第2章 1.专题一 名词（正文）-【中考零障碍】2026年广东中考英语复习

6.spaceship考查名词。由下文“它里面有许多东西”可知， 此处指我们登上了一个宇宙飞船的复制品。不定冠词a后接 可数名词单数，故用spaceship。 7.where考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处为宾语 从句。由句意可知，我们可以触摸宇航员的宇航服以及看到 宇航员准备食物的地方。此处表示“…的地方”，故用 where。 8.When考查连词。分析句子成分可知，此处缺少连词连 接两个句子。由句意可知，当他们参观宇宙飞船时，他们都 兴奋地谈论这项技术是多么棒。此处表示“当…时”，且位 于句首，故用When。 9.fll考查动词。由句意可知，我们不得不保持小心以防 跌进模拟的零重力区域。此处需用动词不定式表目的，故用 fall。 I0.our考查代词。由句意可知，在我们的访问结束时，我 们颇受启发，希望更多地了解宇宙。此处指“我们的”，修饰 名词需用形容词性物主代词，故用ou“。 PartⅢ主题拓展阅读 1,B细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句可知，失重会引起 骨质流失。 2.B细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句可知，研究端粒有 助于了解人体中的DNA在太空中的变化。 3.C推理判断题。通读第三段可知，作者通过列举不同的 宇航员的例子，来表明研究人员是如何验证太空对人体的影 响的。 4.A词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的下一句“国际空间站 已经采取行动去解决这个问题”可推测，此处表示然而，它 已不再是一个主要的担忧。 5.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了太空会 对人类的DNA和健康状况产生影响。 学有所思 Yes,I do.Because I want to experience the astronauts'feelings in person..(言之有理即可) 词汇提炼 1.understand;understanding 2.connect 3.be bad for;be good for 4.因为 第二章语法知识专项复习 专题一名词 教材语境 1.children 2.a lot of 3.father's 中考链接 1-2CD 3.performances 考向1 对点专练 、1.jobs 2-3AC LZAZK GDYY 2 二、l.scientist 2.hours 3.secrets 4.work 5.discovery 考向2 1.books watches tomatoes stories leaves 对点专练 一、l.wonders2.artist 3.B 1.stars 2.career 3.knowledge 4.people 5.ways 考向3 对点专练 一、1.some 2-3CA 二、l.students2.money3.pairs4.man5.joy 考向4 对点专练 一、l.child's 2-3AA 二、l.friends2.Lu Xun's3.history 直击中考 -、1-2AC 二、1-6 ACBBCD 三、l.worker2.help3.sadness4.dream 5.student 6.months 7.love 8.age 9.attention 备考演练 -、1-5 ADBAD6-10 BACCD 二、1.during2.reason3.played4.ways5.only 6.Its 7.decision 8.bring 9.interested 10.and 专题二动词 第1讲动词和动词词组 教材语境 1.works does 2.look for 中考链接 1-2CA 考向1 对点专练 一、L.change speak 2-3BB 二、l.finds2.keep3.gives4.thinks5.is 基础知识必备 第三人称单数 (1)puts (2)teaches goes (3)flies tries 现在分词 (1)catching doing (2)making (3)running (4)lying 过去式与过去分词 (1)passed (2)decided (3)worried hurried (4)planned 对点专练 is being was/were been does doing did done regrets regretting regretted regretted passes passing passed passed carries carrying carriedcarried solves 参考答案第二章语法知识专项复习 专题一名词 知识导图 可数名词复数的规则变化： 名 girl-girls 名 词 's所有格：Mary's bike 可数名词复数的不规则变化： 词 的 名词 of所有格：a map of China man-men 的 所 双重所有格：a friend of my sister's 既作可数名词，又作不可数名词： 数 有 fish 格 名词的量 可数名词的量：abag 不可数名词的量：a little money 教材语境 用名词的适当形式填空。 1.The pieces are usually cute (child/children)or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story (RJ9全U5)】 温故知新：可数名词复数的变化可划分为规则变化和不规则变化两类，child的复数形式属 于不规则变化。 2.I have (a lot of/many)wealth,but I'm always worried about losing my money. (RJ9全U11) 温故知新：a lot of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词；many仅修饰可数名词。 3.I even dropped my (father/father's)cup when I was cooking! (WY9A M4) 温故知新：father是单数名词，其名词所有格的构成方法是在词尾加's。 中考链接 )1.Sometimes,he takes one bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. (2024广东语法选择) A.hour B.hours C.hour's 点拨：考查名词。由句意“有时他乘坐一个小时的公共汽车到另一个镇的博物馆和动 物园”可知，此处表示“一个小时的”，需用名词所有格，故用hou'se ()2.Xu says he will continue this work although the library is now faced with the of e-books. (2025广东完形填空) A.death B.truth C.mistake D.challenge 点拨：由句意“徐先生说，尽管图书馆现在面临电子书的挑战，但他将继续（做）这项 工作”可知，此处表示“挑战”。death死亡，truth真相，mistake错误。 3.As people get together there at night and give some performance)of Guangdong opera,the shop turns into a community theater. (2025广东短文填空)】 点拨：由后半句“这家商店变成一个社区剧院”可知，此处指当人们晚上聚在一起并表演粤 剧时。some后接可数名词复数，故用performances。 LZAZK 141 YY 考点解读 广东省近5年中考统计情况 年份 考点 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 题型 (41)job; (42)time; (41)vegetables; (44)advantages; 名词 完形填空 (48)journey; (43)family 辨析 (46)reason; (43)baby; (45)space; (49)challenge (50)scientist (44)idea (46)reply 语法选择 (36)watch birds 可数名 (73)His favorite (71)In cities; (74)The 词及其 example is ... (72)The answer invention of: (66)the answer 短文填空 (73)forty-seven 单复数 (74)some is… (75)have a is yes letters performances good habit of 不可数 (69)the beauty 短文填空 (71)hot water 名词 of a city (33)her music 名词所 (35)one hour's teacher's 有格 语法选择 bus ride favorite student (注：括号中的数字表示题号)》 考向（①》名词词义辨析 分析广东省近12年中考真题可知，在完形填空中，名词词义辨析是必考点。在解答此类题 型时，学生要明确每个选项的意思，再根据语境确定答案。 1.名词的分类。 国家：China 地名：Beijing 抽象名词：health,happiness,.trust 专有 人名：Mike 称呼：Miss Li 普通 物质名词：milk,water 名词 节日：the Spring Festival 名词 集体名词：people,police 月份：January星期：Tuesday 个体名词：car,book 2.常考名词归纳（根据2014一2025年广东省卷完形填空总结）。 A care照顾；照料 日 luck运气 age年龄 challenge挑战 hope希望 look长相 advice意见；建议 D health健康 love喜爱；关爱 advantage优势 dentist牙医 happiness幸福；愉快 air空气 decision决定(12年4考) (12年2考) life生活；生命(12年2考) apple苹果 dialogue对话 heart心脏；心 light光 B dream梦；梦想 2 M baby婴儿 discovery发现 instruction指示；命令 mouth嘴巴 business生意；商业 E interest兴趣；爱好 method方法 bee蜜蜂 excuse借口 idea主意 mess杂乱；不整洁 bird鸟(12年2考) exam考试 J C example例子 job工作(12年3考) money金钱 coach教练 experience经历；经验 journey旅程 0 class班级 F K office办公室 cause原因；起因 flower花 kindness仁慈；善良 P chance机会；可能性 family家庭 knowledge知识；学识 practice练习 change改变；变化 frog青蛙 L color颜色 face脸 lawyer律师 promise承诺；诺言 condition状况 fear担心；害怕 leaf叶子 (12年2考)》 LZAZK 142 YY purpose目的；意图 regret懊悔；感到遗憾 shame可惜；遗憾 tree树 (12年2考) rabbit兔子 service接待；服务 trip旅行 project项目；工程 road公路 shoulder肩膀 4 peace和平 reply回答；答复 space太空；空间 vegetable蔬菜 people人们 sport运动 w problem问题 success成功 T war战争 R safety安全 team队伍 water水 reason原因 scientist科学家 trust信任；信赖 Y research研究；探讨 secret秘密 truth真相 yard院子 (12年2考) shape形状；外形 test测试 result结果；后果 smile微笑 ticket票 rule规则；规章 situation情况；状况 time时间 对点专练 一、语法巩固。 1.At the age of nine,I asked for part-time (job/jobs)in small radio stations. (WY8B M10) )2.Li Wei likes science and his dream is to be a like Tu Youyou. A.scientist B.singer C.driver )3.-Kevin,could you pass me some It's so hot today.I'm really thirsty. -OK.Here you are. A.rice B. bread C.water 二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 The 1. science)spent many 2. (hour)studying space.He wanted to find 3. (secret)of the universe.His hard 4. work)led to a great 5. discover),making everyone excited. 考向2》名词的数 分析广东省近8年中考真题可知，在短文填空中，名词考查了14次，主要考查名词的数： 可数名词的单数形式考查7次，可数名词的复数形式考查4次，不可数名词考查3次。 1. 可数名词复数的规则变化。 情况 变化方法 例子 一般情况 词尾直接加-s book- 以s,x,ch,sh结尾 词尾加-es bus-buses,watch- 以h结尾 词尾加-s month-months (1)有生命，词尾加-es tomato- 以0结尾 (2)无生命，词尾加-s piano-pianos (3)字母0前是元音，词尾加-s Z00-Z00S (1)字母y前是元音，词尾直接加-s birthday-birthdays 以y结尾 (2)字母y前是辅音，词尾y变i,再加-es story- 以f(e)结尾 词尾f(e)变v,再加-es life-lives,leaf- LZAZK 143 YY 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化。 变化方法 例子 改变单数名词中的元音字母：a变e,oo变ee man-men,tooth-teeth ouse变ice mouse-mice 词尾变化 child-children,ox-oxen 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体），也可以作复数 My family is going to move. (成员) My family all like watching TV. 在词尾直接加-s American-Americans,German-Germans 表示“某国人”的名词 以ese结尾的名词单复数同形 Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 单复数同形 fish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep 意(1)表示某一特定含义时，只有复数形式，如clothes(衣服)，glasses(眼镜)。 (2)形式上为复数，但意义为单数，如news,maths。 The news was surprising.Maths is my favorite subject. (3)由man和woman构成的合成名词，其复数形式是把词尾的man和woman变为men和 women,如policeman一policemen.。 (4)由两个名词组成的复合名词，最后一个名词变成复数，如three apple trees;当第一个 名词是woman或man时，两个名词都要变成复数，如four women doctors。. (5)复合名词中起主导作用的主体名词变为复数形式，如passer-by一passers-by(行人)；如没有 主体名词，就在最后一个词的后面加s,如grown-up一grown-ups(成年人)。 3.常考的不可数名词。 类别 例子 饮食 beef,bread,cheese,meat,milk,pork,rice,soup,tea,water 物质名词 材料 cotton,glass,gold,metal,plastic,silk,wool,wood 自然 earth,fire,ice,light,rain,snow,sunshine,universe,weather 情感 disappointment(2024),joy(2024),fun,happiness,pleasure,pity,shame,surprise 抽象名词 其他 curiosity(2024),creativity(2024),advice,information,knowledge,research,success 4. 有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。 词义 词义 单词 单词 可数名词 不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 experience(2024) 经历 经验 fish 鱼；鱼类 鱼肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 room(2018) 房间 空间 time 次；倍数 时间 glass(2016) 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活 rain 一场雨 雨水 work 作品 工作 weight(2017) 砝码 重量 height 高度 身高 LZAZK 144 YY 对点专练 一、语法巩固。 1.I was looking across one of the wonder/wonders)of the natural world-the Grand Canyon. (WY9A MI) 2.Lingling shows great interest in painting and she hopes to be an (artist/artists). )3.-Can you give me some on learning English well? -Sure.Watching English programs is a good way. A.news B.advice C.messages 二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 When I was a little boy,studying the 1. star)was great fun for me.Now it is my 2. (career).I use my 3. knowledge)to tell 4. (people)about the stars in different 5. (way). 考向3》 名词的量 名词的量指的是名词所表示事物的数量或容量。在英语中，名词的量可以通过不同的方式 来表达，具体可以分为可数名词和不可数名词的量。 许多 一些、几个 几乎没有、没有 例句 many/a great many/ I eat few bananas,but I 只修饰可数名词 a few/several few a great number of often eat a few apples. much/a large amount There is little water in the 只修饰不可数名词 a little/a bit of little of a great deal of bottle. a lot of/lots of/ 修饰可数名词和不 He always gives us lots of plenty of/a large some/any no 可数名词 advice. quantity of 意(1)不可数名词不能与不定冠词a或an连用，且没有复数形式。 (2)不可数名词用“量词+of”的结构表示具体容量或数量，如a glass of water;在特定语 境下，可数名词也可以用量词短语表示数量，如a basket of apples。 对点专练 一、语法巩固。 1.When I got home,I tried to cook some/many)rice,but I burnt it.(WY9A M4) ()2.-What's your secret of writing so well? -I read a lot,and the works of Lu Xun had a strong on me as a child. A.difference B.decision C.influence )3.Humor is a type of language art,which brings a lot of and laughter to our daily life. A.pleasure B.success C.pressure 二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 Three 1. (student)raised some 2. (money).They wanted to buy two 3. pair)of shoes for a poor 4. (man).They got a lot of 5. (joy) from helping others. LZAZK 145 YY 考向4》名词的所有格 名词所有格用于表示事物之间的所属关系，根据其使用规则可以分为有生命的事物和没有 生命的事物这两大类。 1.有生命的名词，主要用s所有格。 情况 构成方法 例子 单数名词 在词尾加's the boy's father 以s结尾的复数名词 在词尾加’ grandparents'picture 不以s结尾的复数名词 在词尾加's Children's book 意(l)表示共同拥有，最后一个名词后加's,如Jane and Mary's bike。. (2)表示各自拥有，每个名词后都加's,如Jane's and Mary's bikes。 (3)表示在某人家或公共场所（如商店、饭店、医院等）时，可省略's后面的名词，如 at my uncle's at my uncle's house,at the doctor's at the doctor's office 2.无生命的名词，主要用0所有格，但也有's的固定用法。 情况 构成方法 例子 一般情况 of+名词 a map of China 表示时间、距离、国家、地点、 在词尾加's one week's time 自然现象等 3.双重所有格，s所有格与o所有格相结合。 构成方法 例子 of加名词所有格 a friend of my sister's of加名词性物主代词 a picture of mine 对点专练 一、语法巩固。 1.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a (child's/children's)development. (RJ8B U4) )2.My parents took me to the amusement park on Day.There were so many exciting things to do. A.Children's B.Children C.Child's )3.-You have a nice house!Whose room is this? -It's A.Jack and Peter's B.Jack's and Peter's C.Jack and Peter 二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。 Last month,I took a trip with two 1. (friend)of mine.We went to Shaoxing and paid a visit to 2. (Lu Xun)former residence ()A volunteer told us about the 3. (history)of the house.We had a good time there. LZAZK 146 YY 直击中考 一、名词在语法选择中的运用。 分析广东省近6年中考真题可知，在语法选择中，名词共考查3次，其中2次考查名词所 有格，1次考查名词复数，学生要根据句式结构与上下文来确定答案。 语篇训练句式结构与上下文判断法 Hi,I'm Li Hua.There are two new students in my class this year.They are Betty and Tony. Betty is from New York,America.She is eleven years old.Tony is a British boy.He is from London.London is a big city and it's the capital 1 Britain.Tony is twelve years old.He likes Chinese.Mrs.Smith is Tony's teacher.She is very kind and she always helps him with his study. Tomorrow is 2 Day.Tony wants to give some beautiful cards to Mrs.Smith. ( )1.A.of B.with C.for ( )2.A.Teacher B.Teacher's C.Teachers' 二、名词在完形填空中的运用。 分析广东省近6年中考真题可知，在完形填空中，名词共考查16次（每年必考2~3题）， 其中6次是根据词汇复现来确定答案，10次是根据语境推断来确定答案。 语篇训练词汇复现法 I was happy on Tuesday because I went to Chimelong Paradise with my classmates and teachers. There were eight 1 in my class and five people in each group. When we got there,my group ran to the screaming zone first.We rode the motorcycle roller coaster(过山车).Then we watched an exciting_2_·The main character of the movie was my favorite star.Later,we were so hungry and we looked for a 3 to have lunch.The restaurant sold many kinds of food.We ordered four bowls of beef noodles and a bowl of chicken noodles. After that,we rode other roller coasters. At last,we went back home by bus.We were tired today,but we had a good time. )1.A.groups B.students C.clubs D.teams )2.A.game B.race C.movie D.interview )3.A.cinema B.restaurant C.library D.station 语篇训练儿语境推断法 Mr.Black was too fat.His wife was worried about his 4 and took him to see a doctor. "Don't eat meat or cakes,"the doctor said to him."I'm going to stop him from eating them, doctor,"Mr.Black's wife said. The next morning,Mr.Black made a nice cake,and his wife ate half of it.After his wife went out,Mr.Black cut a very small piece of the cake and ate it.Then he found that he couldn't stop LZAZK 147 YY eating it!Several minutes later,he finished the cake."My wife will be very angry,he said to himself."What should I do?"Then he had a(n)5 He made another cake quickly,ate half of it and left the 6 on the table.When his wife came back at noon,she was very happy to see the half of the cake. ( )4.A.work B.health C.money D.spirit ( )5.A.dream B.experience C.idea D.mistake )6.A.rubbish B.message C.tool D.rest 三、名词在短文填空中的运用。 分析广东省近8年中考真题可知，在短文填空中，名词共考查13次，其中1次是根据句子 成分和构词法来确定答案，10次是根据句式结构与上下文来确定答案，2次是根据固定搭配确 定答案。 语篇训练构词法 sad helpful success work Lei Feng was born into a poor family in a little mountain village of Hunan Province.He didn't go to school until he was 10 years old.When he was 18,he became a steel 1 in a factory.He was often praised for his good job.He kept doing something good for others.When he got thanks, he always said,"It's my duty and it's just because some people need some 2,and there should be someone standing out to give them a hand."He became a model soldier one year later.To people's 3,Lei Feng died in an accident in 1962.Although he died,he was still alive in people's hearts. 1. 语篇训练句式结构与上下文推断法 month dream student scientist Many students want to be scientists when they grow up.A 15-year-old girl,Hannah Herbst, also has a 4 like this.She is very young,but she has already been a scientist.Lots of people know her because she once won the America's Top Young Scientist Award.She is still a 5 and studies in Florida. Herbst made a small turbine()called Beacon.It could make electricity by using ocean currents().It helped her win an award.Her idea of inventing Beacon came from her pen pal in Ethiopia,Africa.Her pen pal said her country needed electricity.Then she wanted to help them. She spent four 6 making the turbine model.At last,she made the turbine successfully.She said the turbine could charge three cars in less than an hour. 又 6 LZAZK 148 YY 语篇别练固定搭配判断法 age love year attention Hedy Lamarr was born in 1914.When she was still a teenager,she fell in 7 with acting. Soon she was discovered by an American director.At the 8 of 18,she appeared in her first film. Years later,she became a famous Hollywood actress.At that time,she was honored as "the most beautiful woman in the world".However,many people paid more 9 to her beauty than her acting skills.This brought her sadness and pain,so she gave up acting and started a new life.Then she invented FHSS.Without her technology,we won't have GPS,Bluetooth,or Wi-Fi networks today.So she was called“Wireless Goddess”. 7. 8. 9. 备考演练 一、完形填空。 语篇类型：记叙文主题：人与自我（勤于动手）难度：100词数：约210 用时：7分钟 Mary was playing with her pet dog Tony in her backyard.Tony jumped up 1 and caught her favorite sweater.It was so happy that it made several holes with its teeth. Mary was heartbroken."I can't simply 2 nice clothes just because of a hole,"she thought. As a sweater designer,she often 3 her own sweaters.To make the broken sweater look nice again,she decided to learn a new 4 -repairing. Instead of trying to make the repair as 5 as possible,she tried to repair clothes with a big fix.After a period of hard work,she managed to 6 the sweater with patterns of sunset and flying birds.The sweater has now become part of a special show at a museum in the UK.The show teaches 7 about clothing repair throughout history to the modern day. Mary now 8 repairing classes online and shares advice with more than 100,000 Internet followers.She is pleased that repairing one's own clothes is becoming 9 once again."It has disappeared for ages,so it's really exciting to see it coming back,"she says."I am very glad that repairing has become a new 10.It makes me positive about the future. Repairing clothing is much more than fixing,because it carries emotional and environmental values. ()1.A.excitedly B.angrily C.calmly D.secretly ( )2.A.put on B.take out C.pay for D.throw away ( )3.A.lost B.made C.collected D.washed LZAZK 149 YY ( )4.A.skill B.word C.lesson D.subject ( )5.A.cheap B.clear C.special D.small )6.A.create B.fix C.repeat D.change ( )7.A.visitors B.doctors C.reporters D.engineers )8.A.buys B.joins C.offers D.takes ( )9.A.easy B.serious C.popular D.important )10.A.tool B.idea C.product D.fashion 二、短文填空。 语篇类型：说明文主题：人与社会（丰富的生活） 难度：00l 词数：约210 用时：7分钟 only bring it reason and way interested they decide during but play Booking a museum ticket in the summer of 2025 was not easy.Visitors often found that tickets had been fully booked. Across China,museum halls were full of visitors 1 the summer vacation.Many museum staff were surprised at this“museum craze(博物馆热)”.So,what caused the“museum craze”?The main 2 was a growing interest in traditional Chinese culture,according to Guo Sike,a manager of the Confucius Museum. "Nowadays,young Chinese love traditional Chinese culture,"Guo said.He added that modern technology also 3 a role.It allowed people to experience traditional culture in more 4. The Shanxi History Museum 5 allowed 12,000 people to visit each day.6 ticket booking website,however,received at least 600,000 clicks a day.To solve the problem,the museum made a(n)7 to call off its Monday closures() Popular study tours also helped 8 more people to museums.This is mainly because students are much more 9 in getting knowledge through hands-on museum experiences than through books. "Museums are bridges.They connect the past,present 10 future,"said Yang Chaoming,a professor at Shandong University."This museum craze'has influenced a lot of people since July 2023.More and more people wish to learn more about traditional Chinese culture through museum visits.” (2025广东东莞联考中考二模改编) 1. 2 3」 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. 专题突破 请完成《专题突破》语法小卷对应训练 LZAZK 150 YY