必修3 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

培优2真题再做 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife 是否也在不断地进化的问题。 l.A「推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALi- fers hate emphasizing their research's applications,the attempts to create artificial life could have practical pay- offs.(尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创 造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报。)”可知，作者 认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段 "So far no one has convincingly made artificial life.This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of the field's doubtful scientific value.Al- an Smith,a complexity scientist,is tired of such com- plaints.Asking about the point'of ALife might be, well,missing the point entirely,he says. 'The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.Alan says."Some people ask me,'So what's the worth of ar- tificial life?'Do you ever think,'What is the worth of your grandmother'?'”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信 服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评 的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂 性科学家艾伦·史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问 ALife的‘意义’可能完全没有抓住要点。 ‘一个生命系 统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。’Alan说。“有人问 我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你 祖母的价值是什么？)”)可推知，因为还没有人能令人信 服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认 为其没有科学价值)的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理 的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行 反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示 支持。 2.C[词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelli- gence may be considered ALife's cousin in that research- ers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open- ended evolution(演化).（人工智能可能被认为是ALife 的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫开放进 化的概念enamored.。)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是 ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之 处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做 开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观，点。故划线 词意为“吸引”。] 3.B[推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution(演化).（人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表 亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化 的概念所吸引。)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的 特点。 4.D[主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply uni- versally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife may be nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests some- thing:perhaps,just like life itself throughout the uni- verse,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable..(它们可 能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什 么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也 许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALif的崛起将被 证明是不可避免的。)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否 也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALfe的 尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。 素材积累 (一)1.人工生命领域2.简称；缩写3.该领域值得怀疑 的科学价值4.厌倦了这样的抱怨5.生命系统的存在 6.一个叫做开放式进化的概念 7.产生真正有创造力的 机器8.普遍适用于所有进化行为 (二)1.具有挑战性的2.有系统的，体系的3.令人信服 地；有说服力地4.强调，着重5.容量；才能；能力 6.复杂性7.繁殖；复制8.宇宙；领域，体系 (三)1.①C②A2.①D②A 长句缩写 Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin. ·37 参考答案 Unit 4 复盘必备知识巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.deadly 2.broad 3.intend 4.experiment 5.trial 6.limited 7.postpone 8.sufficient 9.wisdom 10.con- duct 11.illustrate 12.indicate 13.accident 14.favour 15.theory 16.charge 17.standout 18.involve 19.credit 20.moral 21.freedom 22.authority 23.declare 24.publish 拓展单词 1.survival survive survivor 2.reference refer 3.benefit beneficial 4.surround surrounding sur- roundings 5.intelligent intelligence 6.political poli- tics politician 7.electrical electric electricity electronic 8.scientific science scientist 9.applicant application apply 10.negative positive 11.ignorant ignorance 12.permit permission 13.responsibility responsible 14.nationality nation national 15.mar- riage marry 阅读单词 1.共和国，共和政体2.省，省份3.药草，香草；草本 4.家庭的一家人5.日期：时代6.错误，差错 7.雷雨，雷暴8.金属 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.speed up 2.pay off 3.through trial and error 4.by accident5.with a bang6.使某人失望7.关于，至于 8.想当然地认为9.提出，提议，建议10.提到，提及， 查阅 速记·经典句式 1.to receive a Nobel Prize 2.with large amounts of qing- hao extract produced 3.what Alexander Fleming was loo- king for 4.As Louis Pasteur said 5.take it for granted that 聚集层级突破单词悟讲记 核心单词 l.①intended②intention③intended④intended for the disabled children in the area 2.①beneficial②to③from④great benefit to our health 5very beneficial to our health 3.①Under②conducted③conducting④the research- ers conducted two experiments 4.①with/by②surrounding③surroundings④envi ronment 5surroundings 6which was surrounded by a high wire fence 5.①a②in③favourite④favourable⑤were in fa vour of the proposal 6.①with②for③the④of⑤in the charge of Tom 6in charge of the company Dtakes charge of the compa- ny 间考单词 l.①on②by③survival④survivors 2.①were permitted②permission③permitted to take photos④permit smoking⑤driving permit 3.①declared②declared war on③declared against ④declared that⑤declaration 短语巧突破 l.①参考②查阅③指的是④referring⑤as⑥to ⑦for you to refer to 2.①to②for③back④off⑤Our efforts will pay off sooner or later 3.①by②on③by④by chance/accident 句式精剖析 l.①to know②to contact③to live④to express 5the first to bear the last to enjoy 2.①as②as③as④is known to us all 3 高考总复习英语(YL) 进阶多维检测 全练透 I.1.wisdom 2.experiments 3.trial 4.container 5.sufficient 6.indicates 7.intelligent 8.electricity 9.accident 10.electric II.1.survival 2.intended 3.limited 4.beneficial 5.is surrounded 6.by 7.in 8.application 9.down 10.Ignorance III.1.take it for granted 2.paid off 3.referred to 4.speed up 5.by accident 6.through trial and error 7.as to 8.let them down IV.1.(which is)intended for English beginners 2.is ben- eficial for our health 3.As the saying goes 4.took it for granted that 5.to travel around the city 重落实 I.1.born 2.to receive 3.the 4.greatly 5.intending 6.succeeded 7.containers 8.themselves 9.off 10.which Ⅱ，「参考范文 Dear Frank, I hope this letter finds you well.This summer,I had the opportunity to engage in a community volunteer service activity that was both challenging and fulfilling.My role involved tutoring children from low-income families in mathe- matics and science,as well as helping to organize community clean-up events. Through this experience,I've gained a profound sense of accomplishment.Not only did I enhance my organiza- tional and communication skills,but I also learned the val- ue of teamwork and the impact one can make by contribu- ting to society.The appreciation in the eyes of the children and the community members was incredibly rewarding. Best regards, Li Hua III.1.gazed at her surroundings 2.was staring eagerly at 3.watched helplessly 培优提能加餐 培优1 一、1.u.(给…)投人（资金）2.u.控制节奏或速度 3.n.抵押品；保证金 二、1.B2.D3.A4.C 培优2真题再做 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从 小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利 用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. 约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的 树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏 的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清 澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理 人们制造的脏物。)”以及第二段“After studying agricul- ture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can cer- tain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农 业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问 题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些 鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇 心很强。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks,John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)” ·37 以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.(他对结 果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物， 开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的 水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态 机器。门 3.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a green- house-like facility that treated sewage()from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-ma- chine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约输承担了许多重大工作。他开发了 一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家 庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南 部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的 是展示约翰想法的应用。 4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-re- pair.（你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后 让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作 的基础是自然可以自我修复。] 素材积累 (一)1.探索树林2.解决问题3.被用来做4.清理脏 物5.动植物结合6.从污泥中除去有害物质7.逐渐 地8.承担了很多大型工作项目 (二)1.观察2.小溪3.生物4.过程5.困住6.除 去7.有机体8.生态系统 (三)1.①B②D2.①C②A 长句缩写 A stream became clear. 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 复盘必备知识巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.gently 2.link 3.emotion 4.native 5.bond 6.generate 7.digest 8.lower 9.enhance 10.boil 11.bay 12.scenery 13.bet 14.atmosphere 15.version 16.elderly 17.mild 18.bitter 19.damp 20.dynasty 21.multiple 22.plain 23.property 24.appropriate 25.concept 26.stimulate 27.appetite 28.delicate 29.emphasis 30.edge 31.loose 32.estimate 33.mood 拓展单词 1.combination combine 2.greed greedy greedily 3.associate association 4.vary various variety 5.salty salt 6.relief relieve 7.security secure 8.digest digestion 9.cycle cyclist recycle 10.fry fried 11.impress impressive impression 12.adore adorable 13.fog foggy 14.expand expansion 15.consume consumer consumption 16.essential essence 17.mix mixture 阅读单词 1.平锅，平底锅2.甜点3.酸的变坏4.卡；卡路里 5.自助餐6.海湾7.烘烤；烤制8.干酪；奶酪9.洋 葱，葱头10.主厨，厨师11.蒸，散发蒸汽12.卷心菜 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.do the trick 2.cry out for 3.throw oneself into 4.out of this world5.let sth.loose6.使人满意 7.破碎8.弥补9.起飞；脱下10.更不用说 速记·经典句式 1.Whenever I feel lonely 2.No matter how bad my mood is 3.listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding 4.No won- der 5.it does make me feel better基 Unit 4 主题语境人与社会 —科学家与科学精神 必备 Scientists who changed the world 析>译>背高考复杂句式A0 FUZA JUSHL 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cul- 纪念被誉为“亚洲 tural elements commemorating 本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构 莎士比亚”的汤显 Tang Xianzu,who is known as Chinese cultural elements...add an in- 祖的中国文化元素 “the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an ternational character to.,,其中who☑引导 为威廉一莎士比亚 international character to Strat- 非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang 的故乡埃文河畔的 ford-upon-Avon, William Xianzua 斯特拉福德增添了 Shakespeare's hometown. 国际特色。 本句是一个主从复合句。That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately;why 这就是为什么大多 2.(2024·全国甲卷)That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately 数宠物猫能够立即 most pet cats are able to tell imme- 为why引导的表语从句；if their owners 判断它们的主人是 diately if their owners were around were around any other cats为if引导的宾 否曾接触过其他 any other cats,which they don't 语从句作tell的宾语；which they don't usually like为which引导的非限制性定语 猫，而它们通常不 usually like. 从句，修饰说明它们的主人接触过其他猫 喜欢主人这样做。 的这种情况。 复盘>必备知识 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part1巧记·课标单词] >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1 adj. 致命的；十足的 14 ut. 较喜欢；偏袒 2. adj. 广泛的；宽阔的 n. 帮助 3 ut.&vi. 想要，计划 15. n. 学说，理论；原理 4 n. 实验，试验 16. vt.&vi.充电；收费 vi. 做试验 写作单 17. adj. 突出的 5. n. 试用，试验 n. 突出的人（或物） vi.&vt. 测试，试验 包含；牵涉；参加 adj. 有限的 18. vt. 19. n. 赞扬，认可 悉其识 7. vt. 延迟，延期 8 adj. 足够的；充足的 vt. 存入金额；把…归于 9 20. n. 智慧，知识 adj. 道德的；道义上的 10. ot.&vi. 组织，实施 21 心 自由 11. vt. 说明，解释 22. n. 权威，权力 y vt. 表明，暗示 23. ut. 表明，宣称 n. 意外，偶然的事 24. ut, 出版，发行；发表 114 基础必备必修第三册 1. n.生存；幸存；幸存事物→ v1.幸免；幸存；生还→ n.幸存者 2. n.提到；参考→ vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；将…送/交给 3. n.好处，益处→ adj.有益的，有帮助的 t.包围；围绕→> adj.周围的；环绕的→ n.环境；周围的事物 5. adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的> n.智力；智慧 拓 6. adj.政治的→ n.政治（学）→ n.政治家 ad.电的；电学的；与电有关的→ adj.电动的；发电的→ n.电力；电 词 流→ adj.电子的 8. adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的→ n.科学→ n.科学家 9. n.申请人→ n.申请；申请表→ t.申请；应用 多 10. adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→ (反义词)adi.积极的，肯定的 11. adj.不了解的；无知的→ n.不了解；无知 12. v.许可n.许可证y n.许可；允许 13. .责任；职责 adj.有责任心的 14. n.国籍；民族 n.国家；民族；国民→ adj.国家的；民族的 15. n.结婚；婚姻→ t.结婚；嫁；娶 阅读单 1.republic n. 5.date n. 2.province n. 3.herb n. 6.error n. 7.thunderstorm n. 4.household adj. 其 8.metal n. n. 1No.2 同根联想记—一 线串 后缀-ance/ence构成的名词大排档 ①ignore→ignorance忽视 ⑥perform→performance表演 ②guide-→guidance指导 ⑦exist-→existence存在 ③appear→appearance出现 ⑧depend->dependence依赖 ④assist-→assistance帮助 ⑨differ-→difference不同 ⑤annoy-→annoyance烦恼 ①prefer→preference偏爱 [Part2妙记·核心短语] >No.1 短语分类记一层级背 1. (使)加速 6.let sb.down 2. 成功，奏效，达到目的 7.as to 3. 通过反复试验 8.take it for granted 偶然，意外地 9.put forward 5. 很成功；引人注目 10.refer to ·115· 高考总复习英语(YL) >N0.2 同根联想记—一线串 串记1.“by+n.”短语全扫描 串记2.“y.十t0(介词)”短语荟萃 ①refer to查阅 ①by coincidence巧合地 ②add to增加；增添 ②by accident偶然地 ③object to反对 ③by chance偶然地 ④stick to坚持 ④by design故意地 ⑤lead to导致；通向 ⑤by mistake错误地 ⑥apply to适用于 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China (获得诺贝尔奖)，awarded for her 1.不定式作定语 contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Even (生产了大 2.with的复合结构 量的青蒿提取物)，however,they still faced another problem, Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical 3.what引导的表语从句 discoveries in history,but it was not (亚历山大·弗莱明所寻找的东西)when he found it in Sep- tember 1928. (正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样)，“Fortune 4.as引导定语从句 favors the prepared mind. Now,we scientists (想当然地认为)itis 5.it作形式宾语 perfectly possible to live and not know. 聚焦层级突破 聚焦核心要点落实 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 Pat.1单词悟讲记 ①(2024·1月浙江卷)The last time I used a [核心单词] phone box for its (intend)purpose 1.intend v.想要；打算；意欲 was..2006. P[教材对接] ②（全国Ⅱ卷）Written communications can often In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intend- read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor ed to find a cure for the disease. and feeling,keeping (intend)clear. 在20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦 ③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, 呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗 however,is a serious message (intend) 方案。 for everyone. ·116· 基础必备必修第三册 [考点明纳]—知识生成 3.conduct n.行为；举止；管理方法vt.组织；安排； (I)intend u.想要；打算；意欲 带领 intend to do sth.打算做某事 [教材对接] intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may be intended for为…打算（或设计）的 finally pay off. (2)intention n.意图；目的；打算 他们在两个领域做研究所付出的努力最终或许会 intention of doing sth./to do sth. 有回报。 做某事的意图、打算 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 with the intention of doing sth. ① the conduct of his father,their busi- 怀着做某事的目的、意图 ness was very successful. [链接写作]一句型转换 ②(2023·新课标I卷)The experiment of estima- 4The book is intended for the disabled children in tion he (conduct)showed that in some the area and has been published.(用过去分词短语 cases,the average of a large number of independ- 作定语) ent estimates could be quite accurate. →The book ③(2024·新课标I卷)We''ll explore beautiful has been published. park sites while (conduct)invasive(侵入 2.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 plant removal,winter planting,and seed col- [教材对接] lection. Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, [考点归纳]—知识生成 will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to under the conduct of...在…管理（指导）下 global health care. conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview 也许后世的科学家借鉴传统中医药的智慧，将发现 进行调查/实验/面试 更多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。 conduct oneself well/badly举止、表现好/差 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [链接写作]一完成句子 ①(202l·北京卷)But there is a whole range of 4To test the effect of social influence on eating other health issues that turning up the radio could habits, be (benefit)for,which is what makes 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进 music so valuable. 行了两个实验。 ②(2023·全国乙卷)There are many benefits 4.surround vt..包围；围绕 growing plants indoors. [教材对接] 3We should spend money on things that everyone He observed that the bacteria surrounding the can benefit mould were dead. [考点明纳]一知识生成 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌已经死亡。 (l)be beneficial to对…有益；对…有利 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 (2)benefit n. 利益；好处 DThe island is surrounded the sea. ut.&vi. 使受益；得益于；有助于 ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition,there'sno for the benefit of为…的利益 need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute be of benefit to对…有益 (surround)en- benefit from,/by..从…受益；得益于 traditional farms and the benefit sb.对某人有益 vironment 3He immediately noticed the advantage of his new [链接写作]—一句多译 每天做大量的运动对我们的健康很有好处。 (surround). [考点归纳]一知识生成 4Plenty of exercise every day is of (benefit) (I)be surrounded by...被…包围、环绕 5Plenty of exercise every day is (2)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 (beneficial) surroundings n.环境 117 高考总复习 英语(YL) [易混辨析] [链接写作]一完成句子 主要指自然环境，偏重于生活、居 5A survey carried out last year showed that 80% surroundings 住的周围环境。 of the middle aged in this city for health care reform. 指大的自然环境，范围要比sur 去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞 roundings大；也可指精神环境、人 成医疗改革的提议。 environment 文环境。强调环境对人的感受、道 6.charge n.费用；价钱；主管，负责y.装满；控告； 德以及观念的影响。 收费；充电 [教材对接] [学以致用]一选词填空(surroundings,environ- When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning ment) would charge the key. 4As is known to all,an unhappy home 当雷暴临近的时候，闪电就会把电引到钥匙上。 can affect a child's behavior. [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 5It took me a few weeks to get used to my new DThe police charged the thief stealing the jewels. [链接写作]—完成句子 2How much did he charge you repairing 6The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, this pair of shoes? ③The house has been in charge of Mr. 饥饿的熊嗅着味道来到我们的营地，那里被一个高 Bell for more than a year. 高的铁丝网包围着。 4Mr.Bell has been in charge the house 5.favour vt..较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠， for more than a year. 赞同 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [教材对接] ()charge sb..for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 As Louis Pasteur said,"Fortune favours the pre- charge sb.with(doing)sth.控告某人（做）某事 pared mind.” (2)take charge of掌管/负责… 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准备 in the charge of受…的管理；由…负责 的人。” in charge of负责 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 (3)free of charge=-for free免费 ①Could you do me favour and watch the [链接写作]一句型转换 baby for half an hour? 汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。 ②We're all favour of equal pay for equal ⑤The company is work. while the boss is away. ③I know your (favour)is buying a car. ⑥Tom is while the 4Since your economic situations are boss is away. (favour)to you,you can buy the car. ⑦Tom [考点明纳]—知识生成 while the boss is away. [间考单词] (1)ask a favour of sb. 1.survival n.幸存；残存物 求某人帮一个忙；求某人做某事 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 do a favour for sb.=do sb.a favour DHow does the family survive such a 帮某人一个忙；给某人做件事 small monthly wage? owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 2As far as I know,the old lady survived her hus- (2)be in (out of)favour (with) band 5 years. 受宠（失宠）；得到（不受）偏爱 3If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, in favour of赞成；主张 there would be little chance of (sur- in one's favour对某人有利 vive). (3)favourite adj.特别喜爱的 ④The survive)of the earthquake are n. 特别喜爱的人或物 fighting for survival. 118· 基础必备必修第三册 2.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证 ④(2024·新课标I卷)First,a girl I met one day [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 told me she was training for a“super,” ①(2023·1月浙江卷)Citizens of higher social (refer)to a 52.4-mile double marathon. classes (permit)to live closer 5People who work in offices are usually referred to the center of the circles. to “white collar workers'”. ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed in 6As the situation was unusual,he referred the appropriately will be refused matter the editor. (permit)to participate. [考点归纳]一知识生成 ③They are not in the ()refer to.as.把…称作 park. refer...to... 不允许他们在公园里拍照。 把…提交给…；让（人）参考… ④We don't in the meeting (2)reference n.提及；参考；查阅 room. reference book参考书；工具书 我们不允许在会议室抽烟。 [链接写作]一完成句子 ⑤If you have no you will not DYou'd better write down the phone number of be permitted to drive the car. that restaurant 如果你没有驾驶执照，就不被允许开这辆车。 你最好写下餐馆里的电话号码供将来查阅。 3.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 2.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 [语境练悟]一补全句子 P[教材对接] ①The United States its independence The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. from Britain in 1776. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 ②Britain Germany in 1914. DWill you please pay a visit Tianjin agai 英国在1914年向德国宣战。 n so that we may meet again? 3When they asked him for his opinion,he ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to strongly the policy. pay transportation for their dog,Tiffy, 他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。 and desperately wanted to take her with them. ④He solemnly it was true. 3I am sure that he will pay every cent he 他郑重声明此事属实。 owes you. ⑤They will sign the tomorrow. ④(2o21·浙江卷)Many would say the Internet is a 他们明天将签署这份公告。 place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo's hunch(直觉)paid Pat.2短语巧突破 1.refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [教材对接] (1)pay a visit to参观，拜访 When they failed to produce any promising re- (2)pay for付钱；为…付出代价 sults,Tu referred to the ancient books of tradi- (3)pay back偿还 tional Chinese medicine again. [链接写作]一完成句子 当他们未能取得任何预期的效果时，屠呦呦再次去 5As a proverb goes,where there is a will,there is 查阅历代中医药典籍。 a way. [语境练悟]一写出黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空 正如谚语所说，有志者，事竞成。我们的努力早晚 DYour notes are excellent materials to refer to 会得到回报。 when you are studying for a test. 3.by accident偶然地；意外地 2 We often referred to the dictionary for new [教材对接] words in reading. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by ③(2023·全国乙卷)What does the underlined accident,but actually this is far from the truth. word“conversation”in Paragraph3 refer to? 有人可能认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而 实事远非如此。 119· 高考总复习英语(YL) [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 (3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定 DI stepped on your foot simply acci- 式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工 dent. 具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。 ②I came here purpose to see you. (4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词， ③Did you do it chance or on purpose/by 常见的有：ability,chance,ambition,offer,anxie design? ty,answer,reply,attempt,belief等。 [考点明纳]—知识生成 by chance偶然；意外地 [链接写作]一完成句子 ⑤He is always hardships and on purpose故意地 comforts. by design故意地 他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。 工温馨提示]表示“偶然遇到”的动词短语： 2.as引导的定语从句 come across,run into,meet...by chance,meet ◆[教材对接] with,run across等。 As Louis Pasteur said,"Fortune favours the pre- [链接写作]一句型转换 pared mind.” 4I'm sorry I didn't break the cup on purpose. 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准 备的人。” >I'm sorry I broke the cup [语境练悟]一—单句语法填空 P2t.3句式精剖析 ①(2023·全国甲卷).，the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in 1.不定式作定语 “A Fable for Tomorrow”. [教材对接] ②This is the same pen I lost yesterday. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of 3This is such a difficult question no- the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel body can work out. Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight [考点归纳]一知识生成 against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如； human history. 正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖 句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句 的女科学家，她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的 用 之中。 贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 法 (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常与 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 纳 the same,.such,so等搭配。 DIf I have any further news,you will be the first (3)在such.·as..中，as引导限制性定语 person (know). 从句，而such..that.,中，that引导结果 2There was no signal in that faraway village and 状语从句。 all my attempts contact)you failed. (1)与as不同，which引导非限制性定语从 3She has only a little room (live)in. 句时，只能放在句中，意为“这一点”，且无 “正如/正像…”之意。 ④The ability (express)an idea is as (2)在such..as..定语从句中，as在从句 important as the idea itself. 事 中作宾语。 [考点归纳]—知识生成 (3)在such..that..状语从句中，that不 ()当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级 作任何成分。 等修饰时或前有the next,the only,the last等时， [链接写作]—完成句子 常用不定式作后置定语。 ④As China is in the east (2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代 of Asia. 词之后。 众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。 120· 基础必备必修第三册 进阶>多维检测 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] Ⅲ.选词填空 I,单词拼写 refer to,speed up,pay off,by accident,as to, 1.Ancient Greece was a fountain of let sb.down,through trial and error,take it for (智慧)and philosophy. granted 2.Before they drew the conclusion,they had car- 1.Children always that their ried out a lot of (实验) parents should take care of them and do every- 3.She agreed to employ me for a (试用) thing for them. period. 2.Twelve years'efforts the 4.Food will last longer if kept in an airtight moment he got the news that he had been ad- (容器). mitted to Peking University. 5.We have gained (足够的)experience 3.In his speech,he a recent trip to Can- to deal with this kind of problems. ada the other day. 6.The smile on her face (表明)that she 4.Obviously,a good learning habit can help us to is willing to help us. the process of reaching our goals. 7.It's fact of life that some people are born more 5.Don't be angry with him.He made the mistake (聪明的)than others.. 8.Because of the flood,the (电)supply 6.Now you show me a successful complex system, in this area was cut off. and I will show you a system that has evolved 9.He lost both of his legs in an (事故)， which made him suffer a lot. 7.There were doubts whether she was 10.Now there are many different kinds of included in the invitation (电的)lights which are cheap and 8.Your parents hope that you will go to a Ivy col- environmentally friendly. lege.Work hard and don't Ⅱ.单句语法填空 V.完成句子 1.It is thought that his (survive)of the 1.我想去买一本供英语初学者使用的词典。 airplane crash is a miracle. I want to buy a dictionary 2.The book (intend)for children is well worth reading. 2.跳广场舞对身体有好处。 3.We are doing our best with the (limit) Square dancing resources available. 3.正如俗话所说，无风不起浪。 4.Keeping a balanced diet and taking enough exer- where there is cise is (benefit)to our health. smoke,there is fire. 5.I want to live in a small village which 4.他理所当然地认为他的朋友应该帮助他。 (surround)by mountains. He his friends should 6.While wandering on the street,he met his old help him. friend accident. 5.他想知道围绕这个城市旅行的最好方式。 7.I hope there are more people fayour of He wants to know the best way my opinion. 8.Due to the (apply)of this medical [重落实] technology,some diseases can be treated at the I.单元巩固练 early stage. 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补 9.He didn't want to let his parents S0 全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 he studied even harder than before. Tu Youyou,1. (bear)in 1930,in 10. (ignore)is no excuse for breaking Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,has become the first the law. female Chinese scientist 2. (receive)a ·121· 高考总复习英语(YL) Nobel Prize for her contribution to 3. Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(12)一“有关看的表达” fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases ●[多样表达] in human history.Thanks to her discovery of gingha- 1.watch.观察；聚精会神地看 osu,malaria patients all over the world now have had a 2.observe v.观察 4. (great)increased chance of survival. 3.notice v.注意到 In the 1960s,many people were dying of ma- 4.glance at一瞥，看一眼 5.stare at盯住 laria,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team 5. 6.glare at怒目而视 (intend)to find a cure for the disease.Af- 7.peep at偷窥 ter 190 failures,Tu and her team 6. 8.gaze at凝视 (succeed)in making a ginghao extract that could 9.glimpse at瞥一眼 treat malaria in mice.In order to produce enough 10.catch sight of看到 ginghao extract for large trials,they had to put 11.look around环顾 qinghao into household water 7. (con- 12.look down俯视 tainer).Besides,to speed up the process and en- 13.look through浏览 sure its safety,Tu and her team even volunteered l4.catch a glimpse of偷瞄一眼 to test the ginghao extract on 8. (them) 15.look out of the window望向窗外 first. 16.take a quick look瞥见；不经意看到 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid 17.look at sb.straight in the eyes/look into one's eyes 9. In November 1972,they successfully 直视某人的眼睛 isolated the most effective part of the extract and l8.exchange a glance with sb.与某人交换眼色 named it qinghaosu,10. is now a key 19.eyes rest on sth.目光落在… 20.fix eyes on盯着 part of many malaria medicines and has benefited ●[佳句观摩] about 200 million people. 1.我们都聚在电视机前，祈求看一眼他的脸。 Ⅱ.话题微写作（邮件） We all gathered in front of the television,pra- 假定你是李华，在暑假参与了一次社区志愿者 ying to catch a glance/glimpse of his face. 服务活动。请你给英国朋友Frank写封邮件分享 2.没有其他人注意到我们，我放下礼物，猛地按了 这次经历，内容包括： 按他的门铃。 1.你做的工作； Seeing no other people notice us,I placed the 2.你的收获。 present down and pounded his doorbell. 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 3.她的眼睛落在我四岁生日聚会时我和她的照 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答； 片上。 3.尽量用本单元知识点。 Her eyes fell on the photos of her and me at my Dear Frank, fourth birthday party. I hope this letter finds you well. ●[好句仿写] 1.她快乐地唱歌，用又大又明亮的眼睛目不转睛地 看着周围的环境。 Singing happily,she with her large,innocent eyes. 2.这位妇女热切地看着这个女孩，想和她说话。 The woman the girl,trying to make a conversation. 3.当这位女士感到越来越沮丧和绝望时，我无助地 看着。 Best regards, I as the woman felt Li Hua more and more frustrated and hopeless. ·122· 基础必备必修第三册 培优>提能加餐 高考对接素养培优 [培优1]单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义—据语境选出pace的含义 1.They are refusing to inject any more capital An.速度；步伐 B.n.节奏 C.vt.&.oi.确定速度；调整节奏 金)into the industry. D.i.走来走去 2.Anyway,I tried to pace myself,and after a 1.To be honest,I prefer the relaxed pace of life in while,the other runners started getting slower, the country. 2.She stood up and began to pace up and down. so I was able to overtake them and finally win the race！ 3.When John found he was going to be late,he 3.We had to offer our house as a guarantee when stepped up his pace. 4.It's a long climb,so you have to pace yourself. getting the loan. [培优2]高考语篇培素养 —Topic:对社会有突出贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2023·新课标I卷)When John Todd was a child,he loved to 1.What can we learn about John explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved from the first two paragraphs? problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after A.He was fond of traveling. flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. B.He enjoyed being alone. When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. used to clean up the messes people were making. 2.Why did John put the sludge After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college, into the tanks? John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can A.To feed the animals. certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can B.To build an ecosystem. eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals C.To protect the plants. and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way na- D.To test the eco-machine. ture did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-ma- 3.What is the author's purpose in chine. mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John's research The task John set for himself was to remove harmful sub- plans. stances from some sludge().First,he constructed a series of B.To show an application of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around John's idea. to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and ani- C.To compare John's different mals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these jobs. different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own D.To erase doubts about ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge. John's invention. ·123· 高考总复习英语(YL) 续表 He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure wa- 4.What is the basis for John's ter. work? Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He devel- A.Nature can repair itself. oped a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (from B.Organisms need water to 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to survive. clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. C.Life on Earth is diverse. "Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does. D.Most tiny creatures live in "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,he groups. says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self--repair.” ◆素材积累 DShe was thin and spare. (一)由文本积累主题词块 2I have several spare batteries in my house. 1.explore the woods 2.solve problems 2.digest 3.be used to do A.消化B.理解C.摘要D.把…分类 4.clean up the messes DThe organization publishes a digest of statis- 5.combination of animals and plants tics. 2 Allow your food to digest before exercising. 6.remove harmful substances from some sludge 7.little by little ◆长句缩写 8.take on many big jobs A dirty stream,for example,often became clear (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 after flowing through plants and along rocks 1.observe v. where tiny creatures lived. 2.stream n. [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介 3.creature n. 词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从 4.process n. 句)去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 5.trap v. A (dirty)stream,(for example),(often)became 6.remove v. clear [after flowing through plants and along 7.organism n. rocks(where tiny creatures lived)]. 8.ecosystem n. [句子缩写] (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到 (不超过10个单词) 横线上) 1.spare C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套训练课时冲关12 :A.额外的B.高挑的C.业余的D.备用的 ·124