内容正文:
语法填空(解析版)
Part one 三年高考英语真题复现
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
Passage2
【2023·新课标全国II卷】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)speaking English. And who do they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___(interview)in English with international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___65___(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
Passage 3
【2023年全国甲卷】
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
Passage 4
【2023年全国乙卷】
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____45____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
Passage 5
【2023年浙江1月卷】
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
Passage3
【2024全国甲卷】
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____(treasure)of American heritage(遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do)with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____(large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2025年
Passage 1
【2025全国一卷】
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 57 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 58 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 59 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent 62 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
Passage 2
【2025·全国二卷】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ___56___ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木)grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___57___(center)heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me ___58___ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ___59___ learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found ___60___(I)feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___61___(be)one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ___62___(discover)one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___63___(absent)of smog and plenty of blue sky ___64___(afternoon)with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ___65___(leave)to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
Passage3
【2025浙江1月卷】
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of 56 new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 58 the fact that they have something unique to wear 59 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
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语法填空(解析版)
Part one 三年高考英语真题复现
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
一、文章体裁
说明文(饮食文化类)。
以小笼包为描写对象,介绍其外形、食用方式、起源地、制作特点及口感风味,表达作者对小笼包的喜爱之情,属于介绍特色饮食的事物说明文。
二、文章大意
本文介绍了作者最喜爱的中国街头小吃小笼包,描述了其皮薄、汤鲜、肉嫩的特点与两种食用方式;说明小笼包公认发源地为上海,实则起源于南翔镇,两地制作工艺略有差异;同时点明优质小笼包的评判标准,并表达出自己对小笼包百吃不厌的喜爱。
三、篇章结构
全文围绕小笼包展开说明,层次分明:
第一段:引出对象与食用方式 开篇点明小笼包是最爱的街头小吃,描写其外观与温度,并介绍两种吃小笼包的方法。
第二段:起源与制作特点 介绍小笼包公认产地与真正发源地,对比两地制作差异,说明优质小笼包的外皮、馅料与汤汁标准。
第三段:作者个人感受 表达自己对小笼包的喜爱,总觉得一笼不够、意犹未尽。
四、考查题型
36 题:词形转换题(形容词作定语)
37 题:非谓语动词题(固定结构搭配)
38 题:连词辨析题(固定并列结构)
39 题:词形转换题(过去分词作定语)
40 题:介词填空题(固定方式搭配)
41 题:非谓语动词题(固定用法搭配)
42 题:代词变形题(形容词性物主代词)
43 题:冠词填空题(固定短语搭配)
44 题:词形转换题(副词作状语)
45 题:非谓语动词题(固定结构用法)
五、题目详解
【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted
42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
Passage2
【2023·新课标全国II卷】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)speaking English. And who do they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___(interview)in English with international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___65___(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
一、文章体裁
记叙文(个人经历类)。
以作者在柏林动物园担任英语教师的独特经历为线索,讲述其为熊猫饲养员教授英语的工作内容、原因与个人感受,兼具叙事与抒情特点。
二、文章大意
本文讲述作者在柏林动物园担任英语教师的特殊经历:自 2017 年两只中国大熊猫抵达柏林后,作者便帮助熊猫饲养员学习英语,以便他们与国际游客、来访的中方饲养员交流,并接受外媒采访;教学内容主要是描述熊猫生活,作者也借此间接实现了儿时想当动物管理员的梦想。
三、篇章结构
全文按照 “引出经历 — 介绍缘由 — 说明内容 — 抒发感受” 的逻辑展开:
第一段:引出特殊职业 作者点明自己在柏林动物园教英语的独特工作,引发读者好奇。
第二段:交代教学对象 说明授课对象是熊猫饲养员,并解释学习英语的交流对象。
第三段:说明学习原因 饲养员需用英语接待国际游客、交流与采访,因此需要英语培训。
第四段:介绍教学内容与感悟 教学核心是描述熊猫生活,作者也间接实现童年梦想,倍感荣幸。
四、考查题型
56 题:词形转换题(动词变名词,作介词宾语)
57 题:词形转换题(名词变形容词,与 and 前形容词并列)
58 题:介词填空题(固定动词短语搭配)
59 题:冠词填空题(特指某类语言)
60 题:词形转换题(动词变形容词,作定语)
61 题:词形转换题(动词变名词,固定短语搭配)
62 题:连词填空题(表语从句引导词)
63 题:词形转换题(形容词变副词,作状语)
64 题:连词填空题(并列结构连接)
65 题:动词时态题(一般过去时,表过去愿望)
五、题目详解
【答案】
56. arrival 57. confident 58. with 59. the 60. visiting
61. interviews 62. why 63. Basically 64. and 65. wished
【解析】
56. 考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词,故填arrival。
57. 考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident,故填confident。
58. 考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who,句子中有主语they,speak后有宾语,而who缺少一个介词,who做介词的宾语,又根据句意可推知,此处强调“与某人交流”,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.,故填with。
59. 考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰,故填the。
60. 考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”,故填visiting。
61. 考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式,故填interviews。
62. 考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句,故填why。
63. 考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Basically。
64. 考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接,故填and。
65. 考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时,故填wished。
Passage 3
【2023年全国甲卷】
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
一、文章体裁
说明文(文学评论 + 环保主题)
以寓言这种古老文学体裁为话题,介绍传统寓言的特点,并评析蕾切尔・卡森《明天的寓言》如何用寓言形式传递现代环保警示。
二、文章大意
几千年来,人们用寓言来传授道理、传承智慧,伊索寓言可追溯到公元前六世纪。寓言这种形式至今仍有价值,正如蕾切尔・卡森在《明天的寓言》中所体现的。她用简洁直白的寓言式文风,模仿古老寓言的开头,看似写给孩子,实则向所有人传递严肃信息。与传统寓言不同,她的文章以警示批判收尾,呼吁人们承担保护环境的责任。传统寓言多讲生活小道理,而卡森的主题是对环境破坏的沉重警告,证明古老文体在今天依然可以用来呼吁人们关注重要真理。
三、篇章结构
1.开篇引入:介绍寓言的历史与功能,提出寓言在当代仍有价值。
2.文风分析:卡森借用寓言的简洁风格,表面浅显,内涵严肃。
3.主题对比:与传统寓言对比,突出其环保警示与责任教育。
4.总结升华:点明寓言文体在当代仍可用于传播重要现实理念。
四、考查题型
41.非谓语动词(不定式表目的)
42.序数词变换(表示世纪)
43.定语从句关系代词(as 引导非限制性定语从句)
44.定语从句关系副词(where 表地点)
45.非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)
46.非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语)
47.词形转换(形容词固定搭配)
48.介词填空(固定搭配 responsibility for)
49.词形转换(动词变名词)
50.动词语态(情态动词后的被动语态)
五、题目详解
【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended
47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
【42题详解】
考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
Passage 4
【2023年全国乙卷】
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____45____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
一、文章体裁
记叙文(游记感悟类)
以外国摄影师的视角,记叙对北京古今交融城市风貌的观察与赞叹,兼具描写与抒情。
二、文章大意
北京是一座连接古今的城市,从寺庙、胡同到皇家宫殿,拥有三千年灿烂历史,至今仍保留着规整的环路格局。尽管遍布古建筑,北京也积极拥抱现代快节奏发展,当代建筑奇观与历史古迹交相辉映。这种强烈的视觉反差本应违和,却奇妙地完美融合。作者在过去十年多次到访,惊叹于北京新旧共生、在快速发展中守住丰厚文化遗产的能力;作为摄影师,两年来持续记录所见所感。北京在迈向现代的同时刻意保护历史,其非凡发展意味着总有新事物值得探索,也让作者愿意用未来五十年继续拍摄北京。
三、篇章结构
全文由景入情、层层递进:
第一段:总起定位点明北京是古今交融之城,介绍其深厚历史底蕴与城市格局。
第二段:现代风貌说明北京在保留古迹的同时,现代建筑与历史建筑并存。
第三段:反差与融合指出古今反差却和谐共生,表达作者多次到访后的惊叹与摄影记录行为。
第四段:感悟升华赞美北京在发展中保护历史的非凡成就,抒发对这座城市长久的探索热情。
四、考查题型
41. 连词填空题(并列结构连接)
42. 非谓语动词题(过去分词作定语)
43. 定语从句引导词(指代地点作主语)
44. 词形转换题(名词复数形式)
45. 连词填空题(转折逻辑)
46. 非谓语动词题(现在分词完成式作状语)
47. 动词语态题(被动语态 + 时态)
48. 非谓语动词题(固定搭配动名词)
49. 词形转换题(形容词作定语)
50. 动词时态题(主谓一致 + 一般现在时)
五、题目详解
【答案】41. to 42. built 43. which##that 44. wonders 45. but 46. Having visited
47. was amazed 48. recording 49. remarkable 50. means
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Passage 5
【2023年浙江1月卷】
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
一、文章体裁
说明文(文化历史类)
介绍北京胡同的起源、历史布局、建筑特点及其文化内涵,属于城市历史与传统文化主题的说明性文章。
二、文章大意
本文介绍了北京胡同的历史由来与发展:“胡同” 一词最早源于蒙古语,元代出现;明代以紫禁城为中心,由内城、外城层层环绕,社会等级决定居住位置,权贵宅院宏大精致,胡同规整宽阔,平民住宅简陋狭小,胡同也更狭窄。胡同是北京重要文化符号,因北京长期作为都城,每条胡同都有故事,与故宫、颐和园等代表的宫廷上层文化相对,胡同承载着北京草根市民文化。
三、篇章结构
文章按历史发展与空间层次展开说明:
第一段:起源与定义介绍古代北京按等级规划城市,“胡同” 一词的来源与出现时期。
第二段:明代布局与居住差异以紫禁城为中心介绍圈层格局,对比权贵与平民的住宅、胡同差异。
第三段:文化价值与意义点明胡同的文化地位,讲述其历史故事,并指出胡同代表北京草根文化。
四、考查题型
56. 连词填空题(并列谓语连接)
57. 词形转换题(形容词变副词作状语)
58. 非谓语动词题(过去分词表被动作后置定语)
59. 动词语态题(一般过去时被动语态)
60. 动词时态题(一般过去时)
61. 词形转换题(名词变形容词作定语)
62. 词形转换题(形容词比较级)
63. 介词填空题(表身份 “作为”)
64. 名词单复数题(复数表泛指)
65. 冠词填空题(特指市民文化)
五、题目详解
【答案】56.and 57.originally 58.surrounded 59.were permitted 60.featured 61.spacious 62.simpler 63.as 64.events 65.the
56.考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
57.考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
59.考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
60.考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
61.考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
62.考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
63.考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
64.考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。
65.考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2024年
Passage 1
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
一、文章体裁
说明文(建筑文化类)
介绍 Heatherwick Studio 在英国伍尔贝丁花园设计建造的玻璃温室,及其周边丝绸之路主题花园的设计理念、建筑结构与文化内涵,属于建筑 + 文化主题的事物说明文。
二、文章大意
本文介绍了英国伍尔贝丁花园内一座名为 Glasshouse 的现代玻璃温室:它运用最新工程技术,兼具实用性与美观性,可像花瓣般开合以适应天气;其周边的丝绸之路花园带领游客体验丝路文化,正是丝绸之路让丝绸与多种植物首次传入英国,成为西方园艺中的常见品种。这座玻璃温室不仅是当代设计的杰出成果,更成功引种了中国西南地区植物,见证了丝路如何深刻丰富了英国园艺文化。
三、篇章结构
文章由建筑本体到文化内涵逐层展开:
第一段:引出建筑点明玻璃温室的位置、名称及其展示丝绸之路对英国园林影响的主题。
第二段:结构与功能介绍其采用的现代工程技术、设计特点及可开合的温控功能。
第三段:周边花园说明丝绸之路主题花园的游览设计、植物来源与展示内容。
第四段:意义总结评价玻璃温室的设计成就,点明其承载的亚洲植物与丝路文化对英国园艺的深远影响。
四、考查题型
56. 词形转换题(名词变形容词作定语)
57. 词形转换题(名词变形容词作定语)
58. 非谓语动词题(不定式表目的)
59. 词形转换题(过去分词作形容词表状态)
60. 动词时态题(一般现在时,主谓一致)
61. 冠词填空题(固定搭配)
62. 名词单复数题(复数表示泛指)
63. 介词填空题(固定搭配表 “作为”)
64. 定语从句引导词(指代事物作主语)
65. 词形转换题(形容词变名词)
五、题目详解
【答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks
61 the 62. favorites 63. as 64. which##that 65. richness
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
【60题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列,应用名词形式richness,作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
Passage 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
一、文章体裁
说明文(文化交流类)
围绕东方戏剧家汤显祖与西方莎士比亚的文化关联展开,介绍中英文化元素在莎士比亚故乡的融合,属于跨文化交流主题说明文。
二、文章大意
本文讲述有 “亚洲莎士比亚” 之称的中国戏曲家汤显祖的相关文化元素,为莎士比亚故乡斯特拉特福增添了国际色彩。汤显祖与莎士比亚同为 1616 年去世,作品主题有共通之处,《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》也有相似点。2017 年当地树立起纪念两人的雕像,2019 年又建成以《牡丹亭》为灵感的亭子。这些元素提升了小镇的国际知名度,也让游客惊叹于两位文豪的联结。作者还回忆了在上海观看英文版戏曲、在英国欣赏中文《牡丹亭》片段的经历,感慨中英文化交流的精彩。
三、篇章结构
文章按 “人物关联 — 文化落地 — 现实影响 — 个人感悟” 展开:第一段:引入话题点明汤显祖文化元素进入莎士比亚故乡,赋予小镇国际特色。第二段:人物共性介绍汤显祖与莎士比亚同期逝世,作品主题相通,代表作有相似之处。第三段:文化落地记述纪念雕像与《牡丹亭》主题亭在当地的建成。第四段:现实影响说明这些元素提升了小镇国际知名度,令游客倍感惊喜。第五段:个人感悟作者回忆中英戏曲互演经历,表达对文化交流的赞叹。
四、考查题型
36. 定语从句引导题(关系代词指代人)
37. 名词单复数题(主谓一致用复数)
38. 动词时态题(一般过去时)
39. 介词填空题(固定搭配)
40. 非谓语动词题(过去分词作定语)
41. 动词语态题(一般过去时被动语态)
42. 词形转换题(形容词变名词)
43. 非谓语动词题(固定结构)
44. 非谓语动词题(现在分词作伴随状语)
45. 连词填空题(并列谓语连接)
5、 题目详解
【答案】36. who 37. themes 38. were 39. to 40. inspired
41. was built 42. visibility 43. to find 44. Recalling 45. and
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语:be similar to,意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
【41题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,用and连接。故填and。
Passage3
【2024全国甲卷】
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____(treasure)of American heritage(遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do)with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____(large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
一、文章体裁
说明文(历史文化类)
介绍美国国家公园体系的起源,以黄石公园的诞生过程为主线,讲述其历史背景与发展,属于历史事件介绍类说明文。
二、文章大意
本文介绍美国国家公园因其规模与多样性备受关注,是美国宝贵的文化遗产。文章追溯了国家公园体系的起源:1870 年,一支探险队在今怀俄明州西北部地区感叹自然美景,商议决定将这片区域设立为国家公园以永久保护。两年后,黄石公园成为美国乃至世界第一座国家公园。它曾是美国面积最大的国家公园,后于 1980 年被阿拉斯加的朗格–圣伊利亚斯国家公园超越。
三、篇章结构
文章按 “总起 — 起源经过 — 历史发展” 的顺序展开:
第一段:总起引入点明国家公园因规模和多样性备受关注,是美国珍贵遗产,并引出国家公园体系的起源问题。
第二段:历史起源讲述 1870 年探险队在黄石地区讨论并决定设立国家公园的经过。
第三段:发展与规模对比说明黄石公园成为世界首个国家公园,并介绍其面积纪录后被其他公园超越的情况。
四、考查题型
41. 非谓语动词题(固定搭配 tend to do)
42. 名词单复数题(复数表示一类事物)
43. 名词性从句引导词(what 引导宾语从句)
44. 动词时态题(一般过去时)
45. 动词语态题(情态动词后被动语态)
46. 代词变形题(形容词性物主代词)
47. 介词填空题(固定搭配 for sb. to do)
48. 词形转换题(动词变名词)
49. 形容词最高级题(表示 “最大的”)
50. 定语从句引导词(which 指代先行词)
五、题目详解
【答案】41. to catch 42. treasures 43. what 44. were 45. be done
46. its 47. for 48. completion 49. largest 50. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来,即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区,决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应用复数形式,故填treasures。
【43题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,主语用what引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,故填what。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
【49题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。
2025年
Passage 1
【2025全国一卷】
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 57 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 58 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 59 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent 62 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
一、文章体裁
说明文(文化艺术主题)介绍上海久事美术馆一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览,围绕围棋文化、哲学内涵与当代艺术的结合展开说明。
二、文章大意
上海久事美术馆举办了一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展。围棋起源于中国,已有四千多年历史,是世界上最早的二元对弈游戏之一,黑白棋子的走法蕴含东方哲学思想。展览将围棋文化、前沿科技与当代艺术结合,试图用视觉化方式呈现抽象的围棋与 AI,并与多种艺术流派展开对话。棋手认为围棋步步为营、暗藏谋略,能显露棋手性格与弱点,真正有风度的胜者往往仅以微弱优势取胜以示尊重。黑白平衡、布局之美与落子后的气韵流动,也激发艺术家创作出油画、雕塑、数字生成作品等展品。
三、篇章结构
文章按 “引入展览 — 介绍围棋 — 策展理念 — 棋手解读 — 创作灵感” 展开:
第一段:引入话题介绍上海久事美术馆的围棋主题艺术展,点明围棋悠久历史。
第二段:围棋内涵说明围棋的地位及其蕴含的东方哲学思想。
第三段:策展理念介绍展览融合文化、科技与艺术,旨在视觉化呈现围棋与 AI。
第四段:棋手解读从专业棋手角度讲解围棋的策略性与对弈心理。
第五段:艺术创作阐述围棋美学如何激发各类艺术作品的创作。
四、考查题型
56. 定语从句引导词(非限制性定语从句指代事物)
57. 冠词填空题(最高级前固定用定冠词)
58. 非谓语动词题(固定搭配 hope to do)
59. 词形转换题(动词变名词)
60. 动词语态题(一般现在时被动语态)
61. 动词时态题(一般现在时,主谓一致)
62. 介词填空题(表示 “以…… 差距”)
63. 词形转换题(名词变形容词作定语)
64. 连词填空题(并列结构连接)
65. 词形转换题(形容词变副词作状语)
五、题目详解
【答案】
56.which 57.the 58.to present 59.guidance 60.are revealed 61.tries 62.by 63.strategic/strategical 64.and 65.digitally
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。
56.56. 考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
57.考查冠词。句意:围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语动词,hope to do sth.“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式,作宾语。故填to present。
59.考查名词。句意:你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱,迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填guidance。
60.考查动词语态。句意:她补充说:“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来,一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。
61.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
62.考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两分的优势”,符合语境。故填by。
63.考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的,策略的”,作定语。故填strategic/strategical。
64.64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系,作并列主语,所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
65.考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状语。故填digitally。
Passage 2
【2025·全国二卷】
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ___56___ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木)grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ___57___(center)heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me ___58___ this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt ___59___ learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found ___60___(I)feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ___61___(be)one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ___62___(discover)one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ___63___(absent)of smog and plenty of blue sky ___64___(afternoon)with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ___65___(leave)to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
一、文章体裁
记叙文(个人生活感悟类)以一位外籍女性的视角,讲述她从美国移居中国浙江乡村的生活体验,重点描写晾晒衣物带来的 “阳光味道” 这一生活小美好,属于生活叙事类记叙文。
二、文章大意
作者出生并成长于美国俄亥俄州,如今与丈夫及家人定居浙江乡村,这里山野遍布竹林茶树,散养着家禽,也没有集中供暖。起初她完全无法适应,后来却慢慢融入,还时常收获惊喜,衣物晾晒后的 “阳光香味” 便是其中之一。作者在美国从未用过晾衣绳,无缘感受阳光的奇妙馈赠;而浙江乡村空气清新、蓝天常在,晾晒后的衣物香气格外怡人。她认为,未曾体验过阳光味道的人,着实错过了一份生活中的美好。
三、篇章结构
文章按 “生活转变 — 适应过程 — 美好发现 — 感慨总结” 展开:第一段:生活环境转变介绍作者从美国来到浙江乡村生活,描述当地质朴的自然与生活环境。第二段:适应与惊喜讲述作者从不适应到逐渐融入,并发现晾晒衣物的阳光香味这一惊喜。第三段:对比与原因对比美国生活经历,说明乡村优良的空气与天气让阳光味道更加浓郁。第四段:感慨总结抒发对 “阳光香味” 这一生活小美好的珍视与赞叹。
四、考查题型
56. 关系副词题(定语从句修饰地点)
57. 词形转换题(名词变形容词作定语)
58. 介词填空题(固定搭配 prepare sb. for sth.)
59. 连词填空题(并列谓语表顺承)
60. 代词变形题(反身代词作宾语)
61. 动词时态题(一般现在时,主谓一致)
62. 非谓语动词题(不定式作后置定语)
63. 词形转换题(形容词变名词)
64. 名词单复数题(复数表泛指)
65. 非谓语动词题(过去分词作后置定语)
5、 题目详解
【答案】
56. where 57. central 58. for 59. and 60. myself
61. is 62. to discover 63. absence 64. afternoons 65. left
【解析】
56. 考查定语从句。句意:然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村,在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生,鸡总是自由放养的,而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,故填where。
57. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”,作定语,故填central。
58. 考查介词。句意:我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是,我第一次来到这里时,从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”,固定搭配,故填for。
59. 考查连词。句意:但令人惊讶的是,你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系,应用连词and连接,故填and。
60. 考查反身代词。句意:随着时间的推移,我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself,故填myself。
61. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is,故填is。
62. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在我的成长过程中,我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物,这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词, chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式,作定语,故填to discover。
63. 考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词,故填absence。
64. 考查名词的数。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词,此处指不止一个下午,应用复数形式afternoons,故填afternoons。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,故填left。
Passage3
【2025浙江1月卷】
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of 56 new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 58 the fact that they have something unique to wear 59 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
一、文章体裁
说明文(社会生活类)围绕服装租赁这一新兴穿衣方式展开,介绍其在澳大利亚的兴起背景、运营模式与发展趋势,属于社会现象类说明文。
二、文章大意
时尚在经济与环境层面的代价催生了一种新型穿衣方式,服装租赁在澳大利亚逐渐流行。人们减少衣物穿着次数,转而选择租赁。店主 Tanya 认为,顾客不再介意衣物是二手,更看重款式独特,同时避免衣柜拥挤与浪费。她的店铺提供女装租赁服务,专为一次性场合提供高性价比方案。男装租赁早已流行,女装租赁则刚刚兴起,属于共享经济的一部分。Tanya 还计划拓展休闲服饰,推出适合旅行者的极简胶囊衣橱,并推出更长租期,以更好适应当下人们的生活需求。
三、篇章结构
文章按 “现象引入 — 观点解读 — 商业模式 — 未来规划” 展开:
第一段:现象兴起说明环境与经济因素推动服装租赁在澳大利亚流行。
第二段:理念解读引用店主观点,阐述租赁模式的环保与实用优势。
第三段:运营模式介绍店铺服务内容,并对比男装租赁说明其发展特点。
第四段:未来规划讲述店主拓展业务、推出长租服务以适配现代生活的计划。
四、考查题型
56. 冠词填空题(泛指一种新方式)
57. 名词单复数题(表示次数用复数)
58. 介词填空题(固定搭配 focus on)
59. 连词填空题(并列谓语表递进)
60. 非谓语动词题(不定式作目的状语)
61. 词形转换题(动词变名词)
62. 动词时态题(一般现在时,主谓一致)
63. 定语从句引导词(指代事物作宾语)
64. 名词所有格题(修饰名词表示所属关系)
65. 非谓语动词题(固定搭配 mean doing)
五、题目详解
【答案】
56.a 57.times 58.on 59.and 60.to rent 61.solution 62.is 63.which 64.people’s 65.returning
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了服装租赁服务在澳大利亚兴起的现象。
56.考查冠词。句意:时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催生了一种新的穿衣方式,这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”,泛指,且new发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
57.考查名词。句意:由于人们现在选择少穿的衣服更多了,服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示“次数”时是可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故填times。
58.考查介词。句意:如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实,而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿,并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当,也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。focus on是固定短语,意为“关注,聚焦于”。故填on。
59.考查连词。句意:如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手的这一事实,而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿,并且不会把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当,也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。“have something unique to wear”和“are not overstuffing their own wardrobes...”是并列关系,have和are是谓语动词,应用连词and连接。故填and。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语,修饰名词词组fashion clothes,意为“女性租赁的衣服”,用不定式to rent作后置定语,主动表被动。故填to rent。
61.考查名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词solution,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填solution。
62.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来,男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说,它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语,句子陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
63.考查定语从句。句意:坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装,而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服,她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱,提供给旅行者,比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人,并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物,关系词将其代入从句中作宾语,应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
64.考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people’s,作定语。故填people’s。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意,表示“意味着……”,用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为“意味着做某事”,用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
Part two 总结规律 精准备考
一、语法填空文章特点
(一)核心特征
核心:语法规则 + 词汇运用 + 语境适配(考查语法知识的灵活运用,而非单纯死记硬背语法条文)
本质:一篇有完整语义的短文(记叙文、说明文、议论文为主,说明文占比最高,约50%-60%),设空10个,分“有提示词”(6-7个)和“无提示词”(3-4个)两类,需结合语法规则、词汇变化、上下文语境补全,使文章语义连贯、语法严谨。
(二)文章体裁及特点
1. 说明文(高频)
对象:科技发明、文化习俗、科普知识、生活常识、社会现象、语言学习
线索:逻辑顺序(总分、因果、递进),侧重客观说明,语义严谨
主题:介绍事物特征、解释原理、说明用途、传递文化信息
重点:时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词单复数、介词搭配,以及逻辑连接词的运用,语言简洁客观。
2. 记叙文(中频)
对象:人物经历、生活故事、情感感悟、历史事件片段
线索:时间顺序、事件发展顺序,侧重情感和动作的连贯性
主题:传递正能量(成长、善良、坚持、温情等)
重点:时态(多为一般过去时、过去进行时)、代词、连词、非谓语动词,以及主谓一致,贴合人物动作和情感变化。
3. 议论文(低频)
对象:人生哲理、社会观点、文化思考
线索:论点→论据→结论,逻辑推理脉络清晰,语气严谨
主题:表达作者观点、驳斥错误观点、传递价值态度
重点:时态(多为一般现在时)、从句引导词、非谓语动词、副词(表语气/逻辑),以及固定句型的运用。
(三)共性特点
1. 语法考点明确:每个空均对应具体语法考点,无无意义设空,核心围绕“词形变化”和“句子结构”展开;
2. 上下文关联性强:有提示词的空,需结合语境判断词形(如时态、语态、单复数);无提示词的空,需结合上下文逻辑判断词性(介词、连词、代词等);
3. 词汇考查侧重“词形变化”:高频考查动词、名词、形容词、副词的词形转换(如动词变名词、形容词变副词、名词变复数);
4. 句子结构多样:包含简单句、并列句、复合句(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句),侧重考查句子成分的完整性;
5. 语义连贯统一:所有答案需贴合文章整体语义和逻辑,语法正确的同时,确保上下文衔接自然,无语义断层。
二、通用解题步骤(适配所有体裁)
1. 通读全文,把握主旨(30-60秒):不看设空,快速读全文,重点读首段、尾段,以及每段首尾句,理清文章脉络、时态基调(如记叙文多为过去时,说明文多为现在时)和核心话题,避免“孤立分析语法”;
2. 分类解题,逐空突破(2-3分钟):先做“有提示词”的空(词形变化类,难度较低),再做“无提示词”的空(语法填空类,难度较高);不确定的空标记跳过,不纠结单个空格;
3. 复读全文,核对修正(1-2分钟):把答案代入原文,通读全文,检查语法是否正确(时态、语态、单复数等)、词形是否适配、语义是否连贯、句子结构是否完整;
4. 代入验证,确定答案(30秒):重点核对标记的空格,结合全文时态、逻辑,排除语法错误、语义不符的答案,确保“语法正确、语境适配、逻辑连贯”。
三、核心解题技巧(按考点分类,适配所有体裁)
1. 有提示词解题技巧(占比60%-70%,核心考点)
核心:提示词多为动词、名词、形容词、副词,解题关键是“判断考点(词形变化类型)+ 结合语境适配”,无需过度纠结词义,重点关注语法规则。
高频考点及技巧:
(1)动词类(最高频,占提示词的40%):
① 时态/语态:结合全文时态基调、上下文动作发生的时间,判断动词的时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等)和语态(主动/被动);如全文为一般过去时,且主语与动词为被动关系,填过去分词。
② 非谓语动词:若动词不作句子谓语,需判断非谓语形式(doing/done/to do);主动/进行用doing,被动/完成用done,目的/将来用to do;如“______(walk)along the street, he saw a cat”,主语he与walk为主动关系,填Walking。
③ 主谓一致:若动词作谓语,需结合主语的单复数,判断动词的单复数形式;如主语为单数第三人称,一般现在时动词加s/es。
(2)名词类(占提示词的20%):
① 单复数:结合上下文的数量提示(a/an、many、some、several等),判断名词用单数还是复数;如“many ______(child)”,填children。
② 名词所有格:若语境表示“……的”,需填名词所有格(单数加’s,复数加’,不规则复数加’s);如“the ______(teacher)office”,填teacher’s。
(3)形容词/副词类(占提示词的25%):
① 词性转换:形容词修饰名词、系动词,副词修饰动词、形容词、句子;如“a ______(quick)answer”(形容词修饰名词),填quick;“he runs ______(quick)”(副词修饰动词),填quickly。
② 比较级/最高级:结合语境中的比较标志(than、much、even、the most等),判断用原级、比较级还是最高级;如“this book is ______(interesting)than that one”,填more interesting。
(4)其他提示词:
代词(需判断人称、数、格,如I→me→my→mine)、数词(需判断基数词/序数词,如five→fifth),结合语境和语法规则转换。
2. 无提示词解题技巧(占比30%-40%,难点突破)
核心:无提示词需结合“句子结构”和“上下文逻辑”,判断空格处的词性(介词、连词、代词、冠词等),无需词形变化,重点关注语法空缺。
高频考点及技巧:
(1)冠词(a/an/the):判断空格后名词是否为特指、泛指;泛指用a/an(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a),特指用the;如“______ book on the desk is mine”(特指桌上的书),填The。
(2)介词:结合固定搭配、上下文语义,判断合适的介词(如in、on、at、with、by、for、of等);如“be good ______ English”(固定搭配),填at;“______ the morning”,填in。
(3)连词:结合上下文逻辑关系(转折、因果、并列、递进等),判断合适的连词(如but、so、and、because、though、if等);如“he is tired, ______ he keeps working”(转折关系),填but。
(4)代词:结合上下文指代对象,判断用人称代词(he、she、it等)、物主代词(my、his、their等)、指示代词(this、that等)或不定代词(some、any、something等);如“the book is good, I like ______”(指代book),填it。
(5)情态动词/助动词:结合语境语气(能力、许可、推测等),判断用情态动词(can、may、must等)或助动词(do、does、did、have等);如“______ you speak English?”(询问能力),填Can。
3. 固定句型法(解题突破口)
核心:高考语法填空高频考查固定句型,牢记句型结构,可快速锁定答案,无需过度分析语境。
高频固定句型:
(1)It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.(对某人来说做某事是……的);
(2)There be + 主语 + 其他(某地有某物/某人);
(3)not...until...(直到……才……);
(4)so...that.../such...that...(如此……以至于……);
(5)as...as...(和……一样……);
(6)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.(宁愿做某事而不愿做某事);
(7)be busy doing sth.(忙于做某事);
(8)have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难)。
4. 句子结构分析法(避免语法错误)
核心:先判断句子类型(简单句、并列句、复合句),再分析句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等),明确空格在句中的作用,进而判断考点。
常用分析步骤:
① 找谓语动词:一个简单句只有一个谓语动词(并列谓语除外),据此判断空格处动词是谓语还是非谓语;
② 划句子主干:跳过修饰成分(定语、状语、插入语),明确主语和宾语,判断是否缺少连接词、代词等;
③ 分析复合句:若句子有两个或多个谓语动词,需判断是并列句(用and、but等连接)还是复合句(定语从句、状语从句等,用引导词连接)。
5. 排除法(快速锁定答案,提高效率)
核心:对于不确定的空格,先排除明显不符合语法规则、固定搭配或语境的选项(无提示词可排除词性不符的情况,有提示词可排除词形错误的情况),缩小选择范围。
常见排除角度:
(1)语法错误:排除不符合时态、语态、主谓一致、单复数规则的词形;
(2)搭配错误:排除不符合固定搭配的介词、连词或词形;
(3)词性不符:无提示词时,排除与空格作用不符的词性(如空格修饰名词,排除副词);
(4)语义脱节:排除与上下文语义、逻辑无关的答案;
(5)句型不符:排除不符合固定句型结构的答案。
四、不同体裁专项技巧(针对性突破)
(一)说明文语法填空(高频)
1. 抓“时态基调”:多为一般现在时,若介绍过去的发明、历史上的文化现象,可用一般过去时,全文时态统一,无需频繁切换;
2. 抓“逻辑连接”:高频考查因果、递进、总分关系的连词(because、so、besides、what’s more)和介词(of、by、for),贴合说明逻辑;
3. 注意“专业词汇”:遇到科普、科技类名词,重点关注单复数变化和介词搭配,无需纠结词义;
4. 侧重“词形转换”:高频考查动词变名词、形容词变副词,贴合说明文“客观说明”的语言特点。
(二)记叙文语法填空(中频)
1. 抓“时态基调”:多为一般过去时,穿插过去进行时(描述正在发生的动作)、过去完成时(描述过去的过去),结合动作发生的时间判断;
2. 抓“动作连贯”:高频考查非谓语动词(描述伴随动作、目的动作)和连词(then、and、but,体现动作推进或转折);
3. 注意“代词指代”:高频考查人称代词、物主代词,贴合人物动作和情感,确保指代对象明确;
4. 侧重“细节语法”:关注主谓一致、名词单复数,避免因细节失误丢分。
(三)议论文语法填空(低频)
1. 抓“时态基调”:多为一般现在时,体现作者观点的客观性和普遍性,若引用过去的事例,可用一般过去时;
2. 抓“论点与论据的逻辑”:高频考查状语从句引导词(if、though、because)、名词性从句引导词(that、what、how),体现逻辑衔接;
3. 注意“副词用法”:高频考查表语气、逻辑的副词(however、therefore、besides),贴合议论文的论证语气;
4. 侧重“固定句型”:高频考查强调句、倒装句等,增强论证的严谨性。
五、高频易错点(坑点避雷,重点规避)
1. 时态混乱:忽略全文时态基调,随意切换时态(如记叙文误用一般现在时,说明文误用过去时);
2. 非谓语动词判断错误:混淆doing、done、to do的用法,忽略逻辑主语与动作的关系;
3. 名词单复数失误:忽略数量提示词(many、some等),漏变复数或错变复数(如child→childs);
4. 介词搭配错误:死记硬背搭配,忽略语境适配(如“在具体某一天”用on,误填in);
5. 连词逻辑判断错误:混淆转折、因果、并列关系,选错连词(如因果关系误填but);
6. 冠词使用错误:混淆泛指与特指,漏填或错填a/an/the(如元音音素开头的单词前误填a);
7. 词性转换错误:混淆形容词与副词的用法(如用形容词修饰动词),或漏变词形(如quick→quickly漏加ly);
8. 主谓一致失误:忽略主语的单复数(如集合名词作主语时,误判单复数);
9. 固定句型记忆不牢固:遗漏句型中的关键介词、连词或动词形式(如It is adj. for sb. 误填of);
10. 脱离语境填答案:只看语法规则,忽略上下文语义,导致答案与语境脱节(如非谓语动词选错,虽语法正确但语义不符)。
六、备考策略(针对性突破,高效提分)
1. 刷题方向(精准发力)
只刷:近3-5年高考真题语法填空(优先刷全国卷、新高考卷),按体裁分类刷(先刷说明文,再刷记叙文、议论文);
频率:每周3-5篇,每篇限时8-10分钟(符合考场时间),同一篇文章刷2遍:第一遍限时做题,第二遍精读分析,重点标注“考点类型、错题错因、固定搭配”;
额外练习:精读真题原文,分析长难句的句子结构,积累高频词形变化、固定句型和介词搭配。
2. 语法梳理(核心突破)
(1)重点梳理:高频语法考点(时态/语态、非谓语动词、名词单复数、冠词、介词、连词、词性转换),整理成“考点+例句+易错点”笔记;
(2)梳理方法:按“词性/考点”分类整理,如把所有非谓语动词的用法、例句汇总,每天花15分钟背诵,结合真题例句理解,避免死记硬背;
(3)优先级:动词的时态/语态、非谓语动词(最高频)→ 名词单复数、词性转换 → 冠词、介词、连词 → 固定句型、主谓一致。
3. 长难句突破(扫清障碍)
每天分析2句真题语法填空中的长难句,步骤如下:
第一步:找谓语动词,判断句子类型(简单句/并列句/复合句);
第二步:划句子主干,分离修饰成分(定语、状语、插入语),明确句子成分;
第三步:分析语法考点,标注句中的时态、非谓语动词、从句引导词等,明确考点在句中的作用;
提示:长难句理解透彻后,能快速判断空格的考点和答案,避免因句子结构看不懂导致的错题。
4. 错题整理模板(必做,高效复盘)
原题空格→ 考点类型(如:时态、非谓语动词、介词搭配)→ 错误答案及错因(如:时态判断错误、非谓语形式混淆、搭配记错)→ 正确答案解析(语法规则、语境适配、固定搭配)→ 积累相关语法点/搭配;
额外补充:标注文章体裁、时态基调,每周复盘1次错题,重点复习易错考点,避免重复犯错,坚持2-3周,正确率会显著提升。
5. 考场时间控制(高效得分)
1篇语法填空:8-10分钟(不宜过长,避免占用阅读、写作时间);
时间分配:通读全文(30-60秒)→ 分类解题(5-7分钟)→ 复读修正(1-2分钟)→ 验证答案(30秒);
技巧:遇到不确定的空格,标记后跳过,先做简单的有提示词的空,做完后结合全文时态、逻辑,回头修正标记空格;若时间紧张,优先保证语法正确的空格,不确定的空优先选符合时态和固定搭配的答案。
七、万能答题口诀(适配所有体裁)
通读全文定时态,提示词来变词形。
动词时态看语境,非谓主动doing行。
名词单复看数量,形容副词辨分明。
无提示词看结构,冠介连词代词定。
固定句型记牢固,句子结构要理清。
错题复盘常积累,语法高分稳搞定。
八、高考英语语法填空高频考点及搭配表
1. 高频动词相关(时态/语态/非谓语)
(1)高频时态及标志词:
① 一般现在时:every day、usually、always、often、sometimes(主语单数第三人称,动词加s/es);
② 一般过去时:yesterday、last week、ago、in 2023(动词用过去式);
③ 现在完成时:since、for、already、yet、so far(have/has + 过去分词);
④ 被动语态:be + 过去分词(结合时态变化be动词),标志词:by、be done。
(2)高频非谓语动词搭配:
① doing搭配:enjoy doing、finish doing、avoid doing、mind doing、be busy doing;
② to do搭配:want to do、hope to do、decide to do、try to do、plan to do;
③ done搭配:be interested in(interested为过去分词作形容词)、get done(被动)。
2. 高频名词及单复数变化
(1)高频名词:experience(经历→复数experiences;经验→不可数)、family(家庭→单数;家人→复数)、child(children)、woman(women)、man(men);
(2)单复数变化规则:
① 一般加s:book→books、student→students;
② 以s、x、ch、sh结尾加es:box→boxes、watch→watches;
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es:city→cities、baby→babies;
④ 不规则变化:mouse→mice、sheep→sheep、deer→deer。
3. 高频形容词/副词及转换
(1)高频转换:
① 形容词→副词:quick→quickly、slow→slowly、happy→happily、easy→easily;
② 副词→形容词:badly→bad、well→good、hardly→hard(注意:hard既是形容词也是副词);
(2)高频比较级/最高级:
① 单音节词:tall→taller→tallest、fast→faster→fastest;
② 双音节词:happy→happier→happiest、slowly→more slowly→most slowly;
③ 不规则变化:good/well→better→best、bad/badly→worse→worst。
4. 高频冠词、介词、连词(必背)
(1)冠词:
① a/an:泛指一个,an用于元音音素开头(an apple、an hour),a用于辅音音素开头(a book、a university);
② the:特指(the sun、the first day)、序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物前。
(2)介词:
① 时间介词:in(年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上)、on(具体某一天、星期)、at(具体时刻、节日);
② 地点介词:in(大地方)、at(小地方)、on(表面上)、under(正下方);
③ 固定搭配介词:be good at、look forward to、devote to、in terms of、by accident。
(3)连词:
① 转折:but、however、yet;
② 因果:because、since、so、therefore;
③ 并列:and、or、as well as;
④ 让步:though、although、even if;
⑤ 条件:if、unless、as long as。
5. 高频固定句型(必背)
1. It is important for us to learn English well.(对我们来说学好英语很重要);
2. There is a park near my home.(我家附近有一个公园);
3. He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来,他才睡觉);
4. She is so kind that everyone likes her.(她如此善良,以至于每个人都喜欢她);
5. He runs as fast as his brother.(他跑得和他哥哥一样快);
6. I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.(我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去);
7. They are busy preparing for the exam.(他们正忙于准备考试);
8. I have trouble in solving this problem.(我解决这个问题有困难)。
九、错误选项(答案)特征速记表(适配语法填空,精准避雷)
1. 时态错误:与全文时态基调不符,如记叙文填一般现在时,说明文填过去时;
2. 非谓语错误:混淆doing、done、to do的用法,如主动动作填done,目的动作填doing;
3. 单复数错误:漏变复数、错变复数(如不规则复数变形错误),或不可数名词变复数;
4. 词性错误:形容词修饰动词、副词修饰名词,如“run quick”“a quickly answer”;
5. 介词错误:不符合固定搭配或语境,如“in Sunday”“be good with English”;
6. 冠词错误:泛指与特指混淆,如元音音素开头单词前填a,特指时漏填the;
7. 连词错误:逻辑关系不符,如因果关系填but,转折关系填so;
8. 主谓一致错误:主语为单数,谓语用复数;主语为复数,谓语用单数;
9. 固定句型错误:遗漏句型中的关键词,如“It is adj. of sb. to do”误填for;
10. 语境脱节错误:语法正确,但与上下文语义、逻辑无关,如代词指代错误,非谓语动词与语境动作不符。
十、考场快速排除口诀(适配语法填空)
时态不符先排除,非谓形式看主动。
单复错误别放过,词性搭配要契合。
介冠连词看逻辑,主谓一致要记得。
句型错误直接划,语境脱节不选它。
语法正确是前提,语境适配才可行。
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