (而且 / 更重要的是) 或 Besides (此外)。 例文讲解 互联网在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。学校英语报正在开展以“My Online Learning Experiences (我的在线学习经历)”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括：1. 简述互联网对你学习和生活的影响（如：开启了新的学习旅程）； 2.你通常在网上做哪些学习活动（如：上网课、搜索信息、与朋友用英语交流等）； 3. 你对合理使用互联网的看法与感悟（既有优点也有缺点，应该控制屏幕时间，不要向陌生人透露个人信息等）。 注意：1. 词数80词左右；2. 使用恰当的过渡词（如 What's more, Besides 等）和逻辑连接词（如 On the one hand... On the other hand...）；3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 写作指导 1.谋篇布局（三段论）：第一段（开门见山，引出主题）：点明互联网改变了我们的生活，引出自己在线学习的经历。第二段（列举事实，详细叙述）：这是文章的主体部分。使用 first, besides, what's more 等连接词，详细描述自己的网络学习活动。 2.可以结合单元词汇如 take online courses, search for information, communicate with 等。第三段（辩证分析，总结建议）：使用 On the one hand... On the other hand... 总结互联网的优缺点，并使用 It is harmful to... 和祈使句提出合理使用网络的建议（如控制时间、不泄露隐私等）。 3.时态运用： 描述日常的学习习惯、互联网的客观事实和普遍建议时，全文应以一般现在时为主。 【高分范文】 My Online Learning Experiences The internet makes our life easier and more fun. My life changes a lot after I started a new journey of study on the internet. I usually use the internet to explore online courses on weekends. I can learn interesting subjects from history to science. What's more, I often search for useful information when I have questions. I am always amazed by the quick answers. Besides, I use the internet to communicate with my friends in English, which helps improve my language skills. The internet has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it opens the door to a new world. On the other hand, in order to keep safe, we should not share personal information with strangers. Also, it is harmful to our health to spend too much time on the internet, so we must limit our screen time. Let's use the internet in a better way! 随堂训练 （1） 互联网极大地改变了我们的生活和学习方式。请以 "My Online Learning Experience" 为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的网课经历或利用网络学习的体会。 内容包括： 1. 你在网上通常做什么（上课、查资料、学英语等）； 2. 网络学习的优点（方便、资源丰富）； 3. 你的建议（合理安排时间，保护视力）。 注意：词数80左右。 【参考范文】 My Online Learning Experience     With the development of technology, the internet is becoming more and more important in our daily lives. I often use the internet to search for information and take online courses.     In my opinion, online learning is very helpful. First, it is convenient for us to study anywhere and anytime. We don't need to go to school on rainy days. Second, there are many interesting resources on the internet. I can learn English by watching movies and listening to songs. It opens a new world to me. However, every coin has two sides. Spending too much time online is harmful to our eyes. In short, we should make good use of the internet and manage our time wisely. （2） 能连接因特网的智能手机已成为当今社会人们不可或缺的科技发明，它有很多优点，但是也有缺点。请你根据思维导图，以“Using Mobile Phones Wisely”为题，写一篇英语短文，简要概述智能手机的优缺点，并针对缺点提出日常使用时的注意事项。 Using Mobile Phones Wisely Advantages Disadvantages Call ... Search ... Pay ... Play games ... Be bad for eyes ... ... 写作要求： 1. 包含思维导图的所有要点，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Using Mobile Phones Wisely Mobile phones are very important in our life. Of course, I can’t list all the problems and ways to solve them here. But if we use mobile phones carefully and wisely, they will help us a lot without causing problems! 参考范文 Using Mobile Phones Wisely Mobile phones are very important in our life. We can easily call others, search for information and even make payments in seconds. However, they also have disadvantages. So we should use them wisely. First, don’t use them for meaningless things. Playing games and watching short videos are just ways to relax, so don’t spend too much time on them. Second, don’t look at the screen for too long, especially before sleeping. It is very bad for your eyes and will make you feel tired next day. Also, remember to put your phone down when communicating with family. Don’t let it harm your close relationships. Of course, I can’t list all the problems and ways to solve them here. But if we use mobile phones carefully and wisely, they will help us a lot instead of causing problems! （3） 互联网已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，作为青少年，我们必须确保它是以服务我们，而非主宰我们为目标。学校正举办题为“Let the Internet Work for Us”的演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示信息，用英语写一篇演讲稿，参加此次演讲比赛。 提示信息： 1. What can the internet do for us? 2. How should we use the internet? 3. What must we pay attention to when using the internet? 写作要求： 1. 文中必须包含以上所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名和地名； 3. 词数：80—100词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Let the Internet Work for Us Dear teacher and students, How many of you use the internet every day? Look around! That’s most of us! The internet is like a superpower. Thank you! 参考范文 Let the Internet Work for Us Dear teaches and students, How many of you use the internet every day? Look around! That’s most of us! The internet is like a superpower. It can help us with our homework, teach us new skills, and connect us with friends. But we must be careful. Because not all information on the internet is true, we should learn to judge it. And not all the people we meet online are friendly and honest. We should protect our personal information and don’t trust any strangers easily. It can also a waste of time if we play games or watch videos all day. And that doesn’t do any good to us. So let’s use the internet as a tool for good—to learn, to create, and to connect with the world, not let it control our lives! Thank you! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $